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7/27/2019 Thesis A. Rinaldi - ENG
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Universita di Messina - Facolta di Ingegneria
Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
Supervisors
Prof. Salvatore Serrano
Prof. Giuseppe Campobello
Candidate
Arturo Rinaldi
Masters Degree in Electronics Engineering - Academic Year 2010/11Messina, November 10th 2011
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]7/27/2019 Thesis A. Rinaldi - ENG
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Goal of the thesis work
The making of a learning tool for the analisys of the digital modulationsin different communication channels
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Goal of the thesis work
The making of a learning tool for the analisys of the digital modulationsin different communication channels
The simulated channels were :
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Goal of the thesis work
The making of a learning tool for the analisys of the digital modulationsin different communication channels
The simulated channels were : Wired : AWGN
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Goal of the thesis work
The making of a learning tool for the analisys of the digital modulationsin different communication channels
The simulated channels were : Wired : AWGN
Wireless : Rayleigh and Rician
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Goal of the thesis work
The making of a learning tool for the analisys of the digital modulationsin different communication channels
The simulated channels were : Wired : AWGN
Wireless : Rayleigh and Rician Verify the correspondence between the theoretical and experimental
results of the BER (Bit Error Rate)
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]7/27/2019 Thesis A. Rinaldi - ENG
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Goal of the thesis work
The making of a learning tool for the analisys of the digital modulationsin different communication channels
The simulated channels were : Wired : AWGN
Wireless : Rayleigh and Rician Verify the correspondence between the theoretical and experimental
results of the BER (Bit Error Rate)
Provide complementary tools to show how audio and video files aremodified under the effect of the transmission channels
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Goal of the thesis work
The making of a learning tool for the analisys of the digital modulationsin different communication channels
The simulated channels were : Wired : AWGN
Wireless : Rayleigh and Rician Verify the correspondence between the theoretical and experimental
results of the BER (Bit Error Rate)
Provide complementary tools to show how audio and video files aremodified under the effect of the transmission channels
The gr-bertool was built by using the open-source DSP platform GNURadio
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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GNU Radio
GNU Radio is an open-source softwaretoolkit providing a huge library ofblocks for Digital Signal Processing
(DSP) written in C++ which can becombined together in order to build anddevelop radio applications
Python Flow Graph
(Created using the processing blocks)
USB Interface / Gigabit Ethernet
Generic RF Front End
SWIG (Port C++ blocks to Python)
GNU Radio Signal Processing Blocks
( USRP / USRP 2 )
Gnu Radio Companion (GRC), XML
(C++)
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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GNU Radio
GNU Radio is an open-source softwaretoolkit providing a huge library ofblocks for Digital Signal Processing
(DSP) written in C++ which can becombined together in order to build anddevelop radio applications
It is provided with a graphical interfaceto ease its learning curve (GRC : GNU
Radio Companion)
Python Flow Graph
(Created using the processing blocks)
USB Interface / Gigabit Ethernet
Generic RF Front End
SWIG (Port C++ blocks to Python)
GNU Radio Signal Processing Blocks
( USRP / USRP 2 )
Gnu Radio Companion (GRC), XML
(C++)
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Software-Defined Radio : an introduction
GNU Radio was developed to be in use of Software-Defined Radio(SDR), a new paradigm of communication systems
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Software-Defined Radio : an introduction
GNU Radio was developed to be in use of Software-Defined Radio(SDR), a new paradigm of communication systems
A receiver is an SDR device if its communication functions are made asreconfigurable software working on ad hoc hardware
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Software-Defined Radio : an introduction
GNU Radio was developed to be in use of Software-Defined Radio(SDR), a new paradigm of communication systems
A receiver is an SDR device if its communication functions are made asreconfigurable software working on ad hoc hardware
So its possible to implement different software transmission standardsby using only one device
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Software-Defined Radio : an introduction
GNU Radio was developed to be in use of Software-Defined Radio(SDR), a new paradigm of communication systems
A receiver is an SDR device if its communication functions are made asreconfigurable software working on ad hoc hardware
So its possible to implement different software transmission standardsby using only one device
An SDR sytem is also able to recognize and avoid possible interferenceswith other transmission channels
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The developed tool : gr-bertool
