The World at War (again)

Grab a WWII Flip book from the front table

• This is your study guide for the unit… DO NOT LOSE IT (write your name and period on it NOW)

Answer in your spiral, with partner…

• Open the RED book to pages 804-805 “The War Begins”– Use facts from the reading to support this

statement: “During the 1930’s, people were willing to give up their rights.”

– Write IMPORTANT FACTS about each of the following countries: Italy, Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union…

1. Explain the differences between Democratic, Fascist and Communist governments? List the type of government each major country had. How might Communist and Fascist governments have

had an advantage in fighting a war with democracies?

I. Differences between Democratic, Fascist & Communism

A. Democracies: Based on Individual Rights

1. Economic Rights: Capitalism (Own Business & Make $) 2. Government Rights: Democratic Elected Gov’t

a. Choose Leaders by voting in some way

3. Examples: United States /Britain / France

B. Fascist: Dictatorship w/Private Business

1. Economic Rights: Capitalism

(Own Business & Make $) 2. Government No Rights: Totalitarian / Dictatorship

One Person or Party Leader 3. Examples: Germany / Italy / Japan

C. Communism: ‘Good’ of everyone no Individual

1. Economic No Rights: All Owned by Gov’t 2. Government Rights: Totalitarian /

Dictatorship: One Person or Party Leader 3. Examples: Soviet Union (Russia)

D. Advantage & Disadvantages 1. Communism & Fascism: Gov’t controls ALL information & there is NO

op position 2. Democracies: People chose to fight, can elect new leaders any time

Democracy Fascism Communism

Germany (AXIS)

• Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)– Born in Austria in 1889, the

fourth child of six– Aspired to be an artist, was

twice rejected for the Academy for Fine arts in Vienna

– Hitler was jailed for just over a year for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch

– Used “Emergency Powers” to become Dictator of Germany

Hitler fought in World War I, he is in the picture at the far left

Italy (AXIS)

• Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943– Before WWI, was a

journalist– Was known as IL

DUCE (the supreme leader)

Great Britain (ALLIES)

•Neville Chamberlain (Prime Minister 1937-1940)

-Most famous for his policy of APPEASEMENT towards Hitler

•Winston Churchill (Prime Minister 1940-1945)

-Churchill had a speech impediment

Japan (AXIS)

• Emperor Hirohito (ruler of Japan from 1926-1989)– There is much debate over

how much he controlled Japan during World War II

– Many point to General Tojo as the true leader of Japan

– When he spoke to Surrender at the end of WWII, it was the first time ordinary citizens had ever heard his voice

Soviet Union (ALLIES)

• Josef Stalin (leader of Soviet Union from 1922-1953)– Real name was Joseph

Vissarionovich Jugashvili

– He adopted the Russian name STALIN, which MEANS STEEL

– Aspired to be a Priest– Estimates range from

10,000,000-30,000,000 people killed during Stalin’s regime (more than the Holocaust)

United States (ALLIES)

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945)– Only President to serve

more than two terms (elected to four terms)

– Died on April 12, 1945 (May 8th war ended in Europe)

• Harry Truman (President 1945-1953)

-Chosen as Roosevelt’s Vice President for his 4th term in 1944

Democracy Communism Fascism

Leaders of the War

Schedule for the start of class

• First off, you will take a power vocabulary quiz. • When you are finished, you will put the quiz in

the bin in the back and you will grab a BLUE worksheet and a WHITE sheet of paper off the back table.

• You are NOT TO WRITE ON THE WHITE SHEET, complete the blue sheet… it is due TODAY!!!!

• When finished, work on your Politics chart, study guide #1, or the Venn Diagram!!!

Review: What did the Treaty of Versailles Say about Germany???

Type of Gov’t

Economy Gov’t rights

Ex.

Totalitarian Soviet Union

Democracy Voting for leaders

Capitalism

Review: Fill in the missing boxes on the Table

Review

• Read “The Treaty of Versailles” in the BLUE BOOK on page 677– What did the Treaty of Versailles do to

Germany?

