The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy€¦ · The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Diploma in Advanced Massage and Deep Tissue Techniques Practitioner’s

The Wiltshire School of

Beauty and Holistic Therapy

Diploma in Advanced Massage and Deep Tissue Techniques

Practitioner’s Training Manual

W: www.wsbht.co.uk E: [email protected]

T: 01793 73 77 33 M: 07824 337333

http://www.wsbht.co.uk/

The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Diploma in

Advanced Massage and Deep Tissue Techniques Training Manual ©

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CONTENTS

1. Contact Details

2. Introduction

3. Relevant Anatomy & Physiology

4. Pathologies of the Muscular System

5. Assessment Techniques

6. Deep Tissue Techniques

7. Contra-Indications, Contra-Actions and Aftercare

8. Underpinning Knowledge

9. Results

10. Contact Details

11. Accreditation



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1. COURSE DETAILS During this course you will learn techniques that can be used to provide a deep tissue massage. You will learn how to:

prepare the client for treatment

assess the client prior to and during the treatment

carry out deep tissue massage techniques

use mechanical massage You will also study:

benefits of the treatment

related anatomy and physiology

contra-indications

aftercare and contra-actions Once you have successfully completed your practical training, you will receive The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Diploma in Advanced Massage and Deep Tissue Techniques, accredited by The Guild of Holistic Therapists.

Good luck and enjoy!



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2. DEEP TISSUE MASSAGE INTRODUCTION A deep tissue massage is not just a firm massage where you apply more pressure, but instead consists of different techniques that are used to allow the therapist to work beyond the superficial muscles, usually in a specific area. During your consultation, it is important to find out as much information as possible, so that you can concentrate on the right area and to also ascertain if any action makes the symptom worse.

If a muscle has been injured or is holding tension, due to poor posture, stress or illness, then adhesions can form. Adhesions are bands of painful, rigid tissue which can form in muscles, the tendons or ligaments and can lead to poor blood flow to the area as well as limitation of movement, leading to pain. The purpose of a deep tissue massage is to release the muscle fibres that have become “stuck”, in order to remove toxins and to encourage blood to circulate again. It is important to note that clients should be referred to another professional such as an Osteopath, a Physiotherapist or Sports Massage therapists if you suspect that there is an injury that warrants expert advice. Always work within your own limitations.

The Benefits of Deep Tissue Massage

Deep Tissue Massage has many benefits:

increases the range of motion (ROM) in joints

improves blood flow to muscles

breaks down and reduces adhesions

can aim to improve postural faults

can aim to relieve muscle spasm and tension improves the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to muscles

reduces stress on other muscle groups which may be overcompensating

loosens the fascia of the muscle



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3. RELEVANT ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Muscle Structure Muscles are classified into three different types, which are skeletal, smooth and cardiac. For the purpose of this course, we are mainly going to concentrate on Skeletal muscle, as smooth muscle is mainly found within hollow organs and cardiac muscle is found within the heart. Skeletal muscles, also known as striated due to its appearance, or voluntary due to its action, are attached to bones and deal with movement. These muscles are made up of fine, thread like fibres of muscles, containing light and dark bands. Skeletal muscles can be made to contract and relax by voluntary will. They have striations due to the actin and myosin fibres and create movement when contracted. There are over 650 different types of muscles in the human body, making up nearly half of the body weight. Muscles have the following properties:

Excitability – the muscle responds to stimuli Contractibility – the muscle shortens due to a nerve impulse Extensibility – the muscle can stretch and increase its length by half Elasticity – the muscle will return to its normal length

Muscles consist mainly of muscle fibres which are held together by fibrous connective tissue, with numerous blood vessels and nerves penetrating through them. The muscle fibres are made up of muscle cells, which vary in length and are rod shaped. The fibres are called myofibrils and they get shorter (contract) in response to a nerve impulse. The protein strands then slide against each other when the muscle contracts.



