The Zuma Administration: Critical challenges

8/14/2019 The Zuma Administration: Critical challenges

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Mfjvmf n Kwbefjwm Kefa ) Cbtl}pm L Cbtm~}c}am

Vlm X}cbBfcjejtv~bvjgeD~jvjdba Dlbaameomt

FMCgD^BDz BEF OgyM^EBEDM

^MTMB^DL P^gO^BCCM


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Vlm X}cb

Bfcjejtv~bvjge

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Vlm X}cb

Bfcjejtv~bvjgeD~jvjdba Dlbaameomt

Mfjvmf nz Kwbefjwm Kgefag ) Cbtl}pzm L Cbtm~}c}am

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P}najtlmf nz LT^D P~mttP~jybvm Nbo \:2! Dbpm Vgwe! 020

JTNE ,tgv dgym~* :?429#=

JTNE ,pf* :?42?#>

JTNE ,mp}n* :?42020 L}cbe Tdjmedmt mtmb~dl Dg}edja

Dgpzmfjvmf nz Hbdr}jm _jvlm~t

Vzpmtmv nz Tjcge ybe OmefP~jevmf nz \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

Fjtv~jn}vmf je B~jdb nz Na}m _mbym~

Vma8 +>? ,0* >2 ?02 66??; Ib|8 +>? ,0* >2 ?02 ?40>

www%gemwg~afnggkt%dgc

Fjtv~jn}vmf je M}~gpm bef vlm ]ejvmf Kjeofgc nz M}~gtpbe Fjtv~jn}vjge Tm~yjdmt ,MFT*

Vma8 +66 ,0* >0 ?>60 00 ?4?: 090:

www%m}~gtpbenggktvg~m%dgc

Fjtv~jn}vmf je Eg~vl Bcm~jdb nz Jefmpmefmev P}najtlm~t O~g}p ,JPO*

Dbaa vgaa#~mm8 ,


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Dgevmevt

P~mbdm yBnn~myjbvjget bef bd~gezct yjj

2 Jev~gf}dvjge8 pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt 2

Kwbefjwm Kgefag

> Dgetgajfbvjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb8 b ogym~ebedm dlbaameom 2=

Cbtl}pzm L Cbtm~}c}am

4 ^}~ba fmymagpcmev }efm~ b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm8

bebaztjeo vlm pgajdz tljiv ge bo~b~jbe v~betig~cbvjge je Tg}vl Bi~jdb =2

Ojajeowm Cbzmefm

6 P}najd tm~yjdm fmajym~z jtt}mt je r}mtvjge ??

Cgfjcgwbnb~wb L Kbezbem

= Ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget je b cbv}~jeo Tg}vl Bi~jdbe fmcgd~bdz :=

Fbyjf C Cmaag

9 Tgdjg#mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev bef pgym~vz ~mf}dvjge je Tg}vl Bi~jdb 20?

Pgaaz Cbtljog

Dgev~jn}vg~t 26=

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Vljt nggk m|bcjemt vlm dlbaameomt bddgcpbezjeo vlm v~betg~cbvjge g vlm pgajvjdba mdgegczbef tgdjmvz g Tg}vl B~jdb tjedm 2::6 wljdl egw p~mtmev dlbaameomt bef p~gtpmdvt g~ vlm emw

bfcjejtv~bvjge vlbv vggk gjdm je Cbz >00: }efm~ vlm ambfm~tljp g Hbdgn X}cb% Vlm nggk p~gyjfmt

jevm~p~mvbvjge! d~jvjr}m bef ~mtl pm~tpmdvjymt ge pgajvjdba bef bfcjejtv~bvjym fzebcjdt tjedm vlm nj~vl

g fmcgd~bdz je 2::6! vg vlm m~b g vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge ,2:::>0000< }evja vlm emw p~mtjfmev! X}cb! wbt twg~e

jevg gjdm je Cbz >00:%

Vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge! wljdl fjf egv ~}e jvt }aa vm~c f}m vg vlm ~mdbaajeo g vlm p~mtjfmev nz

vlm ogym~ejeo pb~vz! p~gyjfmt be jcpg~vbev dgevm|v g~ vlm fmnbvmt ge vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm!ogym~ebedm! tm~yjdm fmajym~z bef jevm~ogym~ecmevba dg#gpm~bvjge dgym~mf je vlm yb~jg}t dlbpvm~t%

Dlbpvm~ 2 jev~gf}dmt bef dgevm|v}bajtmt vlm bebaztjt bef fjtd}ttjget bfybedmf je vlm gvlm~ dlbpvm~t

g vlm yga}cm% Jv nmojet nz m|bcjejeo cbd~g#pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt bdjeo zg}eo

fmcgd~bdjmt je vlm wg~af bef eb~~gwt fgwe vg be bebaztjt g vlm tjv}bvjge je tg}vlm~e bef Tg}vl

B~jdb% Vlm dlbaameomt bdjeo vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge b~m vlm~mg~m agdbvmf je b wjfm~ jevm~ebvjgeba

bef dgevjemevba dgevm|v%

Vlm dlbaameomt g n}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm je Tg}vl B~jdb bef fmajym~jeo ge vlm p~gcjtm g abef

~mg~c! bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge bef ~}~ba fmymagpcmev! b~m baa agdbvmf wjvlje vlm jevm~ebvjgeba bef

dgevjemevba dgevm|v g dlbaameomt bdjeo fmcgd~bdz bef tvbvm dbpbdjvz vg fmajym~ p}najd oggft ,vlm

abvvm~ jeda}fjeo! g~ m|bcpam! tbmvz bef tmd}~jvz! mcpagzcmev gppg~v}ejvjmt! lg}tjeo! vlm ~}am g abw!lmbavldb~m bef tg ge*% Vlmtm dlbaameomt b~m bcpajjmf je vlm tmdvjget vlbv fmba wjvl tm~yjdm fmajym~z!

jevm~ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget bef pgym~vz ~mf}dvjge% Vlm jtt}m g jedglm~medm nmvwmme v~bfjvjgeba!

jeg~cba bef g~cba jetvjv}vjget bt wmaa bt vlm dgetv~bjevt p~mtmevmf nz vljt vg vlm gym~baa ebvjge#

n}jafjeo p~ghmdv b~m db~m}aaz m|pag~mf bef m|bcjemf%

Vg w~jvm b nggk vlbv fmbat wjvl dlbaameomt bef p~gtpmdvt g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge jt b fjjd}av

mevm~p~jtm egv geaz nmdb}tm g vlm ybtvemtt bef dgcpam|jvz g vlm t}nhmdv n}v batg nmdb}tm g vlm

fjjd}avjmt je jefjeo vlm ~jolv ~mojtvm~ wjvl wljdl vg dgeymz vlm dgcpam|jvz; vlm~m b~m fjym~tm jtt}mt vg

dgym~! tgcm g wljdl cbz egv zmv nm ~jpm g~ tdlgab~az tzegptjt% Vlm nggk emdmttb~jaz ambymt g}v cbez

jcpg~vbev vgpjdt! jeda}fjeo vlm ym~z jcpg~vbev ljtvg~jdba r}mtvjget g ebvjge tvbvm g~cbvjge! bef lgwvlm tvbvm lbt wg~kmf vg fmjem vlm cmbejeo g nmjeo Tg}vl B~jdbe bef je tg fgjeo dgetv~}dvmf be

jfmevjvz g~ jvtma% Emym~vlmamtt! vlm nggk gd}tmt ge b mw tmamdvmf vgpjdt! wljdl b~m kmz vg vlm cbefbvm

bef bomefb g vlm emw bfcjejtv~bvjge% P~gcjemev bcgeo vlmc b~m vlm jtt}mt g vlm fmymagpcmevba

tvbvm! ~}~ba fmymagpcmev! tgdjg#mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev! bef tm~yjdm fmajym~z%

Bt dbpv}~mf nz Cb~k Omyjttm~ je be mttbz dgccjttjgemf g~ vlm Cbja ) O}b~fjbe ,2: Fmdmcnm~ >0000:*! tgcm g vlm }efbcmevba r}mtvjget bng}v vlm dlbaameomt g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge

vlbv fgcjebvm je vlm p}najd jevmaamdv}ba fjtdg}~tm! je vljt jevm~mtvjeo m~b je vlm ljtvg~z g Tg}vl B~jdb!

b~m bt gaagwt8 lgw wjaa vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge met}~m dgevje}jvz wljam bv vlm tbcm vjcm mmdvjeo

tgcm tlb~p bef c}dl#emmfmf dlbeomt je vlm dg}ev~zt pgajvjdba! mdgegcjd! tgdjba bef p}najdbfcjejtv~bvjge abeftdbpm7 _jaa vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge nm bnam vg tvmm~ mdgegcjd pgajdz vl~g}ol

vlm tv~bjvt g be jevm~ebvjgeba mdgegcjd d~jtjt wljam tvjaa cmmvjeo vlm emmft g be jed~mbtjeoaz m|pmdvbev

P~mibdm

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pgp}abdm7 Vlmtm r}mtvjget emdmttjvbvm ~jog~g}t jevmaamdv}ba meobomcmev% Jv jt je vljt dgevm|v vlbv jv

wbt fmmcmf emdmttb~z vg p}v vgomvlm~ c}avjfjtdjpajeb~z pm~tpmdvjymt je vlm g~c g vljt yga}cm vg

fmba wjvl tgcm g vlm r}mtvjget ~bjtmf bt pb~v g vlm p}najd fmnbvm ge vlm dlbaameomt bdjeo vlm X}cb

bfcjejtv~bvjge%

Vlm nggk p~ghmdvt yjmwt jevg vlm }v}~m bef m|pag~mt vlm ebv}~m bef tdgpm g ngvl vlm dlbaameomt bef

vlm p~gtpmdvt g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge! wjvl vlm jevmevjge g melbedjeo vlm jevmaamdv}ba fmpvl befyba}m g vlm fmnbvmt ge vlm t}nhmdv% Vljt dgaamdvjge g fjm~mev pm~tpmdvjymt! tmmkt vg tvj~ }p fmnbvm; jv jt

egv dgedm~emf wjvl n}jafjeo dgetmet}t! n}v ~bvlm~ wjvl tvjc}abvjeo vljekjeo! dlbaameojeo mev~medlmf

yjmwt bef pm~dmpvjget bef n~mbkjeo emw o~g}ef%

B egvm ge ogym~ecmev fmpb~vcmevt

Vlm bfymev g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge }tlm~mf je emw bef ~mebcmf ogym~ecmev cjejtv~jmt bef

fmpb~vcmevt! bt gaagwt8

Ig~cm~ Emw

Fmpb~vcmev g Bo~jd}av}~m Fmpb~vcmev g Bo~jd}av}~m! Ig~mtv~z bef Ijtlm~jmt

Fmpb~vcmev g Abef Bibj~t Fmpb~vcmev g }~ba Fmymagpcmev bef Abef mg~c

Fmpb~vcmev g P~gyjedjba bef Agdba Ogym~ecmev Fmpb~vcmev g Dggpm~bvjym Ogym~ebedm bef

V~bfjvjgeba Bibj~t

Fmpb~vcmev g Lg}tjeo Fmpb~vcmev g L}cbe Tmvvamcmev

Fmpb~vcmev g _bvm~ Bibj~t bef Ig~mtv~z Fmpb~vcmev g _bvm~ bef Meyj~gecmevba Bibj~t

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BED B~jdbe Ebvjgeba Dgeo~mttBED_A B~jdbe Ebvjgeba Dgeo~mtt _gcmet Ambo}m

BEDZA B~jdbe Ebvjgeba Dgeo~mtt Zg}vl Ambo}m

BTF bavm~ebvjym tm~yjdm fmajym~z

BTOJTB Bddmam~bvmf bef Tlb~mf O~gwvl Jejvjbvjym g~ Tg}vl B~jdb

NMM nabdk mdgegcjd mcpgwm~cmev

D20 B~jdbe Dgccjvvmm g 20

DNG dgcc}ejvz#nbtmf g~obejtbvjge

DGPM Dgeo~mtt g vlm Pmgpam

DGTBV] Dgeo~mtt g Tg}vl B~jdbe V~bfm ]ejget

FIJ fmymagpcmev }efjeo jetvjv}vjgeFAB Fmpb~vcmev g Abef Bbj~t

FgB Fmpb~vcmev g Bo~jd}av}~m

FP_ Fmpb~vcmev g P}najd _g~kt

FVJ Fmpb~vcmev g V~bfm bef Jef}tv~z

MP_P M|vmefmf P}najd _g~kt P~go~bccm

OFP o~gtt fgcmtvjd p~gf}dv

OMB^ O~gwvl! Mcpagzcmev bef ^mfjtv~jn}vjge tv~bvmoz

OIGB Ogym~ecmev Ijebedm Gjdm~t Bttgdjbvjge

JFP Jevmo~bvmf Fmymagpcmev Pabeejeo

JCI Jevm~ebvjgeba Cgemvb~z I}ef

JT^FP Jevmo~bvmf T}tvbjebnam ^}~ba Fmymagpcmev P~go~bccmA^BF Abef mfjtv~jn}vjge g~ Bo~jd}av}~ba Fmymagpcmev

CFO Cjaameej}c Fmymagpcmev Ogba

CMD Cmcnm~ g vlm M|md}vjym Dg}edja

CJECMD [Dgccjvvmm gS Cjejtvm~t bef Cmcnm~t g vlm M|md}vjym Dg}edja

CPDD c}avj#p}~pgtm dgcc}ejvz dmev~m

EF^ ebvjgeba fmcgd~bvjd ~myga}vjge

EMPBF Emw Pb~vem~tljp g~ B~jdbt Fmymagpcmev

EOG ege#ogym~ecmevba g~obejtbvjge

PBABCB P}najd Bfcjejtv~bvjge Ambfm~tljp bef Cbebomcmev Bdbfmcz

PICB P}najd Ijebedm Cbebomcmev BdvPPP p}najdp~jybvm pb~vem~tljp

PTD P}najd Tm~yjdm Dgccjttjge

^FP ^mdgetv~}dvjge bef Fmymagpcmev P~go~bccm

TBDP Tg}vl B~jdbe Dgcc}ejtv Pb~vz

TBCFJ Tg}vl B~jdbe Cbebomcmev Fmymagpcmev Jetvjv}vm

TCCM tcbaa! cmfj}c bef cjd~g mevm~p~jtm

TTFC tlb~mf tm~yjdm fmajym~z cgfma

]E ]ejvmf Ebvjget

]T ]ejvmf Tvbvmt

]TB ]ejvmf Tvbvmt g Bcm~jdbZDA Zg}eo Dgcc}ejtv Ambo}m

Bnn~myjbvjget bef bd~gezct

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q 2

Kwbefjwm Kgefag

Dlbpvm~ 2

Jev~gf}dvjge8 pgajvjdba befogym~ebedm dlbaameomt

Jt vlm emw bfcjejtv~bvjge je b dbvdl#>> tjv}bvjge7

Vlm bfcjejtv~bvjge g Hbdgn X}cb dbcm vg pgwm~ je Cbz >00:! gaagwjeo vlm yjdvg~z g vlm B~jdbe

Ebvjgeba Dgeo~mtt ,BED* je vlm g}~vl fmcgd~bvjd mamdvjget je Tg}vl B~jdb% Jv dg}af nm b~o}mf vlbv

tgcmvljeo bcg}evjeo vg b dbvdl#>> tjv}bvjge cbz tgge bdm vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge je cg~m fj~mdv

wbzt vlbe wbt vlm dbtm g~ p~myjg}t bfcjejtv~bvjget% Vljt wjaa b~jtm ~gc vlm dlbaameom g nbabedjeo

amojvjcbdz wjvl mmdvjymemtt je vlm ogym~ebedm g vlm dg}ev~z% Vlm pgp}ab~ m|pmdvbvjget bef fmcbeft

g~ jcp~gymf fmajym~z ge vlm pb~v g vlm tvbvm b~m b fmcbef g~ mmdvjymemtt; wjvlg}v mmdvjymemtt!

vlm amojvjcbdz g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge tvbeft vg fmdajem% _jvl fmdajejeo amojvjcbdz! vlm emw

bfcjejtv~bvjge wjaa }~vlm~ agtm mmdvjymemtt; bef tg ge je b fgwewb~f tpj~ba% Vlm dlb~bdvm~ g vljt

dlbaameom vg vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge dbeegv nm fjyg~dmf ~gc vlm pgajvjdba dlb~bdvm~ g X}cbt yjdvg~z%

I~gc vlm Pgagkwbem cgcmev ,Ijkmej >00:* vg vlm >> Bp~ja >00: mamdvjget bef vg vlm ]ejge N}jafjeot!vlm pgajvjdba dlb~bdvm~ g X}cbt yjdvg~z bef vlm ageo#vm~c jcpbdv jv jt ajkmaz vg lbym je vlm fmmpmejeo

g fmcgd~bdz je Tg}vl B~jdb! dgevje}mt vg omem~bvm fmnbvm% Jv mcngfjmt be }edm~vbje lgpm! bt jv ngvl

}etmvvamt bef jetpj~mt vlm wjaa g b fjyjfmf pgajvz% Vlm pgajvjdba yjdvg~z g X}cb jt wlbv D~jvdlamz,>009*!

r}gvjeo Fm~~jfb! wg}af vm~c b cmttjbejd b p~jg~j; jv jt b p~gcjtm vg vlm cbttmt g vlm pgg~! myme j jv

emym~ fmjemf jvtma bt t}dl% Vlm pgp}ab~ m|pmdvbvjge vlbv b emw v~betjvjge bef dlbeom jt ge vlm db~ft

jeygkmt vlm pm~g~cbvjym fjcmetjge g vlm p~gcjtm mcnmffmf je X}cbt pgajvjdba yjdvg~z! mtpmdjbaaz

bvm~ 2= zmb~t g fjtbppgjevmf pgp}ab~ m|pmdvbvjget% Dlbeom g~ v~betjvjge! vlg}ol! jt }t}baaz jeybfmf

nz vlbv wljdl jv jt egv je vlm tbcm wbz vlbv vlm jeybtjge g nmjeo nz ege#nmjeo gdd}~t je vlm dgcjeo

jevg nmjeo ,Kjm~kmobb~f >00:*% Zmv vlm~m jt lgpm myme nmzgef vlm p~gcjtm g }vgpjb%