2. Describe the major causes of WWII in Europe. How did the Depression and WWI play a role? What did Hitler say was his reason for expanding

Germany’s borders? Name 2 territories Hitler added before fighting. Name and describe the type of warfare Hitler used. What was the reaction of the U.S. to

war in Europe?

II. Major Causes of WWII in EuropeA. WWI & Depression Major Causes 1. Winners of WWI harsh on Germany (Reparations & Small Military)- Humiliation 2. Great Depression hurts Europe (Germany

Bad) a. Fascist think Democracy is Weak & can’t help B. Rise of Fascism due to WWI & Depression

1. Italy the 1st Fascist Country a. Upset it didn’t get more after WWI b. Benito Mussolini comes to power in 1922

2. Germany & Adolf Hitler a. NAZI- National Socialist German Worker Party b. Uses ‘Thugs’ – Brown Shirts to beat up opponents & critics (Young men , no jobs) c. Wants to blame everyone for Germany’s trouble: Jews, Democracy!!, The Allies d. Never Had Majority- Scared or Killed PeopleMussolini and Hitler

The German inflation of 1923— one dollar worth trillions of marks.

Review: What is the definition of PROPAGANDA????

C. Hitler’s Goals For Revenge!! 1. “LEBENSRAUM” -Living Space’ for Germans a. Take land from non-Germans (Less Human) and give to his even if in another country b. Adds Land & no Fighting: APPEASEMENT -Britain & France give land to avoid War -Austria, Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia- all) 2. Builds Huge Military a. Modern Army with Tanks, Planes & ships

-All move Fast & work together (radio) b. BLITZKREIG- ‘Lightning War’ -Nazi's Practice in Spain to help Fascist fight in that Country (Franco)

Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, was the “face” of appeasement

Review

• Define lebensraum and blitzkrieg

• Provide at least two possible reasons why countries did not stop Hitler sooner

D. War & The Reaction 1. Hitler Invades Poland Sept. 1, 1939 a. Uses Blitzkrieg & destroys Poland b. Britain & France declare WAR

-Appeasement was a Joke -Hitler had secret treaty with

Soviets (Stalin) 2. United States Reaction a. Officially Neutral & Isolationist -Many famous people almost like Hitler (Ford, Kennedy, Lindbergh) b. Great Britain all Alone!!! (Churchill) -France got butt kicked & Germany controls it -Germany bombing Britain & Planning Attack c. Roosevelt helps Britain -Lend Lease policy (Boats/Guns) -Atlantic Charter- US/Britain are ‘Friends’ -U.S. begins to build up own Military

Map showing the Sudetenland, the new protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia, and how Poland was divided after its invasion.

Critical Thinking: Why would Adolf Hitler and Germany want to make a peace treaty, at least for awhile (they are BITTER ENEMIES)????

3. Explain Japan’s expansion in the Pacific. Who had taken control of the Japanese government? Which country suffered the most from this expansion? What were their goals for the attack of Pearl Harbor?

III. Japan’s Expansion in the Pacific A. Military takes control of Japan

1. Emperor Hirohito’s power???? (Prisoner??)

a. General Tojo in real power 2. Wants Japan to be Equal to European Powers

a. Believes they are better than all Asians just like Germany in

Europe (which –ISM???) b. Signs Treaty with Germany

Japanese Prime Minister Tojo (center) toasting alliance with Germany

B. Japan wants Raw Materials & Colonies

1. Invades China, Korea, British Colonies

a. Brutal to China ‘Rape of Nanking’ -Murder MILLIONS of Chinese

2. Only competition in Pacific is the Unites States

a. U.S. has Philippines, Hawaii, Samoa, Alaska

Locate the areas the United States controlled in the Pacific:

Pearl Harbor Map

Pearl Harbor

• Pacific Navy stationed there

• If Japan is to be attacked by America, how would it be done???

• Goal is to CRIPPLE U.S.

