CHAPTER 1THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDIntroductionIn this study, the researchers intend to know the status of ordinance no. 2007-017 which is an ordinance regulating the citrus nursery and orchard development and management within the Municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya. The growing industry of citrus in the municipality of Kasibu has changed for the past years especially in barangay Papaya, which is one of the highest and main producers of citrus in the lands of Kasibu according to Mayor Alberto Bumolo, Jr. There are lots of improvements in terms of technology and facilities, however, the threat brought by the occurrence of bacteria and virus diseases wiped out the citrus industry of Kasibu that most likely ruined the hard labor of the farmers according to the Municipal officials. Moreover, it affected the consumers due to the bacteria that came from the citrus. The spread of bacteria and viruses over the lands has caused a huge problem not only on the side of the producers and consumers but also to the local government. According to the Provincial Government, it is widely known that Kasibu is the citrus bowl of the province of Nueva Vizcaya and it is one of the major distributors of citrus, thus, it cant help but to give immediate solution to this dilemma by establishing an ordinance that will ensure the health of the public and business of the workers. The government officials established a task force in the barangays that will assist the local government as it is said in the ordinance 2007-017. The virus transmission will be more detrimental in the citrus industry if it were to break down. Hence, the said ordinance is created that seeks to protect the interest of the workers and most especially the public.The barangay captains utilize/maximize their powers through the help of the government. The barangay captains help the government in keeping these ordinances but as far as today, questions arise regarding whether the people feel their service or the barangay captains informed the public about the ordinance. The performance of the officials in the local government is sometimes inadequate or has its flaws when it comes to their duties due to some factors. According to newly elected Mayor Bumolo, the publics awareness on this ordinance may not be well known to some issues and because of this some may still apply their old ways in citrus growing that may cause them to pay their wrong doings. Some people resist because the ordinance is not carried well by the local government or the task force are not taking this ordinance seriously. The institutions involved in this ordinance may not as well perform their duties, which greatly affect the whole system.With these common problems, the researchers are intrigued in knowing the status of this ordinance whether they are carried out well or not. The fund of this ordinance is one of the great issues as well, most may know that it is direct to the ordinance but little do they know that it is for personal gain only. The development of this ordinance is a big deal to the people of Kasibu, obviously, the people within this municipality would like to know how far the ordinance affected the citrus industry.

Setting of the StudyThe study will be conducted in Municipality of Kasibu, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, particularly in barangay Papaya. There are lots of farms in this barangay, specifically citrus farms. The place is not well developed in terms of roads, houses, road lights etc. but the orchards are well organized and most of the place are covered with trees and plants. In a dialogue with the city mayor of Kasibu, the researchers have decided to conduct this study in Papaya as it is one of the highest producers in the area. The place is perfect to conduct a research especially on the likes of this ordinance, the population of Kasibu has 31,515 people in 5,200 households, the barangay of Papaya have 894 people, most of these people are farmers, and it is easy for the researchers to identify the needs in the research (Local Governance Performance Management System, 2013). With the help of the local people in the barangay, there are vital institutions in this place that can provide the necessary information and can assist the researchers on their problems.

Theoretical FrameworkThis study is based on the framework of Program Evaluation: Implementation Evaluation, Summative Evaluation and Progress Evaluation. Program evaluationis a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using information to answer questions about projects, policies andprograms, particularly about their effectiveness and efficiency. In both the public and private sectors, stakeholders will want to know if the programs they are funding, implementing, voting for, receiving or objecting to are actually having the intended effect (and to what cost). Evaluation is the systematic process of delineating, obtaining, reporting, and applying descriptive and judgmental information about some objects merit, worth, probity [moral correctness], feasibility, safety, significance, or equity (Stufflebeam & Shinkfield, 2007, p. 698). Progress Evaluation is an evaluation to assess progress in meeting the goals of the program and the project. It involves collecting information to learn whether or not the benchmarks of participant progress were met and to point out unexpected developments. Progress evaluation collects information to determine what the impact of the activities and strategies is on participants, curriculum, or institutions at various stages of the intervention. By measuring progress, program staff can eliminate the risk of waiting until participants have experienced the entire program to assess likely outcomes. If the data collected as part of the progress evaluation fail to show expected changes, the information can be used to fine tune the project. Data collected as part of a progress evaluation can also contribute to, or form the basis for, a summative evaluation conducted at some future date (Westat, 2010). Implementation Evaluation assesses whether the project is being conducted as planned. The underlying principle is that before you can evaluate the outcomes or impact of a program, one must make sure the program and its components are really operating and, if they are operating according to the proposed plan or description (Westat, 2010). Summative Evaluation, sometimes called outcome evaluation, is conducted for the purpose of documenting the results of a program. Specific goals of a program are identified and the degree of accomplishment of those goals is documented. The results of a summative evaluation might point to changes that should be made in a program in order to improve it in subsequent implementations. The results of summative evaluations can specify program status and conditions for accountability purposes. The results can also be used as a need assessment for the subsequent planning of changes in a program or of the introduction of new programs and interventions (Westat, 2010). An assessment on the study will create more data that can contribute in the policy making that is more correct and applicable to the society it will be serving. Different local government unit can use the program evaluation to aid in reforming agricultural policies. It is beneficial to evaluate why and how one local government has had success in agricultural policies as to produce a possible solution for a failing system. Program evaluation is reflected in this study by the purpose and the method in which the researchers are using to look at the Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya agricultural policy in hope to provide a rational assessment on the Ordinance 2007-017 to help improve the policy making of the local government.