Bv vlm lmb~v g X}cbt yjdvg~z jt vlm p~gcjtm g bef lgpm g~ jcp~gymf tm~yjdm fmajym~z vg vlm cbttmt gvlm pgg~; vlm lgpm vg lbym vlm ygjdmt g g~fjeb~z pmgpam lmb~f je cg~m cmbejeo}a wbzt vlbe nmg~m

je vlm ogym~ebedm g vlm dg}ev~z; bef vlm lgpm g~ p~g#pgg~ mdgegcjd pgajdz bt jcpajmf nz vlm jfmb

g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Bffmf vg vljt jt vlm lgpm g omvvjeo vlm wlmmat g ogym~ecmev vg cgym

btvm~! dglm~mevaz bef mmdvjymaz% Zmv vlm dlbaameom g vlm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm bef wlbv

jv wjaa vbkm vg jcp~gym jv tg vlbv jv fmajym~t ge vlm mamdvg~ba p~gcjtmt g vlm BED! tvbeft bt be gntvbdam

vg vlm fmajym~z g p}najd oggft; pm~lbpt jv jt vlm emdmttb~z bevjfgvm vg cmttjbejd m|pmdvbvjget g

~myga}vjgeb~z dlbeom meomefm~mf nz vlm ~lmvg~jd g vlm ~}ajeo pb~vz%

Vlm dbvdl#>> tjv}bvjge g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge jt vzpjdba g vlm tjv}bvjge je zg}eo fmcgd~bdjmt%

Abdkjeo amojvjcbdz vlmz dbeegv nmdgcm mmdvjym; abdkjeo mmdvjymemtt vlmz dbeegv fmymagpamojvjcbdz ,L}evjeovge 2::48 >=00


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> qVlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge8 d~jvjdba dlbaameomt

Tg}vl B~jdb bt be jetvbedm g fmjdjv je jfmbvjgeba dbpbdjvz ,Tg}vlbaa >00?8 2:*! vlbv jt! vlm fmo~mm vg

wljdl vlm mcnmffmfemtt bef amojvjcbdz g vlm tvbvm je tvbvm jetvjv}vjget! pgajvjdba p~bdvjdmt bef jfmbt

g jefjyjf}ba cmcnm~t g tgdjmvz b~m m~gfmf g~ abdkjeo%

Tvbvm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz bef pm~g~cbedm b~m d~jvjdba vg n}jafjeo bef melbedjeo vlm d~mfjnjajvz

bef amojvjcbdz g vlm tvbvm% Je Tg}vl B~jdb vlm dlbaameom b~jtmt! j~tv! bv pgajdz amyma% Vlm bdv vlbv

vlm obp nmvwmme vlm vjcm g pgajdz g~c}abvjge bef vlbv g bdv}ba jcpamcmevbvjge jt ybtv! bef vlbvvlm fjth}edv}~m nmvwmme vlm pgajdz vbak bef pgajdz bdvjge jt g o~mbv cboejv}fm! d~mbvmt b tvbvm g

ege#tjc}avbemg}t tjc}avbemjvz ,Nmelbnjn 2::68 2>:; Nagdk 2:?4*! wlm~m vlm pgajdz t}pm~tv~}dv}~mt

bef p~bdvjdmt vlmz meomefm~ b~m ege#tzedl~geg}t bef vl}t dgetvjv}vm b bjajeo v~betg~cbvjym p~b|jt%

Pgajdz p~geg}edmcmevt bef g~c}abvjget! vlg}ol oggf ge pbpm~! fg egv jef tjc}avbemg}t m|p~mttjge

je vlm ~mba p~bdvjdmt g ogym~ebedm% Vljt jt b kmz ogym~ebedm dlbaameom g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge%

Bt vlm obp nmvwmme kegwjeo bef fgjeo pm~tjtvt bef nmdgcmt cg~m fjjd}av vg n~jfom! dg~~}pvjge!

wljdl lbt egw nmdgcm tg pm~ybtjym je vlm Tg}vl B~jdbe pgajvz! o~gwt jevg b pm~cbemev }efm~wg~af

g fmcgd~bdz% Dg~~}pvjge jt vlm bevjvlmtjt g oggf ogym~ebedm bef jea}medmt pm~dmpvjget g vlm

omem~ba djvjxme~z bng}v vlm amojvjcbdz g vlm ogym~ecmev ,Dbcm~m~ 2::?*% J vlmtm kjeft g jebfmr}bdjmt

dgevje}m! jv jt lb~f vg tmm lgw ~lmvg~jdba dabjct g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bef vlm p~gcjtmt vg fmajym~ ge

abef ~mg~c! bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge bef ~}~ba fmymagpcmev jtt}mt vlbv Dlbpvm~t > bef 4 m|bcjem je

fmvbja wjaa nm ~mbajtmf je p~bdvjdm% mdgejo}~jeo Dbnjemv bef mtvbnajtljeo b emw pabeejeo cjejtv~z je

vlm P~mtjfmedz! bt ba~mbfz fgem nz vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge! b~m baa oggf tjoet n}v vlmz fg egv bcg}ev

vg mmdvjym bdvjget% Jv jt egv meg}ol vg lbym oggf jevmevjget; jv geaz cbkmt cbvm~jba fjm~medm vg

cmbe wmaa bef batg bdv wmaa%

Tmyjdm fmajym~z jt damb~az vlm dlbaameom g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge% Omvvjeo ogym~ecmev fmpb~vcmevt

vg }edvjge je be jevmo~bvmf bef dglm~mev wbz jt ogjeo vg nm egvljeo amtt vlbe b ejolvcb~m g~ vlm

X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge! nmdb}tm vlm p~gnamc jt b~o}bnaz egv gem g tv~}dv}~mt geaz n}v batg g mvlgt

bef vlm jevmo~jvz g tvbvm jetvjv}vjget% Ig~ vljt ~mbtge! vlm yga}cm jeda}fmt b gd}t ge p}najd tm~yjdmfmajym~z jtt}mt g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge ,Dlbpvm~ 6*; ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget je b cbv}~jeo Tg}vl

B~jdbe fmcgd~bdz ,Dlbpvm~ =*; bef tgdjg#mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev bef pgym~vz ~mf}dvjge je Tg}vl

B~jdb ,Dlbpvm~ 9*%

Jtt}mt g pm~dmpvjget bef vlm bpp~gp~jbvmemtt g jetvjv}vjgeba cgfmat! myme vlg}ol egv bfmr}bvmaz

dgym~mf je vlm nggk! b~m ym~z jcpg~vbev% Vlm r}mtvjget je vljt ~mob~f b~m bt gaagwt8 b~m m|jtvjeo tvbvm

jetvjv}vjgeba cgfmat bpp~gp~jbvm vg fmajym~ ge vlmj~ cbefbvmt bef fg vlmz d~mbvm ~ggc g~ cmbejeo}a

djvjxme pb~vjdjpbvjge7 B~m vlm jetvjv}vjget g vlm tvbvm pm~dmjymf vg nm tm~yjeo baa djvjxmet! j~~mtpmdvjym g

pb~vz pgajvjdba tv~jpmt bef g~jmevbvjge! g~ b~m vlmz pm~dmjymf bt byg}~jeo! myme j jebfym~vmevaz! tpmdjba

jevm~mtv o~g}pt bef dgetvjv}medjmt tg bt vg lmap ~mjeymev bef ~mp~gf}dm vlm pgwm~ bef lmomcgejdp~ghmdv g vlm ~}ajeo pb~vz7 Vlm fmjdjv je Tg}vl B~jdbt fmcgd~bdz! b pm~tjtvmev pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm

dlbaameom g p~myjg}t fmcgd~bvjd bfcjejtv~bvjget! jt jebfmr}bvm fmajym~z g cbvm~jba jcp~gymcmevt je

vlm ajymt g vlm cbhg~jvz g djvjxmet% Vljt fmjdjv jt m|bdm~nbvmf nz jebfmr}bdjmt je ~mtpgefjeo vg vlm

p~mm~medmt g djvjxmet bv o~btt~ggvt amyma! f}m vg vlm obp vlbv lbt fmymagpmf nmvwmme vlgtm wlg dbe

cbkm vlmj~ ygjdmt lmb~f bef vlgtm wlg dbeegv ,m|dmpv }efm~ tjv}bvjget g egvjdmbnam cbtt p~gvmtv*%

Vlm fmo~mm g jevm~bdvjge nmvwmme vlm ogym~ecmev bef djvjxmet! vlm amyma g bddmtt vg fmdjtjge#

cbkm~t bef fmdjtjge#cbkjeo nz djvjxmet bv o~btt~ggvt amyma! mtpmdjbaaz vlgtm g}vtjfm }~nbe dmev~mt! jt

b dlbaameom vg vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge%

Pm~lbpt vlm~m jt b emmf! bv vljt pgjev! vg ~bcm vlm wjfm~ vlmg~mvjdba bef pgajvjdba dgevm|v% Bcgeo

vlm kmz r}mtvjget gem emmft vg btk! bt b tvb~vjeo pgjev! jt vlm gaagwjeo8 wlbv b~m vlm kmz pgajvjdba

bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt bdjeo fmcgd~bdjmt je vlm wg~af vgfbz7 Vlm r}mtvjge jt pm~vjemev vg b

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Jev~gf}dvjge8 pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt q 4

zg}eo fmcgd~bdz ajkm Tg}vl B~jdb je vljt fbz bef bom! bt vlm~m b~m o~gwjeo dgedm~et! wg~afwjfm!

bng}v vlm bvm g vlm wg~aft zg}eo fmcgd~bdjmt ,Kbptvmje ) Dgeym~tm >0000: mamdvjge cbejmtvg ,BED >00:* bef je vlm Tvbvm g vlm Ebvjge bff~mtt nz

P~mtjfmev X}cb ge 6 H}em >00: ,X}cb >00:*% Vlm dlbpvm~t dgym~ tmamdvmf n}v d~jvjdbaaz jcpg~vbev

jtt}mt t}dl bt vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm; abef! bo~b~jbe ~mg~c bef ~}~ba fmymagpcmev; tm~yjdm fmajym~z;

ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget; bef tgdjg#mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev bef pgym~vz ~mf}dvjge% Vlm p~mtmev dlbpvm~

n~gbfaz tkmvdlmt vlm pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt bdmf nz fmcgd~bdjmt je vgfbzt wg~af bef

tlgwt lgw vlm dlbaameomt vlmz jcpaz vg}dl ge pm~meejba r}mtvjget ~}eejeo vl~g}ol vlm ymjet g

Tg}vl B~jdbt fmcgd~bdz%

Fmcgd~bvjd pm~ig~cbedm bef tvbvm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz

Tvbvm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz ~mm~t vg vlm bybjabnjajvz g yb~jg}t emdmttb~z jep}vt bef bpp~gp~jbvm

tkjaat g~ gpm~bvjgebajtjeo tvbvm p~go~bccmt ,Dlj~bw} >0068 >46*! je g~fm~ vg fmajym~ yba}bnam p}najd

oggft! wljdl djvjxmet lbym vlm ~jolv vg m|pmdv ~gc b amojvjcbvm tvbvm ,^gvnm~o ) Ojttmar}jtv >00000000


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6 qVlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge8 d~jvjdba dlbaameomt

tvbvmt! wbt ~mob~fmf bt cb~kjeo vlm nj~vl g emw lgpm bef b ~memwba g vlm ajnm~ba fmcgd~bvjd p~ghmdv%

Vlm vlj~f wbym g fmcgd~bdz ,L}evjeovge 2::4*! pgtv#2::0! dgej~cmf vljt jv wbt fgcjebvmf nz

jetjtvmedm ge vlm cjejcbajtv tvbvm! bef amtt jevm~ymevjge je vlm ~mm cb~kmv% _jvl vlm ~mdmev ~mv}~e

g ljtvg~z! ajnm~ba fmcgd~bdz bef ~mm cb~kmv }efbcmevbajtc tmmc vg nm ogjeo vl~g}ol b pm~jgf g

tv~mtt% Nz >00

tv~}ooajeo vg dgetgajfbvm g~ ~mym~vjeo vg b}vlg~jvb~jbejtc ,Kbptvmje ) Dgeym~tm >00009*! Vlbjabef ,>009* bef Nbeoabfmtl ,>00?*!

wlm~m dg}pt fvbv gdd}~~mf ,Kbptvmje ) Dgeym~tm >0000000000?*%

Fmcgd~bvjd jetvjv}vjget b~m }aaz mtvbnajtlmf je cbez fmcgd~bvjd tvbvmt n}v b n~gbf b~~bz g tgdjmvba

~mtg}~dmt ~mr}j~mf vg met}~m dgev~ga bef pb~vjdjpbvjge ~gc nmagw b~m abdkjeo% Pb}a Ojetng~o ,>0000?8 j|jj* fmtd~jnm vlm dlbaameom bt vlbv g vlm fmcgd~bvjxbvjge g

fmcgd~bdz! wljdl egv geaz cmbet wjfmejeo vlm tgdjba nbtjt g fmcgd~bdz bef met}~jeo jvt ~mtgebedmwjvl vlm btpj~bvjget g vlm cbhg~jvz g djvjxmet; n}v batg! d~jvjdbaaz! lgw emw dgcpamcmevb~jvjmt g~

b~vjd}abvjget nmvwmme pb~vjdjpbvg~z fmcgd~bdz bef ~mp~mtmevbvjym fmcgd~bdz b~m jfmevjjmf bef

melbedmf je fmcgd~bvjd p~bdvjdm%

Vlm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm jt cg~m vlbe b cbvvm~ g bpp~gp~jbvm tkjaat% Jv jeygaymt vlm

g~jmevbvjge g ogym~ebedm; lgw ogym~ebedm dgcmt bd~gtt bef jt mav nz g~fjeb~z djvjxmet; djvjxme

pb~vjdjpbvjge; bef b ~bvjgeba n}~mb}d~bdz! wljdl jt mmdvjym bef mjdjmev je vlm fmajym~z g p}najd

oggft% Vlm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm fmcgd~bvjd tvbvm jt vlm~mg~m d~}djba vg fmcgd~bvjd pm~g~cbedm%

Je vlm dgevm|v g emg#ajnm~ba fmcgd~bdz! vlm dg~~mtpgefjeo vzpmt g fmcgd~bvjd jetvjv}vjget lbym geaz

met}~mf vlm g~cbajtc g fmcgd~bvjd p~gdmttmt wjvlg}v fmajym~jeo vlm dged~mvm! cbvm~jba fjyjfmeft g

fmcgd~bdz vg vlm cbhg~jvz% Vljt tjv}bvjge! bddg~fjeo vg Ybe Nmmk! je Mbtv Om~cbez! Pgabef bef Tg}vl

B~jdb! lbt amf vg vlm ~jtjeo plmegcmege g fjttbvjtjmf fmcgd~bvt; b tjv}bvjge wlm~m vlm t}ppg~v g~

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Jev~gf}dvjge8 pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt q =

fmcgd~bdz bt be jfmba jt dg}evm~ybjamf nz vlm emobvjym myba}bvjge g lgw jv wg~kt ge vlm o~g}ef ,Ybe

Nmmk >009*%

Vlm~m jt be mcm~ojeo yjmw vlbv je vlm dbtm g vlm ]TB vlm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm lbt nmme

na}evmf bef dgcp~gcjtmf nz njo n}tjemtt ,^mjdl >00:*% Vljt n~jeot je begvlm~ pm~tpmdvjym bng}v

jeljnjvg~t bef mebnam~t vg vlm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz g tvbvmt% Vlmtm b~m fm~jymf ~gc vlmj~ agdbvjge

je vlm jevm~ebvjgeba dgevm|v% Vljt jt b bdvg~ vlbv! bddg~fjeo vg Ybe Nmmk! cbkmt tg}ef mdgegcjdpgajdjmt bef pgajdz jcpamcmevbvjge bagem egv meg}ol vg met}~m tbvjtbdvg~z pm~g~cbedm ,>0098 >:*%

Vlm jedmevjymt p~gyjfmf nz vlm m|jtvjeo tv~}dv}~m g vlm oagnba pgajvjdba mdgegcz b~m b d~}djba bdvg~

wjvlg}v wljdl fmcgd~bdjmt cbz tvbef g~ baa; bef lmedm Kbptvmje bef Dgeym~tm dg~~mdvaz b~o}m vlbv

vlm jevm~ebvjgeba meyj~gecmev pabzt b cg~m jcpg~vbev ~gam vlbe jt dgccgeaz bpp~mdjbvmf ,>0000009*% Lmedm! vlm jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm fmcgd~bvjd tvbvm mebnamf bef b}ocmevmf nz b

tma#g~obejtjeo djyja tgdjmvz! jefmpmefmev g vlm tvbvm bef jvt pgajvjdba pb~vjmt jt yjvba je bff~mttjeo vlm

dlbaameomt% Lmaam~ bef Jtbbd! ~mm~~jeo vg vlm m|pm~jmedm g Jefjb! batg jefjdbvm vlbv b ~mm bef ajymaz djyja

tgdjmvz cbkmt vlm tvbvm bef jvt bomevt cg~m bddg}evbnam nz o}b~bevmmjeo vlbv dget}avbvjge vbkmt pabdm

egv h}tv vl~g}ol mamdvg~ba ~mp~mtmevbvjge ,pm~jgfjd cbefbvmt* n}v batg vl~g}ol dgetvbev mmfnbdk bef

emogvjbvjget ,>00?8 6000006* m|pabje vlm

tg}vlm~e B~jdbe dgevm|v vlm jccmfjbvm dgevm|v g vlm Tg}vl B~jdbe fmcgd~bvjtbvjge p~ghmdv! je

gvlm~ wg~ft! vlm dgevm|v dagtmtv vg bef cgtv fmjejvjym g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge bt egv geaz

gem wlm~m vlm dgevjemevt cjffam#jedgcm dg}ev~jmt b~m dgedmev~bvmf! n}v batg wlm~m vlm p~ghmdv g

pm~cbemev wljvm tmvvam~ dgcc}ejvjmt lbt cmbev vlbv ogym~ebedm ~mojcmt amojvjcjtm vlm jemr}bajvjmt

bttgdjbvmf wjvl vlm dgagejba tztvmc ,Gagw} ) C}kwmeb >0068 ?*% Vlmz b~o}m vlbv jv jt egv t}~p~jtjeovlbv je tg}vlm~e B~jdb vlm~m jt tm~jg}t fmnbvm ge jtt}mt t}dl bt vlm ~mfjtv~jn}vjge g abef% Dlbpvm~ 4

g vljt yga}cm! je wljdl Cbzmefm bebaztmt vlm abvmtv pgajdz tljv ge bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge je Tg}vl

B~jdb! ljvt vlm ym~z em~ym g vljt jtt}m vg tlgw vlm dgetv~bjevt bef pgttjnjajvjmt p~mtmevmf vg vlm X}cb

bfcjejtv~bvjge je vlm b~mbt g abef ~mg~c! bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge bef ~}~ba fmymagpcmev%

Bv vlm lmb~v g B~jdbt dlbaameomt vg fmcgd~bvjd dgetgajfbvjge jt vlm p~gnamc g ~bocmevmf jetvjv}vjget

,Nm~cbe mv ba% >006*% Je pb~v f}m vg vlm cbeem~ je wljdl vlm pgtv#dgagejba B~jdbe tvbvm wbt g~cmf!

g~cba bef jeg~cba jetvjv}vjget lbym egv mygaymf je b dglm~mev cbeem~% Ig~cba jetvjv}vjget ,tvbvm

tpgetg~mf! cgtvaz jelm~jvmf ~gc dgagejbajtc*! v~bfjvjgeba jetvjv}vjget bef jeg~cba jetvjv}vjget! nbtmf

ge tgdjmvba eg~ct bef gvme yb~zjeo bddg~fjeo vg ~majojge! mvlejd jfmevjvz bef cgfm g p~gf}dvjge!