C. Attacking the U.S. – Pearl Harbor 1. Japan thinks U.S. is Racist (true) &

will try to stop them from growing (true)

a. U.S. stopped selling Steel & limits trade to them

2. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii- Dec. 7th, 1941 a. Goal to destroy U.S. AIRCRAFT

CARRIERS - Carriers out to sea & they survive b. Surprise Attack – U.S. should have known -Japanese Code Broke

3. Waking a “Sleeping Dog” a. Japanese General said it was a mistake b. U.S. declares War

-Roosevelt – “ A day that will live in infamy” Germany declares war on U.S.

The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

Aircraft damage at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii from Japanese attack.

Facts from attack• Facts: first wave 181 planes, second wave 170

planes• Over 90 ships anchored, 21 ships sunk/damaged,

188 airplanes destroyed 159 damaged, 2403 people killed

• Only 29 planes failed to return

Of the damaged ships, only THREE did not return to action, plus AIRCRAFT CARRIERS were not in Pearl Harbor!

Location of ships

Major Ships at harbor: USS Arizona - Magazine explosion, sunk with few survivors

USS California - Sunk USS Maryland - Damaged

USS Nevada - Damaged and run aground USS Oklahoma - Capsized and sunk

USS Pennsylvania - Damaged. The Pennsylvania was in dry dock USS Tennessee - Damaged USS West Virginia - Sunk

The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

Battleships USS West Virginia and USS Tennessee after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.

Photograph of the USS Nevada beached at Hospital Point after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Aircraft damage at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii from Japanese attack.

Captured Japanese photograph taken during the attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941. In the foreground, part of Battleship Row. In the distance, the smoke rises from Hickam Field.

Rotation Questions• Rotation One: Rationing

1) Explain why rationing was needed

2) Predict and Explain which item was needed most for the war effort

3) Explain which item would be hardest for you to ration…• Rotation Two: Women in War

1) Explain the acronyms WACS and WAVES

2) Women were needed because…

3) Just recently women were recognized for their service in WWII, why do you think it took so long (64 years)?

• Rotation Three: Psychological Warfare

1) Choose one, explain what you see:

2) Imagine being a soldier and picking this up… what impact might it have?

3) Any negatives parts of this leaflet? Explain

4) What other ways could you play mind games with your opponents?

6. Describe how Americans helped the war effort at home. What group faced discrimination during the war? How? What is the Selective Service? What did the U.S. do to make sure there were enough supplies and food for troops?

VI. Everyone Helps at HomeA. Factories & Farms Roar 1. Huge amounts produced : NO Bombing makes it easy 2. Ladies to the Rescue: Women take factory

jobs (Rosie the Riveter)B. Ration Books: Coupons that limit how

much of anything you can buy in a time (week, month, year)

1. Tires / Shoes / Sugar / Butter / Gas 2. Some things not available: Panty Hose (Parachutes)C. We Need Troops 1. Selective Service (Draft) a. Men 18-35 must serve if called b. Still around today (Register @ 18) 2. Women Serve (WAC’s & WAVES) a. Army & Navy women’s service (Pilots, Nurses)

D. Racism at Home (Fighting NAZI’s???) 1. Japanese-Americans: ‘Not loyal’?? a. Starts in Pearl Harbor: Not trusted Ex.-Planes b. Japanese Internment Camps -Japanese on west Cost moved to Camps -Lose Property / Homes / Business -Supreme Court & Roosevelt Support It 2. Army Still Segregated a. Tuskegee Airmen: All Black fighter pilots b. Nisei Battalion: Japanese Am. Fight in Italy c. Navajo Code Talkers: Native Am.

Use language as radio men to keep

Japanese clueless

2. Army still segregated

a. Tuskegee Airmen: All Black fighter pilots

b. Nisei Battalion: Japanese Amer.

fight in Italy

c. Navajo Code Talkers: Native Amer.

use language as radio men to keep

Japanese clueless

Nisei Battalion consisted mainly of 2nd generation Japanese-Americans from Hawaii, they were called the “Purple Heart Battalion” due to their high casualty rate.

Code Talkers

4. Explain Hitler’s defeat. What two types of governments teamed up to defeat Hitler? Why was that important geographically? What

was D-Day? Name the American general in charge of the Allies. What happened to Hitler?