The tool main GUI
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The developed tool : gr-bertool
BER experimental verification
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The developed tool : gr-bertool
Real-Time BER experimental verification
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The developed tool : gr-bertool
Complementary tools
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BER experimental verification
The Bit Error Rate (BER) of a digital modulation, is the number of biterrors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studiedtime interval
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BER experimental verification
The Bit Error Rate (BER) of a digital modulation, is the number of biterrors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studiedtime interval
Lets verify the BER theoretical values with the experimental ones byvarying the signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N
0
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BER experimental verification
The Bit Error Rate (BER) of a digital modulation, is the number of biterrors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studiedtime interval
Lets verify the BER theoretical values with the experimental ones byvarying the signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N0
From digital communications theory is well known that for a Q-PSKmodulation the Bit Error Rate is given by :
Pb = Q2EbN
0
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BER experimental verification
This set of tools calculates the BER ina range ofEb/N0 values given by minand max with the opportunity tochoose the increase step size
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BER experimental verification
This set of tools calculates the BER ina range ofEb/N0 values given by minand max with the opportunity tochoose the increase step size
We can enable or disable the GrayCoding
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BER experimental verification
This set of tools calculates the BER ina range ofEb/N0 values given by minand max with the opportunity tochoose the increase step size
We can enable or disable the GrayCoding
By clicking on the Plot button the BERcurves are showed in a simple BER vsEb/N0 diagram
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BER experimental verification
We can see a perfect agreement between the theoretical results and theexperimental ones :
(a) BER AWGN BPSK (b) BER AWGN Q-PSK (c) BER AWGN 8-PSK
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Real-Time BER and signal constellation evolution
This tool allow us to show the real-timeBER and signal constellation evolutionin the three different types ofexaminated transmission channels
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Real-Time BER and signal constellation evolution
This tool allow us to show the real-timeBER and signal constellation evolutionin the three different types ofexaminated transmission channels
In the following example well show the
BER evolution in the Rician Channel inthe range ofEb/N0 values going from15 dB to 0 dB
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Real-Time BER and signal constellation evolution
This tool allow us to show the real-timeBER and signal constellation evolutionin the three different types ofexaminated transmission channels
In the following example well show the
BER evolution in the Rician Channel inthe range ofEb/N0 values going from15 dB to 0 dB
Once started the BER value settles tothe BER value corresponding to
Eb/N0 = 0 dB about equal to 0.11
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Real-Time BER and signal constellation evolution
This tool allow us to show the real-timeBER and signal constellation evolutionin the three different types ofexaminated transmission channels
In the following example well show the
BER evolution in the Rician Channel inthe range ofEb/N0 values going from15 dB to 0 dB
Once started the BER value settles tothe BER value corresponding to
Eb/N0 = 0 dB about equal to 0.11 Ch1 Experimental Value ; Ch2
Theoretical Value
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Arturo Rinaldi - Emulation of a Radio Link by means of Software Radio
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Real-Time BER and signal constellation evolution
This tool allow us to show the real-timeBER and signal constellation evolutionin the three different types ofexaminated transmission channels
In the following example well show the
BER evolution in the Rician Channel inthe range ofEb/N0 values going from15 dB to 0 dB
Once started the BER value settles tothe BER value corresponding to
Eb/N0 = 0 dB about equal to 0.11 Ch1 Experimental Value ; Ch2
Theoretical Value
Lets see the evolution.... 12 of 36
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Real-Time BER evolution
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Real-Time BER evolution
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Real-Time BER evolution
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Real-Time BER evolution
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Real-Time BER evolution
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Real-Time BER evolution
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The signal constellation
Lets consider a generic transmission scheme for a TLC system.
Tx RxTx Channel
m(t) s(t) r(t) d(t)
S D
Figure : Generic block diagram for a TLC system
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The signal constellation
Lets consider a generic transmission scheme for a TLC system.