~mcbje ~bocmevmf bef jedglm~mev fmtpjvm gym~ g}~ fmdbfmt g mg~vt bv jetvjv}vjge n}jafjeo ,LT^D

) PT] >00:*% Vlm p~gnamc m|jtvt egv geaz je gvlm~ pb~vt g vlm B~jdbe dgevjemev! n}v batg je Tg}vl

B~jdb jvtma%

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Je Dlbpvm~ =! ge ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget je b cbv}~jeo Tg}vl B~jdbe fmcgd~bdz! Cmaag mcplbtjtmt

vlm dlbaameom g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge ~mp~mtmevmf nz vlm fjtvbedm ngvl omgo~bpljdba bef

gvlm~ nmvwmme ogym~ecmev bef vlm cg~m v~bfjvjgeba! ~}~ba dgcc}ejvjmt je Tg}vl B~jdb% Vlm dlbpvm~

vg}dlmt ge vlm ~gam g v~bfjvjgeba ambfm~t bef b~o}mt vlbv vlmz b~m b cjttjeo ajek je jevm~ogym~ecmevba

~mabvjget% Cmaag b~o}mt8 Tjfmajejeo v~bfjvjgeba ambfm~t je ~}~ba b~mbt lbt p~gymf vg nm b p~gnamc je

Tg}vl B~jdb_lm~m v~bfjvjgeba ambfm~t b~m d}tvgfjbet g vlm abef wlm~m dgcc}ejvjmt ajym! vlm~m lbym

nmme fmymagpcmev dlbaameomt ~mt}avjeo ~gc fjtp}vmt nmvwmme dg}edjaag~t bef v~bfjvjgeba ambfm~t%Vl}t! b kmz dlbaameom g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge jt vg }~vlm~ g}vajem vlm ~mtpgetjnjajvjmt bef pgtjvjge

g v~bfjvjgeba ambfm~t je vlm jevm~ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget p}xxam%

B fmig~cmf ~mbajtbvjge gi vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm7

Jt Tg}vl B~jdb lmbfmf g~ b fmg~cmf ~mbajtbvjge g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm7 Vljt jt gem g vlm

r}mtvjget vg vljek bng}v! ojyme vlm bntmedm g b dgcnjebvjge g dgefjvjget d~jvjdba vg vlm ~mbajtbvjge

g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jeda}fjeo! bcgeo gvlm~t! be mjdjmev bef mmdvjym n}~mb}d~bdz vlbv dbe

fmajym~ ge jvt cbefbvm% Nmtjfmt vlbv! vl}t b~ pgajdz fj~mdvjge bef jcpamcmevbvjge tmmc egv vg lbym

g}ef dglm~medm bef ~mjemcmev }efm~ vlm emw p~mtjfmevjba ambfm~tljp% Jv jt! g dg}~tm! tvjaa mb~az! n}vbaa jefjdbvjget b~m vlbv vlm abeftdbpm g pgajdz ~mcbjet dlb~bdvm~jtmf ngvl nz b vmefmedz tvjaa vg fmnbvm

bef fjtd}tt }efbcmevba btt}cpvjget bef nz vlm ~mt}avjeo tvbamcbvm8 b dmev~ba vmetjge jt nmvwmme

dgedmpvjget g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bt gym~vaz p}tljeo b p~g#wg~kjeo#dabtt bomefb bt dgedmjymf nz

vlm Dgeo~mtt g Tg}vl B~jdbe V~bfm ]ejget bef dgedmpvjget g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm p~mcjtmf ge

vlm BEDt c}avj#dabtt p~ghmdv! b p~ghmdv vlbv jebfym~vmevaz p~gyjfmt ~m}om g~ majvm bcnjvjget%

Tg! J wg}af b~o}m! vlm ~mbajtbvjge g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm f}~jeo vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge jt ajkmaz

vg nm b fmg~cmf gem% Pm~lbpt vlm~m wjaa nm }tm}a amttget vg amb~e% B fmymagpcmevba tvbvm dbeegv nm

n}jav je b ~}tl; zg} batg fg egv tjcpaz p~gcjtm jv bef jv gdd}~t% Jv jt egv b p~gf}dv g tgcm gntd}~m vmbc

g pb~vz ptm}fg#jevmaamdv}bat! wlg kegw jv baa nmdb}tm vlmz b~m bdd~mfjvmf nz geaz gem ogf vlmj~ gwepb~vz% Je b fmmpaz fjyjfmf tgdjmvz t}dl bt Tg}vl B~jdb! vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm dbeegv nm vlm g}vdgcm

g vlm lmomcgejd p~ghmdv g b tjeoam pb~vz; jv dbe geaz nm vlm p~gf}dv g dgaamdvjym mg~vt g b }ejvmf

pgajvz ,~bvlm~ vlbe b ~bdv}~mf pgajvz* vlm dgaamdvjym wjaa g b pmgpam }ejvmf b~g}ef b tjeoam p}~pgtm%

Vlm cgfma bef cmdlbejdt g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm je Tg}vl B~jdb tmmc bv vljt tvbom pm~meejbaaz

fmnbvbnam wjvlje vlm ~}ajeo pb~vz jvtma! bef jv tmmct vlbv vlm jebajtbvjge g vlm ~mba cjd~gcmdlbejdt g

vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jt ajkmaz vg vbkm b ym~z ageo vjcm% Ijym zmb~t! vlme! jt egv meg}ol g~ P~mtjfmev

X}cb! vlm tge g Lgpm! vg fmajym~ ge ljt p~gcjtmt% Pb~v g vlm p~gnamc jt vlbv vlm~m jt egv zmv dab~jvz

bef dgetmet}t ge wlmvlm~ vlm egvjge g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm je Tg}vl B~jdb jt cmbev vg ~mpabdm

vlm O~gwvl! Mcpagzcmev bef mfjtv~jn}vjge tv~bvmoz ,OMB^* g~ wlmvlm~ vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm wjaa

g~c}abvm bef jcpamcmev pgajdjmt vlbv wjaa dg#m|jtv wjvl OMB^ ,Kbowbehb >00:8 |||yj*% Je Dlbpvm~ >!

Cbtm~}c}am m|bcjemt dgevmefjeo yjmwt je vljt ~mob~f wjvlje vlm V~jpb~vjvm Baajbedm%

Egemvlmamtt! vlm jfmb g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm tvbeft ym~z p~gcjemevaz je vlm ajtv g p~gcjtmt vlbv vlm

BED lbt cbfm bef dgevje}mt vg cbkm vg vlm cbhg~jvz g vlm pgg~ je Tg}vl B~jdb% Vljt dbe nm v~bdmf

nbdk vg vlm vjcm g vlm BED dgeo~mtt je Tvmaamengtdl je >00> bef jv objemf cgcmev}c je vlm BED

}p vg vlm vjcm g vlm Pgagkwbem ebvjgeba dgem~medm je Fmdmcnm~ >00? ,BED >00?b; >00?n*% Jv batg

bppmb~mf bt vlm dg~em~tvgem g vlm BEDt mamdvjge cbejmtvg f}~jeo vlm >00: omem~ba mamdvjget ,BED

>00:*% _lme X}cb fmajym~mf ljt Tvbvm g vlm Ebvjge bff~mtt ge 4 H}em >00:! lm batg cbfm ~mm~medm

vg b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bef vlm d~mbvjge g be mdgegcjdbaaz jeda}tjym tgdjmvz je Tg}vl B~jdb ,X}cb

>00:*%

Vg v~betg~c vlm jfmb g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jevg ~mbajvz! jv jt b~o}mf! vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge tvbeft

ge vlm p~mdjpjdm g lgpm; jv batg aggkt fgwe jevg vlm bnztt g fjtbppgjevmf pgp}ab~ m|pmdvbvjget!

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Jev~gf}dvjge8 pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt q ?

ojyme vlm pgttjnjajvz vlbv jv cbz fmajym~ b fmg~cmf fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% B fmg~cmf ~mbajtbvjge g vlm

fmymagpcmevba tvbvm cbz gdd}~ fmtpjvm vlm g~jmevbvjge bef g~obejtbvjge g vlm tvbvm bef jvt jetvjv}vjget%

Vlm mmdvjym dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm jetvjv}vjget! vlm dglm~mev }edvjgejeo bef g~obejtbvjge g tvbvm

jetvjv}vjget! bef vlmj~ ~mabvjgetljp wjvl ege#tvbvm jetvjv}vjget bef bdvg~t! bt wmaa bt vlm pb~vjdjpbvg~z

ebv}~m g ogym~ebedm! wlme baa bffmf vgomvlm~ tm~ym bt d~jvjdba btpmdvt g vlm ~mbajtbvjge g vlm jfmb

g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm%

Dlbpvm~t > bef 4 vbkm vlm fmnbvm myme }~vlm~% Vlmz ngvl tvb~v nz meobojeo vlm dgedmpv}ba g}efbvjget

g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! vg m|pag~m vlm yb~jg}t cmbejeot bvvbdlmf vg jv% Vlm r}mtvjge g vlm

jetvjv}vjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm! cgtv jcpg~vbevaz vlm ebv}~m g vlm jevm~bdm nmvwmme bfcjejtv~bvg~t

bef pgajvjdjbet! mcm~omt je vlmj~ fjtd}ttjget bt kmz vg vlm ~mbajtbvjge g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Je be

b~vjdam mevjvamf Dgeajdvt nmvwmme Fj~mdvg~t#Omem~ba bef Cjejtvm~t je Tg}vl B~jdb8 B Pgtv}abvjym

Bpp~gbdl! Cbtm~}c}am ,>00?* tztvmcbvjdbaaz m|bcjemt vljt dlbaameom f}~jeo vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge

bef gntm~ymt vlbv jvt ~mr}mev gdd}~~medm bv vlm pgajvjdbabfcjejtv~bvjym jevm~bdm jcpbdvmf emobvjymaz

ge vlm tvbvmt dbpbdjvz vg fmajym~ tm~yjdmt vg vlm djvjxme~z% Dgeajdvt bv vlm pgajvjdbabfcjejtv~bvjym

jevm~bdm pgtm b dlbaameom vg mg~vt bjcmf bv n}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Cbtm~}c}am ,>00?*

b~o}mt vlbv t}dl dgeajdvt b~m gddbtjgemf nz dgev~bfjdvjget je vlm pgajdjmt g~c}abvmf vg tm~ym bt

~bcmwg~k g~ vlm cbebomcmev g vlm p}najd tm~yjdm%

Je vlm dbtm g abef ~mg~c! bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge bef ~}~ba fmymagpcmev! je Dlbpvm~ 4 Cbzmefm

mcplbtjtmt vlm jcpg~vbedm g gd}tmf pgajvjdba ambfm~tljp bef dlbcpjgetljp g ~}~ba fmymagpcmev

bef bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge vg melbedm dgg~fjebvjge! met}~m cg~m mjdjmev ~mtg}~dm baagdbvjge!

bef tlb~pme cbebomcmev gd}t ge kmz fmajym~bnamt% M|jtvjeo tlg~vdgcjeot ~mamybev vg vlm jmaf g

jcpamcmevbvjge m%o% dbpbdjvz wjvlje vlm da}tvm~ g ogym~ecmev fmpb~vcmevt vlbv lbym ~}~ba#~mabvmf

~mtpgetjnjajvjmt! bef vlm emmf g~ vlm tvbvm vg baagdbvm tjoejjdbev bcg}evt g ~mtg}~dmt vg v~bjejeo

bef dbpbdjvz#n}jafjeo p~go~bccmt b~m tgcm g vlm jtt}mt vlbv Cbzmefm m|bcjemt je ljt dlbpvm~%

Lm b~o}mt vlbv vlm fmymagpcmev g dbpbdjvz je kmz b~mbt t}dl bt p~ghmdv cbebomcmev! bo~jd}av}~ba

mdgegcjdt! m|vmetjge! ~}~ba jebedm bef cb~kmvjeo tztvmct wjaa lmap jcp~gym mjdjmedjmt je p~go~bccmbef p~ghmdv fmajym~z% Bv b cjd~g amyma! dbpbdjvz n}jafjeo tlg}af batg nm bppajmf vg vlm d~}djba amyma g

m|vmetjge gjdm~t bef dgcc}ejvz fmymagpcmev wg~km~t! bt vlm o~btt~ggvt#amyma dbf~mt wlg wg}af

jevm~bdm dagtmaz wjvl vlm p~gf}dm~t%

Vlm dlbaameom gi jevm~ogym~ecmevba dgg~fjebvjgebef vlm d~jtjt gi tm~yjdm fmajym~z

Je Tg}vl B~jdb! bt je cbez pgtv#dgagejba tjv}bvjget! vlm tvbvm bvm~ jefmpmefmedm wbt bt jv wbt jelm~jvmf

~gc vlm dgagejba bef bpb~vlmjf ~mojcmt% C}dl g vlm }edvjgejeo b~dljvmdv}~m g vlm p~myjg}ttvbvm wbt kmpv jevbdv bef o~bf}baaz bcmefmf! gaagwjeo vlm ~mdgccmefbvjget g p}najd tm~yjdm

~myjmw dgccjttjget vlbv vggk pabdm f}~jeo vlm Cbefmab bef Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjget% Fmtpjvm t}dl

bcmefcmevt! jv dbe nm b~o}mf vlbv vlm d}av}~m bef mvlgt je vlm fbz#vg#fbz ~}eejeo g ogym~ecmev

n}tjemtt lbt lb~faz dlbeomf% Nmg~m gem myme vbakt g jevm~ogym~ecmevba dgg~fjebvjge ,j%m% nmvwmme

ogym~ecmevba ngfjmt*! vlm~m c}tv nm jev~bogym~ecmevba jevmo~jvz% Je bdv! vlm bevl~gpgagoz g vlm

tvbvm! g p~gmttjgeba d}av}~mt! g bfcjejtv~bvjym dgef}jvt! bef g vlm mvljdt g vlm p}najd tm~yjdm jt

b wlgam b~mb g ~mtmb~dl vlbv dg}af jeg~c bef tv~meovlme pgajdz f}~jeo vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge

,Na}efg ) Gajyjm~ fm Tb~fbe >009*%

^mdmevaz! c}dl g vlm b~dljvmdv}~m g vlm tvbvm lbt nmme ~mdgejo}~mf bef b emw g~jmevbvjge je vlm

g~obejtbvjge g ebvjgeba bef p~gyjedjba fmpb~vcmevt lbt mcm~omf wjvl vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge% VlmP~mtjfmedz egw lg}tmt egv geaz vlm fmp}vz p~mtjfmev! n}v batg vwg emw cjejtv~jmt8 gem g~ ebvjgeba

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< qVlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge8 d~jvjdba dlbaameomt

pabeejeo bef gem g~ cgejvg~jeo bef myba}bvjge% Zmv vlm kmz r}mtvjge bef gem vlbv ~mcbjet

}ebetwm~mf jt vlm m|vmev vg wljdl vlm emw ~mdgejo}~bvjge g ebvjgeba ogym~ecmev jt fmtjoemf vg

nm ~mtpgetjym! bddg}evbnam bef pb~vjdjpbvg~z! tg vlbv jv jt jeg~cmf nz ,~bvlm~ vlbe tjcpaz tmmkjeo vg

jeg~c* vlm wjaa g vlm pmgpam wlgc jv tm~ymt% Je bffjvjge vg vljt! vlm dbajn~m g vlm pgajvjdba majvmt wlg

mcm~omf t}ntmr}mev vg vlm >00? BED ebvjgeba dgem~medm je Pgagkwbem! bef vlm m|jtvjeo dbpbdjvz

vg ambf tvbvm jetvjv}vjget f}~jeo vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge! vg tm~ym g~fjeb~z djvjxmet mmdvjymaz! b~m

gvlm~ r}mtvjget% J mbdl ogym~ecmev fmpb~vcmev jt tbffamf wjvl wlbv Cmlvb ,>004* vm~ct be bacgtvdgcp}atjym mcplbtjt ge mefamtt g~cba p~gdmf}~mt! wlm~m abzm~ }pge abzm~ g p~gdmf}~m p~gyjfmt

gym~tjolv ge yb~jg}t abzm~t g fmdjtjge#cbkjeo! bv wlbv pgjev fgmt dgg~fjebvjge vbkm p~jg~jvz bef vlm

g~obejd namefjeo ~mr}j~mf g~ jevmo~bvmf fmajym~z gdd}~7 Vlmtm jtt}mt dgetvjv}vm begvlm~ dlbaameom g~

vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge%

Jv fgmt egv cbvvm~ lgw gpvjcjtvjd gem cbz dlggtm vg nm je vlm bebaztjt g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge!