OBJ # 4IV. Hitler’s Defeat in Europe A. Germany Unstoppable Early

1. Blitzkrieg Kills : Poland & France (1939, 1940)

2. The Battle of Britain: Britain Becomes Fortress (July 1940) a. Germany Bombs daily:

air attack before land invasion b. RAF fights back, destroying

2,300 Luftwaffe aircraft!!! (RADAR)

c. Churchill – “Never Surrender”

Firemen battle the flames of a German bombing attack on London, 1941

The “British Bulldog” Winston Churchill

Poster referring to the bravery of the RAF during the Battle of Britain

Map of Early War in Europe

Germany fights on two fronts

B. Tag Team Enemies 1. Hitler Invades Soviet Union (1941- Barbarossa)

a. Soviets being killed like crazy b. Siege of Leningrad - Slash & Burn Retreat

2. Britain & U.S. Help Soviets a. “I would favor the devil if it was against Germany” – Winston Churchill b. FDR sends aid to Soviets (Isolationist Mad) & U.S fear communist more!!! c. German has to fight on both fronts!!!-U.S. Britain in West – Soviets in East

3. Germany declares war on U.S. after Pearl Harbor a. SMART????? Why Not?

What happened to the Soviet-German NON-aggression pact???

C. Attacking the German Empire 1. Africa a. German Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox”

-Kicked butt early b. U.S. joins fight & Helps British (U.S. bad) c. Germany kicked out of Africa in 1942

2. Italy (1943) a. Starts in Southern Italy with Paratroopers & sea Landings b. Mussolini Overthrown by Italians

-Executed & dragged through Streets

c. Germans still fight in Italy against Allies (forced to keep troops there)

Landings on Sicily… practice for later????

3. D-Day (Normandy) June 6, 1944 a. Allies Invade France (Operation Overlord) -General Eisenhower “Supreme Commander”

****Wrote failure letter just in case -Germany had France for 4yrs. -Builds huge Fortress along coast to prevent an attack b. Huge DEADLY attack – 150,000 men -Dropped on Beach to face machine guns c. 1 Million more men in France in 6 weeks!!!!!

U.S. Army troops administer first aid to the survivors of sunken landing craft, on "D-Day", 6 June 1944.

Coast Guard manned USS LST-21 unloads British Army tanks and trucks onto a "Rhino" barge during the early hours of the invasion, 6 June 1944

Landing ships putting cargo ashore on one of the invasion beaches, at low tide during the first days of the operation, June 1944.

Coast Guard manned USS LST-21 unloads British Army tanks and trucks onto a "Rhino" barge during the early hours of the invasion, 6 June 1944

U.S. Army troops administer first aid to the survivors of sunken landing craft, on "D-Day", 6 June 1944.

Army troops wade ashore on "Omaha" Beach during the "D-Day" landings, 6 June 1944.

U.S. Soldiers of the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division, move out over the seawall on "Utah" Beach, after coming ashore.

D. Germany is Defeated 1. Germany’s Last Chance- Battle of the Bulge

a. Germany defeated but huge battle

2. U.S & Britain Bomb Germany a. U.S in Day & Britain in Night (Deadly Job)

-Huge losses in factories & Supplies 3. Soviets start to win in East

a. Russian Winter Freezes Germans (too far from base)

E. V-E Day (‘Victory Europe’) 1. Hitler’s Suicide – April 30, 1945

a. Germany Surrenders May 7, 1945

-Soviets capture Berlin 2. U.S. & Soviets meet 60mi south of Berlin

a. Start of Communism v. Democracy (Cold War)

Battle of the Bulge

Battle of the Bulge

Rifle and helmet: traditional tribute to a fallen soldier

Letter

• Look at letter– Who was it written by? To? When?– Just based on these three details, tell me

what you already know or can infer:

– Read through letter with partner, what do you think the letter is about? Why was it written? What did the author want?

Goal for the week

• With everything that we do, keep this in mind:– Was the United States justified in using an

atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? (copy this down on notes #5 on study guide)

– During video, take down notes about Japan.