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Each muscle fibre has an individual wrapping of a fine connective tissue called endomysium, which are then wrapped into bundles called fascicule and are covered by the perimysium. This is what forms the muscle belly, and has its own covering called the fascia epimysium. The fascia acts as a “Clingfilm” around muscles, giving them support and also acts as a pathway for nerves, blood and lymph vessels. When a muscle is damaged, fibres become torn and the connective tissue around the muscle is also damaged. Fluid seeps out of torn fibres, which can cause localised swelling. This fluid tends to stick the fibres together which causes pain as the muscle is irritated by the slightest contraction. The fibres stop sliding as effectively and the fascia gets tighter and begins to constrict the muscle. The fascia can also become torn and the loss of elasticity can create tissue congestion. If the body is held in the same position for too long, such as sat at a computer, then the fascia can easily adapt to that shortened position, and any attempts to return it to its normal length can be painful. There is then a temptation to remain in that position, which in turn worsens.

Muscle Shapes The bundles of fibres within muscles will determine the shape of the muscle. The commonest muscle fibre arrangements are: Parallel fibres – these muscles have fibres that run parallel to each other in length and can sometimes be called strap muscles. These muscles have great endurance but may not be that strong due to their length. An example would be the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM). Circular muscles – these muscles are usually circular in shape and an example would be the muscles surrounding the mouth and eye.



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Convergent – this is where the muscle fibres converge to an attachment to a bone. The fibres are arranged to allow maximum force and can sometimes cross joints which have a large range of movement such as the Pectoralis Major. Pennate – these are made up of short fibres so the pull is short but also strong, though the muscle tires easily. Fusiform – these are sometimes included within the parallel muscle group and are made up of spindle shaped fibres. A good example is the Biceps Brachii as the belly is wider than the origin and the insertion. Muscle Movement Muscles are only every able to contract or pull. This means they have to work in groups and even when carrying out an action, do not work alone. A joint, therefore has to have two or more muscles working together. As a muscle contracts, the second muscle relaxes, and as this second muscle contracts, the first muscle relaxes. This is called Antagonistic action as they are pulling in the opposite direction to each other but without working against each other. One end of the muscle needs to be fixed, which is known as the origin and as that muscle contracts, the other end of the muscle moves towards the origin. The name given to the end of the muscle that moves towards the origin is called the insertion.



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Muscles of the Back

Name Position Action Trapezuis Upper back going

down to the spine Moves scapula up, down and back (retracts) Raises the clavicle

Latissimus dorsi

Across the back at the sides

Used in rowing. Adducts, extends and medially rotates the shoulder joint

Erector spinae Three groups of muscle which lie either side of the spine from the neck to the pelvis

Extends the spine Keeps body in an upright position

Rhomboids Connects the scapula to the vertebra

Braces the shoulders Rotates the scapula

Muscles of the Upper Body The pectoralis major is the main muscle that covers the front of the chest. It is a thick, fan shaped muscle which gives the chest its contour. It makes up most of the males chest shape and lies under the breasts on females. The latissimus dorsi covers the back of the chest and sides of the abdomen. It adducts, extends and medially rotates the shoulder joint. The serratus anterior runs around the side wall of the chest.



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Name Position Action Pectoralis Front of chest, under

breast Pulls arms forward and assists rotation of the arm

Deltoids Surrounds shoulders Lifts arms sideways, forwards and backwards

Muscles of the Arm and Hand

Name Position Action Biceps Brachii Consists of a long

and short head. Runs from under the deltoid to elbow

Flexes elbow Supinates the forearm and hand

Triceps Brachii 3 muscles that form the back of upper arm

Extends the elbow

Brachialis Upper arm, deeper than the biceps

Flexes the elbow

Brachioradialis On the thumb side of the forearm

Flexes the elbow

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Middle of the forearm

Flexes and bends the wrist drawing it towards the forearm

Extensors Carpi Radialis

Little finger side of the forearm

Extends and straightens the wrist and hand

Thenar muscle Palm of the hand below the thumb

Flexes the thumb and moves it outwards and inwards

Hypothenar muscle

Palm of hand below little finger

Flexes little finger and moves it outwards and inwards



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Muscles of the Legs Name Position Action Gluteals 4 muscles, 3 of which

make up the buttocks

Used in walking and running adduction and rotation of the thigh, and extending the hip

