Thermodyanics Studies Vol 2056

7/25/2019 Thermodyanics Studies Vol 2056

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Introduction To

Chemical EngineeringThermodynamics I

CHE 325

(3 Units)

Dr. Ayoola A.A.


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y

Tet!oo"s

1.Introduction To Chemical EngineeringThermodynamics (J. M. Smith, H. C. Van Ness M. M. !""ot#

$.Thermodynamics% !n Engineering !&&roach

('unus !. Cengel Michael !. oles#).!ny other rele*ant thermodynamics te+t

#rading !ssignmentsTests - ) mar/s

E+amination - 0 mar/s


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$odule%& I'TDUCTI'

asic denitions, aim and sco&e. 2VT system, &ath de&endency.

2& *I+T ,A- * THE$D'A$IC+

4or/ and Heat.

!dia"atic 5or/.

Internal Energy.

Enthal&y.

Heat Ca&acity.

3& +EC'D ,A- * THE$D'A$IC+

Inter6con*ersion o7 4or/ and Heat.

Heat Engines and Cyclic &rocesses.

8e7rigeration Cycle.

Coe9cient o7 2er7ormance.


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$DU,E 'E

/A+ICDE*I'ITI'+ *

+$E TE$+


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De0nition o1 +ome Terms

Thermodynamics&

is the science of energy

in*ol*es all as&ects o7 energy andenergy trans7ormation.

in*ol*es the storage, trans7ormation trans7er o7 energy.

Energy is transformed 7rom one 7ormo7 energy to another,

it is transferred across a "oundary as

either heat or 5or/.


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De0nition o1 +ome Terms

Classical Thermodynamics& iso"ser*ation dri*en (macrosco&ic# and7ocuses on "ul/ energy :o5

(trans7ertrans7ormationstorage#. It hasa&&lication mostly in Engineering eld.

+tatistical Thermodynamics& is theorydri*en (microsco&ic#. ;ocuses on structureo7 matters and molecules interaction. It hasa&&lications mostly in science eld

(&hysics, chemistry#.


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Alications o1 Thermodynamics in ChemicalEngineering

Con*ersion o7 chemical stored energy in7ossil 7uel to Heat and 4or/

Trans&ortation o7 materials and goods


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Alications o1 Thermodynamicsin Chemical Engineering

Con*ersion o7 materials to use7ul&roducts

Monitoring o7 chemical

reactions


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+ome o1 The *uture /ene0ts o1Thermodynamics etter IndustriesHomes construction

due to reduction in the need o7 heatingor cooling system.

Homes Industries 5ill ha*e systems

that the energy usage are electronicallymonitored and regulated.

!do&tion o7 solar energy in e*ery home.

Im&ro*ed rail5ay system and the use o7hy"rid *ehicles that run on "io7uels .

=se o7 telecommuting and

telecon7erencing "y industries and


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+ome o1 the *uture /ene0ts o1Thermodynamics

Internet "ecomes &redominant means o7"usiness transactions

4ind, solar and other rene5a"letechnologies 5ill contri"ute signicantly tonation>s electricity grid.

ENERGY IS LIFE


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eision+ystem& &ortiono"?ect to "e studied

+urroundings& e*erything e+ternal to thesystem

/oundary& 5hat se&arates a system 7rom

its surroundings.

en +ystem (control olume)& asystem that allo5s mass and energy

interaction.


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eisionClosed +ystem& a system 5ith no

mass interaction "et5een the systemand the surroundings

4roerties%

4hat descri"e a system.Macrosco&ic characteristics o7

a system and can "e assigned

numerical *alues

+tate%

condition o7 a system due

to change in &ro&erties


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eision4rocess& a series o7 changes e+&erience "y a

system 7rom one state to another.The &ath o7 successi*e states through 5hich asystem &asses 5hen change 7rom one state to

another.eersi!le 4rocess& a system undergoesre*ersi"le &rocess 5hen it is restored to itsinitial state.