Research Paradigm

OUTPUTSLevel of implementationGeneral impact to the living condition of citrus farmers in barangay PapayaProblems and recommendations of citrus farmers in barangay PapayaPROCESSESNursery operation and managementOrchard development and managementDialogue/Interview with the citrus farmers in barangay PapayaINPUTSOrdinance No. 2007-017BudgetSupport of the citrus farmers

Basically, the Ordinance No. 2007-017 was created by the municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya to solve the harmful spread of viruses and diseases in its citrus industry. The ordinance is vital in immediately solving the present problem in Kasibus citrus industry. It laid out the processes needed to solve and prevent the problem to get worse. The nursery operation and management basically aims to establish a nursery municipality, composed of personnel that are responsible for controlling the spread of diseases and viruses among citrus. Also, it is tasked to produce the citrus seedlings which are distributed to the concerned citrus farmers. Furthermore, it seeks to ensure that the Municipal Agricultural Office does its functions in terms of updating data on citrus growers profile and production statistics, inspection and certification of the sale and transportation of citrus seedlings, establishment of system labeling, immediate elimination of infected trees and so on. Second, the budget is also a concern in order to meet the expected outcomes of the ordinance implementation. It enables the local officials to create programs regarding citrus activities, establish a municipal nursery as earlier said, produce citrus seedlings needed by the concerned farmers, hire the required personnel, and facilitation of the registration, inventory, monitoring, and recording of all nurseries, citrus seedlings, and nursery operations in the municipality. Third, the support of the citrus farmers is necessary for the evaluation of this research. The project is most likely to succeed if the concerned farmers comply with the implementation of the ordinance. These farmers are obliged to cut the trees infected with viruses and diseases. Otherwise, the local authorities are the ones who will cut it down whenever the farmers do not comply. In addition, it is best for the farmers to utilize the citrus seedlings distributed by its local government for the immediate recovery of the citrus industry in Kasibu. Furthermore, it seeks to promote orchard development in its jurisdiction. The Citrus Task Force, together with the barangay captains and the Philippine National Police, is in charge for the strict implementation of the ordinance. After five years since it was created, the researchers want to know the present status of the ordinance whether the local government in Kasibu has performed high or low level of implementation. In this connection, the general impact of the implementation to the life of the concerned people is also considered in this research. The researchers refer to the citrus farmers in Kasibu. This research aims to know the general impact of the ordinance to them in terms of the level of awareness and financial aspect through an interview. During the course of implementation, it is interesting to know if they are aware of the said ordinance because it directly affects their living condition. They are able to know the problem in detail, the resources that the local government can provide and the penalties imposed from its provisions. Also, the researchers want to know the problems that the citrus farmers want their locality to address. Lastly, recommendations from the citrus farmers regarding citrus programs are vital for the development of the local government of Kasibu.

Statement of the ProblemThis study primarily aims to evaluate the role of local government units in the enhancement of the living conditions of the beneficiaries of the Citrus Industry in Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is the status of the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project in the Municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya as to:1.1. The Nursery Operation and Management;1.2. The Orchard Development and Management;1.3. The functions of Citrus Task Force; and1.4. The imposition of prohibition and penalties upon the violators of the provisions in this ordinance2. What is the impact of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project to the living conditions of the beneficiaries?3. Is there a significant relationship between the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project and the living condition of the citrus farmers of Barangay Papaya?4. What are the problems encountered by the beneficiaries in the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project?5. What are the recommendations of the people to further improve the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project?

HypothesisThis study hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project and the living condition of the citrus farmers of Barangay Papaya.

Significance of the StudyThis section will provide brief description on the various significances of the study given the three categories Political, Economical and Academics. To students - This study serves the students as their reference or guide in creating their thesis which concerns about a similar topic. It will also help students to fully understand the relevance of creating ordinances which are beneficial to the municipality.The municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya - The municipality will benefit from this study because of the fact that this study will help the readers to be aware of the policies of the municipality which will be able to help the municipality to be fully recognized in the programs that they are implementing. To aspiring researchers - This study will be able to help the future researchers who want to focus on policy implementation on a certain place and to those researchers who are interested in citrus development. Citrus producers - This study will benefit the citrus producers for they will become aware of the policies that the local government is doing to save their farms.Consumers - The study is beneficial for them because they will be able to know whether or not the qualities of the products have been the same as before or not, thus, improving the consciousness of the consumers about the product.Local legislators - This study will help them on how to create ordinances which will be beneficial to the people and will also show them how their ordinances are totally implemented. General populace This study will show the general populace on how the local government of the municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Viczaya is taking care of the citrus industry because it is one of their sources on income. It will also help the general populace on how the local government functions in terms of giving services. Readers - They would be able to know the functions and duties of the local government units in the Philippines. Moreover, they would be conscious of the policy implementation status in the municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya.

Scope and DelimitationThe scope of this research are the farmers who cultivated a citrus farm and are asked some questions by the researchers, that are of great use regarding the implementation of the ordinance number 2007-017. This research is limited to 50 citrus farmers in the selected barangay. The living condition of the citrus farmers is limited to their production and income.It includes Barangay Papaya of the Municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Viczaya. The time allocated for the research is school year June 2013 to March 2014.

