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Theme 4: Nanoparticles Ecosystems Impact
1.Plant Nano-Ecotoxicology Issues/Concerns
2.Overall 8 goals for the next 10 years
Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, PhD Dudley Professor of Chemistry and
Environmental Science & Engineering University of Texas at El Paso
Theme 4: Use of Nanomaterials in Agricultural Activities
Hong, J., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. 2013 Nanomaterials in agricultural production: benefits and possible threats? In: Green Nanotechnology and the Environment Edited by Shamin, N. and Sharma, V. K. ACS Symposium Series
Vol. 1124, 73-90 (DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1124).
NSF: EF-0830117
Nano-fertilizer
http://www.sulit.com.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/4176651/TRIGROW
+NANO+ORGANIC+FERTILIZER+THE+WAY+TO+A++MODERN+AGRICULTURE
Total Nitrogen …………..……10.6%
Ammoniacal Nitrogen …...… 7.2%
Nitrate Nitrogen ………………0.4%
Total Phosphorous (P205)…..0.9%
Total Potassium (K20) ……....11.0%
Organic Matter …………….…46.0%
Ammonium Citrate
Soluble Phosporous ……..… 8.3%
Citric Acid Soluble
Potassium (K20) ……………..10.9%
Citric Acid Soluble
Magnesium Oxide (Ca-MgO)…1.0%
Water Soluble Boron ……….<0.001%
No information about the nanoparticles
Nano-fertilizer (Unknown composition)
Produce healthier plants (http://www.nafertino.com.tw/en/testimonial/147)
Organic nanofertilizers are rich in nutrients, organic acids and aminoacids. Produce better fruits (http://www.nafertino.com.tw/en/testimonial/121)
Nano-herbicide (Unknown composition)
Lambsquarters 4 days after treatment with herbicide plus NanoBoost. Photo taken in Upper-Midwest Soybeans. (http://www.montysplantfood.com/wordpress/?p=132)
Resistant marestail in Mississippi River Delta - TN Row Crops. Left side was treated with herbicide only; Right side received herbicide plus NanoBoost. Photo taken at 9 days. (http://www.montysplantfood.com/wordpress/?p=132)
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
Nanopesticide
Nano Bio Marketing 2011. http://nanobiomarketing.com/en/ contents/view/knowledge/101
Smart delivery systems
Nanofertilizers 7
“GRAND ENTRY TO THE FOODCHAIN”
Nano-pesticide
November, 2011: The U.S.
Environmental Protection
Agency granted the first
approval for a nanopesticide:
HieQ, a Swiss-made
Antimicrobial nanosilver
product used in Fabrics.
http://nanoall.blogspot.com/2011/01/smart-nano-pesticides.html
• Cu NPs, 40nm
• Cu Bulk, <60 µm
• CuO NPs <50nm
• CuO Bulk, <5µm
• Cu(OH)2 DuPont kocide 2005 (Fungicide/Bactericide)
• Cu(OH)2 DuPont kocide 3000
• (Minimal dose recommended: 84 mg/m2)
• CuCl2
In summary, not Enough Information on Nanotoxicology in Crops
Currently we are working with Cu-Microcosm studies
* * * * * * *
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Ro
ot
Len
gth
(cm
) Treatment
control
5 mg/L
10 mg/L
20 mg/L
Effects of Cu compounds/NPs in alfalfa root elongation
Is the food chain compromised?
Direct
consumption
by human
NPs
Through food chain
Nanoparticles
(NPs)
What is the Fate of Nanoparticles in Crops?
Overall 8 goals for the next 10 years
Transformation of Nanoparticles in Sludge and Waste Water
Streams
What is the composition of these
NPs? Are the NPs polar, non-
polar? How will this affect
crops?
Interaction of NP
with other sludge
constituents
NP
NP
Potential Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Biotransformation of
Nanoparticles/Bulk Compounds in Different Crops
NPs/compounds
NPs
Surface modified NPs, e.g. soil
organic matter
Other forms of NPs
NPs?
Effects on plant’s
metabolic activities
Impact of surface
modifications
Threaten food safety?
CeO2 NPs
ZnO NPs
TiO2 NPs
CuO NP
Cu NPs
Carbon nanotubes
Nutritional Effects of Nanoparticles on Crops
Untreated
Control
NP exposed
Fruit size/no.
Fruit quality
• Micro/macro
Nutrients
• Sugars
• Proteins
• Antioxidants
Trans-generational Transfer of Nanoparticles
CeO2 NPs/
ZnO NPs/
TiO2 NPs/
CuO NPs/
Cu NPs/
Carbon nanotubes
• Transfer of NP to
next generation
• Biotransformation
of NP in fruits
What happens in next
generations?
NPs?
Determine the Effect of Prolonged NP Exposure in Soil and Crops
SOIL TYPE: pH, Texture, Cation exchange
capacity, Organic matter, Salinity
Soil composition, organic acids
Interactions of soil micro-organisms and crops (with Theme 4 Holden
et al)
SILT SAND
CLAY NPs: CeO2 NPs/ ZnO NPs/
TiO2 NPs/ CuO NPs/ Cu
NPs/ Carbon nanotubes
High organic matter
containing soil Sandy soil with less
micropore space
Loamy soil with good
micro- and macro-spore
space
Biotransformation depending on soil composition, pH, organic acids, etc.
(with Theme 3, Keller et al)
Impact of Chronic Exposure to Low Concentrations of NPs on
Perennial Crops
NP Long Time Exposure
Reduces plant life
time?
Reduces crop yield?
Reduces food
quality?
Disturbs symbiotic
association?
Disturbs plant
defense mechanisms?
Pathogenic fungi
Pathogenic bacteria
e.g. Pseudomonas
Impact/interaction of NPs with Plant Growth Hormones What are the effects on agronomic parameters controlled by phytohormones?
Germination
Water uptake
Plant development
Flowering
Fruiting
Root development
Metabolic processes
Senescence
Food quality
Plant Hormones Indole Acetic Acid
CeO2 NPs
ZnO NPs
TiO2 NPs
CuO NP
Cu NPs
Carbon nanotubes