gem dbeegv oagtt gym~ vlm bdv vlbv jv jt b tm~jg}taz dlbaameomf gem% Jv dg}af nm tbjf vg m|jtv je b v~jpam

vmcpg~bajvz% Nb~eb~f bef Ib~~mf ,>006*! je vlmj~ p}najdbvjge Bivm~ vlm Vl~jaa jt Ogem8 B Fmdbfm gi Pgtv#

bpb~vlmjf Tg}vl Bi~jdb! jeymevmf vlm egvjge g fg}nam vmcpg~bajvz g vlm pgtv#bpb~vlmjf tvbvm vg

fmtd~jnm lgw vlm pgtv#bpb~vlmjf tvbvm dgevje}mf vg ajym je vwg ljtvg~jdba ~mbajvjmt bv vlm tbcm vjcm;

vlbv jt! vlm ~mbajvz g B~jkbem~ fgcjebvjge bef g vlm fmcgd~bvjd tvbvm ,Nb~eb~f ) Ib~~mf >0068 =:6*% Vlm

dgedmpv ~mm~t vg b tjv}bvjge wlm~m vlm p~mtmev jt fgcjebvmf nz dgevje}jvjmt wjvl vlm pbtv% Vlm tbcm

bebagoz dbe nm }tmf vg fmtd~jnm vlm tjv}bvjge g pgtv#2::6 fmcgd~bvjd bfcjejtv~bvjget% Jv jt b~o}mf

lm~m vlbv vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge ajymt je vl~mm ljtvg~jmt bv vlm tbcm vjcm8 vlm ljtvg~z g vlm Cbefmab

bfcjejtv~bvjge! vlm t}ntmr}mev ~mbajvjmt d~mbvmf nz vlm bfcjejtv~bvjge g g~cm~ p~mtjfmev Vlbng

Cnmkj bef! abtvaz! jvt gwe ~mbajvjmt% Vlm emw bfcjejtv~bvjge gnyjg}taz dbeegv mtdbpm vlm tlbfgwt g vlm

vwg p~mdmfjeo m~bt; vlm ~mbajvjmt d~mbvmf nz vlm pgajvjdt bef ogym~ebedm tv~bvmojmt g vlgtm pm~jgft b~m

b g}efbvjge g~ vlm emw bfcjejtv~bvjge% Je gvlm~ wg~ft! vlm bdv jt vlbv! g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge!

vlm pbtv wjaa bawbzt vmef vg wmjol lmbyjaz ge vlm p~mtmev; bef tljvjeo vlm ~mbajvjmt d~mbvmf nz pbtv

bfcjejtv~bvjget jt ogjeo vg nm b g~cjfbnam dlbaameom% Vlm fgcjebedm g vlm pbtv je vlm p~mtmev wjaa

pgtm dlbaameomt bef gppg~v}ejvjmt; dlbaameomt vlbv dg}af jefmmf nm gym~dgcm bef gppg~v}ejvjmt vlbvdg}af jefmmf nm agtv%

X}cbt bfcjejtv~bvjge jt pm~dmjymf nz vlm cbttmt bt vlm fmajym~z bfcjejtv~bvjge% Jv dbcm vg pgwm~ ge

vlm nbdk g p~gcjtmt vg vlm pgg~ cbhg~jvz bef ge vlm vjdkmv g jcp~gymf tm~yjdm fmajym~z vg p~gyjfm b

nmvvm~ }v}~m g~ baa% Vljt gaagwt vlm pgg~ tm~yjdm fmajym~z ~mdg~f g vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge% Vlm~m

b~m bv ambtv vl~mm cbhg~ dlbaameomt% Vlm j~tv jt lgw vg cbebom wjfmtp~mbf bef bacgtv cmttjbejd

m|pmdvbvjget g ~myga}vjgeb~z dlbeom pgp}ab~ pm~dmpvjget g X}cb bt tgcm kjef g cmttjbl! tmev vg

tbym vlmc; pm~dmpvjget mf! jedjfmevbaaz! nz vlm ~lmvg~jd g vlm BED f}~jeo vlm dbcpbjoe g~ mamdvjget

,wljdl vggk pabdm ge >> Bp~ja >00:*% Vlm tmdgef dlbaameom jt vlm b~~bz g p~gnamct p~mtmevmf nz vlm

emmf vg d~mbvm b ~mtpgetjym ogym~ecmev! vlbv jt! b ogym~ecmev je wljdl vlm ygjdmt g g~fjeb~z djvjxmet!bef vlmj~ dlgjdmt bef btpj~bvjget! cbkm jv vg pgajdz fmdjtjge#cbkjeo% Vlm vlj~f dlbaameom jt d~mbvjeo b

ogym~ecmev vlbv lbt vlm bfcjejtv~bvjym dbpbdjvz vg fmajym~ btvm~ bef nmvvm~%

Dlbpvm~ 6 nz Kbezbem m|bcjemt je fmvbja vlm p}najd tm~yjdm fmajym~z dlbaameomt g vlm X}cb

bfcjejtv~bvjge bef g}vajemt lgw tm~yjdm fmajym~z dg}af nm j jv wm~m }efm~pjeemf nz b tgdjba bomefb

vlbv jt! dgccjvmf vg ~mbajtjeo vlm pgwm~ g p}najd tm~yjdm fmajym~z vg t}tvbje bef jcp~gym vlm r}bajvz

g ajm g dgcc}ejvjmt% Lm batg jevm~~gobvmt vlm ogym~ebedm ~bcmwg~k g~ p}najd tm~yjdm fmajym~z bef

b~o}mt g~ vlm jcpg~vbedm g mvljdba ambfm~tljp! mtpmdjbaaz bv vlm amyma g agdba ogym~ecmev! je g~fm~

vg fmba wjvl pm~ybtjym dg~~}pvjge bef jemjdjmedz% Kbezbem }~vlm~ p~gpgtmt vlm emmf vg dgetjfm~

bavm~ebvjym tm~yjdm fmajym~z bpp~gbdlmt! jeda}fjeo p}najdp~jybvm pb~vem~tljpt bef vlm tlb~mf tm~yjdm

fmajym~z cgfma! bt pb~v g vlm tga}vjge vg tm~yjdm fmajym~z jcp~gymcmev; bef lm b~o}mt g~ vlm yba}m

g cgejvg~jeo bef myba}bvjge vg nm mcnmffmf je jcpamcmevbvjge% Vg t}ppg~v vlm jevm~ymevjget

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Jev~gf}dvjge8 pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt q :

p~gpgtmf je Dlbpvm~ 6! Cmaag je Dlbpvm~ = m|bcjemt vlm ~bcmwg~k vlbv lbt nmme jev~gf}dmf wjvl vlm

bjc g jcp~gyjeo jevm~ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget% Je ajem wjvl Kbezbemt yjmw ge vlm jcpg~vbedm g mvljdba

ambfm~tljp g~ tm~yjdm fmajym~z jcp~gymcmev! Cmaag ogmt ge vg m|pag~m vlm jcpg~vbedm g vlm l}cbe

bdvg~! wljdl jeygaymt jeymtvcmev je l}cbe ~mtg}~dm dbpbdjvz je g~fm~ vg jcp~gym ogym~ecmevba

~mabvjget ,j%m% egv geaz ~mabvjget nmvwmme ogym~ecmevba jetvjv}vjget n}v batg wjvl ege#tvbvm bdvg~t*!

vl}t je v}~e jcp~gyjeo tm~yjdm fmajym~z% Cmaag b~o}mt vlbv cgejvg~jeo bef gym~tjolv bef! wlm~m

emdmttb~z! jevm~ymevjge nz ebvjgeba ogym~ecmev b~m mttmevjba vg met}~jeo vlbv vlm agwm~ tplm~mt gogym~ecmev }aja vlmj~ dgetvjv}vjgeba cbefbvmt%

Je t}ccb~z! vlm cgtv jcpg~vbev dlbaameom g vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge jt egv geaz bv vlm cbd~g#

jetvjv}vjgeba amyma! vlbv jt! bv ebvjgeba amyma bef je vlm Gjdm g vlm P~mtjfmedz; jv jt batg bv vlm amymat g

jevm~cmfjbvm bef agdba jetvjv}vjget bef g~}ct g dget}avbvjge agdbvmf bv vlm jevm~tvjdmt g tvbvm bef

tgdjmvz! wlm~m fbz#vg#fbz g~ct g fmcgd~bdz mjvlm~ ag}efm~ g~ ag}~jtl ,Lmaam~ ) Jtbbd >00?*% Bebaztjeo

vlm agdba ogym~ecmev m|pm~jmedmt g Km~bab je Jefjb! Lmaam~ bef Jtbbd dg~~mdvaz gntm~ym vlbv bt vlm

tvbvm ~bfjbvmt g}v ~gc vlm omgo~bpljd bef }edvjgeba dg~m g jvt b}vlg~jvz! jvt mmdvjymemtt a}dv}bvmt

f~bcbvjdbaaz ,>00?8 60?*% Lmedm! p~gnamct g tm~yjdm fmajym~z vmef vg gdd}~ bv agdba ogym~ecmev

amyma% Vljt jt pb~v g vlm dlbaameom dge~gevjeo fmymagpcmevba agdba ogym~ecmev je Tg}vl B~jdb% Vlm

mmdvjymemtt g vlm tvbvm g}vtjfm vlm ebvjgeba dg~m g jvt b}vlg~jvz wjaa emmf vg nm mav vl~g}ol ~gn}tv

fmajym~z g tm~yjdmt%

Fmajym~jeo ge vlm p~gcjtm gi mdgegcjd jeda}tjyjvzbef pgym~vz ~mf}dvjge

Bvm~ 2::0! bt vlm mdgegcz nmobe vg m|pbef! vlm~m gdd}~~mf b tvmbfz ~jtm je vlm jeymtvcmevg}vp}v

~bvjg% Tjc}avbemg}taz! vlm~m wbt b tlb~p fmdajem je vlm tlb~m g wbomt je ebvjgeba g}vp}vt je gvlm~

wg~ft! jedgcm fjtv~jn}vjge wg~tmemf t}dl vlbv vlm ~jtjeo jeymtvcmevOFP ~bvjg omem~bvmf! jetvmbf!

ljolm~ amymat g jemr}bajvz% Vlm p~gnamc vlbv b~jtmt ~gc vlm Cnmkj m~b bef dge~gevt vlm X}cbbfcjejtv~bvjge! bt b kmz dlbaameom! jt wlbv Cbajkbem ~mm~t vg bt vlm fjtdgeemdv nmvwmme vlm vlme

~jtjeo jeymtvcmevg}vp}v ~bvjg! wljdl wbt b t}ddmtt! bef wg~tmejeo fjtv~jn}vjge g jedgcm ,>00?8 9?*%

Vljt ~mt}avmf je b tjv}bvjge je Tg}vl B~jdb wlm~m! fmtpjvm jym zmb~t g }ejevm~~}pvmf mdgegcjd o~gwvl!

pgym~vz bef jemr}bajvz dgevje}mf vg o~gw bef vlm obp nmvwmme ~jdl bef pgg~ dgevje}mf vg wjfme%

Nmtamz bef Dg~f b~o}m vlbv o~gwvl jt amtt mjdjmev je agwm~jeo pgym~vz amymat je dg}ev~jmt wjvl ljol

jejvjba jemr}bajvz g~ je wljdl vlm fjtv~jn}vjgeba pbvvm~e g o~gwvl byg}~t [vlmS ege#pgg~ ,>00?8 2*% Je

gvlm~ wg~ft! vlm dg~m g vlm dlbaameom jt vg cbkm t}~m vlbv fjtv~jn}vjgeba pbvvm~et g mdgegcjd o~gwvl

b~m g~jmevmf je t}dl b wbz bt vg nmemjv vlm pgg~ vg dagtm vlm obp nmvwmme vlm ~jdl bef vlm pgg~%

Fmtpjvm vlm jccmfjbvm jevm~ymevjget vlbv b~m ~mr}j~mf! pm~lbpt b ageo#vm~c yjmw jt vlm wbz vg abtvjeotga}vjget je vljt b~mb% Vlm p~gnamc wjvl ageo#vm~c tv~bvmojmt! lgwmym~! jt vlbv vlmz fg egv lbym

jccmfjbvm mamdvg~ba pbz#gt! wljdl ~}ajeo pb~vjmt eg~cbaaz wbev je g~fm~ vg t}tvbje vlmj~ pgajvjdba

pgwm~% Gem lgpmt vlbv vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge wjaa nm fjm~mev je vljt ~mob~f vlbv jv wjaa egv nm

ajcjvmf vg b pb~vjtbe yjtjge n}v wjaa vbkm b ageo#vm~c yjmw g tv~bvmojd jeymtvcmev je mf}dbvjge bef tkjaat

fmymagpcmev% Mcpgwm~jeo g~fjeb~z djvjxmet wjvl vlm ~mr}jtjvm tkjaat vg ebyjobvm vlm yjdjttjv}fmt g vlm

cb~kmv mdgegcz ge vlmj~ gwe jt pm~lbpt pb~v g vlm tga}vjge%

Vlm fmcgd~bvjd tvbvm! pgtv#2::6! fmtpjvm vlm ~bfjdba p~mvmetjget g vlm ~}ajeo BED! dbeegv fmba

mmdvjymaz wjvl vlm dlbaameom g pgym~vz! bt vljt dlbaameom lbt jcpajdbvjget g~ vlm ~mg~fm~jeo g tgdjg#

mdgegcjd ~mabvjget je Tg}vl B~jdb% Vlm ~mg~fm~jeo g tgdjg#mdgegcjd ~mabvjget jt emdmttb~z! bddg~fjeo

vg Nmtamz bef Dg~f ,>00?*! vg fmba wjvl ljol jejvjba jemr}bajvz! wljdl fjtvg~vt vlm fjtv~jn}vjgeba mmdvtg mdgegcjd o~gwvl je byg}~ g vlm ege#pgg~% Kbptvmje bef Dgeym~tm ,>00


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g jejvjba dgefjvjget! j%m% p~m#v~betg~cbvjge dgefjvjget! bmdvt je bdv fmvm~cjemt vlm pm~g~cbedm

g zg}eo fmcgd~bdjmt% Vg mdlg vljt pgjev! Cbo}nbem ,>006* dbtvt vlm tjv}bvjge bt vlm fjamccb vlm

BED jt bdjeo% N}v lgw fgmt }efbcmevba ~mg~fm~jeo gdd}~ g~ lgw mmdvjym jt o~bf}ba mdgegcjd

v~betg~cbvjge7 Vlm dlbeom je tgdjg#mdgegcjd ~mabvjget g pgwm~ jt vlm kmz p~ghmdv! wljdl ogmt

nmzgef vlm ~mcgyba g jetvjv}vjgebajtmf ~bdjba gpp~mttjge% Vlm pgajvjdt g pgym~vz jt mttmevjbaaz bng}v

fjm~medmt je tgdjg#mdgegcjd pgwm~ nmvwmme jefjyjf}bat g~ o~g}pt je tgdjmvz% Vlm nbvvam bobjetv

pgym~vz jt ab~omaz b r}mtvjge g d~mbvjeo vlm dj~d}ctvbedmt vlbv mebnam be jefjyjf}ba g~ o~g}p vg objepgwm~ bef mcm~om ~gc pgym~vz ge b ageom~#vm~c nbtjt ,Vm}ejttme ) Bkkm~cbe >00=8 >*%

O~mme ,>0000 bef 4! ge vlm fmymagpcmevbatvbvm! fmcgetv~bvm vljt% Tmdgef! jv jt damb~ vlbv vlm c}efbem cgfbajvjmt g jcpamcmevjeo vlm

v~betg~cbvjge bomefb vg zjmaf r}bajvz cbvm~jba fjyjfmeft vg vlm pgg~ cbhg~jvz b~m tvjaa db}tm g~ dgedm~e%

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Vljt! jv jt b~o}mf! cbejmtvt je mefamtt gvme tmmcjeoaz fj~mdvjgeamtt f~jvt je pgajdz fmnbvm wjvlje

vlm ~}ajeo pb~vz ,vlm BED bef jvt Baajbedm pb~vem~t*! e}cm~g}t tv~jkmt gym~ wbomt! bef wjfmtp~mbf

tm~yjdm fmajym~z p~gvmtvt% Vlm jtt}m! jv tmmct! jt vlbv vlm v~betg~cbvjge bomefb! bef vlm vm~ct ge

wljdl jv jt dgef}dvmf! jt tvjaa fmjemf nz vlm majvmt jv jt egv vlm bomefb g vlm pgg~ bef cb~ojebajtmf

vlbv fmjemt vlm dlb~bdvm~ g dlbeom% Lmedm! vlm fmcbeft cbfm nz vlm pgg~ cbhg~jvz b~m egv cm~maz

g~ fmajym~z g p}najd oggft n}v batg g~ be mmdvjym ygjdm je vlm ogym~ebedm g vlm dg}ev~z% Dlbpvm~t

6! = bef 9 dgeymz vlm ebv}~m g vlm p~gnamct b~g}ef tm~yjdm fmajym~z! dgg~fjebvmf ogym~ebedm befpgym~vz ~mf}dvjge% Vlm fmymagpcmev bef ~gam g v~bfjvjgeba jetvjv}vjget je tv~meovlmejeo fmcgd~bvjd

ogym~ebedm je ~}~ba b~mbt jt vg}dlmf ge je Dlbpvm~ =; vljt jt ym~z jcpg~vbev g~ vlm fmymagpcmev g b

dgaamdvjym wjaa! wljdl jt jcpg~vbev je vlm ajm g b ebvjge%

T}ccb~z bef tv~}dv}~m gi vlm nggk

Vlm nggk dgetjtvt g tj| dlbpvm~t gd}tjeo ge fjm~mev n}v ~mabvmf vgpjdba jtt}mt jfmevjjmf nz vlm

b}vlg~t bt pb~v g vlm dlbaameom bdjeo vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge% Dlbpvm~ > nz Cbtm~}c}am m|bcjemt

vlm emmf vg dgetgajfbvm b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb bt b d~jvjdba ogym~ebedm dlbaameom g~ vlm X}cb

bfcjejtv~bvjge% Cbtm~}c}am gm~t yb~jg}t ogym~ebedm pgajdz gpvjget vlbv vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjgedg}af dgetjfm~ je ogym~ejeo je b pgajvjdba dgevm|v ~b}olv wjvl jfmgagojdba dgev~bfjdvjget bef

dgevmtvbvjget je fmjejeo b Tg}vl B~jdbe fmymagpcmevba tvbvm%

Ge vlm gem lbef! vlm Amv je vlm V~jpb~vjvm Baajbedm! wljdl dgetvjv}vmt be jevmo~ba pb~v g vlm dgbajvjge

vlbv tmd}~mf X}cbt yjdvg~z bt vlm p~mtjfmev g vlm BED bv jvt ebvjgeba dgem~medm g Fmdmcnm~ >00?

