Thermochemical Power Group DIME – University of Genoa (Italy)tpg.unige.it

Poligenerazione/ Flessibilizzazione/ Accumulo energetico nei grandi impianti per l'energia

Thermochemical Power Group

Relatori: Prof. Alberto Traverso, Ing. Alessandro Sorce

Objectives

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o Thermochemical Power Group in a nutshell

o Il futuro dei grandi impianti per l’energia

Scientific activities Publications, Awards, Patents, Spin-off¾ 290 International Papers - 180 Journals (1998-2017).¾ 16 International Awards (1998-2017)¾ 14 patents (2000-2017);¾ 1 spin off (H2boat).

FundingInternational 65% (35% EU)National 35%

Thermochemical Power Group

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Established in 1998 (23 people)

Permanent Staff(2 FP and 4 AP)

Assistant Professors

(1)

Associate Researchers

(8)

PhD Students(7)

Technicians(1)

TPG major International partnersTPG Network

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National Energy Technology Lab (US)National Fuel Cell

Research Centre (US)

Technological Park of Itaipú (PY) Istituto Tecnologico

de Aeronautica (BR)

Shanghai Jiaotong University (PRC)

(UK)(USA)

LG Fuel Cell Systems (KR)

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TPG Research Areas

Rolls Royce UTC

Hydromethane

Test RigsRenewables and Storage

H2020 projects

Simulation Tools

Fincantieri Joint Lab

Thermochemical Power Group

European Projects2000- 2017

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Innovative Energy Systems LaboratoryIES Lab

Complete description of experimental facilities on the website:

http://www.tpg.unige.it/TPG/

The TPG Laboratories are based inside the

University Campus in Savona (50 km

from Genova)

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Component and System Modelling

Since 2004…

Fuel Cell University Technology Center

Real time control

algorithms

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..and LG Fuel Cell Systems

TPG-NETL collaborationThe present and future

Now The Cooperative Research And Development Agreement (CRADA) no. AGMT-0562

signed between

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

and

UNIVERSITY OF GENOA

after 6 (six) years of negotiation!

Scope of the work (not limited to):- Research facility upgrades on fuel cell and gas turbine hybrids- Innovative control system development and validation- Compressor surge investigation under large variable volumes

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HI-SEA Joint Laboratory

Hydrogen Initiative for Sustainable Energy Applications

Genova HI-SEA

Univesity of Genova

The sea ahead

The largest PEM fuel cell laboratory systems of the worldspecifically designed for marine applications assessment

Basic DesignAssessment of Fuel Cell

Systems for marine applications: Mega Yacht,

Navy, Passenger Ships, Ferries

NumbersFuel Cell Power 130kW + 130kW Two DC/DC converter 350-600 VOne AC/DC 60kW

Analysis to be completedfuel cell H2/Air 30 kWfuel cell system H2/AIR of 130 kWfuel cell system H2/AIR of 130+130 kWoperating series-parallelbattery simulationfault simulation

System SizingDynamic simulations of Fuel

Cells and Metal Hydrides storage systems coupling

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Spin-Off

Hydrogen to Boatis an innovative system designed to

provide electrical energy for auxiliary systems and also for the propulsion of

sailboat up to 40 ft (12 m).

Patented DesignSpecial Metal Hydride hydrogen storage system integrated inside the keel for sailboats

H2Boat solutionDesign and analysis of electric systems for sailboats through dynamic simulations, laboratory test campaign and prototypes construction

Links:www.h2boat.it - Official Website www.unige.it/unimprese/H2BOAT - H2BOAT Soc. Coop. a.r.l

RESDynamic analysis of RES production onboard boats

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Impact and Expected Results The PHCC will reach maturity in 2023, with 5 revampedplants and 1 new plant (600MW) per year, targeting aninitial market of around 800 M€/yr. A single PHCC plant willallow an yearly saving of 5000t of natural gas, 72320 tCO2eq. emissions. PH-CC aims to become a new paradigm forGT and CC power plants, for both retrofit and newapplications, paving the way for further renewable sources.

Project ObjectiveTo enhance Combined Cycle (CC) power flexibility, thePUMP-HEAT project proposes an innovative concept basedon the coupling of a fast-cycling highly efficient Heat Pump(HP) with CCs. The integrated system features ThermalStorage and predictive control for smart scheduling.The CC integration with a HP and a cold/hot thermal storagebrings to a reduction of the Minimum Environmental Load(MEL) and to an increase in power ramp rates, while enablingpower augmentation at full load and increasing electrical gridresilience and flexibility.ApproachIn the PUMP-HEAT Combined Cycle (PHCC), demonstratedat TRL 6:- the HP is controlled to modulate power in order to cope with

the CC primary reserve market constraints;- the high-T heat can be exploited in district heating network;- HP cooling can be used for gas turbine power boost

Performance Untapped Modulation for Power and Heat via Energy Accumulation Technologies

- the HP will includean innovative bi-phase expander toincrease the overallefficiency.

