The War On Terror President George W. Bush & President Barak Obama

The War On TerrorThe War On Terror

President George W. BushPresident George W. Bush

&&

President Barak ObamaPresident Barak Obama

9-119-11

4 attacks on the US4 attacks on the US

- WTC- WTC

- Penatgon- Penatgon

- Pennsylvania- Pennsylvania

AfghanistanAfghanistan


First on the ground First on the ground was the CIA (quickest was the CIA (quickest response)response)After one month Dept After one month Dept of Defense takes over of Defense takes over and focus turns to and focus turns to Tora Bora regionTora Bora region– To large of region > To large of region >

not enough forces and not enough forces and Bin Laden escapes to Bin Laden escapes to PakistanPakistan


Get the Taliban on Get the Taliban on the runthe runGather up Al Queda Gather up Al Queda and Taliban leadersand Taliban leaders– Military trials with Military trials with

Rumsfeld as jury/judge Rumsfeld as jury/judge (Dick Cheney’s idea)(Dick Cheney’s idea)

– Extraordinary Extraordinary Rendidtion: moving Rendidtion: moving terrorists to allied terrorists to allied countries and tortured countries and tortured for infofor info

Iraq and WMDsIraq and WMDs

Bush states that there are Bush states that there are links between Saddam links between Saddam Hussain and Al QuedaHussain and Al QuedaCIA doesn’t find any CIA doesn’t find any connectionconnectionDick Cheney doesn’t trust Dick Cheney doesn’t trust CIA findings> is very CIA findings> is very influential on Bushinfluential on BushDefense says they got Defense says they got info on connection from info on connection from detainees (tortured)detainees (tortured)CIA vs. Defense (Tenet CIA vs. Defense (Tenet vs. Rumsfeld (and vs. Rumsfeld (and Cheney)Cheney)

Trouble in IraqTrouble in Iraq

Decisions on how the Decisions on how the war should be fought war should be fought caused problemscaused problems– General Tommy General Tommy

Franks want to fight an Franks want to fight an aggressive war and aggressive war and Rumsfeld wanted less Rumsfeld wanted less aggressive with aggressive with smaller forcesmaller force

– 145,000 and slow 145,000 and slow movingmoving


Debate in Bush’s War Debate in Bush’s War Cabinet between how Cabinet between how Iraq should be run after Iraq should be run after the war:the war:– Colin Powell (Sec of State): Colin Powell (Sec of State):

if we break up Iraq we if we break up Iraq we would own it …wanted UN would own it …wanted UN to make decisionsto make decisions

– Rumsfeld: take out Rumsfeld: take out Saddam Hussain and Saddam Hussain and WMDWMD

– Sept 2002 Bush asks UN Sept 2002 Bush asks UN to go into Iraq and look for to go into Iraq and look for WMDWMD

War on TerrorWar on Terror

Established Established Guantanamo Bay as Guantanamo Bay as a prison for terror a prison for terror suspectssuspects

Terror tactics to get Terror tactics to get infoinfo

Used religion to get Used religion to get infoinfo


Cheney and his office tried to control CIA info Cheney and his office tried to control CIA info and what was being reported to Senate> used a and what was being reported to Senate> used a media blitz to get public supportmedia blitz to get public support

3/7/03> final ultimatum to Saddam ( we knew 3/7/03> final ultimatum to Saddam ( we knew where Hussain was but Bush orders us not to where Hussain was but Bush orders us not to get him because he gave 48 hours)get him because he gave 48 hours)

3/9/03> 8 PM Bush orders troops into Iraq3/9/03> 8 PM Bush orders troops into Iraq– Attacked minutes after 48 hour deadlineAttacked minutes after 48 hour deadline

Shock and AweShock and Awe

3 weeks of constant bombardment3 weeks of constant bombardment

Saddam Hussain and Iraqi Army disappearSaddam Hussain and Iraqi Army disappear

Mass chaos > no order > US military only had Mass chaos > no order > US military only had 7,000 troops7,000 troops– No Iraqi assistanceNo Iraqi assistance– Plan was to hand over control to Iraqi National Plan was to hand over control to Iraqi National

Congress but a major argument between State Dept Congress but a major argument between State Dept and Defense Dept of who should control Iraqand Defense Dept of who should control Iraq


CIA doesn’t believe that there was a CIA doesn’t believe that there was a meeting with Saddam and Al Queda or meeting with Saddam and Al Queda or WMDsWMDs