Definition of Terms1. Barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward.2. Beneficiaries the persons that utilize the project outputs.3. Citrus is a common term andgenusofflowering plantsin theruefamily, the best-known examples are theoranges,lemons,grapefruit andlimes.4. Enhancement the act of raising the value or the standard of a certain thing or condition.5. Evaluation asystematicdetermination of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set ofstandards. It can assist an organization, program, project or any other intervention or initiative to assess any aim, realizable concept/proposal, or any alternative, to help in decision-making.6. Huanglongbing disease is a devastating disease caused by bacterium, libeobacterasiaticum characterized by sectoral yellowing and off season flowering and transmitted by the insect vector Diaphorina Citri.7. Impact the direct effect of one thing on another.8. Implementation is the realization of an application, or execution of aplan, idea,model,design,specification,standard,algorithm, or policy.9. Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.10. Living condition the production and income of the citrus farmers.11. Municipality is usually an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government or jurisdiction.12. Ordinance a statute or regulation especially one enacted by a city government.13. Production -is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. It is the act of creatingoutput, agood or service which hasvalue and contributes to theutilityof individuals.14. Program evaluation is a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using information to answer questions about projects, policies andprogramsparticularly about their effectiveness and efficiency.

CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDYThis chapter presents the review of readings and the summary of related studies conducted by both foreign and local researchers which the researcher considered relevant to the study.Local Studies and LiteratureAccording to Gatlabayan et al. (2009), the implementation of ordinance no. 81-2001, which regulates the sales and distribution of rugby and other harmful volatile substances to children in barangay Dela Paz in Antipolo, was found to be effective. The researchers found out that the ordinance was carried out properly and was perceived by the respondents that somewhat minimizes the crimes related to the usage of substance. Also, it concluded that the awareness of the selected residents in the said barangay was very evident. They have knowledge of the said ordinance even some of them were not aware of the exact number of the provision.The study is relevant because we share the same theoretical framework, which is program evaluation. It aims to know the level of implementation of a certain policy in local governments, particularly the barangay. Our study seeks to evaluate the level of implementation of ordinance no. 2007-017, which was created in order to prevent further spread of virus and diseases in citrus, thus, enabling the municipality of Kasibu towards citrus management and orchard development. Our study likewise partly wants to know the level of awareness of selected respondents, specifically the farmers.Based on a study by Adriano et al. (2004), the implementation of different development plan for the programs and projects of the rural barangays in Rodriguez, Rizal and urban barangays in Masambong, Quezon City were the means for the development councils to serve their constituents properly. It was said that the development plan was carried out often as to planning, implementation, and evaluation of the various barangay programs and projects. They concluded that all the development councils in their study satisfactorily implemented the development plans for the benefit of their constituents.It is significant to our study for the reason that the ordinance 2007-017 organized a multi-sectoral task force which has the authority to ensure the recovery of the citrus industry of Kasibu from the spread of virus and diseases. Some of these are the Citrus Task Force, Municipal Nursery, Municipal Agricultural Office, and the captains in every barangay. The performance of the personnel in these groups is essential in saving the citrus industry of Kasibu. Also, the level of implementation they had shown will reflect the current status of the project concerning citrus management and orchard development. Lastly, the implementation of the said ordinance obviously has impacts in the lives of the municipalitys constituents, particularly the citrus farmers.Daza et al. (2009) stated in their study that the perception of the respondents on the delivery of selected services of the municipality of Lumban, Laguna in terms of health and sanitation programs was satisfactory. Meaning to say, the services on health and sanitation program were being provided effectively by the municipality. In addition, it concluded that the respondents perceived the implementation of livelihood programs of the municipality as satisfactory. It implied an initiative of the local government to provide its people jobs, particularly embroidery business. Also, the study proved the peace and order program satisfactory. Thus, the researchers had found out that the municipality of Lumba satisfactorily delivered the basic services to its people in the perception of the members of the sectoral organization.The study contributes to our study in such a way that the municipality of Kasibu provided the control measures in the spread of virus and diseases in citrus and it is up to the local officials to deliver the services to the concerned people, who are basically the citrus farmers. In this sense, our study needs to know the perception of the citrus farmers in the implementation of ordinance no. 2007-017. Such perception can be reflected on the impacts of the ordinance to the different aspects of their lives. In this way, the basis for the level of implementation of the said ordinance can be strengthened through dialogues with the citrus farmers aside from the perception of the local officials.According to Punzalan et al. (2004), the implementation of the city ordinance no. 8046 or Curfew on minors was considered helpful to reduce juvenile delinquency in a barangay in Sampaloc, Manila. The study concluded that it has a positive outcome by which the residents in the subject barangay agreed that the implementation of the ordinance helps to attain peace and order especially to the reduction of juvenile delinquency. Moreover, it arrived at a conclusion that it helps in monitoring the activities of the youths at nighttime. Lastly, the ordinance helps in reducing cases of untoward involvement of the youths.The study is essential to our study because an ordinance was created by the local government in order to reduce something unwanted by the people. In our case, the ordinance no. 2007-017 was made to be able to contain the spread of virus and diseases on citrus in Kasibu. Our study aims to determine whether or not it achieved its target goal through the performance of the local officials in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities as provided by the said ordinance. Furthermore, our study seeks to know the impacts of the ordinance implementation to the citrus farmers, either in a positive or a negative way.The study made by Lorenzo et al. (2007) concluded that the implementation of city ordinance no. 59 s.1993 as amended by city ordinance no. 87 s. 2004 has been effective in creating accessible and available sidewalks, which reduced the problems concerning unwanted accidents. Moreover, it stated that the implementation reduced disorder and crime along sidewalks, pollution, and diseases.It has significance to our study because again, the enactment of an ordinance paved the way for the local government of Poblacion, Marikina City to put a stop to problems resulting from the sidewalks. In relevance, the ordinance no. 200-017 is conceived as the solution to prevent the virus and diseases from further spreading and affecting the citrus industry of Kasibu. It is expected to provide positive outcomes towards the citrus industry wherein the local officials would be able to properly discharge their functions and duties and achieved the target goal of the said ordinance which is the recovery of the citrus industry and better citrus management and orchard development.Foreign Studies and LiteratureBrowning (2012) presented the current status of Huanglongbing in Florida citrus. He stated that there are signs of progress in many areas. Some positive signs are coming from success in new plantings, particularly from trials where high densities of trees are combined with more intensive irrigation/fertilization management. This is combined with incremental gains in managing Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) on new plantings, as well as continued benefit from growers participating in Citrus Health Management Areas. Recent reports at grower meetings and published stories in various outlets point to progress in managing the disease in a variety of ways, using a variety of approaches. In addition, he mentioned that vital to understanding management of HLB are the combined efforts of researchers and growers to collect observations and data from field trials. Ultimately, all tools for managing citrus in the presence of HLB must be field-tested, and we are learning in the most important laboratory the grove.It is related to our study in the sense that one of our goals is to provide a status report of the overall implementation of ordinance no. 2007-017. The researchers have to tell all the things that are currently happening in the said project as of 2013. It includes the compliance of the officials with the provisions of the ordinance such as the establishment of a municipal nursery, annual appropriations, imposition of penalties, and the likes. The researchers aim to declare level of implementation of the local government of Kasibu as satisfactory or not in containing the spread of virus and diseases that infected the citrus trees through various methods or approaches.Campo-Flores (2013) said in her article that the Wheeler familys citrus groves have been affected by a ravaging incurable disease called citrus greening, also known as Huanglongbing or HLB. Also, it included that a tree infected