Tensor Fasciae Latae

This is the 4th Gluteal muscle. Runs from the ileac crest and in-between the two layers of the IT band

Provides lateral stability to the knee. Facilitates walking

Hamstrings 3 muscles that run the back of the thigh

Flexes and extends the knee

Gastrocnemius Located with the soleus at the calf of the leg

Flexes the knee Plantar-flexes the foot

Soleus Calf of leg, below the gastrocnemius and attaches to the Achilles tendon

Plantar-flexes the foot

Quadriceps extensor

Front of the thigh Group of four muscles

Extends the knee, used in kicking

Sartorius The longest muscle in the body, crosses the front of the thigh

Flexes the knee and hip Abducts and rotates the femur

Adductors Group of muscles of the inner thigh

Adducts the hip (brings in) Flexes and rotates the femur

Abductors Buttocks region and thigh on the outside

Abducts the hip (takes away) and rotate the hip

Tibialis anterior Outside of the tibia at the front of the lower leg

Inverts the foot Dorsiflexes the foot Rotates the foot outwards

The main muscles are at the front of the thigh and are called the quadriceps. They are responsible for extending the knee joint and flexing the hip.

The Adductors are the group of muscles on the inside of the thigh and moves the leg in towards the body.

The Abductors are on the outside of the thigh, and moves the hip outwards. (Remember that the term abduct means to take away).

The hamstrings are located at the rear of the thigh and extends the thigh and flexes the leg.

Dorsiflexion of the foot is performed by the tibialis anterior.



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Growth and Repair of the Muscles Muscle hypertrophy is the term used for when a muscle cell grows in size, and the commonest reason for this is due to exercise, where there will be an increase in muscle fibre. When a muscle is damaged (torn), the body has to repair it and will do this by using satellite cells which fuse with the ends of the damaged fibre. If the damage is constant then the process will repeat itself so that more satellite cells are used which will create growth of the muscle.

Muscle Tone Muscle tone refers to the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle. Muscle tone is what enables us to keep our bodies in a certain position or posture. A change in muscle tone is what enables us to move. For example, to bend your arm to brush your teeth, you must shorten (increase the tone of) the bicep brachii muscles on the front of your arm at the same time you are lengthening (reducing the tone of) the tricep brachii muscles on the back of your arm. To complete a movement smoothly, the tone in all muscle groups involved must be balanced. The brain must send messages to each muscle group to actively change its resistance.

Tendons and Ligaments

Tendons and ligaments are made up of collagenous tissue with ligaments attaching bone to bone and tendons attaching muscle to bone. The place where a muscle attaches to a bone but does not move, is known as the origin. To make movement occur, the muscles contract, which will pull on the tendons, this then pulls on the muscles.

Tendons are tough, yet flexible bands of fibrous tissue, which allows movement. Ligaments are stretchy connective tissue which helps to stabilise the joints. They control the range of movements of a joint to prevent them from bending the wrong way. Injuries to both tendons and ligaments are very common, caused mainly by sporting injuries. It is fairly common for tendons to be stretched or torn which can be extremely painful. If ligaments are stretched, caused by injury or excess strain, the joint will become weaker, as the ligaments are unable to support it.

As discussed, the muscles within our body act when they receive impulses. The nervous system is the means by which the body co-ordinates bodily systems and informs the body about any changes in the environment. The nerves carry brief electro-chemical messages that trigger appropriate responses in the various parts of the body. The messages (impulses) then react and will do certain tasks such as make the muscles contract, the glands secrete and the blood vessels widen or narrow.