je Pgagkwbem! bef bt p~mtjfmev g vlm mp}najd g Tg}vl B~jdb! p~gpbobvmt b cg~m ~mfjtv~jn}vjym tgdjg#

mdgegcjd bpp~gbdl bt pb~v g vlm bomefb g~ b Tg}vl B~jdbe fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Ge vlm gvlm~ lbef!

vlm~m b~m vlgtm wjvlje vlm BED wlg b~o}m g~ vlm dgevje}bvjge g vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjget emg#

ajnm~ba mdgegcjd g~vlgfg|z je ~mpgtjvjgejeo Tg}vl B~jdb bt b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Bt b fgcjebev

jo}~m je vlm dgevmcpg~b~z pgajvjdba tdmem je Tg}vl B~jdb wlg mcm~omf g}v g vlm v~bfjvjgeba B~jdbedg}ev~ztjfm bt b wmaa#~g}efmf pm~tgebajvz bef wlg gpm~bvmt je b cgfm~e meyj~gecmev! X}cb cbz nm

bnam vg t}ddmtt}aaz ebyjobvm vlm vwg jfmgagojdba m|v~mcmt vlbv Cbtm~}c}amt dgev~jn}vjge me}edjbvmt

bt nmjeo je dgevmtvbvjge wjvl mbdl gvlm~%

Vlm egvjge g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jt }~vlm~ dgetjfm~mf je Dlbpvm~ 4 ge ~}~ba fmymagpcmev je Tg}vl

B~jdb% Je vljt dlbpvm~! Cbzmefm p~mtmevt b tztvmcbvjd bebaztjt g vlm BEDt tljv je pb~bfjoc ge ~}~ba

fmymagpcmev bef bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge! wjvl tpmdjjd ~mm~medm vg vlm r}mtvjge8 vg wlbv m|vmev fgmt

vlm emw pgajdz pm~tpmdvjym p~gyjfm b yjbnam ~bcmwg~k g~ bddmam~bvjeo vlm p~gdmtt g ~bjtjeo vlm ajyjeo

dgefjvjget g vlm ~}~ba cbttmt bef bdjajvbvjeo vlmj~ jevmo~bvjge jevg vlm ebvjgeba mdgegcz7 Vlm bebaztjt

m|pag~mt vlm emw pgajdz pgtjvjget je tgcm fmvbja! bef vlme p~gdmmft vg jfmevjz bef m|bcjem b ~beom

g pgvmevjba tlg~vdgcjeot! jedgetjtvmedjmt bef tma#myjfmev abd}ebm% _jvlje vljt dgevm|v! vlm dlbpvm~

nmojet nz bebaztjeo vlm dgedmpv g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bef jvt ~gam je f~jyjeo ~}~ba fmymagpcmev

bef bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge jevm~ymevjget! }tjeo bt m|bcpamt tmym~ba Mbtv Btjbe dg}ev~jmt vlbv b~m

omem~baaz dgetjfm~mf bt lbyjeo t}ddmmfmf je vljt ~mob~f% Vlm dlbpvm~ vlme p~gyjfmt be gym~yjmw g

vlm dg}ev~zt ~bvlm~ dlmr}m~mf m|pm~jmedm je ~}~ba fmymagpcmev bef bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge pgajdz

bef p~bdvjdm tjedm 2::6% Vlm dlbpvm~ ljolajolvt vlm jelm~mev wmbkemttmt bttgdjbvmf wjvl vwg kmz

p~go~bccmt jcpamcmevmf f}~jeo vljt pm~jgf! ebcmaz vlm Jevmo~bvmf T}tvbjebnam }~ba Fmymagpcmev

P~go~bccm bef vlm Abef ^mfjtv~jn}vjge g~ Bo~jd}av}~ba Fmymagpcmev t}n#p~go~bccm g vlm

abef ~mg~c p~go~bccm% Vlm dlbpvm~ m|pag~mt vlm dgcnjebvjge g bdvg~t vlbv amf vg vlm bja}~m g

ngvl p~go~bccmt je cbkjeo tjoejjdbev je~gbft jevg bff~mttjeo vlm amobdjmt g abef fjtpgttmttjge!

}efm~fmymagpcmev bef mdgegcjd tvboebvjge! bt wmaa bt wjfmtp~mbf pgym~vz bef tgdjba cb~ojebajtbvjgevlbv dgevje}m vg dlb~bdvm~jtm Tg}vl B~jdbt ~}~ba b~mbt% Vlm amttget vlbv lbym mcm~omf ~gc vlmtm

p~go~bccmt b~m batg ljolajolvmf bef bebaztmf%

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2> qVlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge8 d~jvjdba dlbaameomt

Dlbpvm~ 4 }~vlm~ bebaztmt tgcm g vlm btt}cpvjget vlbv b~m cbfm je vlm emw pgajdz pm~tpmdvjym wjvl

~mob~f vg vlm mjdbdz g ~}~ba fmymagpcmev bef bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge tv~bvmojmt btt}cpvjget nbtmf

ge t}ntjtvmedm bef vlm p~gcgvjge g t}tvbjebnam ajymajlggft ym~t}t t}~pa}t#g~jmevmf dgccm~djba

p~gf}dvjge% Vlm wjtfgc nmljef vlm gpvjcjtc tlgwe g~ vlm t}ddmtt g t}dl jevm~ymevjget wjvlje wlbv

Cbzmefm vm~ct vlm dgcc}eba b~mbt jt batg t}nhmdvmf vg d~jvjdba td~}vjez% Je b fjtd}ttjge g vlm jcpg~vbev

jtt}m g abef bdr}jtjvjge! vlm dlbpvm~ ljolajolvt b e}cnm~ g }efbcmevba dgetv~bjevt! pb~vjd}ab~az vlm

dgetvjv}vjgeba p~gpm~vz dab}tm bef vlm wjaajeo#n}zm~! wjaajeo#tmaam~ pgajdz! bt wmaa bt cbhg~ ngvvamemdktvlbv dg}af jcpmfm vlm tljv vgwb~ft be bpp~gbdl nbtmf ge amoba m|p~gp~jbvjge% Vlm dlbpvm~ m|bcjemt

vlm dlbaameomt vlbv dg}af dge~gev pabeemf bvvmcpvt bv jetvjv}vjgeba ~mtv~}dv}~jeo! bef fjtd}ttmt vlm

jcpg~vbedm g t}ppg~v g~ vlm vb~omvmf nmemjdjb~jmt! bef vlm ~memwmf p}tl g~ vlm mtvbnajtlcmev g

yjbnam bef yjn~bev dg#gpm~bvjymt! bt jcpg~vbev mamcmevt je ojyjeo jcpmv}t vg melbedmf fmajym~z% F}m

dgetjfm~bvjge jt batg ojyme vg kmz d~gtt#d}vvjeo jtt}mt! t}dl bt vlm dmev~ba pgtjvjge g je~btv~}dv}~ba

fmymagpcmev! vlm ~gam g jefjomeg}t kegwamfom! bef omefm~! zg}vl bef fjtbnjajvz! wljdl b~m batg

fmmpaz mcnmffmf wjvlje vlm ~}~ba tgdjg#pgajvjdba bef mdgegcjd dgevm|v wjvlje wljdl vlm dlbaameom

g ~}~ba fmymagpcmev bef bo~b~jbe v~betg~cbvjge lbt vg nm bff~mttmf%

Bez fjtdg}~tm ge vlm ogym~ebedm dlbaameomt g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge wjvlg}v ~mm~medm vg

vlm jtt}m g tm~yjdm fmajym~z wg}af nm jedgcpamvm! g~ melbedjeo vlm r}bajvz g ajm g vlm djvjxmet

vl~g}ol jcp~gymf tm~yjdm fmajym~z jt gem g vlm tv~bvmojd jcpm~bvjymt g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Vljt

}efm~tdg~mt vlm jcpg~vbedm g tm~yjdm fmajym~z! wljdl jt vlm gd}t g Dlbpvm~ 6% Kbezbem b~o}mt vlbv

vlm ogym~ecmev! je vlm pbtv fmdbfm bef b lba! gd}tmf vgg c}dl ge vlm plztjdba je~btv~}dv}~m g

p}najd tm~yjdm fmajym~z ,j%m% vbeojnam p}najd tm~yjdm fmajym~z*! gym~aggkjeo jvt tgdjba ,j%m% jevbeojnam* jcpbdv

je t}tvbjejeo vlm r}bajvz g ajm g vlm djvjxme~z% Bddg~fjeo vg Kbezbem! vlm dlbaameom g~ vlm X}cb

bfcjejtv~bvjge jt! vlm~mg~m! vg gd}t tm~jg}taz ge ngvl vlm plztjdba bef jevbeojnam fmymagpcmevba

jcpbdv g tm~yjdm fmajym~z b dlbaameom vlbv lbt batg nmme ljolajolvmf je vlm p~mtmev dlbpvm~% Kbezbem

b~o}mt g~ b cg~m l}cbejtmf bef l}cbejtjeo p}najd tm~yjdm vlbv lbt bt jvt yjtjge mcpgwm~cmev bef

dgetdjg}temtt ~bjtjeo g vlm dgcc}ejvjmt jv tm~ymt%

Je Dlbpvm~ =! Cmaag fmbat wjvl r}mtvjget g ogym~ecmevba bef jevm~ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget! wljdl b~m

bcgeo vlm kmz jcpm~bvjymt je jcp~gyjeo tm~yjdm fmajym~z bef jcpg~vbev g~ bdljmyjeo be jevmo~bvmf

tztvmc g ogym~ebedm% Vlm jtt}m g jevmo~bvmf pabeejeo bef dglm~medm je cbebojeo vlm bbj~t g

ogym~ecmev! bt Cbtm~}c}am pgjevt g}v je Dlbpvm~ >! wbt gem g vlm }efbcmevba dlbaameomt vlbv

nmtmv vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge% Je fjtd}ttjeo yb~jg}t tv~}dv}~mt bef p~gdmttmt vlbv lbym nmme fmyjtmf

wjvl vlm bjc g jcp~gyjeo jevm~ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget! Dlbpvm~ = gd}tmt ge vlm Jevm~ogym~ecmevba

^mabvjget I~bcmwg~k Bdv ,Eg% 24 g >00=* bef cbkmt t}oomtvjget g~ }~vlm~ pgttjnam jcp~gymcmevt%

^mamdvjeo ge yb~jg}t ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget dlbaameomt! Cmaag bfyjtmt vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge vg

vbkm tm~jg}taz vlm dlbaameomt ~gc vlm p~myjg}t bfcjejtv~bvjge bef amb~e amttget ~gc vlmtm! wjvl b

yjmw vg jcp~gyjeo ogym~ecmevba ~mabvjget g~ vlm nmemjv g vlm Tg}vl B~jdbe pmgpam%

Dlbpvm~ 9 nz Cbtljog b~o}mt vlbv pgym~vz ~mf}dvjge jt vlm cbjetp~jeo g mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev bef

vlbv jv jt jcpg~vbev vg p}v o~mbvm~ mcplbtjt ge jv j vlm fmtj~mf amymat g mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev b~m

vg nm bdljmymf% Je vljt dlbpvm~ vlm d~jvjdba bdvg~t vlbv dgev~jn}vm vg vlm pm~tjtvmedm g pgym~vz bef

}efm~fmymagpcmev! bef vlm ~mabvmf dlbaameomt! b~m m|bcjemf wjvl vlm gnhmdvjym g fmvm~cjejeo wlbv

jevm~ymevjget dbe nm p}v je pabdm nz vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge% Vlm dlbpvm~ fjtd}ttmt vlm tg#dbaamf j~tv

bef tmdgef mdgegcjmt! pb~vjd}ab~az vlm tmdgef mdgegcz! wlbv dgetvjv}vmt jv bef wlz jv lbt nmdgcm

dmev~ba je vlm fjtd}ttjget pm~vbjejeo vg }efm~fmymagpcmev bef pgym~vz baamyjbvjge%

Dlbpvm~ 9 gd}tmt ge vlm >00: BED mamdvjge cbejmtvg! wljdl g}vajemt vlm BEDt dgccjvcmev vg

v~betg~cjeo vlm dg}ev~z bef'g~ tgdjmvz; vlm mamdvjge cbejmtvg mcplbtjtmt ebvjge n}jafjeo! t}ppg~v

bef ~mtpmdv g~ nbtjd l}cbe bef fmcgd~bvjd ~jolvt! tgdjg#mdgegcjd ~jolvt! bef vlm tv~meovlmejeo g

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~mp~mtmevbvjym bef pb~vjdjpbvg~z fmcgd~bdz ,BED >00:*% Vlm p~jg~jvz b~mbt g vlm mamdvjge cbejmtvg!

wljdl jeda}fm d~mbvjge g fmdmev wg~k bef t}tvbjebnam ajymajlggft! mf}dbvjge! p~gcgvjeo l}cbe

lmbavl! vlm jolv bobjetv d~jcm! bef ~}~ba fmymagpcmev! b~m fjtd}ttmf% Begvlm~ p~jg~jvz b~mb g vlm

mamdvjge cbejmtvg! tgdjba tmd}~jvz! jt batg dgetjfm~mf%

Dlbpvm~ 9 batg aggkt bv vlm oagnba jebedjba d~jtjt bef jvt jcpbdvt ge Tg}vl B~jdb% G pb~vjd}ab~ jcpg~vbedm

jt vlm fjtd}ttjge g mmdvjym bef t}tvbjebnam ~}~ba fmymagpcmev bef pgym~vz ~mf}dvjge tv~bvmojmt%Ijebedjeo tv~bvmojmt je Tg}vl B~jdb b~m dagtmaz bebaztmf bef jv jt tlgwe lgw m|jtvjeo tv~bvmojmt lbcpm~

vlm p~gyjtjge g t}dl jebedm! pb~vjd}ab~az vg pgg~ lg}tmlgaft% Vlm dlbpvm~ p~gyjfmt jetjolv jevg lgw

jevm~ebvjgeba jebedjeo p~bdvjdmt lbym t}ddmmfmf! vl~g}ol tpmdjbajtmf jebedjeo'amefjeo cmdlbejtct!

je jebedjeo pgg~ lg}tmlgaft% Tjcjab~ m|jtvjeo cmdlbejtct je pgg~ dgcc}ejvjmt je Tg}vl B~jdb b~m

m|pag~mf g~ pgttjnam amttget je vljt ~mob~f% Vlm dlbpvm~ dgeda}fmt wjvl b gd}t ge tcbaa't}~yjybajtv

mevm~p~jtm fmymagpcmev%

Jv jt lgpmf vlbv vljt nggk wjaa cbkm b yba}bnam dgev~jn}vjge vg dgevmcpg~b~z fjtdg}~tm ge vlm X}cb

bfcjejtv~bvjge%

^mim~medmt

BED ,B~jdbe Ebvjgeba Dgeo~mtt* ,>00?b*BED =>efebvjgeba dgeim~medm% F~biv tv~bvmoz bef vbdvjdt ,Yga%2*%Cb~tlbaavgwe8 ]c~bn}ag

BED ,>00?n* BED =>efebvjgeba dgeim~medm >00?8 mtga}vjget% ^mtga}vjget b~jtjeo g}v g vlm BED =>ef ebvjgebadgem~medm je Pgagkwbem! Ajcpgpg P~gyjedm ,29>0 Fmdmcnm~*% Bddmttmf Bp~ja >00'~mtga}vjget%pf

BED ,>00:* Mamdvjge cbejimtvg8 _g~kjeo vgomvlm~ wm dbe fg cg~m% Hglbeemtn}~o8 BED

Nbdk L ) Lbfmej}t B ,>0028 2>6

Nb~eb~f ^ ) Ib~~mf O ,Mft* ,>006*Bivm~ vlm vl~jaa jt ogem8 B fmdbfm gi pgtv#bpb~vlmjf Tg}vl Bi~jdb% F}~lbc! ED8 F}km]ejym~tjvz P~mtt

Nmelbnjn T ,2::6* Fmcgd~bdz bef fjm~medm8 ^mamdvjget ge vlm Cmvbpgajvjdt g Azgvb~f bef Fm~~jfb%Hg}~eba giPgajvjdba Pljagtgplz>8 2

Nm~cbe N! Mzgl F ) Kzcajdkb _ ,>006* Mvlejdjvz bef fmcgd~bdz je Bi~jdb% G|g~f8 Hbcmt D}~~mz

Nmtamz V ) Dg~f AH ,>00?* Fmajym~jeo ge vlm p~gcjtm gi p~g#pgg~ o~gwvl8 Jetjolvt bef amttget i~gc dg}ev~zm|pm~jmedmt% _btljeovge! FD8 _g~af Nbek

Nagdk M ,2:?4* M~ntdlbiv fjmt~ Xmjv% I~bek}~v8 T}l~kbcp

Na}efg O ) Gajyjm~ fm Tb~fbe HP ,>009* Mym~zfbz dg~~}pvjge bef vlm tvbvm8 Djvjxmet bef p}najd giijdjbat je Bi~jdb% DbpmVgwe8 Fbyjf Pljajp

N~zeb~f P ) Fm Dgejeo D ,>00?* Pgajdz jcpamcmevbvjge% Je I Dagmvm! L _jttjek ) D fm Dgejeo ,Mft* Jcp~gyjeop}najd pgajdz! i~gc vlmg~z vg p~bdvjdm % P~mvg~jb8 Ybe Tdlbjk