with the disease can take three to five years to manifest symptoms, which enables greening to spread rampantly before it is discovered. It is now present in all 32 counties in Florida that produce citrus. As a result, it would carry serious implications for Florida's $9 billion citrus industry, which supplies about 90% of the orange juice consumed in the U.S., according to Florida Citrus Mutual. Consumers could also face higher prices at the supermarket. Lastly, he revealed that greening had cost Florida's economy $3.6 billion in lost revenues and 6,600 jobs as a result of lower orange-juice production. The researchers target the psyllids that carry the disease through chemical spraying and by unleashing predators that feed on them, such as a parasitic wasp from Asia. They are also attempting to breed psyllids less capable of transmitting the bacteria. Scientists are trying to devise antibiotics to battle the infection.In relation to our study, citrus greening or Huanglongbing is found to be the same disease which spread over the citrus trees in Kasibu. Hence, it became the main reason for the local government to formulate ordinance no. 2007-017 because it can greatly wipe out the citrus industry. Moreover, it adds credibility to our study since the spread of virus and diseases over citrus trees has occurred in other parts of the world. It provides vital information with regard to our study such as the process of virus or disease spreading, its great impact to the economy of the concerned local government unit, and the means for preventing HLBs continuous transmission.According to Brezosky (2013), the wasp called Tamarixia radiatia from Asia can be the Texas citrus industrys best weapon against the Asian citrus psyllid, a jumping lice that can infect trees with a devastating disease known as citrus greening or Huanglongbing. In her article, it is narrated that the adult female lays an egg beneath the psyllid, which hatches into a larva that literally sucks the life out of the psyllid from beneath. The larva eventually takes residence, continuing to grow inside the lifeless husk before reaching adulthood and chewing its way out. Its goal is to create a biological barrier that can prevent the spread of the said disease.It is crucial to the course of our study because other affected local governments have discovered and adopted an unusual method in trying to control the citrus psyllid to infect citrus trees and destroy the citrus industry. Our study shares similar problem, however, the use of wasps as a way to prevent the spread of HLB is not provided by the ordinance in our research. Lest the methods of local government of Kasibu are not sufficient to eradicate the spread of Huanglongbing among its citrus trees, the employment of wasps can be applied by the local officials.Based on an article by Dey and Suryawanshi (2013), citrus greening disease is an important disease of citrus which greatly affects the production of the fruits in several parts of India. Characteristic symptoms include yellowing of leaf veins and adjacent tissues, followed by premature defoliation, dieback of twigs, decay of feeder rootlets and lateral roots. Infected fruits are small, lopsided with bitter taste. Such fruits may fall prematurely; while those that remain on the tree do not color properly, remaining green on the shaded side. He noted that farmer should routinely scout citrus for signs of greening so that infected trees can be removed. Scouting should be done at least four times a year, or more in areas known to have infected trees. October through March is the best time for scouting, but symptoms can be present at other times of the year. For effective management, remove infected trees because it is the only way to ensure that they wont remain a source of infection for other trees. Pruning symptomatic limbs is often ineffective since other parts of the tree may be infected, but do not show symptoms. Before removing, the tree should be sprayed with a foliar insecticide to kill any psyllids in order to keep them from moving on once the tree is removed.The article provides the researchers a better understanding of the citrus greening or Huanglongbing, which caused the local government of Kasibu to enact an ordinance to stop its transmission. Basically, it clarifies the symptoms of the said disease among trees and its fruits. Moreover, it gives several measures in assuring that the citrus trees would not get infected such as the frequency of scouting and the utilization of spraying materials. The ordinance being studied did not discuss the Huanglongbing disease in detail. Nonetheless, the article has provided it. A better comprehension of the said disease is vital because it is the main reason why the study was conducted. The level of implementation of the ordinance and its impact to the citrus farmers are assessed mainly because of the existence of such disease. People should be supplied with this kind of information for prevention purposes. Interestingly, the ordinance made by the local government of Kasibu has provided the same control measure for the recovery of its citrus industry which is the immediate cutting of infected trees.Browning (2013) provided an update as regards the projects focusing on citrus tree response to Huanglongbing. Firstly, there is the detection of HLB-infected trees. He said that it is an important feature of monitoring and responding to HLB infection. This is currently being accomplished primarily through DNA testing of suspect trees showing early symptoms. Secondly, he emphasized the epidemiology of HLB. Projects are evaluating spatial and temporal incidence of HLB across Florida, determining factors most important in infection increase and disease movement. An additional element is determining the extent to which seeds from infected citrus trees foster HLB transmission. Thirdly, group of projects focuses on plant defense and how applied methods can affect the ability of citrus trees to withstand symptom development. Projects are evaluating innate responses in the plant to Liberibacter infection and the physiology of disease symptom development. Lastly, cultural practices and their role in disease management are looked. This includes nutrition and flush management through pruning and plant growth regulators.The magazine article is significant to our study for the reason that the projects mentioned by Mr. Browning are likewise provided by the provisions in ordinance no. 2007-017 in order to prevent citrus trees from being infected by HLB. This implies that the means adopted by the local government of Kasibu are tested by other affected groups in the world. The said ordinance stipulated that the Municipal Agricultural Office should determine the infected trees, issue notices to concerned citrus farmers, and cut the infected trees. Moreover, it calls for control measures towards HLB transmission among citrus trees. The local government should be responsible for the distribution, registration, inventory, monitoring, and recording of all nurseries, citrus seedlings, and nursery operations in the municipality.Survey of Living Conditions in the Arctic. (n.d.) offered a measurement to understand the living conditions in the Arctic. Most participants in questionnaire development were experts in either local knowledge or one of eight social science disciplines. This diversity in expertise helped ensure that relevant dimensions of living conditions were included and that measures were appropriate to the context of living conditions in the Arctic. In addition, it mentioned that governments have had a huge presence in the Arctic. They have enacted and implemented policies intended to improve housing, health, education, employment, local uses of resources, and to protect wildlife resources and the environment. Native organizations are increasingly assuming the role of outside government in developing and implementing policy.In relation to our study, the said organizations project is very essential in the sense that it provided the categories needed in order to measure the living conditions of the people. Experts are the ones who defined and decided the categories regarding living conditions. With this, it can be considered as reliable and credible. Moreover, it was said in their analysis that government plays a vital role in influencing the living conditions of their people. Interestingly, this is what our study wants to focus. The municipality of Kasibu created Ordinance No. 2007-017 to prevent the massive spread of virus and diseases on its citrus trees and likewise attempt to save its citrus industry. Basically, the citrus farmers are the beneficiaries of this ordinance. So, the researchers aim to know if the local government has done its part in helping the citrus farmers recover and enhance their living conditions throughout its policy implementation.According to Masood et al. (2012), low productivity causes negative impression on the economic condition of farmers which will further result to a great disturbance in the living standard of a large number of people. Furthermore, they claimed that agricultural productivity and lifestyles of farmers are interrelated with each other. Meaning to say, they are directly proportional to each other because low agricultural productivity also cause low income level that will make ones life (farmer) more difficult in coping up with todays inflation. Also, they said that if the agricultural sector is not contributing in a fruitful way then it will make the personal life of farmer inefficient.This study is relevant to our research because it provides a solid support to our claim that the two main indicators to a citrus farmers living condition are their income and production. The researchers decided to consider these two as the determinants of their life other than other things like house, equipments, childrens education, food and health. Thus, the research aims to find out whether the citrus industry program of the municipality of Kasibu was able to enhance the living condition of the citrus farmers as reflected through their citrus production and income.CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGYResearch Methodology is a scientific and systematic way of finding solution to a problem. In this chapter, the researchers aim to present the research approach and to provide the research design of the study.