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The nervous system is a very complex system in the body but is divided up into two main parts. The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

The CNS The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord. The main function of this part of the system is to get information from the body and send out instructions, and to maintain equilibrium in the body. The CNS receives sensory information from all parts of the body. On receipt of this information, the CNS analyses the information, and thoughts, emotions and memories are then generated and stored. The CNS usually responds to nerve impulses by stimulating muscles or glands, which creates an appropriate response to the original stimulus such as a change in temperature.

The Peripheral Nervous System

This part of the system is made up of all of the nerves and the wiring. This system sends the messages from the brain to the rest of the body. The 31 pairs of spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. There are two types of cells in the peripheral nervous system which carries information to the sensory neuron cells and from the motor neuron cell. Cells of the sensory nervous system send information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli. Much of the peripheral nervous system is concerned with voluntary response, but there are still involuntary responses that are dealt with.

Types of Nerves

Sensory nerves send messages from the muscles to the spinal cord and the brain. Special sensors in the skin and deep inside the body help people identify if an object, for example is hot. Sensory nerve damage often results in tingling, numbness, pain, and extreme sensitivity to touch

Motor nerves enable the brain to stimulate muscle contraction, by sending impulses from the brain and spinal cord to all of the muscles in the body. Damage to the motor nerve can lead to muscle weakness, difficulty walking or moving the arms, cramps and spasms.

Autonomic nerves control involuntary or semi-voluntary functions, such as heart rate. If the autonomic nerves are damaged, then a person’s heart may beat faster or slower, and dizziness may occur. In addition, autonomic nerve damage may result in difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, problems with urination, abnormal pupil size, and sexual dysfunction.



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4. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

When a muscle is relaxed, there is a good flow of blood to the area, but during contraction, the flow of blood is reduced and therefore waste removal is limited. This is not a problem if this is occurring during exercise, as the constant contraction and relaxation allows the blood flow to remain. The problem can occur if we constantly contract the muscle without it actually moving, such as in sitting in a poor position, as the blood capillaries can become compressed and blood flow can be impeded, resulting in an accumulation of waste and a reduction in the delivery of nutrients and oxygen. Muscles can become fatigued and become weaker and can result in spasm, eventually creating pain. As the muscles become shorter, they will eventually pull on the tendons that attach them, which can result in loss of function and pain. As function gradually deteriorates, an imbalance can be caused in the muscle group and unless the action or activity that started the issue in the first place is not stopped, the problem will usually re-occur, even after treatment. If a client is presenting with a sharp pain, this can represent inflammation in the area and massage should not commence until the pain has turned into a dull sensation. Causes of Musculo-Skeletal Problems Very often, the problem will not be noticed for a long time and the symptoms can be very subtle at first. This can make it difficult to be able to determine the cause of the problem. However, below are some of the most common causes. Stress – emotional stress will usually show itself in physical tension, causing tight muscles and poor posture. Environment – by looking at the clients lifestyle and occupation, a pattern may form that could highlight a potential problem. Such activities as walking a dog which pulls on a lead or carrying heavy bags over the shoulder can often lead to problems. Injury – any type of injury will cause the soft tissue to become swollen and may lead to increased muscle tension or spasm. This can lead to a lack of range of motion. If you suspect an injury, always refer your client to a professional such as osteopath, physiotherapist or GP. Posture – postural problems may be due to bad habits but they may also be due to postural faults, such as those below:



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Postural Fault Definition

Kyphosis Excessive curvature at the top of the spine, creating a “hump”

Scoliosis Curvature of the spine to one side, causing the hips to be misaligned.

Lordosis Inward curve of the lower back, creating a protruding abdomen.

As a therapist, you are not in the position to diagnose a postural fault but it is important to recognise that poor flexibility and imbalance may develop and the muscle groups surrounding will be affected if a postural fault is present.