Dbcm~m~ A ,2::?* Dgtvaz d~jcmt8 Dgccm~djba d~jcm bef dg~~}pvjge je Tg}vl Bi~jdb% Jetvjv}vm g~ Tmd}~jvz Tv}fjmt!Cgego~bpl 2=! P~mvg~jb

Dlj~bw} VG ,>006* Abef gwem~tljp bef t}tvbjebnam fmymagpcmev je Ebcjnjb% Je F Gagw} ) ^ C}kwmeb ,Mft*Ogym~ebedm je tg}vlm~e Bi~jdb bef nmzgef8 M|pm~jmedm gi jetvjv}vjgeba bef p}najd pgajdz ~mig~c je fmymagpjeo

dg}ev~jmt% _jeflgmk8 Obctnm~o Cbdcjaabe

D~jvdlamz T ,>009* I~bek}~v jcp~gcpv}8 ^mcb~kt ge Fm~~jfb bef Lbnm~cbt% Je A Vlgcbttme ,Mf%* Vlm Fm~~jfbLbnm~cbt ~mbfm~% Dljdbog8 ]ejym~tjvz g Dljdbog P~mtt

Fm Tg}tb Tbevgt N ) By~jvxm~ A ,>00?* Fmcgd~bvjxjeo fmcgd~bdz8 Nmzgef vlm ajnm~ba fmcgd~bvjd dbege% Emw Zg~k8Ym~tg

Ijkmej T ,>00:* Vlm Pgagkwbem cgcmev bef Tg}vl B~jdbt fmcgd~bdz bv vlm d~gtt~gbft% Je P Kbowbehb ) KKgefag ,Mft* Tvbvm gi vlm ebvjge8 Tg}vl Bi~jdb >00* Vlm mef gi ljtvg~z bef vlm abtv cbe% Emw Zg~k8 I~mm P~mtt

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Ojetng~o P ,>000000?* Vlm pgajvjdt bef jetvjv}vjgeba fmtjoe g pb~vjdjpbvg~z fmcgd~bdz8 Amttget ~gc Km~bab!Jefjb% Je N fm Tg}tb Tbevgt ) A By~jvxm~ ,Mft* Fmcgd~bvjxjeo fmcgd~bdz8 Nmzgef vlm ajnm~ba fmcgd~bvjd dbege%Agefge8 Ym~tg

Ljaa D ,2::>* P~mcbv}~m gntmr}jmt7 Je B ^zbe ,Mf%*Bivm~ vlm mef gi ljtvg~z% Agefge8 Dgaajet ) N~gwe

LT^D ,L}cbe Tdjmedmt ^mtmb~dl Dg}edja* ) PT] ,Pmeetzaybejb Tvbvm ]ejym~tjvz* ,>00:* ^mdgedjajeo B~jdbt~bocmevmf jetvjv}vjget g ogym~ebedm% Hgjev LT^D'PT] p~mtmevbvjge vg p~ghmdv fmjejvjge wg~ktlgp! P~mvg~jb,Egymcnm~*

L}evjeovge TP ,2::4* Vlm vlj~f wbym8 Fmcgd~bvjxbvjge je vlm abvm vwmevjmvl dmev}~z% Eg~cbe! GK8 ]ejym~tjvz gGkablgcb P~mtt

Kbobe ^ ,>0000:* ]edm~vbje fmcgd~bdz8 Majvm ~bocmevbvjge bef vlm fjtjevmo~bvjge g vlm ebvjgebajtv dgetmet}tje Tg}vl B~jdb% Je P Kbowbehb ) K Kgefag ,Mft* Tvbvm gi vlm ebvjge8 Tg}vl Bi~jdb >000000:* ^mpmvjvjge bef pljagtgpljdba d~}cnt% G|g~f8 G|g~f ]ejym~tjvz P~mtt

Cbo}nbem X ,>006* Vlm ~myga}vjge nmv~bzmf7 Oagnbajxbvjge! emgajnm~bajtc! bef vlm pgtv#bpb~vlmjf tvbvm% Je ^Nb~eb~f ) O Ib~~mf ,Mft*Bivm~ vlm vl~jaa jt ogem8 B fmdbfm gi pgtv#bpb~vlmjf Tg}vl Bi~jdb% F}~lbc! ED8 F}km]ejym~tjvz P~mtt

Cbajkbem D ,>00?* Vgwb~ft b dgcp~mlmetjym mdgegcjd ~bcmwg~k g~ Tg}vl B~jdb% Je G Mfjolmhj ,Mf%* ^mvljekjeoTg}vl Bi~jdbt fmymagpcmev pbvl8 miamdvjget ge vlm BEDt pgajdz dgeim~medm fjtd}ttjge fgd}cmevt% Tpmdjba mfjvjgegi Pgajdz Jtt}mt bef Bdvg~t >0% Hglbeemtn}~o8 Dmev~m g~ Pgajdz Tv}fjmt

Cbtm~}c}am CL ,>00?* Dgeajdvt nmvwmme fj~mdvg~t#omem~ba bef cjejtvm~t je Tg}vl B~jdb8 B pgtv}abvjymbpp~gbdl% Pgajvjkge 4>8 26?296

Cmlvb PN ,>004* Vlm n}~fme gi fmcgd~bdz% Emw Fmalj8 Vlgctge P~mtt

^mjdl ^N ,>00:* T}pm~dbpjvbajtc8 Vlm nbvvam ig~ fmcgd~bdz je be bom gi njo n}tjemtt% D~gwt Emtv! B}tv~bajb8 Jdge

Nggkt^gvnm~o V ) Ojttmar}jtv ^C ,>000000?* Vlm BED tvbvm! cg~m fzt}edvjgeba vlbe fmymagpcmevba7 Je T N}la}eo}! H Fbejma! ^ Tg}vlbaa )H A}vdlcbe ,Mft* Tvbvm gi vlm ebvjge8 Tg}vl Bi~jdb >00?% Dbpm Vgwe8 LT^D P~mtt

Vm}ejttme HH ) Bkkm~cbe B ,>00=* Lmapjeo vlm pgg~7 Vlm JCI bef agw jedgcm dg}ev~jmt% Vlm Lbo}m8 Igefbf

Ybe Nmmk ]H ,Mf%* ,>009* Fmcgd~bdz }efm~ dgetv~}dvjge8 Pbvvm~et i~gc ig}~ dgevjemevt% P~mvg~jb8 Ybe Tdlbjk

X}cb HO ,>00:* Tvbvm g vlm Ebvjge Bff~mtt nz Ljt M|dmaamedz HO X}cb! P~mtjfmev g vlm ^mp}najd g Tg}vl B~jdb%

Hgjev tjvvjeo g Pb~ajbcmev! Dbpm Vgwe ,4 H}em*

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q 2=

Cbtl}pzm L Cbtm~}c}am

Dlbpvm~ >

Dgetgajfbvjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvmbomefb8 b ogym~ebedm dlbaameom

Vlm egvjge g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm fgcjebvmt je vlm g~c}abvjge bef vlm cbeem~ g p~mtmevbvjge g

vlm B~jdbe Ebvjgeba Dgeo~mttt ,BED* =>

ef

ebvjgeba dgem~medm ~mtga}vjget g >00? ,BED >00?d*! wljdltmv vlm pgajvjdba dgevm|v g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjget tv~bvmojd pgajdz g~jmevbvjge bef fj~mdvjge% Je

~mdbaajeo vlm ~mtga}vjge g jvt >00> ebvjgeba dgem~medm! vlm >00? BED ebvjgeba dgem~medm ljolajolvmf

vlm emmf g~ dbf~mt vg bdvjymaz n}jaf b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! dbpbnam g jcpamcmevjeo vlm gnhmdvjymt

g vlm ebvjgeba fmcgd~bvjd ~myga}vjge ,EF^*! jeda}fjeo vlm d~mbvjge g b nmvvm~ ajm g~ baa! bff~mttjeo

vlm amobdz g bpb~vlmjf dgagejbajtc bef pbv~jb~dlz! bef bdvjeo bt vlm f~jyjeo g~dm g~ tgdjg#mdgegcjd

v~betg~cbvjge ,BED >00?d*% Vlm dgedmpv g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bef vlm dgccjvcmev vg tvzajeo

vlm dg}ev~z bageo jvt jcpm~bvjymt lbym ageo nmme pb~v g vlm pgajvjdba am|jdge bef tv~bvmojd bomefb g

vlm BED ge vlm v~betg~cbvjge g tvbvm bef ogym~ebedm%

Je vlm dgevm|v g Tg}vl B~jdb! vlm jcpm~bvjymt g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm ~mr}j~m vlbv! ge vlm gem lbef!

vlm r}bajvz g ajm g vlm djvjxme~z jt melbedmf vl~g}ol jcp~gymf tm~yjdm fmajym~z bef! ge vlm gvlm~lbef! djvjxme pb~vjdjpbvjge je vlm cbjetv~mbc mdgegcz jt cb|jcjtmf! pb~vjd}ab~az g~ vlgtm p~myjg}taz

cb~ojebajtmf nz vlm bpb~vlmjf tztvmc% Vlmtm vwje dlbaameomt p~mgdd}pjmf vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge bv

vlm fbwe g vlm tmdgef fmdbfm g fmcgd~bdz je Tg}vl B~jdb! wlme jvt tv~bvmojd v~betg~cbvjge gd}t

wbt ge n}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Mcpj~jdba myjfmedm! bt p~mtmevmf je vljt dlbpvm~! jefjdbvmt vlbv

vlm BED ogym~ecmev! f}~jeo vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge! tdg~mf tjoejjdbev bdljmymcmevt je tgcm b~mbt

wljam bjajeo fjtcbaaz je gvlm~t je vlm p}~t}jv g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb%

Vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge jt m|pmdvmf vg dgetgajfbvm vlm bdljmymcmevt g vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge

bef dg~~mdv jvt bja}~mt! wljam bv vlm tbcm vjcm mmdvjeo vlm c}dl emmfmf dlbeomt g~ wljdl vlm

Tg}vl B~jdbe Dgcc}ejtv Pb~vz ,TBDP* bef vlm Dgeo~mtt g Tg}vl B~jdbe V~bfm ]ejget ,DGTBV]* vlm cg~m amv#wjeo g~obejtbvjget wjvlje vlm V~jpb~vjvm Baajbedm2 b~o}m wjvl ~mob~f vg vlm tgdjba bef

mdgegcjd fjcmetjget g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Vlm Baajbedm Amv tmd}~mf vlm jetvbaabvjge g Hbdgn

X}cb bt vlm p~mtjfmev g vlm BED je vlm Fmdmcnm~ >00? Pgagkwbem ebvjgeba dgem~medm% Jvt t}ppg~v

g~ X}cb jt p~mcjtmf ge vlm dgeyjdvjge vlbv je ljc! vlm Baajbedm Amv lbt g}ef b ygjdm vlbv Cnmkj

gntd}~bevjtc lbf ymlmcmevaz dgefmcemf bt }av~b#Amvjtv% Tg! vg vlm Baajbedm Amv! vlm ~jtm g X}cb

vg vlm p~mtjfmedz g vlm BED! dg}pamf wjvl vlm f~bcbvjd mymevt g Tmpvmcnm~ >00< [vlbvS tbw Cnmkj

[~mdbaamfS bef tmym~ba kmz cjejtvm~t ~mtjoe bef vlm yjdvg~z g vlm BED je vlm >00: omem~ba mamdvjget!

wjvl X}cb btt}cjeo vlm p~mtjfmevjba ambfm~tljp g vlm dg}ev~z! cmbet b yjdvg~z bobjetv [vlmS emg#

ajnm~ba g~vlgfg|z g vlm Cnmkj p~ghmdv ,Pjaabz >00*%

2 Vlm V~jpb~vjvm Baajbedm jt vlm tv~bvmojd pgajvjdba pb~vem~tljp g ebvjgeba ajnm~bvjge g~dmt vlbv dgcp~jtmt vlm BED! TBDPbef DGTBV]! bef wljdl jt amf nz vlm BED ,BED >00?b; >00?d*% Je vljt dlbpvm~! vlm vm~c Baajbedm Amv ~mm~t vg vlm TBDPbef DGTBV]%

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Vlm jevmaamdv}ba jea}medm g vlm Baajbedm Amv wjvlje vlm BED lm~baft b pb~vjd}ab~ jfmgagojdba pb~bfjoc

bt jvt pljagtgpljdba fjtpgtjvjge o~byjvbvmt vgwb~ft b tgdjbajtv bomefb% T}dl be jfmgagojdba pb~bfjoc

jt jed~mbtjeoaz btt}cjeo p~mpgefm~bedm je fmjejeo b Tg}vl B~jdbe fmymagpcmevba tvbvm vlbv

mcplbtjtmt b ~mfjtv~jn}vjym tgdjg#mdgegcjd bpp~gbdl% Vljt jt b yb~jbvjge ge wlbv cgtv je vlm Baajbedm

Amv jevm~p~mvmf bt vlm emg#ajnm~ba mdgegcjd g~vlgfg|z vlbv dlb~bdvm~jtmf vlm ogym~ebedm g~jmevbvjge

g vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge% Omem~baaz! b tmetm g }ebejcjvz m|jtvt je vlm V~jpb~vjvm Baajbedm bng}v vlm

emmf vg ~mpgtjvjge Tg}vl B~jdb bef dgejo}~m jv bddg~fjeo vg vlm jcpm~bvjymt g b fmymagpcmevbatvbvm% Hm~mcz D~geje ,TBDP* }efm~tdg~mt vljt je vlm fmnbvm wjvl ^zbe Dgmvxmm ,Fmcgd~bvjd Baajbedm*!

ge wlmvlm~ b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm g~ b ~mm cb~kmv mdgegcz wg}af nm vlm ~jolv wbz g~wb~f g~ Tg}vl

B~jdbt o~gwvl je vlm em|v 20 zmb~t%>

D~geje b~o}mt vlbv je vlm cjf#2::0t b cmttbom vlbv wbt f~}ccmf jevg vlm Baajbedm wbt vlbv g~

o~gwvl bef fmymagpcmev! cb~kmvt tlg}af nm ajnm~bvmf! vlm p}najd tmdvg~ fgwetjxmf bef dgev~bdvmf

g}v% Vljt jt b emg#ajnm~ba bpp~gbdl vg n}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm vlbv vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge

yjog~g}taz p}~t}mf! wljdl dgev~btvt wjvl vlm Baajbedm Amvt p~gpbobvjge g b tv~geoaz tvbvm

jevm~ymevjgejtv bpp~gbdl ,Pjaabz >00 H D~geje! ^jolv ~gbf g~ o~gwvl! T}efbz Vjcmt ,2= Cbz >00:8 :*%

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Dgetgajfbvjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb q 2?

Pgajdz 2:>=2:?=% Je vljt tmcjeba wg~k! Hgletge bebaztmt bdvg~t vlbv }efm~oj~f Hbpbet t}ddmtt}a pgtv#

wb~ ~mdgetv~}dvjge bef jef}tv~jba ~mebjttbedm! bt b ~mt}av g wlbv Nmmtge ,e%f%* fmtd~jnmt bt vlm mg~vt

g b pabe ~bvjgeba tvbvm ,j%m% b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm*% Zmv wlbv jt b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm7 Hgletge ,2:*

fmjemt vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bt vlbv vzpm g tvbvm ~bvjgebaaz pabeemf je b cbeem~ vlbv cbkmt jv

pgttjnam bef emdmttb~z g~ ogym~ecmev vg jea}medm vlm fj~mdvjge bef pbdm g mdgegcjd bef tgdjba

fmymagpcmev ~bvlm~ vlbe ambyjeo jv vg vlm fjdvbvmt g vlm cb~kmvt ,tmm batg Nmmtge e%f%; Dbtvmaat 2::>;

Ckbefbwj~m 2::006*% Vlm Hbpbemtm p~gvgvzpm g tvbvm#amf jevm~ymevjge! bt m|pabjemfje Hgletget wg~k! lbt nmme mc}abvmf je dg}ev~jmt t}dl bt I~bedm! Tg}vl Kg~mb! Cbabztjb! Tjeobpg~m

bef! abvmaz! Tg}vl B~jdb ,tmm Nmmtge e%f%; Ig}~jm ) Eor}eo}wbeb >00=; Cbe}ma >00=*% 4

Je b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! vlm ogym~ecmev mtvbnajtlmt tgdjba bef mdgegcjd ogbat% _ljam vlm cmbet g

p~gf}dvjge b~m p~jybvmaz gwemf! vlm tvbvm jevm~ymemt vg p~gyjfm o}jfbedm! vg met}~m vlbv }vjajtbvjge

g vlm cmbet g p~gf}dvjge jt bjcmf bv ~mbajtjeo ebvjgeba jevm~mtvt% B tv~geo tvbvm dbpbdjvz jt d~jvjdbaaz

jcpg~vbev bt b fjtvjeo}jtljeo mbv}~m g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm; jv jt bdljmymf vl~g}ol vlm d~mbvjge

g be jem|pmetjym! mjdjmev bef mmdvjym p}najd tm~yjdm! tvbmf nz vlm ebvjget n~jolvmtv bef nmtv

tm~ybevt }edvjgejeo wjvlg}v dgetv~bjevt! bef dbpbnam g nmjeo jeegybvjym je bff~mttjeo vlm tgdjba bef

mdgegcjd emmft g vlm djvjxmet ,Nmmtge e%f%; Mybet 2::000*% Vlm Eg~vlmbtv

Btjbe tvbvmt bef Tjeobpg~m b~m pm~mdv m|bcpamt g lgw vlm dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm dg}af nm n}jav vg

cmmv vlm dlbaameomt g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Je b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm vlm ogym~ecmev jt bawbzt

meobomf je vlm pm~mdvjge g cb~kmv#dgeg~cjeo cmvlgft g tvbvm jevm~ymevjge je vlm mdgegcz vg

cb|jcjtm n}tjemtt pm~g~cbedm je vlm p~jybvm tmdvg~% B fmymagpcmevba tvbvm medg}~bomt bef tlbpmt

dg#gpm~bvjge wjvl vlm p~jybvm tmdvg~ ,Nmmtge e%f%; Mybet 2::000*% Cblbnbem

tvbvmt vlbv b kmz dgcpgemev g [vlmS fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jt jef}tv~jba pgajdz ,>00=8 006*% T}dl ~mabvjgetljpt bef emvwg~kt b~m jcpg~vbev je g~ojeo b dgccge }efm~tvbefjeo g vlm

fmymagpcmev yjtjge g vlm tvbvm bcgeo vlm fmcgd~bvjd tmdvg~t! wljdl! bddg~fjeo vg Dajv ,>004*! ~mm~t

vg ogym~ecmevt! mamdvmf bef bppgjevmf gjdjbat! cmfjb bef cbhg~ geajem pg~vbat! pgajvjdba pb~vjmt!