Research ApproachThe study uses a triangulation approach. According to De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Delport (2002, p. 365), the concept of triangulation is sometimes used to designate a conscious combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology. Denzin and Lincoln (1994) asserted that qualitative research emphasizes the process of discovering how the social meaning is constructed and stresses the relationship between the investigator and the topic studied. Conversely, quantitative research is based on the measurement and the analysis of causal relationships between variables. The qualitative aspect of this study is that the socio-economic impact of the implementation of the ordinance to the life of the people will be known. On the other hand, the quantitative aspect is the percentage of the performance of the local government whether it resulted to low or high level of implementation.Research DesignThis study follows a descriptive survey method of research. Descriptive research is concerned with fact finding and interpretation of the current implementation status of the Ordinance No. 2007-017. The present aim of this study is to assess the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project in Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya particularly in the selected barangay: Papaya. On the other hand, narrative inquiry is a means by which we systematically gather, analyze, and represent peoples stories as told by them, which challenges traditional and modernist views of truth, reality, knowledge and personhood. The narrative knowledge created and constructed through stories of lived experiences, and the meanings created are vital in this study. Stories can be viewed as a window onto a knowable reality and analyze using concepts derived from theory (Bruner, 1986).The said ordinance states that the Municipality of Kasibu would formulate, promulgate, implement, and enforce disease control measures to save its citrus industry from the occurrence and spread of bacteria and virus diseases on citrus. The sample survey technique was utilized in this study to gather and collect relatively limited data from a relatively large number of populations of the desired respondents.RespondentsThe participants of this research work are the beneficiaries of Ordinance No. 2007-017 of the Municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya. Specifically, this study covered Barangay Papaya, which consists of 894 people. The respondents in this study are the citrus farmers of the selected barangay. Specifically, the study gathered 50 citrus farmers as respondents.The researchers employed the purposive sampling in this research. In this case, the researchers exercise considerable discretion over what observations to study, because the goal is typically to study a diverse and usually limited number of observations rather than to analyze a sample representative of a larger target population (Johnson & Reynolds, 2005, p. 253). The main goal of purposive sampling is to focus on particular characteristics of a population that are of interest, which will best enable you to answer your research questions (http://dissertation.laerd.com/purposive-sampling.php). In particular, a type of purposive sampling, which is the homogenous sampling, is used in this research. Homogeneous sampling is a purposive sampling technique that aims to achieve a homogeneous sample; that is, a sample whose units (e.g., people, cases, etc.) share the same (or very similar) characteristics or traits (e.g., a group of people that are similar in terms of age, gender, background, occupation, etc.) (http://dissertation.laerd.com/purposive-sampling.php).Research InstrumentResearch instrument refers to the tools or devices employed by the researchers in order to gather information and answer the problems posed in this research. The tools are carefully designed to properly get the desired information from the subjects and documents. Basically, the main instrument used in data gathering was a questionnaire. Specifically, a checklist questionnaire will be used. The questionnaire provided for the farmers was divided into two parts. The first one was concerned with the implementation of Ordinance No. 2007-017 while the other part was focused with the impact of the living condition of the people in barangay Papaya since the ordinance got implemented. The first part was composed of four (4) categories: Nursery and Operation Management, Orchard Development and Management, Composition and Functions of the Citrus Task Force and Imposition of Prohibition and Penalties. All categories were based on the provisions in Ordinance No. 2007-017. It has 28 main questions and 4 sub questions. On the other hand, the second part was composed of seven (7) categories: income, production, housing, education, equipments, food and health. It has 15 questions. The purpose of this survey questionnaire is to know whether City Ordinance No. 2007-017, otherwise known as Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project has significance in the recovery status of the citrus industry in Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya and the life of the concerned citrus farmers. It is called checklist because it provides a list of items with corresponding space for the checkmark or answer of the respondents. Moreover, the researchers will conduct a personal interview in this research. This type of data collection method needs direct interaction with the respondents. This interaction involves presentation of oral- verbal stimuli and response in terms of oral/verbal communications(http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2026/16/16_chapter%203.pdf). The concerned citrus farmers will be interviewed to be able to know the socio-economic impact of the project to them, their current problems and recommendations to the program of their local government.Validation of the InstrumentValidity in questionnaire studies is the extent to which the questions provide a true measure of what they are designed to measure. The researcher needs to consider that the questions are clear and likely to produce accurate information, and that the full scope of the area that he or she intends to measure is covered by researchers tool (http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2026/16/16_chapter%203.pdf). The questions formulated in this study were consulted and evaluated by our Research Methods (POLS21) professor, our thesis adviser and a statistician. Furthermore, the questions were accepted, rejected, or revised according to the criteria set by them.