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5. ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES

The assessment process will take a variety of procedures. Firstly there will be a verbal discussion, completing a consultation form to determine the clients’ lifestyle, medical history and also the presenting problem/s. It is essential, that during this process, you find out as much information as possible on what seems to make any muscular pain worse and if you feel that the client needs medical advice due to the presence of an injury, then to refer them appropriately and do not treat. As part of your consultation process, below are other ways to carry out an assessment. Observation – one of the best ways to observe the client is naturally, because if you tell someone you are watching them they will unconsciously change their actions. Watch them as they walk across the room, as they sit down, or reach for their bag. Do they have an unusual gait, do they appear to have one shoulder higher than the other etc. Ideally, ask your client to be dressed in undergarments (shorts/vest), and stand behind them approximately a metre away. Imagine they have a plumb line running through the body from head to the feet. The line should run through the ear, through the shoulder, through the hip and knee and be in front of the ankle.

Start by looking at the head to see if it is level, use the ears as a guide. Do the shoulders sit straight? Check the “key hole” (the gap between the arms and the body) to see if the gap is wider on one side. Do the hands hang at the same length? Look at the belt line of the clients’ underwear to see if level, this may indicate scoliosis otherwise. Look at the back of the knees to see if the skin creases are level. Do the knees turn in or out? Check for the alignment of the Achilles tendons to see if there is any thickening of either tendon. Look at the angle of the feet to see if they are turned in or out.



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Range of Motion (ROM) - Another way to carry out an assessment is to determine

the amount of movement which occurs without discomfort or pain. If you are going to carry this out, demonstrate the movement to your client beforehand and always carry out checks on the unaffected side first, so that you have something to compare it to, then check for restriction or pain. This is purely as a guide and should not be used as a diagnosis, but can help you understand that muscles may be tight or restricted in a particular area.



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Palpation – this is the process of feeling with your hands, sometimes before but definitely during the massage and it is a continual process throughout the treatment. Palpation will give you feedback on areas where you need to concentrate on and with lots of experience your fingers will begin to “see” what is beneath. During palpation, your fingers move the skin over the underlying tissues so that you are able to determine different textures. This procedure needs to be carried out very slowly. Below are some of the textures you may feel:

Soft and pliable – this indicates healthy and relaxed soft tissue.

Firm and stringy – will usually be tendons, due to their fibrous nature.

Firm and less resilient – this can indicate thickening of the fascia.

Dip in the contour of the muscle – this can represent a tear in the muscle.

Woody and stringy and may “flick” – can signify adhesions of the fascia.

Firm, gritty and fairly pliable – can indicate recently formed scar tissue.

Firm, solid – can signify mature scar tissue.

Knotty and resistant – this can indicate tension within a muscle.

Fluid – if there is oedema in the soft tissues, the sensation can be soft and mobile, however if there is excessive fluid then the skin can feel tight, firm and be painful.

Definitions of Soft Tissue Dysfunction

Adhesions are fibrous bands that form around joints or within the fascia layers. They are formed from elastic fibres and are usually caused by inflammation or injury and the release of adhesive glycoprotein’s which aid the repair process. You may know adhesions as “knots”.

Scar Tissue is the body’s natural response to injury, and its aim is to bring two ends together, for example in a torn muscle. It is also made of elastic fibres but also collagen and can be sticky in its early stages, causing the fibres to adhere together, causing muscle fibres to clump together over time and preventing the fibres from gliding. Scar tissue can become as hard as bone, and non-pliable reducing the Range of Motion in a joint. Generally, the earlier scar tissue is managed, the less damage it will cause.

Fibrosis occurs when excess fibrous connective tissue forms usually due to tissue damage such as repetitive strain.



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Muscle spasms are a convulsive muscular contraction which can be a result of tissue damage as the natural response is to contract nearby muscles. They can also occur if a muscle is overworked or over stretched. The contraction of the muscle fibres can compress on blood vessels and with a build up of toxins in the muscle, the nerves can become irritated, causing pain.