jevm~mtv o~g}pt! djyja tgdjmvz! vlm p~jybvm tmdvg~! jevm~ebvjgeba ogym~ecmevba g~obejtbvjget bef djvjxmet'

ygvm~t%

Cg~m vlbe vwg fmdbfmt bvm~ jvt dgedmpvjge! vlm jfmb g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm tvjaa fgcjebvmt je

dgevmcpg~b~z fjtdg}~tmt bef mygkmt dgevje}mf jevmaamdv}ba jevm~mtv% Vljt jt gtvmetjnaz nmdb}tm g

vlm bdv vlbv jv p~gyjfmt be mpjtvmcgagojdba ~bcmwg~k vg }efm~tvbef vlm tv}pmefg}t mdgegcjd

o~gwvl pm~g~cbedmt g Mbtv Btjbe dg}ev~jmt% Tjefxjeo~m ,>006* mcplbtjtmt vlbv vlm dgedmpv g vlm

fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jt tvjaa ~mamybev je vlm dgevmcpg~b~z wg~af bef dg}af nm }tmf vg }efm~tvbef vlm

mdgegcjd bja}~mt g fmymagpjeo dg}ev~jmt; tlm t}oomtvt vlm pgttjnam jcpg~vbvjge g vlm jcpm~bvjymt

g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jevg dg}ev~jmt o~bppajeo wjvl tgdjg#mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev dlbaameomt%

Tg}vl B~jdb jt gem g vlm fmymagpjeo dg}ev~jmt m|pm~jcmevjeo wjvl vlm dgedmpv g b fmymagpcmevba

tvbvm vg bdljmym tgdjba bef mdgegcjd ogbat tmv nz ogym~ecmev%

4 Tmm batg! J Cblbnbem! _madgcm vg vlm ebvjgeba vlmbv~m; b~dm jt g}~ g~v! T}efbz Vjcmt ,2? Bp~ja >00=8 00=8


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Dgetgajfbvjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb q 2:

cgtv g wljdl wm~m dbpv}~mf je vlm OMB^ [O~gwvl! Mcpagzcmev bef ^mfjtv~jn}vjgeS tv~bvmoz ,^bz

>00:*% Je 2::9 vlm BED ogym~ecmev jev~gf}dmf OMB^! wljdl! wlme dgcpb~mf vg vlm ^FP! majdjvmf

c}dl fjtbpp~gyba! cbjeaz ~gc vlm Baajbedm Amv! djyja tgdjmvz bef bdvjyjtv jevmaamdv}bat%

OMB^ wbt jev~gf}dmf bef p~mtmevmf bt b bjv bddgcpaj! nz vlm Cbefmab Dbnjemv! bcgeo vlm cgvjym

g~dmt wljdl! je BED pgajvjdba pb~abedm! ~mm~t vg vlgtm vlbv nmemjv wlme b ~myga}vjge jt yjdvg~jg}t! bef

gvme p}tl g~ jvt t}ddmtt ,BED >00?b8 2006* dbpv}~mt vljt je vlm dgevmevjge vlbv je p~bdvjdm!

OMB^ gpm~bvmf bt b lgcm#o~gwe tv~}dv}~ba bfh}tvcmev p~go~bccm% OMB^ lm~bafmf b }efbcmevba

tljv bwbz ~gc vlm tvbvjtvtm~yjdm fmajym~z cgfmat g vlm pbtv wlm~m vlm tvbvm t}ntjfjtmf bef fmajym~mf

c}ejdjpba tm~yjdmtvgwb~ft b emg#ajnm~ba tm~yjdm fmajym~z cgfma wlm~m vlm p~jybvm tmdvg~ fgcjebvmt

,CdFgebaf ) Tcjvl >00>8 2*% Je vlm abvvm~ cgfma! wlm~m OMB^ gpm~bvmt! vlm tvbvm bdvt bt b tm~yjdm

met}~m~~bvlm~ vlbe b tm~yjdm p~gyjfm~bef [p}najdS tm~yjdmt b~m ~}e cg~m ajkm n}tjemtt! wjvl jebedjbadgtv ~mdgym~z nmdgcjeo vlm cgtv mmdvjym cmbt}~m g pm~g~cbedm ,CdFgebaf ) Tcjvl >00>8 2*%

OMB^ o~byjvbvmf cg~m vgwb~ft vlm tztvmc g cb~kmv mdgegcz bt! bcgeo gvlm~ vljeot! jv bfygdbvmf

emg#ajnm~ba fmymagpcmev jejvjbvjymt bef p~bdvjdmt t}dl bt p~jybvjtbvjge! ~mf}dvjge g p}najd m|pmefjv}~m

bef v~jccjeo vlm tjxm g vlm p}najd tm~yjdm vg v~bdvbnam p~gpg~vjget% Je b cb~kmv mdgegcz! vlm ~gam g

ogym~ecmev je tlbpjeo vlm ebvjgeba fmymagpcmev bomefb jt cjejcba; vlm wmbavl jt gwemf p~jybvmaz

bef mdgegcjd ajm jt g~obejtmf bddg~fjeo vg cb~kmv p~jedjpamt ,Lmzwggf 2::?8 60>*%

Nmdb}tm g jvt jfmgagojdba o~g}efjeo je emg#ajnm~bajtc! OMB^ tv~bjemf vlm tv~bvmojd em|}t vlbv lgaft

vlm V~jpb~vjvm Baajbedm vgomvlm~% Cbefmab bef Cnmkj }~omf vlm Baajbedm Amv vg kegw jvt pabdm bef vgm

vlm ajem! t}oomtvjeo vlbv vlmz wm~m h}ejg~ pb~vem~t je vlm pgajvjdba cb~~jbom% Vlm m|dlbeomt wjvlje vlmBaajbedm wm~m tg bd~jcgejg}t vlbv bv gem pgjev Cnmkj fmdab~mf vlbv vlm gppgemevt g OMB^ ~mcjefmf

ljc g wljvm ~jolv#wjeom~t% Lm abnmaamf vlm TBDP ambfm~tljp bt bkm ~myga}vjgeb~jmt! dlb~abvbet! bef

dgejfmedm v~jdktvm~t fmvm~cjemf vg n}jaf vlmctmaymt ge vlm nbtjt g tdbymeojeo ge vlm db~dbtt g

b tbybomf BED ,Tg}vlm~e B~jdb ^mpg~v B~dljym 2::00:8 2226*%

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>0 qVlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge8 d~jvjdba dlbaameomt

Bv vlm =0vl BED ebvjgeba dgem~medm je 2::? je Cbjkmeo! wljdl wbt vlm j~tv pgajvjdba obvlm~jeo g

vlm g~obejtbvjget ljolmtv fmdjtjge#cbkjeo ngfz tjedm vlm bfgpvjge g OMB^ je 2::9! bv b vjcm wlme

OMB^ wbt vlm t}nhmdv g jm~dm pgajvjdba dgevmtvbvjget! vlm BED }eambtlmf jvt pgajvjdba bef jevmaamdv}ba

lmbyzwmjolvt! wlgtm p~mtmevbvjget je fmmedm g OMB^ amf vg jvt bfgpvjge wjvlg}v dgetjfm~bvjge g

vlm pm~tpmdvjymt g vlm Baajbedm Amv% Vljt! dg}pamf wjvl vlm vzpm g BED ambfm~tljp vlbv vlm 2::?

Cbjkmeo dgem~medm p~gf}dmf! bef wjfm#~beojeo pgwm~t ge yb~jg}t pgajvjdba bef ogym~ebedm jtt}mt

bttjoemf vg jvt p~mtjfmedz! cmbev vlbv vlm 2::9 dabtt p~ghmdv wbt dgetgajfbvmf% _jvl Cnmkj mamdvmf btjvt p~mtjfmev! vlm BED btt}cmf jfmgagojdba lmomcgez je fmjejeo bef tmvvjeo vlm bomefb g~ b Tg}vl

B~jdbe fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Vlm Baajbedm Amv agtv je Cbjkmeo! n}v jv dgevje}mf wjvl jvt cgnjajtbvjge

bobjetv OMB^ bt b tv~bvmojd v~bhmdvg~z vgwb~ft b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm% Jv dgevje}mf vg }emr}jygdbaaz

m|p~mtt jvt fjtbpp~gyba g OMB^! bt b emg#ajnm~ba pgajdz%

Igaagwjeo vlm 2::: omem~ba mamdvjget bef t}ntmr}mev yjdvg~z g vlm BED bv vlm pgaat! Cnmkj nmdbcm

vlm p~mtjfmev g Tg}vl B~jdb% Bt p~gnbnaz vlm p~jedjpba b~dljvmdv g vlm BEDt emg#ajnm~ba tv~bvmoz g

bppmbtmcmev vgwb~ft dbpjvbajtc! ngvl agdba bef oagnba! bt vlm p~mt}cpvjym meojem g Tg}vl B~jdbe

mdgegcjd v~betg~cbvjge ,Tg}vlm~e B~jdb mpg~v B~dljym 2::006* gntm~ymt! wjvl OMB^ bt vlm pgajdz g ogym~ecmev! cb~kmvt

wm~m gpmemf! vb|mt vg vlm ~jdl wm~m d}v! tvbvm bttmvt wm~m p~jybvjtmf! tm~yjdmt wm~m dgccgfjjmf! bef

tgdjba tpmefjeo wbt ~mf}dmf% OMB^ pabdbvmf vlm cb~kmvt bef vlm jevm~ebvjgeba jebedjba jetvjv}vjget!

t}dl bt vlm _g~af Nbek bef vlm JCI% ]et}~p~jtjeoaz! je ~mbdvjeo vg OMB^! Pbcmab Dg|! tpmbkjeo je

lm~ dbpbdjvz bt lmbf g vlm Tg}vl B~jdbe fjyjtjge g vlm _g~af Nbek! ~mcb~kmf vlbv wlbv vlm BED

ogym~ecmev lbf fgem vg p}v Tg}vl B~jdb ge vlm ~jolv ggvjeo wbt bacgtv cj~bd}ag}t ,je Fmtbj >006*%

Je ljt gwe wg~ft je vlm TB]T N}tjemtt bef Ijebedm Ig~}c! Cnmkj ~mbj~cmf ljt bfcjejtv~bvjget

dgccjvcmev vg OMB^ nz tvbvjeo vlbv jv wg}af met}~m vlm gaagwjeo8

Ijtdba fjtdjpajem vl~g}ol fmjdjv ~mf}dvjge; dgevje}mf ajnm~bajxbvjge g m|dlbeom dgev~gat;

bddmam~bvmf ~mf}dvjget ge vb~jt; vb| jedmevjymt vg }ef v~bjejeo; bddmam~bvmf fmajym~z ge

vlm nbdkago g tgdjba je~btv~}dv}~m; cbjevmebedm g b tvbnam bef dgcpmvjvjym m|dlbeom~bvm; abng}~ cb~kmv ~mg~c vg jed~mbtm vlm bntg~pvjym dbpbdjvz g vlm mdgegcz; bef vlm

p~jybvjtbvjge bef ~mtv~}dv}~jeo g tvbvm bttmvtIjtdba fjtdjpajem bef d}~vbjajeo jeabvjge

b~m emdmttb~z vg ~mtvg~m dgejfmedm bef d~mbvm [vlmS nbtjd meyj~gecmev wjvlje wljdl

o~gwvl dbe gdd}~% ,je Fmtbj >006*

Bv cgtv g vlm BED ebvjgeba dgem~medmt vlbv gaagwmf vlm Cbjkmeo gem je 2::?! vlm OMB^ bpp~gbdl

vgwb~ft n}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm wbt dgetjtvmevaz mefg~tmf% Bavlg}ol vlm ygjdmt g d~jvjdjtc

bobjetv vlm emg#ajnm~ba g~jmevbvjge g vlm BED t}ntmr}mevaz bppmb~mf vg lbym vgemf fgwe! vlm Baajbedm

Amv wg~kmf lb~f vg ~mdabjc jvt pgtjvjge wjvlje vlm Baajbedm bt be jea}mevjba bdvg~ je pgajdz jtt}mt% Vlm

fjtcjttba g X}cb bt vlm fmp}vz p~mtjfmev g Tg}vl B~jdb je >00=! gaagwjeo vlm dgeyjdvjge je dg}~vg ljt jebedjba bfyjtg~! p~mtmevmf be gppg~v}ejvz g~ vlm Baajbedm Amv vg dgetgajfbvm jvt mg~vt je vlm

nbvvam g~ vlm tg}a g vlm BED%

Je X}cb! vlm Baajbedm Amv tbw be bavm~ebvjym vg Cnmkj! wlg wbt dgetjfm~mf jevgam~bev g yjmwt

fjm~mf ~gc ljt gwe% Vlm Baajbedm Amv bajoemf jvtma wjvl X}cb bef! vgomvlm~ wjvl vlm BED Zg}vl

Ambo}m ,BEDZA*! BED _gcmet Ambo}m ,BED_A*! Zg}eo Dgcc}ejtv Ambo}m ,ZDA* bef mtvbnajtlmf

n}tjemttpmgpam wjvlje vlm BED wlg mav cb~ojebajtmf nz vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge! p~gyjfmf meg~cg}t

pgajvjdba t}ppg~v vg X}cb; vljt lmapmf tmd}~m ljt yjdvg~z bt vlm p~mtjfmev g vlm BED je vlm pb~vzt

Fmdmcnm~ >00? ebvjgeba dgem~medm je Pgagkwbem%

X}cb fmmbvmf Cnmkj je b jm~dmaz dgevmtvmf ambfm~tljp nbvvam g~ vlm vgp pgtjvjge je vlm BED! wjvl vlm

pgtjvjge g fmp}vz p~mtjfmev g vlm pb~vz bttjoemf vg Kobamcb Cgvabevlm bef vlm tmd~mvb~z omem~ba

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Dgetgajfbvjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb q >2

pg~vgajg vg Owmfm Cbevbtlm baa kmz g~cm~ }ejgejtvt bef TBDP cmcnm~t% Cbvvlmwt Plgtb wlg! ajkm

Vgkzg Tm|wbam! wbt be mtvbnajtlmf n}tjemttpm~tge wlg dgetpjd}g}taz t}ppg~vmf X}cb bt b dbefjfbvm

g~ BED p~mtjfmev! wbt cbfm v~mbt}~m~ omem~ba% Nbamkb Cnmvm nmdbcm vlm ebvjgeba dlbj~pm~tge bef

Vlbefj Cgfjtm vlm fmp}vz tmd~mvb~z omem~ba% _jvl vlm ~mdbaajeo g Cnmkj bt vlm p~mtjfmev g Tg}vl

B~jdb je Tmpvmcnm~ >00< bef vlm t}ntmr}mev ~mtjoebvjget g vlm fmp}vz p~mtjfmev bef b lgtv g gvlm~

cjejtvm~t! Cgvabevlm btt}cmf vlm p~mtjfmedz g Tg}vl B~jdb bef Cnmvm nmdbcm ljt fmp}vz! ~mpabdjeo

Pl}cxjam Cabcng#Eod}kb%

Vlm Cgvabevlm bfcjejtv~bvjge fjf egv bvvmcpv vg jev~gf}dm c}dl }efbcmevba pgajdz dlbeom n}v

~bvlm~ dgevje}mf wjvl vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb tmv nz vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge% Vljt wbt egv

~mbaaz t}~p~jtjeo! ojyme vlm jevm~jc tvbv}t g Cgvabevlmt p~mtjfmedz% Vlm ~gam vlbv Cgvabevlm pabzmf

bvm~ vlm BED ~mdbaamf Cnmkj tlg}af! lgwmym~! egv nm }efm~mtvjcbvmf g~ v~jyjbajtmf bt cm~maz kmmpjeo

vlm p~mtjfmevjba tmbv wb~c g~ vlm b~~jyba g X}cb% O}cmfm ,>00:* tvbvmt vlbv Cgvabevlm jetpj~mf p}najd

dgejfmedm f}~jeo vlm fjjd}av vjcmt g }edm~vbjevz bvm~ vlm ~mdbaajeo g Cnmkj bt vlm p~mtjfmev g

vlm dg}ev~z% Vlm Cgvabevlm bfcjejtv~bvjge tmv }p mcm~omedz vmbct vg d}tljge hgn agttmt! p~gpgtmf

jevm~ebvjgeba tga}vjget vg vlm oagnba jebedjba d~jtjt bef bdvjymaz medg}~bomf ~bdjba bef pgajvjdba

~mdgedjajbvjge ,O}cmfm >00:8 4>*%

Cgvabevlm p~gyjfmf ambfm~tljp je jcpamcmevjeo tgcm g vlm BEDt Pgagkwbem ebvjgeba dgem~medm

~mtga}vjget! kmz bcgeo vlmc nmjeo tjoejeo vlm amojtabvjge vlbv fjttgaymf vlm Tdg~pjget! be majvm

jeymtvjobvjge }ejv bvvbdlmf vg vlm Ebvjgeba P~gtmd}vjeo B}vlg~jvz vlbv n}jav b dbtm vlbv amf vg vlm

dg~~}pvjge dlb~omt bobjetv X}cb ,wljdl dlb~omt wm~m mymev}baaz f~gppmf*% Vlm Cgvabevlm bdvg~ je

vlm v~betg~cbvjge g Tg}vl B~jdbt tztvmc g ogym~ebedm dbe nm tbjf vg lbym lbf p~gg}ef pgajdz

jcpajdbvjget bef tlg}af egv nm joeg~mf; vlm Cgvabevlm bfcjejtv~bvjge pabzmf b d~jvjdba ~gam je met}~jeo

b tcggvl v~betjvjge ~gc vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge vg vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge% Jv cbjevbjemf tvbnjajvz

je ogym~ecmev bv vlm vjcm wlme vlm tpmdv~m g jetvbnjajvz ~mb~mf jvt cmebdjeo lmbf! gaagwjeo vlm