Data Gathering ProcedureIn the conduct of this study, the researchers firstly got a copy of the City Ordinance No. 2007-017 or the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project, which was a certified copy with the signatures of the municipal councilors, the liga president, SKM Federation President, the Vice Mayor, and the Secretary to the Sanggunian, with the approval of the City Mayor. Moreover, the researchers made use of books, previous related researches, and the internet concerning the gathering of data needed in the study. The researchers asked for the permission of the barangay chairman and some councilors of Papaya in the distribution of questionnaire forms and conduction of personal interviews with the concerned citrus farmers. The researchers took almost six (6) hours to get to the municipality of Kasibu and almost two (2) hours to barangay Papaya. Moreover, while travelling, the researchers took pictures of the farms and trees particularly citrus trees in the said municipality. On the first day of data gathering, the researchers only had surveyed and interviewed one citrus farmer. Luckily, he knows how to speak Tagalog so the researchers didnt have to explain the questions one by one to him. After he finished answering the questionnaire, the researchers then had a dialogue with him about his problems and recommendations regarding their local government program on citrus. These problems and recommendations were written at the back of the accomplished questionnaire. However, on the second day of data gathering, the researchers completed the target number of respondents because of intentionally waiting for the citrus farmers to finish the Sunday mass in their place. Although the researchers had ease in looking for citrus farmers, there was some difficulty in gathering information from the citrus farmer because most of them refused to read the questions and answer it on their own. Thus, the researchers decided to read and explain all questions to them in order to gain information for the study. The researchers were the ones who checked the answers of the citrus farmers and also the ones who wrote the problems raised and recommendations of the citrus farmers. The researchers took pictures and videos of the data gathering procedure. The estimated time of data gathering for every citrus farmer was ten (10) minutes. Thereafter, the researchers went to barangay Malabing to look for Malabing Valley Citrus Processing Center and Malabing Valley Training Center. These are managed by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) namely Malabing Literacy Credit Organization (MALCO) and Malabing Valley Multi-purpose Cooperative. These are the organizations that the citrus farmers said are helpful regarding citrus matters in their locality. Likewise, the researchers took pictures of the said centers in barangay Malabing. The researchers then went back home to organize the gathered data.