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6. DEEP TISSUE MASSAGE TECHNIQUES

Before any deep tissue work commences, it is essential that you have warmed up the area by using plenty of effleurage as you would in a normal massage. You may find erythema occurring which can be a good indication that there is some congestion going on.

Deep Stroking can be used within your standard effleurage, using the palms of your hands with the pressure coming from the heel of the hand rather than your fingers. Ensure you are not overstretching whilst performing this move, and you may find it beneficial to lower your couch to be able to apply pressure from your own body weight. Palpation should be taking place throughout the treatment, running the length of the muscle in a slow motion. If you want to start working a little deeper, then you can re-in force your hand but ensure you are working slowly to identify any abnormalities in the tissue or muscles. Return to deep stroking throughout your treatment to encourage the removal of toxins and to keep the muscles warm.

Petrissage can be used to lift tense muscles, only once you have applied plenty of deep stroking to the area.

Deep Tissue Frictions can be carried out using the fingers, thumbs, heel of the hand or even the elbow and can be performed in a number of directions such as circular or across the muscle (cross fibre friction). Frictions are ideally used where you suspect scar tissue or adhesions have formed, though they should not be used if you suspect an acute injury where there may be inflammation. Return to this technique throughout your massage rather than spending too long on one area as it can be too stimulating.

Connective Tissue Manipulation (CTM) is a technique that involves stretching connective tissue using the soft pads of the fingers to move one layer of skin on the layer below. This technique is carried out easier if there is minimal medium being used so it may be necessary to remove any excess oil beforehand to prevent slip.

Trigger Point Therapy is a technique that finds the “trigger point” within a muscle, tendon or the fascia that can be hypersensitive and can radiate pain to other areas of the body. This area can be as small as a pinhead, and the Trigger Point itself may not necessarily be the area of pain but can refer to the area where there is injury within a taut band of muscle and can act as a reference. The Trigger Point area can be congested spots within muscles, demonstrating restricted blood flow. Working on Trigger Points can reduce pain and improve circulation to the area. It is important that



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the cause is investigated as any treatment will only act as a short term relief if the cause is not removed i.e poor posture.

www.ericadhouse.com



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Neuromuscular Therapy (NMT) or sometimes called Muscle Release Technique is an extension of trigger point therapy and is carried out on thick, knotty areas which are discovered through palpation. Direct pressure is applied, using either the thumbs or fingers or even elbows, directly on trigger points to break the cycle of muscular spasm to the area. Once the area has been identified, ask your client to take a deep breath and gradually apply pressure as they breathe out until it is just within their pain tolerance. It is therefore essential that the therapist works with the client to gauge this, and a scale of 1-10 can be used to determine how much tolerance a client has. The pressure can be applied for up to 90 seconds if necessary until the pain begins to ease or the therapist feels an alteration in the muscle. Once the pain has moved to a dull ache, carry out effleurage around the area to encourage circulation again. It is more effective to return to the area later on during the treatment, rather than use NMT for too long at a time as excess pressure can cause a muscle to go into spasm which would be counter-productive. If the pain increases rather than decrease during NMT, then the technique should be stopped immediately as there may be some inflammation present. NMT works on the theory that when a muscle is being regularly held in a wrong position and therefore carries tension, our brain starts to accept this as normal, so that when we try and correct it, the brain feels as if it is wrong. This is not a conscious effort but happens through a natural reflex in the central nervous system. NMT works on a conscious level teaching the central nervous system that this is not normal and to re-programme it. The procedure temporarily compresses the blood vessels which supply the tissue, and when the compression is released, the blood will flow back to the area, bringing with it nutrients, oxygen and heat, and removing waste products. The release of endorphins also acts as pain relief.

