There is no word for “of” There is no word for “of” in Hebrewin Hebrew

#r<a'h#r<a'h' %l,m, ' %l,m,

BB The king of the land The king of the land

%l,m,h%l,m,h; db,[, ; db,[,

BB The servant of the king The servant of the king

vyaih' vyaih' lwOq lwOq

BB The voice of the man The voice of the man

%l,m,h%l,m,h; db,[, ; db,[,

BB The servant of the king The servant of the king

AbsoluteAbsolute ConstructConstruct

You can have multiple constructs, You can have multiple constructs, but only one absolutebut only one absolute

• Cannot be separatedCannot be separated

• Are either entirely definite or entirely Are either entirely definite or entirely indefiniteindefinite

vyaih' vyaih' lwOq lwOq

BB The voice of the man The voice of the man

vyai vyai lwOq lwOq

BB A voice of a man A voice of a man

• Cannot be separatedCannot be separated

• Are either entirely definite or entirely Are either entirely definite or entirely indefiniteindefinite

• Can have multiple construct nounsCan have multiple construct nouns

AMai ybia]-tyBe AMai ybia]-tyBe tx;P;v.mi-lK'-la,w> tx;P;v.mi-lK'-la,w>

(Judges 9:1)

And toAnd toallallof the of the clanclan

of the of the sonson

of the of the fatherfather

of his of his mothermother

• Cannot be separatedCannot be separated

• Are either entirely definite or entirely Are either entirely definite or entirely indefiniteindefinite

• Can have multiple construct nounsCan have multiple construct nouns

• Can be joined by a MaqqefCan be joined by a Maqqef

dwIDdwID"-!B,"-!B,

BB Son of David Son of David

• Cannot be separatedCannot be separated

• Are either entirely definite or entirely Are either entirely definite or entirely indefiniteindefinite

• Can have multiple construct nounsCan have multiple construct nouns

• Can be joined by a MaqqefCan be joined by a Maqqef

• Because they cannot be separated, Because they cannot be separated, adjectives must come after the chain adjectives must come after the chain (but will agree in number and gender (but will agree in number and gender with the noun they modify)with the noun they modify)

bAJh; #r<a'h' bAJh; #r<a'h' %l,m,%l,m,

hb'AJh; hb'AJh; #r<a'h' %l,m,#r<a'h' %l,m,

(The good king of the land)(The good king of the land)

(The king of the good(The king of the good land)land)

(Masculine)(Feminine)(Masculine)

(Masculine)(Feminine)(Feminine)

• A construct chain is pronounced as A construct chain is pronounced as though it were a single wordthough it were a single word

• A construct chain is pronounced as A construct chain is pronounced as though it were a single wordthough it were a single word

• The construct noun surrenders its The construct noun surrenders its primary accentprimary accent!!BBee

becomesbecomes!!B,B,

(son of)(son of)lKlKoo

becomesbecomeslKlK''

(all of)(all of)ddy"y"

ddy:y:

becomesbecomes (hand of)(hand of)

• A construct chain is pronounced as A construct chain is pronounced as though it were a single wordthough it were a single word

• The construct noun surrenders its The construct noun surrenders its primary accentprimary accent

• Masculine plural endings changeMasculine plural endings change~yhil~yhil{a/ {a/

becomesbecomesyhelyhel{a/ {a/ ~yn~yn

IB'IB'becomesbecomes

ynynEB.EB.

• A construct chain is pronounced as A construct chain is pronounced as though it were a single wordthough it were a single word

• The construct noun surrenders its The construct noun surrenders its primary accentprimary accent

• Masculine plural endings changeMasculine plural endings change

• Feminine singular endings changeFeminine singular endings change

hr'AThr'ATbecomesbecomeshnEhnEv' v'

becomesbecomes

tr;ATtr;ATtn:vtn:v

..