Statistical TreatmentThe researchers use nominal scale level of measurement for gathering data on the implementation of Ordinance No. 2007-017. It is used when the researchers want to distinguish one object from another for identification purposes (Acelajado, Blay & Belecina, 1999). Nominal data use numbers for the purpose of naming observations or classifying them into various mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories (Barata, Ymas, Baui & Hernandez, 2006). Moreover, a four-point scale is used for the given questionnaire to the citrus farmers regarding the policy implementation of Ordinance No. 2007-017. It could be evaluated through the following: MatindingPagsang-ayon, Sumasang-ayon, Hindi sumasang-ayon, and Matinding Hindi Pagsang-ayon. Its level of implementation is measured through likert scale wherein: 1.00-1.75, 1.76-2.50, 2.51-3.25 and 3.26-4.00 means very low, low, high, and very high level respectively. Other quality scales are also applied in the same evaluation sheet concerning the socio-economic impact of the ordinance to the citrus farmers.The measures of central tendency are employed in this research work. It is a numerical descriptive measure which indicates or locates the center of a distribution or data set (Acelajado, Blay & Belecina, 1999). In order to interpret the data, one of the three measures of central tendency is used: mean. Mean is the sum of the values of a variable divided by the number of values. This was employed to determine the level of implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 by counting the checkmarks.The researchers will determine the living conditions of the citrus farmers in barangay Papaya through the percentage system. This part of the research indicates the percentage of the farmers whose income, production, and the likes got enhanced, worsen and just remained. Ultimately, the researchers employed Chi-square test for independence, which is usually used to indicate the probability that a relationship observed among data drawn from a sample would also be observed among the target population (Johnson & Reynolds, 2005, p. 362). It is likewise a measure used with cross tabulation to determine if a relationship is statistically significant (Johnson & Reynolds, 2005, p. 400). It is used in order to check if there is a relation between the implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 and the living condition of the citrus farmers in barangay Papaya, Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya.Ultimately, all the data gathered in this study were computed with the use of SPSS. The researchers used a 0.05 level of significance.

CHAPTER IVPRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATAThis chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data gathered in response to the statement of the problem.Problem No. 1: What is the overall status of the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project in the Municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya?

Table 1Overall Implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management (Ordinance no. 2007-017)Vital Parts of the ordinanceMeanVerbal Interpretation

1. Nursery operation and management1.97Low implementation

2. Orchard development and management2.31Low implementation

3. Composition and functions of the citrus task force1.88Low implementation

4. Imposition of prohibition and penalties2.11Low implementation

5. Overall implementation2.06Low implementation

The table shows the overall level of implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 in barangay Papaya, Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya. Basically, the four vital parts of the ordinance: (1) Nursery operation and management; (2) Orchard development and management; (3) Composition and functions of the citrus task force; and (4) Imposition of prohibition and penalties share the same level of implementation which is low. With these, the overall level of implementation is LOW with a mean of 2.06.This indicates that the performance of the local government in Kasibu regarding the measures and regulations to prevent the spread and introduction of diseases on citrus was not effective enough to solve its problems on the citrus industry. Its role in helping the citrus farmers through the implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 is not evident.Firstly, the low implementation indicates a problem with regard to the timely establishment of a municipal nursery, distribution and price of citrus seedlings, conduction of citrus programs, cutting of trees and proper labeling of citrus plants and trees. This problem can be attributed to the poor support from the local government. The citrus farmers emphasized that they do not receive sufficient help from the municipal nursery wherein only non-government organizations like what they call coop or the Malabing Cooperative Citrus Foundation Nursery provide them assistance regarding their citrus problems. They rarely see citrus programs implemented by their local government unit. Instead, the so-called coop is the one that provides them such. Moreover, they said that they are the ones who buy their own citrus seedlings even it cost them a lot. They likewise cut the infected citrus trees by themselves.Secondly, it needs to put more effort in informing its citrus farmers about the diseases and viruses among citrus trees. Moreover, it rarely helps and gives notice to citrus farmers regarding the cutting of infected trees. With this, they just immediately cut or burn the infected parts of their citrus trees without waiting for government action. Lastly, the local government did not provide the needed insecticide to citrus farmers in order to prevent the transmission of the diseases and viruses among citrus trees. The citrus farmers are the ones who buy their own insecticides with the hope that it would immediately prevent the transmission of diseases and viruses among citrus trees.Thirdly, the Citrus Task Force has not done its functions properly. They do not perform indexing on the infected citrus trees of the farmers. Also, the respondents have not seen enough programs and activities regarding citrus from the different agencies of the Citrus Task Force. The citrus farmers have not considered the members of the Citrus Task Force to be well-trained concerning the needs of the citrus industry.Lastly, the low implementation results to problems regarding the inspection and release of enough supporting documents on the citrus seedlings coming from other places, cutting of infected trees, imposition of fines and cancellation of certificates. In the case of the citrus seedlings, it was said that the citrus farmers are the ones who buy their citrus seedlings, thus, there is no chance for the local government to provide supporting documents to it. Furthermore, the citrus farmers said that almost nobody is penalized during the course of the implementation of the ordinance. Some of them avoid penalties as much as possible since it will only lessen their income which is supposed to be allotted for their family needs.2. What is the impact of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project to the living conditions of the beneficiaries?