LARGE SIZE POWER PLANT: PUMP-HEAT

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Thermochemical Power Group DIME – University of Genoa (Italy)tpg.unige.it

Poligenerazione/ Flessibilizzazione/ Accumulo energetico nei grandi impianti per l'energia

13

Relatori: Prof. Alberto Traverso, Ing. Alessandro Sorce

Combined Cycle Actual ConditionWhich Future for Large Scale Thermal Power Plant?

(a) (b)

(a) CC Efficiency: trend over the last years for specific European countries1(b) Net operating electrical efficiencies of CCGTs in Europe in 2010 (publication still draft)2

Expectation:- Design efficiency over 55% (up to 62% for new installation) + NG fuel => Low Carbon Footprint- High Operating Flexibility => Suitable for Ancillary ServicesReality:- Low power prices have reduced the profitability of power generation- Service factor reduction => less operative hours, reduced efficiency; not economically sustainable1 AEEGSI, Relazione 24 Giugno 2016, 339/2016/l/efr; http://www.autorita.energia.it/it/docs/16/339-16.htm, Department of Energy & Climate Change, DIGEST OF UNITED KINGDOM ENERGY STATISTICS 2015, Ecofys,International comparison of fossil power efficiency and CO2 intensity - Update 2014 Final Report2 European IPPC Bureau, BREF for LARGE Combustion Plant, Final Draft (June 2016)

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Electrical Market EffectWhich Future for Large Scale Thermal Power Plant?

Since 2009 Low power prices have reduced the profitability of power generation => CCGT CyclingCCGT due to high marginal costs, have been pushed out from the system, decreasing their running hoursMGP can not sustain the CCGT MSD (ancillary services) gives some opportunities as price but volumes are little

PUN is globally reducing with also a reduction of the yearly variability.Reduction in daily spread makes: Electricity Arbitragevia Electric Energy Storage less favourable.

50° 75° 95°1h 27,9 37,5 67,22h 24,5 31,6 59,93h 20,5 26,7 51,3EE

S ch

arge

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ischa

rge

2017 Daily Spread Opportunity [euro]pctl

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Market Opportunity: Power 2 ProcessWhich Future for Large Scale Thermal Power Plant?

9 Electricity Price is globally reducing with some experience of zero and negative price (e.g. Germany) due to over-generation from Not Dispatchable RES.

9 Energy Intensive Process should become Grid Stabilizer increasing the electricity consumption capacity during low or negative price periods (Smart Load).

9 The process should create a product sold by-itself without come back to electricity (no-round trip efficiency)

9 Power 2 Heat => cold and heat production for DHN integrationi) absorbing electricity during high RES production and low price periods,ii) using the TES for Thermal and equivalent electric arbitrage,iii) reducing economic and environmental costs to fulfill thermal demand;

9 Power 2 Chemical => green Chemical production (e.g. Carbon fuel or reactant) i)Global CO2 emissions reduction ii)Fossil fuel consumption reduction iii)Production of innovative fuel with low carbon-footprint

MefCO2Methanol fuel from CO2

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Impact and Expected Results The PHCC will reach maturity in 2023, with 5 revampedplants and 1 new plant (600MW) per year, targeting aninitial market of around 800 M€/yr. A single PHCC plant willallow an yearly saving of 5000t of natural gas, 72320 tCO2eq. emissions. PH-CC aims to become a new paradigm forGT and CC power plants, for both retrofit and newapplications, paving the way for further renewable sources.

Project ObjectiveTo enhance Combined Cycle (CC) power flexibility, thePUMP-HEAT project proposes an innovative concept basedon the coupling of a fast-cycling highly efficient Heat Pump(HP) with CCs. The integrated system features ThermalStorage and predictive control for smart scheduling.The CC integration with a HP and a cold/hot thermal storagebrings to a reduction of the Minimum Environmental Load(MEL) and to an increase in power ramp rates, while enablingpower augmentation at full load and increasing electrical gridresilience and flexibility.ApproachIn the PUMP-HEAT Combined Cycle (PHCC), demonstratedat TRL 6:- the HP is controlled to modulate power in order to cope with

the CC primary reserve market constraints;- the high-T heat can be exploited in district heating network;- HP cooling can be used for gas turbine power boost

Performance Untapped Modulation for Power and Heat via Energy Accumulation Technologies

- the HP will includean innovative bi-phase expander toincrease the overallefficiency.

