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These slides were created by Dr. Gordon Vessels, but some draw
from those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson in 1998.
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams
“Sometimes,
a cigaris just acigar.”
Freud, on themeaning of
dreams
“Sometimes,
a cigaris just acigar.”
Freud, on themeaning of
dreamsThese slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Rhythm of Sleep
(the biological clock)
Circadian Rhythm
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Rhythm of Sleep
(the biological clock)
Circadian Rhythm
Body TempSleep/Wakefulness
Mood
Body TempSleep/Wakefulness
Mood
All are linked toa ± 25 hour day
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Five Stages of Sleep (~ 90 min)
2 min - hallucinations
20 min - sleeptalkingmay begin at Stage 2
{30 min- sleepwalking
10+ min - Dreams!
Sleep Cycles Characteristics Awake & Relaxed . . . . . Alpha waves Stage 1 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Dream-like (~ 2 min) Stage 2 Sleep . . . . . . . . . Sleep Spindles (~ 20 min)
(sleep talking)
Stages 3 & 4 . . . . . . . . . . Delta waves (~ 30 min) (sleep walking, hard to awaken)
REM Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . Like Stage 1 (~ 10-45 min)
(paradoxical sleep) (deep muscle paralysis)
5 Stages of Sleep
Everyone Dreams!These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Effects ofSleep
Deprivation
Impaired CreativityImpaired
ConcentrationIrritability
Slowed Performance
So WHY?
MAYBE:MAYBE:Keep Us From
HarmConsolidate Memories
Conserve EnergyAid Growth
Process
Why Do We Sleep?
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Most dreams are of Most dreams are of ordinary things.ordinary things.BUTBUTLucid DreamsLucid Dreams are so vivid are so vivid they they SEEMSEEM REAL.REAL.
The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made
The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
The Stuff of Which Dreams Are Made
Does Dreaming RemoveDoes Dreaming RemoveUs From Reality?Us From Reality?Not Entirely.Not Entirely.
We retain some awarenessWe retain some awarenessof our external world.of our external world.
Does Dreaming RemoveDoes Dreaming RemoveUs From Reality?Us From Reality?Not Entirely.Not Entirely.
We retain some awarenessWe retain some awarenessof our external world.of our external world.
BUT...BUT...we don’t remember infowe don’t remember info5 minutes prior to sleep.5 minutes prior to sleep.
BUT...BUT...we don’t remember infowe don’t remember info5 minutes prior to sleep.5 minutes prior to sleep.
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at
http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
But WHY Do We Dream?But WHY Do We Dream?• Latent Content may actually be Unconscious Drives & Wishes• Dreams may help sort & fix our days’ experiences in memory • Dreams result from random neural activity originating in brainstem
• Latent Content may actually be Unconscious Drives & Wishes• Dreams may help sort & fix our days’ experiences in memory • Dreams result from random neural activity originating in brainstem
What if we couldn’t dream?What if we couldn’t dream?
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available
at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Why Do We Daydream?Why Do We Daydream?
Temporary escape from reality;Temporary escape from reality;
Help prepare us for future events; Help prepare us for future events;
Substitute for impulsive behavior.Substitute for impulsive behavior.
Temporary escape from reality;Temporary escape from reality;
Help prepare us for future events; Help prepare us for future events;
Substitute for impulsive behavior.Substitute for impulsive behavior.
What is it?A state of apparently heightened suggestibility
What is it?A state of apparently heightened suggestibility
Post-Hypnotic Amnesia
Temporary memory loss
(Maybe)
Post-Hypnotic Amnesia
Temporary memory loss
(Maybe)
You are getting sleepy…
You are getting sleepy…
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Hypnosis As TherapyHypnosis As Therapy
Post-Hypnotic Suggestions - Useful?Suggestions to be carried out after hypnosis
Post-Hypnotic Suggestions - Useful?Suggestions to be carried out after hypnosis
Stop Smoking & Nail Biting?NO more successful than positive thinking.
Stop or Alleviate Pain?YES Just ask your Dentist!
Dissociation or Selective Attention
Dissociation or Selective Attention
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Drugs and ConsciousnessDrugs and ConsciousnessWhat types of drugs influence
consciousness?and
How do they work?
Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that change
perceptions & moods
Affect Brain Chemistry
&User
Expectations
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Dependence and AddictionToleranceTolerance Continued use of a
drugrequires larger doses to equal the same effectWithdrawalWithdrawal
In the absence of the drug, user
may feel physical pain & cravings
PhysicalPsychologicalDependenceDependence
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Psychoactive Drugs
DepressantsDepressants
Calm neural activitySlow body functions
StimulantsStimulantsExcite neural activityArouse body functions
HallucinogensHallucinogens
Distort exisiting perceptionsEvoke perception
w/o sensation
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
Stimulants
Increase heart rateand breathing rate
Pupils Dilate
Appetite Diminshes
Tirednes
s
Headach
es
Irritabilit
y
Depressi
on
CaffeineCaffeineNicotineNicotine
AmphetaminesAmphetaminesCocaineCocaine
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
DepressantsAlcohol - Barbituates - Alcohol - Barbituates -
OpiatesOpiatesAlcohol - Barbituates - Alcohol - Barbituates -
OpiatesOpiatesDecreases Sympathetic
Nervous System Activity
Decreases Sympathetic
Nervous System Activity
Focuses Attention onImmediate Situation
Focuses Attention onImmediate Situation
Impairs Judgmentand Inhibitions
Impairs Judgmentand Inhibitions
Disrupts Processing ofInfo into Memory
(not short-term recallor existing LTM)
Disrupts Processing ofInfo into Memory
(not short-term recallor existing LTM)
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/
HallucinogensHallucinogensLSDPCP
Marijuana
Common PerceptualDistortions
& Hallucinations
Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory DeprivationDeprivation
Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Psychadelic Drugs Loss of Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory Oxygen to Brain Extreme Sensory DeprivationDeprivation
Simple Geometric Forms Meaningful Images / Tunnel
Feeling of Separation from Body
PsychadelicPsychadelicss
These slides are visually enhanced versions of those created by Dr. Kevin Richardson, which are available at http://bluehawk.monmouth.edu/~krichard/