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eision

Isobaric process Po P = constant

Isochoric process Po V = constant

Isothermal process Po

T = constant

Adiabatic process Po Q = 0

V

V

V

V


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Eamle %

!s sho5n in the gure, 5ater5hich circulates "et5een astorage tan/ and a solarcollector is used 7or domestic&ur&oses. Identi7y locations onthe system "oundary 5here thesystem interacts 5ith thesurroundings and descri"e

e*ents that occur 5ithin thesystem, i7 the system is

@aA solar collector@"A solar collector, storage tan/

and connecting &i&es.


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+olution

@aA The system (solarcollector# is an o&ensystem.4arm 5ater enters the

system at the "ase throughthe &um&.

The 5ater is heated u& as aresult o7 heat radiation

through the sur7ace o7 thesystem.Hot 5ater lea*es thesystem at the to&.2ressure e+erted on the


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+olution@"A The system consisting o7 the

solar collector, the tan/ and &i&esis an o&en system.Cold 5ater enters the tan/ at the"ase and get 5arm on mi+ing 5ith

hot 5ater inside the tan/.There is interaction "et5een thesurroundings, sur7ace o7 the tan/,5ater inside the tan/.4arm 5ater entering solarcollector interacts 5ith thesurroundings at the sur7ace o7 thecollector and "ecomes hot 5ater.Hot 5ater in the tan/ lea*es thetan/ the moment the 5ater le*el


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Eamle 2The ta"le "elo5 lists tem&eratures and s&ecic *olumes

o7 5ater *a&or at t5o diBerent &ressures & - 1. M2a & - 1. M2a T (DC# * (m/g# T (DC# *(m/g# $ .$ $

.1)$ $F .$$0 $F.1FG) $G .$FG $G

.1$0


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+olution

@aA !t a tem&erature o7 $FC, 1.25MPa fallsbetween 1.0 MPa and 1.5 MPa.

Finding slope will help

Slope ==

.(* .1FG)#

- .$ (.0$#.* - .1G .0F1

6.%789 m:"g


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+olution

@"A & - 1. M&a and * - .1 m/g 7all"et5een T - $FCand T - $GC.

Slope =

=

T = 260C


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+olution

@cA !t T - $$ DC and & - 1.F M&a, the

s&ecic *olume 7alls "et5een 1. and 1.M&a !N< "et5een $ and $FDC. Hence,dou"le inter&olationis reKuired.

!t $$ DC, * at each &ressure is thea*erage o*er the inter*al

!t 1.M2a, $$DCL * - - .$10 m/g

!t 1.M2a, $$DCL * - - .1FF m/gso as calculated in @aA

= 6.%55;8 m:"g


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Assignment1. *er a limited tem&erature range , the

relation "et5een electrical resistance 8 andtem&erature T 7or a resistance tem&eraturedetector is

@1 #A

5here is the resistance, in ohms (!, "eas#$ed at$efe$en%e te"pe$at#$e (DC# and is a material constant5ith units o7 . The 7ollo5ing data are o"tained 7ora &articular resistance thermometer.

(DC#

Test 1 (# - 1.) Test $ 1


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Assignment$. !s illustrated in

the gure, 5atercirculates through a&i&ing system,ser*icing *arious

household needs.Considering the 5aterheater as a system,identi7y locations on

the system "oundary5here the systeminteracts 5ith itssurroundings and

descri"e signicantoccurrence 5ithin the


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Eercises

2er7orm the 7ollo5ing unitcon*ersiona#1$$ in to &b!''(.1' ft.ibf to )*

%!100 hp to )+d!1000 ibh to )gs

e!2-.-2 ibfin/ to ba$

f! 50 * to t#g!0.15 )+ to ft.ibfs

h!0 )Pa to ibfin/

i! 2500 ft"in to "s

Documents

Thermodyanics Studies Vol 2056