PUMP-HEAT Project

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How increase CC flexibility and efficiency?Power Oriented PHCC

PUMP-HEAT PO concept overview- Heat Pump (HP) as a smart electrical load also when the

CC is off- TES is used to use the CC as equivalent electrical storage- HP will impact on the GT inlet air:

- reducing P_min- augmenting P_max

- HP will increase the CC average annual efficiencyAn Integrated Inlet Conditioning system will be tested at the E-Hub laboratory in Savona

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How increase CC flexibility and efficiency?Combined Heat & Power PHCC

PUMP-HEAT CHP concept overview- Heat Pump (HP) as a smart

electrical load- TES are used to optimize the

demand fulfilment- HP can produce useful heat for

DHN, displacing auxiliary boilers- HP will also increase the CC global

annual efficiency and economic perfomance

9 The layout will be optimized and sized with a Thermoeconomic Approach

9 The whole PHCC concept will be demonstrated at reduced scale in IREN Moncalieri cogeneration CC plant (Torino).

9 The demonstrator will include an innovative fast-cycling highly efficient HP MW size (HP) and thermal storage, synergistically controlled with the actual CC.

MefCO2 H2020 European project

Aim:To develop an innovative green chemical production technology which contributes significantly to the European objectives of decreasing CO2 emissions and increasing renewable energy usage, thereby improving Europe’s competitiveness in the field.

Concept:The overall concept underpinning the project lies in the utilisation of ordinarily emitted greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and hydrogen, produced from redundant electrical energy into a widely-useable platform chemical, methanol. The technology is being designed in a modular intermediate-scale, with the aim of being able to adapt it to varying plant sizes and gas composition.

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Plant feasibility study

hydro

solar

wind

Electrical energy

market priceProduct

market price

RES availability curves

� Operating pressure and temperature� Nominal efficiency� Off-design curves� Min off design

CON

STRA

INTS

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Large plant size

Methanol plant and renewable sources

integration

Methanol plant and coal-fired power plant

integration

Methanol plant and coal-fired power plant + wind

farm integration

Different cases analyzed

Small plant size (maximum production capacity 100 kg/h of

methanol)

(production capacity up to 80,000 ton/year)

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Power Plant + CCS + Methanol plant integrationx The installation of PtF allows for increasing coal plant efficiency leading to a significant increase

in terms of operating hours (from 4,400 to 6,000) and for avoiding the plant shut down in theweekend-days reducing fuel and maintenance costs associated to on/offs; but the fuelconsumption increases

x On the other hand, the retrofitting CCS plant integration decreases the coal plant efficiencyx Coal plant is able to provide the most part of electrical energy necessary to feed the PtF

(about 77%), the remaining amount is purchased by the grid: the methanol cost productionresults rather low and equal to about 355€/ton;

x From the environmental point of view, the CO2 emission increases of about the 27%; only the16% of the additional CO2 is employed for methanol synthesis.

Power Plant + CCS + Wind Farm + Methanol plant integrationx Considering to employ the electrical energy produced from a wind farm the methanol

production cost decreasing and the additional consumption of fuel is avoided.x The PP CO2 emission is reduced but the global efficiency of the PP decreases due to the CCS.x From the environmental point of view, the recycling of captured CO2 for methanol production

allows for saving fossil fuel for traditional production and allows for a negative CO2 balance

MefCO2 :Large plant size – final remark

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The future Large Scale Thermal Power Plant will be related to several unknown:

• Fuel Cost (Shale and LNG effect)• Environmental Politics (CO2 cost, incentives)• Renewable penetration• Nuclear (?)• Power demand (growth vs efficiency)

The total installed capacity is going to decrease (Coal fade out, CC mothballing), just flexible Power Plant will survive.

Large Scale Power Plant owner should evaluate the integration with energy intensive Process to act as a Smart Load to interconnect with different Energy Netwoks:Power 2 Heat: for DHN or Industrial Heating and CoolingPower 2 Chemical: Hydrogen, Methane, Methanol, etc.

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Which Future for Large Scale Thermal Power Plant?Final Remarks

Further Info: TPG Website

www.tpg.unige.it25

Thermochemical Power Group DIME – University of Genoa (Italy)tpg.unige.it

The TPG in between past and future

since 1998

Thermochemical Power Group

…work for a better future