5. What approach did the U.S. use to take back the Pacific from the Japanese? Describe the approach to fighting taken by the Japanese that made the battles so deadly. What U.S. general was in charge of defeating the Japanese? Describe the events of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Why did the U.S. believe they needed to take these actions?

V. U.S. Island Hopping Japan to Defeat A. Japan’s 6 Months of Victory 1. Pearl Harbor – Great Attack but Misses _______

2. Japan Conquers Pacific & Asia a. Philippines Taken (MacArthur-

“I shall return”) b. Guam / Wake Is. /Singapore / Hong Kong

3. Japanese Brutal to Prisoners & Civilians

a. Executions / Starvation / Torture

(Bataan death march)

V. U.S. Island Hopping Japan to Defeat

A. Japan’s 6 months of victory

1. Pearl Harbor—Great attack but

missed ____________

2. Japan conquers Pacific and Asia

a. Philippines taken (MacArthur- “I

shall return”)

b. Guam/Wake/Singapore/Hong Kong

3. Japanese brutal to prisoners/civilians

a. Executions/starvation/torture

(Bataan Death March)

B. Island Hopping to Victory – General McArthur

1. May & June 1942 a. Battle of Coral Sea & Battle of Midway Japanese Aircraft Carriers sunk 2. Horrible Fights a. Japanese fight to the Death (Suicide attacks) b. Battle of Iwo Jima (Flag Picture) c. ‘Kamikaze’- Suicide Planes

On Okinawa, just 350 miles from Japan, a Marine dashes through Japanese machine gun fire while crossing a draw, called 'Death Valley' by the men fighting there. Marines sustained more than 125 casualties in eight hours crossing this valley. May 1945.

C. The Bomb – Hiroshima & Nagasaki 1. Manhattan Project a. Secret project to build ‘Atomic

Bomb’ -Einstein told Roosevelt about Germany’s plans/ ambitions for

one b. Dr. Oppenheimer from Univ. of California -Plus a ton of others in secret cities 2. Why???????? a. Japanese promise EVERY man,

woman and CHILD will fight to DEATH!!! b. President Truman told 1mill. Soldiers might die c. Already bombed Cities in Japan & Germany -Dresden in Germany ‘Fire Storm

Areas important to the building of the bomb

Los Alamos, New Mexico was chosen as the site to TEST the bomb due to its geography and isolation

3. When – August 1945 a. Truman warns- Prompt & Utter Destruction b. Hiroshima August 6, 1945 -Enola Gay dropped bomb ‘Little Boy c. Nagasaki August 9, 1945 -Box Car drops ‘Fat Man’ d. 110,000 Killed + Radiation deaths later -U.S. studies bomb victims

On August 9, 1945, the American B-29 bomber, Bock's Car left Tinian carrying Fat Man, a plutonium implosion-type bomb. It was dropped on Nagasaki.

The ruins around the Industrial Promotion Hall, now known as the Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima. (Aug. 6, 1945)

Nagasaki Bomb Damage

Paul Tibbets, Enola Gay Pilot Enola Gay Crew

Hiroshima Bomb victim

Atomic aftermath: the destruction of Hiroshima, Japan, after the bombing in 1945.

D. Japan Surrenders Aug. 14, 1945 V-J DAY 1. Emperor Announces surrender on radio

a. 1st time Japanese have heard his voice 2. Japan surrenders to McArthur on USS Missouri 3. U.S. takes control of Japan & Creates new

Gov’t

E. Battle Results 1. Battle Dead

Britain U.S. Soviets Japan

Soldiers 303,000 322,000 7,500,000 1,576,000

Civilians 85,000 0 20,000,000 300,000

2. unconditional surrender a. Both Germany and Japan *Japan-U.S. military control *Germany- Split sectors controlled

by Allies (Berlin in USSR sector but still split) -totally at mercy of victors a. Soviets and U.S. WORLD POWERS -Old European powers destroyed by war

ex. France and Britain -Fascism dead, democracy must face the

“devil” (communism) narrated

USS Missouri

Gen. Douglas MacArthur signs as Supreme Allied Commander during formal surrender ceremonies on the USS MISSOURI in Tokyo Bay. September 2, 1945.

Provide a heading for each picture!!!