Cross Fibre Massage runs across the muscle fibres rather than the length of the muscle and is applied with the pads of the fingers or thumbs (usually reinforced). This technique is used on localised areas of tense muscles and can break down scar tissue effectively.

Mechanical Massage can provide a consistent, deep and effective form of treatment. Many therapists like working this way as it can achieve the same results in around four minutes to what it would take manually in fifteen minutes, therefore saving the therapists hands and energy. Many therapists like working with the equipment as it is also less personal and maintains a consistent pressure. There are issues that need to be considered however, such as loss of touch, making it more difficult to find areas of tension, and also the importance of not using mechanical massage over a bone or on an endangerment site.



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7. CONTRA–INDICATIONS, CONTRA- ACTIONS AND

AFTER CARE

Because you are carrying out a massage, the usual contra-indications will apply, however there are some specific to Deep Tissue Massage that you need to be aware of:

Swelling/inflammation – avoid the area if any swelling is evident as this can demonstrate bleeding from a torn vessel, with tissue fluid leaking into the surrounding areas.

Working on a recently injured site – avoid the area for 48/72 hours after an injury.

Redness or discolouration of the skin – this can indicate an infection.

Sharp, knife like pain (acute) – this can indicate inflammation. Always work within your own limitations. If you are unsure, then always refer to another professional such as a GP, chiropractor or osteopath.

As with any massage treatment there may be some contra-actions, so it is important to warn your client of them and to provide the normal aftercare that you would for a massage treatment.

As you have worked deeper into the muscles than a normal massage treatment, your client is more likely to feel the after effects! If you have used NMT, then the area may feel bruised for up to 72 hours afterwards, and the procedure should not be repeated for 48 hours. Aftercare The normal aftercare should apply for a deep tissue massage, but for the client to get the best from the treatment they should be encouraged to stretch afterwards and to hold the stretch for around 20 seconds. This will increase flexibility but will also provide relief for sore muscles.



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8. UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE

Please answer the following questions and send to [email protected] before your training day.

1. What are the benefits of a Deep Tissue Massage to the client?

2. List 3 contra-indications to a Deep Tissue massage.

3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of combing mechanical massage with manual massage.

4. What are the precautions that you need to consider when using mechanical massagers.

5. What are adhesions and how do they form?

6. In your own words, describe two Deep Massage Techniques.

7. Name and describe one way of carrying out an assessment.

mailto:[email protected]



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9. RESULTS

(Please bring this with you on your assessment session, to be completed and retained by the tutor) Student Name________________ Practical evidence Application of Deep Massage Techniques □ Theory evidence Completed assignment □ Diploma awarded Yes/No

If no, Action plan

Tutor name______________________________

Tutor signature___________________________

Date___________________________________

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10. CONTACT DETAILS

CONTACT DETAILS Head of Holistics : Allie Maisey Address : 706 Delta Office Park

Welton Road Swindon Wiltshire SN5 7XS

Telephone : 01793 73 77 33 Mobile : 07824 337333 Email : [email protected]

Website : www.wsbht.co.uk Like us on Facebook or follow @wsbht on twitter



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11. ACCREDITATION

This course is accredited by:

The Guild of Beauty Therapists

The Guild of Holistic Therapists WSBHT is registered with UKRPL

UK Register of Learning Providers No: 10027055

Medical Disclaimer It is advised that you take medical advice if you or any of your clients have a health problem. Any qualification from WSBHT will not qualify you to advise on any medical condition or to diagnose a condition. Liability WSBHT will accept NO liability for any person for any type of loss or damage whatsoever resulting from the use of materials within any course held by WSBHT. Copyright All copyright and other intellectual property rights in these materials are owned by or licensed by WSBHT. Copyright, adapting or other use of all or part of these materials without written permission of WSBHT is strictly prohibited.

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The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy€¦ · The Wiltshire School of Beauty and Holistic Therapy Diploma in Advanced Massage and Deep Tissue Techniques Practitioner’s