Thermo 8e Chap 1 Lecture

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION AND

BASIC CONCEPTS

Lecture slides by

Mehmet Kanoglu

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Education. Permission reuired !or reproduction or display.

Thermodynam!"# An Engneerng A$$roa!h%th Edton

&unu" A' (engel) M!hael A' Bole"

M!*ra+,Hll) -.1/


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O0e!t2e"

# $denti!y the uniue %ocabulary associated with

thermodynamics through the precise de!inition o!basic concepts to !orm a sound !oundation !or the

de%elopment o! the principles o! thermodynamics.

# &e%iew the metric '$ and the English unit systems.

# E(plain the basic concepts o! thermodynamics such

as system) state) state postulate) euilibrium)

process) and cycle.

# &e%iew concepts o! temperature) temperature scales)pressure) and absolute and gage pressure.

# $ntroduce an intuiti%e systematic problem-sol%ing

techniue.


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THERMOD&NAMICS AND ENER*&

# Thermodynam!"+The science o!

energy.# Energy+The ability to cause changes.

# The name thermodynamicsstems !romthe Gree, words thermeheat anddynamispower.

# Con"er2aton o3 energy $rn!$le+/uring an interaction) energy can change!rom one !orm to another but the totalamount o! energy remains constant.

# Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

# The 3r"t la+ o3 thermodynam!"+0ne(pression o! the conser%ation o! energyprinciple.

# The !irst law asserts that energy is athermodynamic property.


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# The "e!ond la+ o3 thermodynam!"#$t asserts that energy has qualityas wellas quantity, and actual processes occurin the direction o! decreasing uality o!energy.

# Cla""!al thermodynam!"+0macroscopic approachto the study o!thermodynamics that does not reuire a,nowledge o! the beha%ior o! indi%idual

particles.

# $t pro%ides a direct and easy way to thesolution o! engineering problems and itis used in this te(t.

# Stat"t!al thermodynam!"+0microscopic approach) based on thea%erage beha%ior o! large groups o!indi%idual particles.

# $t is used in this te(t only in thesupporting role.


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A$$l!aton Area" o3 Thermodynam!"

0ll acti%ities in nature in%ol%e some interaction between

energy and matter3 thus) it is hard to imagine an area

that does not relate to thermodynamics in some manner.


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IMPORTANCE O4 DIMENSIONS AND UNITS

# 0ny physical uantity can be characteri6ed by dmen"on".

# The magnitudes assigned to the dimensions are calledunt".

# 'ome basic dimensions such as mass m) length L) time t)and temperature T are selected as $rmaryor 3undamentaldmen"on") while others such as %elocity V) energy E) and%olume V are e(pressed in terms o! the primary dimensionsand are called "e!ondary dmen"on") or der2eddmen"on".

# Metr! SI "y"tem+0 simple and logical system based on adecimal relationship between the %arious units.

# Engl"h "y"tem+$t has no apparent systematic numericalbase) and %arious units in this system are related to eachother rather arbitrarily.


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Some SI and

Engl"h Unt"

9or, : ;orce /istance

< = : < >?m

< cal : 1.


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DENSIT& AND SPECI4IC *RA6IT&

/ensity is

mass per unit%olume3

speci!ic %olume

is %olume per

unit mass.

S$e!3! gra2ty+The ratioo! the density o! a

substance to the density o!some standard substance ata speci!ied temperatureusually water at 1FC.

Den"ty

S$e!3! +eght+The

weight o! a unit %olumeo! a substance.

S$e!3! 2olume


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Thermo 8e Chap 1 Lecture