• Some monosyllabic words add a yod Some monosyllabic words add a yod to their stem in the construct stateto their stem in the construct state

ba'ba' becomesbecomesybia}ybia}xa'xa' becomesbecomesyxia}yxia}

• Two nouns in a construct chainTwo nouns in a construct chain

~yvid"Q\~yvid"Q\h; vd<qoh; vd<qo““Holy of holies”Holy of holies”

• Two nouns in a construct chainTwo nouns in a construct chain

~yrIyVih~yrIyVih; ryvi; ryvi““Song of songs”Song of songs”

• Two nouns in a construct chainTwo nouns in a construct chain

~ynIdoa]h' ~ynIdoa]h' ynEdoa]w: ynEdoa]w:

~yhil{a/h' yhel{a/ ~yhil{a/h' yhel{a/

““God of gods and Lord of lords” God of gods and Lord of lords” (Deuteronomy 10:17)(Deuteronomy 10:17)

• Two nouns in a construct chainTwo nouns in a construct chain

• The joining of with .The joining of with .!!mmii

lKlKoolAdG"h;-lAdG"h;-

d[;w> !d[;w> !joQ'h;-!mijoQ'h;-!mi

““From the smallest to the greatest” From the smallest to the greatest” (1 Samuel 30:19)(1 Samuel 30:19)

Son as a Figurative TermSon as a Figurative Term• A “son of the possession” (A “son of the possession” (qv,m,‑!b,qv,m,‑!b,) )

was an heir (Genesis 15:2).was an heir (Genesis 15:2).

• A “son of a house”(A “son of a house”(ytiyBe‑!b,ytiyBe‑!b,) is one ) is one who is such a close friend that he is like a who is such a close friend that he is like a member of the family (Genesis 15:3).member of the family (Genesis 15:3).

• A “son of death” (A “son of death” (tw<m'‑!b,tw<m'‑!b,) is one ) is one who deserves to die (1 Samuel 20:31) or who deserves to die (1 Samuel 20:31) or who has been condemned to die (Psalm who has been condemned to die (Psalm 102:20).102:20).

• A “son of Gehinnon” is someone who is A “son of Gehinnon” is someone who is bound for hell (Matthew 23:15).bound for hell (Matthew 23:15).

Son as a Figurative TermSon as a Figurative Term

• Look at the term “son” (Look at the term “son” (!b!b) as it is used in ) as it is used in Genesis 17:1.Genesis 17:1.

And when Abram was ninety And when Abram was ninety years old and nine…years old and nine…

~y[iv.Ti-!B, ~y[iv.Ti-!B, ~r"b.a; yhiy>w: ~r"b.a; yhiy>w: ~ynIv' [v;tew> ~ynIv' [v;tew>

hn"v'hn"v'

Son as a Figurative TermSon as a Figurative Term

• Look at the term “son” (Look at the term “son” (!b!b) as it is used in ) as it is used in Genesis 17:1.Genesis 17:1.

• Look at the term “sons” (Look at the term “sons” (ynbynb) as it is ) as it is used in Jeremiah 48:45.used in Jeremiah 48:45.

!b,a,!b,a,

Stone

!b,a,!b,a,Then Samuel took a stone and set it between Mizpah and Shen, and named it Ebenezer, saying, “Thus far the LORD has helped us.” (1 Samuel 7:12).

rz<[erz<[eh' !h' !b,a, b,a,

WnrWnr"z"[] "z"[]

hm'd'a]hm'd'a]

Ground, land, earth

by"a'by"a'

Enemy

rf'B'rf'B'

Meat, flesh

tyrIB.tyrIB.

Covenant

lWbG> lWbG>

Border, boundary

lyIx;lyIx;

Wealth, army

lWxlWxBB Firm, strong Firm, strong

ds,x,ds,x,

Lovingkindness

loyalty

vd,xovd,xo

Month (new moon)

vd'vd'x' x'

BB New New

dy"dy"

HandtwtwOdOdy"y"

(Plural)(Plural)

tw<m' tw<m'

DeathtwtwOOmm

(construct form)(construct form)

hJ,m; hJ,m;

Staff, rod, branch, tribe

rB'd>mirB'd>mi

Wilderness

dA[ dA[

Again, still, as long as

t[e t[e

Time

He will be like a tree He will be like a tree firmly firmly planted by streams planted by streams of water, of water,

Which yields its fruit in its Which yields its fruit in its seasonseason (Ps 1:3) (Ps 1:3)

hl'[ohl'[o

Burnt offering

hl'['

B To ascend

~ynIP'~ynIP'

Face

!aoc!aoc

Flock of sheep or goats

lg<r, lg<r,

Foot