War in Iraq is Rumsfeld’s WarWar in Iraq is Rumsfeld’s War– 100,000 troops in by end of 2003100,000 troops in by end of 2003– Didn’t have good intellingenceDidn’t have good intellingence– Establishment of Abu Grabe prison> severe Establishment of Abu Grabe prison> severe

interrogation to get infointerrogation to get info

End of Major ConflictEnd of Major Conflict

May 2003> major conflict ends in IraqMay 2003> major conflict ends in IraqUS formed democratic governmentUS formed democratic government– Bremer is named ambassador and put in Bremer is named ambassador and put in

charge of stabilizing the gov’tcharge of stabilizing the gov’t– Dec 13, 2003> Saddam Hussain is Dec 13, 2003> Saddam Hussain is

captured….increased violencecaptured….increased violence– Fallujah is a foreign policy nightmare to start Fallujah is a foreign policy nightmare to start

20042004Photos of interrogation are leakedPhotos of interrogation are leakedMore resistance More resistance

Democracy for IraqDemocracy for Iraq

June of 2004 a Constitution is written for June of 2004 a Constitution is written for IraqIraq

Handing over control to Iraqi Handing over control to Iraqi government=more violence as US tries to government=more violence as US tries to leaveleave

Re-ElectionRe-Election

2004 Bush gets re-2004 Bush gets re-elected and cleans elected and cleans house in his Cabinethouse in his Cabinet

Powell resigns > Powell resigns > Condeleezza Rice Condeleezza Rice takes over (former takes over (former NSA)NSA)

New Policy for IraqNew Policy for Iraq

Clean - Hold - BuildClean - Hold - Build– Clean out insurgentsClean out insurgents– Hold territory Hold territory – Build relationshipsBuild relationships

Civil WarCivil War

With the transition to Iraqi government> civil war With the transition to Iraqi government> civil war erupts erupts – Sunnis vs. Shi’itesSunnis vs. Shi’ites– Al Queda supports the Sunni’sAl Queda supports the Sunni’s– Shi’ite politician wins election in IraqShi’ite politician wins election in Iraq– Civil war continues with US leavingCivil war continues with US leaving– Blame for continual violence and problems shifts to Blame for continual violence and problems shifts to

Rumsfeld> resigns in ’06Rumsfeld> resigns in ’06– 2007> more focus on clean-hold-build and increases 2007> more focus on clean-hold-build and increases

troops in Iraqtroops in Iraq– Bush declares no defeat just a stalemateBush declares no defeat just a stalemate

Obama’s WarObama’s War

President Obama re-focus on AfghanistanPresident Obama re-focus on Afghanistan– 7-2-09> 4000 Marines into southern 7-2-09> 4000 Marines into southern

Afghanistan (Helmund Province) to drive out Afghanistan (Helmund Province) to drive out TalibanTaliban

– Heavy fighting in tough conditionsHeavy fighting in tough conditions– Primary job was connecting with the people Primary job was connecting with the people

and protect from Taliban threats (trusting US and protect from Taliban threats (trusting US soldiers)soldiers)


General David General David Petraeus giving Petraeus giving command of US command of US troops in Afghanistantroops in Afghanistan– Trying to humanize Trying to humanize

troops to make troops to make connections with the connections with the peoplepeople

US Relationship with AfghanistanUS Relationship with Afghanistan

50’s and 60’s US helped build canals and 50’s and 60’s US helped build canals and dams in Helmund Province (most fertile dams in Helmund Province (most fertile part of Afghanistan)part of Afghanistan)

70’s-80’s Us supplied Afghans who 70’s-80’s Us supplied Afghans who resisted Russian Communismresisted Russian Communism


Richard HollbrookRichard Hollbrook– Special ambassador to Special ambassador to

Afghanistan Afghanistan – Started nation re-buildingStarted nation re-building– Major problems: Hamad Major problems: Hamad

Karzai and PakistanKarzai and Pakistan– Karzai is President of Karzai is President of

Afghanistan but gov’t is Afghanistan but gov’t is very corrupt > people trust very corrupt > people trust Taliban more than Afghan Taliban more than Afghan governmentgovernment


PakistanPakistan– Safe haven for Taliban (where US found Bin Laden)Safe haven for Taliban (where US found Bin Laden)– US put pressure on Pakistan but Pakistan still disclaims that US put pressure on Pakistan but Pakistan still disclaims that

they help Taliban and Al Quedathey help Taliban and Al Queda– Many believe that US gov’t is too soft on Pakistani leadersMany believe that US gov’t is too soft on Pakistani leaders


May 2, 2011 > US SEALs kill Bin Laden in May 2, 2011 > US SEALs kill Bin Laden in Pakistan with letting Pakistan know > Pakistan with letting Pakistan know > strained relations with Pakistanstrained relations with Pakistan

66,000 troops in Afghanistan > President 66,000 troops in Afghanistan > President Obama said by 2014 he would reduce Obama said by 2014 he would reduce amount to 33,000.amount to 33,000.

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The War On Terror President George W. Bush & President Barak Obama