Tx RxTx Channel
m(t) s(t) r(t) d(t)
S D
Figure : Generic block diagram for a TLC system
In the absence fo any noise in the channel the generci transmittedsymbol si will be correctly received. The plot of the received symbols isknows as Constellation of the digital modulation.
s0 (11)
s3 (01)
s2 (00)
s1 (10)
Figure : Constellation of a QPSK modulation19 of 36
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The signal constellation
The presence of noise in the channel modifies phase and amplitude ofthe transmitted symbols and so the received symbol ri is not onebelonging to the constellation showed before
s0 (11)
s3 (01)
s2 (00)
s1 (10)
ri
The transmitted si symbol is not
correctly received
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Evolution of the Signal Constellation
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Evolution of the Signal Constellation
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Evolution of the Signal Constellation
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Evolution of the Signal Constellation
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Evolution of the Signal Constellation
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Image Transmission
This tool allow us to observe how themost common image formats areaffected by digital modulations
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Image Transmission
This tool allow us to observe how themost common image formats areaffected by digital modulations
We studied the effects over the
simulated channels (AWGN, Rayleigh eRician) for a fixed value ofEb/N0 = 0 dB and Q-PSK digitalmodulation for a Jpeg image
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Image Transmission
This tool allow us to observe how themost common image formats areaffected by digital modulations
We studied the effects over the
simulated channels (AWGN, Rayleigh eRician) for a fixed value ofEb/N0 = 0 dB and Q-PSK digitalmodulation for a Jpeg image
Lets see the results......
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Image Transmission : AWGN Channel
(a) Original (b) AWGN
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Image Transmission : Rician Channel
(c) Original (d) Rician
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Image Transmission : Rayleigh Channel
(e) Original (f) Rayleigh
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Audio Transmission
This tool allow us to observe how themost common audio formats areaffected by digital modulations
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Audio Transmission
This tool allow us to observe how themost common audio formats areaffected by digital modulations
We studied the effects over thesimulated channels (AWGN, Rayleigh e
Rician) for a fixed value ofEb/N0 = 10 dB and Q-PSK digitalmodulation
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Audio Transmission
This tool allow us to observe how themost common audio formats areaffected by digital modulations
We studied the effects over thesimulated channels (AWGN, Rayleigh e
Rician) for a fixed value ofEb/N0 = 10 dB and Q-PSK digitalmodulation
We took as sample the wav fileplay it sam.wav with the following
specifications :
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Audio Transmission
Specifications of the sample file
play_it_sam.wav :
File Size: 1.76MBit Rate: 1.41M
Encoding: Signed PCM
Channels: 2 @ 16-bit
Samplerate: 44100Hz
Replaygain: off
Duration: 00:00:10.00
Lets see the results....
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Audio Transmission
(g) Originale (h) Canale AWGN
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Audio Transmission
(i) Rician (j) Rayleigh
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Conclusions
Why using gr-bertool ? Advantages
Its an helpful tool for the teacher to use in TLC courses
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Conclusions
Why using gr-bertool ? Advantages
Its an helpful tool for the teacher to use in TLC courses
The student can find a quick verification with the learnt notions duringclasses
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Conclusions
Why using gr-bertool ? Advantages
Its an helpful tool for the teacher to use in TLC courses
The student can find a quick verification with the learnt notions duringclasses
It has an user-friendly GUI
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Conclusions
Why using gr-bertool ? Advantages
Its an helpful tool for the teacher to use in TLC courses
The student can find a quick verification with the learnt notions duringclasses
It has an user-friendly GUI Its open-source !
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Conclusions
Future Developments
Addition of other components for transmission by using the USRP(through USB) and USRP2 (through Gigabit Ethernet) boards to studythe real-time signals evolution
(k) USRP1 (l) USRP2
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C l
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Conclusions
Future Developments
Addition of other components for transmission by using the USRP(through USB) and USRP2 (through Gigabit Ethernet) boards to studythe real-time signals evolution
(m) USRP1 (n) USRP2
Implementation of other modules for the network protocols (i.e.802.11n, Bluetooth) always for learning goal
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C I f i
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Contact Information
Arturo RinaldiFreelance Collaborator @ DIECIIAddress : Dep. of Electronics Engineering (DIECII) - C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina (Italy)E-mail : [email protected] : +39-090-3977376 ; Mobile : +39-340-5795584 (Whatsapp)Skype : arty.net ; Facebook : arty.netTwitter : artynet2 ; LinkedIn : Arturo Rinaldi
Prof. Giuseppe Campobello, Ph.D.Researcher in TelecommunicationsAddress : Dep. of Electronics Engineering (DIECII) - C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina (Italy)E-mail : [email protected] : +39-090-3977378
Prof. Salvatore Serrano, Ph.D.Researcher in Telecommunications
Address : Dep. of Electronics Engineering (DIECII) - C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina (Italy)E-mail : [email protected] : +39-090-3977522
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