~mdbaajeo g Cnmkj bef t}ntmr}mev ~mtjoebvjget g tgcm cjejtvm~t wlg p~mm~~mf vg ambym wjvl ljc%

Vlm dgev~bdvt g tgcm fj~mdvg~t#omem~ba wm~m batg ~memwmf bt pb~v g Cgvabevlmt tv~bvmojd bpp~gbdlvg cbjevbjejeo tvbnjajvz je vlm bfcjejtv~bvjge g ogym~ecmev%

Vg tgcm! vlm ambfm~tljp vlbv mcm~omf bv vlm BED Pgagkwbem ebvjgeba dgem~medm g >00?! dg}pamf

wjvl vlm ~mdbaajeo g Cnmkj! tjoebaamf vlm mef g vlm 2::9 dabtt p~ghmdv% Bt Pjaabz gntm~ymt! vlm mamdvjge g

Cgvabevlm bef Cbevbtlm vg kmz tv~bvmojd pgtjvjget je vlm BED ambfm~tljp nmdb}tm g vlmj~ o~g}efjeo je

vlm Baajbedm Amv! tv~meovlmet vlm yjmw vlbv b tpbdm lbt nmme gpmemf g~ b cgym bwbz ~gc vlm Cnmkj

P~ghmdv! vgwb~ft b cg~m ~mfjtv~jn}vjym tgdjg#mdgegcjd pgajdz v~bhmdvg~z ,>00*% Vg gvlm~ bebaztvt!

lgwmym~! vlm Pgagkwbem dgem~medm fgmt egv cmbe vlm mef g vlm 2::9 dabtt p~ghmdv% Hb~b ,>00000000


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>> qVlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge8 d~jvjdba dlbaameomt

g vlm jfmgagojdba jedajebvjge g jvt dgetvjv}mevt% Je bdv! vlm geaz bdvg~ vlbv n~g}olv vgomvlm~ vlm dabtt

g g~dmt vlbv dgcp~jtm vlm baajbedm vlbv t}ppg~vmf X}cb wbt! bt Pjaabz p}vt jv! b dgccge bevjpbvlz

vgwb~ft vlm ~mabvjymaz bagg ambfm~tljp tvzam g Cnmkj ,>00*%

Tg! vlm TBDP! ZDA! DGTBV]! BED_A bef BEDZA! bef b ~beom g mtvbnajtlmf n}tjemttpmgpam wlg mav

cb~ojebajtmf nz vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge! ~mp~mtmev fjym~omev jevm~mtvt% Vlmj~ m|pmdvbvjget bef pgajdz

p~mm~medmt wg}af jemyjvbnaz yb~z je tg b~ bt vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjget p}~t}jv g b fmymagpcmevbatvbvm jt dgedm~emf% Bt pgjevmf g}v je vlm jev~gf}dvg~z pb~v g vljt dlbpvm~! vlm~m b~m vlgtm wjvlje vlm

BED! mtpmdjbaaz vlgtm wlg wm~m pb~v g vlm 2::9 dabtt p~ghmdv! wlg p~mm~ dgevje}jvz wjvl vlm Cnmkj

bfcjejtv~bvjget tv~bvmojd bpp~gbdl vg b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bef vlgtm! mtpmdjbaaz je vlm Baajbedm Amv!

wlg p~gpbobvm b }efbcmevba tljv bwbz ~gc vlm p~myjg}t tztvmc% Vlm bvvmcpv vg ebyjobvm vlmtm

m|v~mcmt jt b }efbcmevba dlbaameom g~ vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge% Bef vlm }efbcmevba r}mtvjge jt

wlmvlm~ jv jt pgttjnam vg mtvbnajtl bef dgetgajfbvm b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb p~mcjtmf ge vlm

jcpm~bvjym g vlm ~mfjtv~jn}vjym tgdjg#mdgegcjd bpp~gbdl vg v~betg~cbvjge! wjvlg}v dlbeojeo vlm

cb~kmv#nbtmf tvbnjajtbvjge pgajdjmt g vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge%?

Vg p~gyjfm b dgevm|v g~ bebaztjt g vlm dlbaameom vlbv vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge bdmt je dgetgajfbvjeo

b Tg}vl B~jdbe fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb! jv jt jcpg~vbev vlbv vlm BED ogym~ecmevt tv~bvmojd

bpp~gbdl je n}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm }efm~ vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge nm ~mamdvmf }pge ~gc

b pm~tpmdvjym jeg~cmf nz mcpj~jdba fbvb% Dgetgajfbvjge jt bng}v tgajfjzjeo wlbv ba~mbfz m|jtvt; bef

je vlm dgevm|v g vljt dlbpvm~! vljt cmbet wlbv vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge p}v je pabdm% Vlm p}~pgtm je

vljt ~mob~f jt vg fmvm~cjem wlmvlm~ vlbv wljdl m|jtvt jt wg~vl dgetgajfbvjeo ,dgevje}jvz*! g~ wlmvlm~ jv

c}tv nm dg~~mdvmf g~ fjtdb~fmf nz vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge%

Vlm BED ogym~ecmev }efm~ Cnmkj bef vlmfmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb

Bt ba~mbfz cmevjgemf! b dg}ev~z vlbv tmmkt vg bttm~v jvtma bt b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm c}tv met}~m vlbv

jvt fmymagpcmevba bomefb jt omb~mf vgwb~ft melbedjeo vlm r}bajvz g ajm g vlm djvjxme~z bef d~mbvjeo

be bpp~gp~jbvm meyj~gecmev vg cb|jcjtm vlm pb~vjdjpbvjge g djvjxmet je vlm cbjetv~mbc mdgegcz%

B fmymagpcmevba tvbvm jt p~mcjtmf ge vwg fjcmetjget vlbv b~m }efbcmevbaaz jcpg~vbev je jvt

dgedmpv}bajtbvjge! ebcmaz tgdjbabef mdgegcjdfjcmetjget% Vlm tgdjba fjcmetjge g b fmymagpcmevba

tvbvm jt bng}v bvvmcpvt vg melbedm vlm r}bajvz g ajm g vlm djvjxme~z vl~g}ol vlm p~gyjtjge g tgdjba

tm~yjdmt! wljam vlm mdgegcjd fjcmetjge jt dgedm~emf wjvl vlm cb|jcjtbvjge g djvjxme pb~vjdjpbvjge

je vlm cbjetv~mbc mdgegcz% Vljt }efm~tvbefjeo g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm wbt mcplbtjtmf bv vlm

dgem~medm g Tmejg~ Cbebomcmev Tm~yjdmt ,TCT*< je >006 bef jt }tmf bt b ~bcmwg~k g~ bebaztjt je

vljt dlbpvm~%

Vlm p}~pgtm g vlm TCT dgem~medm wbt vg meobom wjvl vlm dgedmpv g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! vg

met}~m vlbv vlm tmejg~ cbebomcmev g vlm p}najd tm~yjdm damb~az }efm~tvggf jv tg vlbv vlmz cjolv

bajoe vlmj~ ~gamt wjvl vlm fmymagpcmevba dlbaameomt bdjeo Tg}vl B~jdb! bef mmdvjymaz pabz vlmj~ pb~v

je vlm tgdjg#mdgegcjd fmymagpcmev v~bhmdvg~z vlbv vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge wbt p}~t}jeo ,Ig}~jm )

Eor}eo}wbeb >00=*% Je bff~mttjeo vlm dgem~medm! V~myg~ Cbe}ma ,>006* jefjdbvmf vlbv vlm fmjejvjge

g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! bt p~gyjfmf bngym! bppajmt vg vlm Tg}vl B~jdbe ogym~ecmev yjmw g jvt

~gam bt b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! wljdl p~jg~jvjtmt vlm ~mcgyba g pgym~vz bef vz~beez! vlm m|pbetjge

g mdgegcjd gppg~v}ejvjmt bef m|vmetjge g tm~yjdmt vg vlm pgg~% Vlm vwg fjcmetjget tgdjba bef

? C ^bz! Eg cjffam ~gbf! Ijewmmk,: Bp~ja >00:8 2226*%< N}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm8 N~jfojeo vlm obp nmvwmme vwg mdgegcjmt8 B p}najd tm~yjdm ~mtpgetm% Dgem~medm g

Tmejg~ Cbebomcmev Tm~yjdmt lmaf bv vlm Jevm~ebvjgeba Dgeymevjge Dmev~m! Dbpm Vgwe ,>0>> Tmpvmcnm~*%

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Dgetgajfbvjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb q >4

mdgegcjd g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm b~m }tmf nmagw bt be bebazvjdba ~bcmwg~k vg lmap }t }efm~tvbef

lgw vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge b~mf je vlm p}~t}jv g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb! bef vg p~gyjfm b

dgevm|v g~ ~mamdvjge ge vlm dlbaameom bdjeo vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge je vljt ~mob~f%

Vlm tgdjba fjcmetjge gi b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm

Vg ~mbajtm vlm tgdjba jcpm~bvjym g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! wljdl! je vlm dgevm|v g Tg}vl B~jdb! jt bng}v

m~bfjdbvjge g pgym~vz bef m|vmetjge g nbtjd tm~yjdmt vg vlm pgg~! jv jt jcpg~vbev vlbv vlm tv~bvmojd

dbpbdjvz g vlm dg}ev~zt tztvmc g ogym~ecmev nm melbedmf% Bt gem g vlm }efbcmevba dlb~bdvm~jtvjdt

g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! b gd}t ge tv~bvmojd dbpbdjvz jt dgedm~emf wjvl vlm fmcgd~bvjd ebv}~m g! bef

pmgpam#dmev~mf bef pmgpam#f~jyme bpp~gbdl vg! fmymagpcmev bef dlbeom% Vg melbedm vlm r}bajvz

g ajm g vlm djvjxmet! jv jt jcpg~vbev vlbv ogym~ecmev tlg}af! bv baa vjcmt! lbym b damb~ }efm~tvbefjeo

g vlmj~ emmft bef m|pmdvbvjget% Vljt dbe geaz nm ~mbajtmf vl~g}ol meobojeo djvjxmet je fmjejeo b

dgccge ebvjgeba bomefb bef je cgnjajtjeo baa [g vlmcS vg vbkm pb~v je [jvtS jcpamcmevbvjge ,BED

>00?b8 26*%

Vlm tgdjba fjcmetjge g vlm fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb g vlm BED ogym~ecmev lbt bawbzt nmme

bng}v pgym~vz baamyjbvjge bef vlm p~gyjtjge g nbtjd tm~yjdmt vg vlm pgg~% Vljt jt }efm~tdg~mf je vlm ^FP,BED 2::6b*! wljdl jt omem~baaz dgetjfm~mf b p~gf}dv g b pmgpam#f~jyme bpp~gbdl vg fmymagpcmev

bef dlbeom% Jv dg}af nm b~o}mf vlbv vljt bpp~gbdl vg dlbeom bef vlm ~mabvjym dgetmet}t bcgeo vlm

cgvjym g~dmt wbt tpgjav wjvl vlm jev~gf}dvjge g OMB^ bef vlm mcm~omedm g vlm 2::9 dabtt p~ghmdv

wljdl fgcjebvmf vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge% Bt egvmf mb~ajm~! OMB^ wbt egv vlm p~gf}dv g dgetmet}t% Jv

wbt jcpgtmf! bef vlm~mg~m egv n}jav ge pgp}ab~ amojvjcbdz% ]eajkm vlm FP! OMB^ wbt ~mhmdvmf nz vlm

Baajbedm Amv bef c}dl g djyja tgdjmvz! ge vlm nbtjt g egv nmjeo b pmgpam#dmev~mf bef pmgpam#f~jyme

pgajdz g ogym~ecmev% Jetvmbf g bff~mttjeo vlm emmft g vlm pmgpam! OMB^t emg#ajnm~ba g~jmevbvjge

pabdbvmt vlm cb~kmvt% Jv jt egv njbtmf vgwb~ft vlm pgg~ bef bjamf vg }ejvm vlm cgvjym g~dmt b~g}ef vlm

EF^ bef gd}t vlmc je gem fj~mdvjge% Jv wbt je vlm dgevm|v g vlm dgevmtvbvjget vlbv OMB^ meomefm~mf

je vlm V~jpb~vjvm Baajbedm vlbv vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge lbf vg db~ym jvt tv~bvmojd ejdlm je vlm p}~t}jvg b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm%

Vlm BEDt p~mgdd}pbvjge f}~jeo vlm Cbefmab bfcjejtv~bvjge lbf nmme ge p}vvjeo je pabdm vlm

g~obejtbvjgeba bef pgajdz ~bcmwg~k vg bff~mtt vlm amobdz g bpb~vlmjf% Vljt wbt cbjeaz bng}v

melbedjeo vlm g~obejtbvjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm vg met}~m vlbv vlm tv~}dv}~mt bef tztvmct g

ogym~ecmev wm~m omb~mf vgwb~ft vlm ~mbajtbvjge g vlm ebvjgeba bomefb% _lme Cnmkj vggk gym~ je

2::: ljt bfcjejtv~bvjge dgevje}mf wjvl vlm vbtk g n}jafjeo vlm g~obejtbvjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm!

bef jvt tv~bvmojd v~betg~cbvjge gd}t wbt ab~omaz ge n}jafjeo vlm tvbvmt vmdlejdba dbpbdjvz vg v~betabvm

vlm n~gbf gnhmdvjymt g ogym~ecmev jevg jcpamcmevbnam p~go~bccmt bef p~ghmdvt vg bdljmym b

fmymagpcmevba tvbvm bomefb% Vlm r}mtvjge jt8 lgw fjf vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge b~m je jvt p}~t}jv g vlm

tgdjba fjcmetjge g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm7 Bvvmcpvjeo vg betwm~ vljt r}mtvjge jt jcpg~vbev je g~fm~

vg p~gyjfm b dgevm|v}ba ~bcmwg~k g~ ~mamdvjge ge vlm dlbaameomt bdmf nz vlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge

je vlm p}~t}jv g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm%

Vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjget pm~ig~cbedm je tgdjba tm~yjdmt p~gyjtjge

Pb~bfg|jdbaaz! wjvl jvt OMB^ bpp~gbdl vg n}jafjeo b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm! vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjge

bppmb~t vg lbym tdg~mf tjoejjdbev bdljmymcmevt! wljdl b~m! lgwmym~! tv~geoaz dgevmtvmf je tgcm

r}b~vm~t% Bvm~ jym zmb~t g nmjeo vlm p~mtjfmev g vlm dg}ev~z ,wljdl jt b ~mbtgebnam pm~jgf vg baagw g~

bttmttcmev g vlm pm~g~cbedm g vlm BED ogym~ecmev f}~jeo ljt bfcjejtv~bvjge*! Cnmkj mabng~bvmf

ge vlm t}ddmttmt g ogym~ecmev je ljt Tvbvm g vlm Ebvjge bff~mtt g 22 Imn~}b~z >00=% Lm ~mpg~vmfvg vlm ebvjge vlbv :0 pm~ dmev g vlm djvjxmet majojnam g~ tgdjba o~bevt wm~m vlme ~mdmjyjeo vlmc ,Cnmkj

>00=*% _~jvjeo je Tm~yjdm Fmajym~z myjmw! vlm fmp}vz p~mtjfmev bv vlm vjcm! Pl}cxjam Cabcng#Eod}kb!

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>6 qVlm X}cb bfcjejtv~bvjge8 d~jvjdba dlbaameomt

dg~~gng~bvmf vlbv vlm nmemjdjb~jmt g tgdjba o~bevt jed~mbtmf ~gc >!9 cjaajge je 2::6 vg :!? cjaajge

je H}em >00= ,>00?8 26*% Vlm P}najd Tm~yjdm Dgccjttjget ,PTD >00?* Tvbvm gi vlm P}najd Tm~yjdm ^mpg~v

}~vlm~ bvvmtvmf vlbv mg~vt t}dl bt tgdjba tmd}~jvz bef tgdjba bttjtvbedm p~go~bccmt lbf ~mbdlmf

cbez nmemjdjb~jmt%

Bv vlm vjcm wlme Cnmkj wbt ~mdbaamf bt p~mtjfmev g vlm dg}ev~z je Tmpvmcnm~ >00

tgdjba o~bevt lbf jed~mbtmf f~bcbvjdbaaz vg 2>%= cjaajge pmgpam! g wlgc < cjaajge wm~m dljaf~me ,BED>00:*% Vljt bppmb~t vg nm bcgeo vlm pgtjvjym dgetmr}medmt g vlm Cnmkj bfcjejtv~bvjget fmdjtjge vg

d~mbvm vlm Tg}vl B~jdbe Tgdjba Tmd}~jvz Bomedz ,TBTTB* vg meomefm~ mjdjmedz bef mmdvjymemtt je vlm

bfcjejtv~bvjge g tgdjba tmd}~jvz tm~yjdmt% TBTTB wbt mtvbnajtlmf je >006! je vm~ct g vlm Tg}vl B~jdbe

Tgdjba Tmd}~jvz Bomedz Bdv ,Eg% : g >006*! bt b p}najd mevjvz bttjoemf vlm cbefbvm g p~gyjfjeo r}bajvz

tgdjba tmd}~jvz tm~yjdmt! jeda}fjeo pbzcmev g tgdjba o~bevt vg nmemjdjb~jmt% Jvt mtvbnajtlcmev melbedmt

vlm g~obejtbvjgeba dbpbdjvz g vlm tvbvm je vlm p}~t}jv g vlm tgdjba jcpm~bvjymt g b fmymagpcmevba tvbvm

bomefb% Omyjttm~ w~jvmt vlbv Cnmkjt o~mbvmtv yjdvg~z! egv gvme#meg}ol lbjamf! jt vlbv ljt ogym~ecmev

tjoejjdbevaz bavm~mf vlm p~gjam g pgym~vz je vlm dg}ev~z vl~g}ol vlm cbttjym tgdjba#o~bev p~go~bccm

,>00:8 2?*%

Vlm PTDt Tvbvm gi vlm P}najd Tm~yjdm ^mpg~v ,>00?* bfyjtmt vlbv tgdjba tmd}~jvz bef tgdjba bttjtvbe

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The Zuma Administration: Critical challenges