Table 2Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the ProductionFrequencyPercent

Nadagdagan611.8

Bumaba3364.7

Walang nagbago1223.5

Total51100

The table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the citrus farmers production. Most of them got their citrus production lessened which includes 33 of them (64.7%). Nothing has changed with their citrus production according to 12 of them (23.5%). However, only 6 citrus farmers (11.8%) said that they managed to increase their income. This means that the local government has to put more efforts in helping citrus farmers on their production.This indicates that the spread of diseases among citrus seriously affects the production of the farmers in barangay Papaya. Whenever a citrus tree gets infected, the farmers have to cut the infected part or worse its entirety. Thus, an infected tree means a delay in production because it still has to recover from the disease or to plant new citrus seedlings. The farmers have to wait for several months before it could sell its products to the local buyers. Moreover, the lack of support from the government to help them prevent the spread of diseases makes it worse because the citrus farmers said that they could not handle such things by themselves. Since they cannot improve their productivity, their income decreases and cannot eventually buy insecticides and seedlings which are essential to a sustainable citrus production. With these, they tend to decrease their citrus production and shift to more profitable farm crops such as coffee beans, rice and banana.

Table 3Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Income

FrequencyPercent

Nadagdagan713.7

Bumaba3364.7

Walang nagbago1121.6

Total51100

The table shows the frequency distribution and percentage of the citrus farmers income. 33 respondents (64.7 %) said that their income decreased during the course of the program implementation. The income of 11 respondents (21.6%) was maintained and only 7 of them (13.7%) got their income raised. This implies that the transmission of the viruses and diseases greatly caused the decrease of most of the citrus farmers income despite the citrus program of the local government.Most of the citrus farmers income decreased due to the continuous spread of diseases and viruses among their citrus trees. They are the ones who provide their citrus seedlings and insecticides, which their local government should provide. Thereby, it greatly affected their income and had a difficulty to earn it back. Whenever they can no longer avail those things, their citrus trees will eventually be infected and reduced which endanger the income that they are supposed to get. In addition, the sloppy road used for the transportation of their citrus products decreases their income. It reaches other places with a low quality, thereby devaluing their products. In connection, the citrus buyers in other places would tend to find for other citrus producers who can provide good quality citrus. Thus, their income coming from citrus would be reduced.In general, the impact of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development Project (Ordinance no. 2007-017) was bad. The citrus production and income of most of the citrus farmers in barangay Papaya decreased during the implementation of the said project. The citrus farmers found it hard to recover from the spread of diseases among citrus even with the introduction of the passed ordinance. It was not effective in helping get rid of the diseases and bring back the usual condition of Kasibus citrus industry. Farmers could no longer produce citrus as much as they want since it continuously gets infected. Thus, the living condition of the citrus farmers was not enhanced since their production and income lessened.In line with this, most of the farmers house was not repaired with 60.8%. Moreover, 58.8% of them said they reduced their childrens allowance on school. Furthermore, most aspects in their lives did not change: house ownership (76.5%), house structure (52.9%), source of electricity and water (62.7%), childrens school quality (51%), children sent to school (45.1%), high school graduate children (78.4%), children who stopped schooling (54.9%), quantity of modern house equipments (51%), daily food intake (64.7%), quality of food purchased (45.1%) and regular check-ups (41.2%).3. Is there a significant relationship between the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project and the living condition of the citrus farmers of Barangay Papaya?

Table 4Relationship between the level of implementation & productionChi-squareLevel of significanceP-valueInterpretation

3.9340.050.047Significant

The table shows the relationship between the overall level of implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 and the citrus farmers production in barangay Papaya. The chi-square value is 3.934 and the computed p-value is 0.047. Since the p-value is lower than the level of significance (0.05), then the null hypothesis is rejected. This means, there is a significant relationship between the level of implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 and the production of the citrus farmers in the selected barangay. This implies that the implementation of ordinance no. 2007-017 does not help improve the production of citrus in the area. In the open-ended part of the instrument, respondents revealed that the citrus program had no effect on their citrus production because of the poor implementation of the ordinance. With this, the local government, through the implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 did not help improve the production and consequently, the living condition of the beneficiaries of the program. Table 5Relationship between the level of implementation &incomeChi-squareLevel of significanceP-valueInterpretation

6.0460.050.014Significant

The table shows the relationship between the overall level of implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 and the citrus farmers income in barangay Papaya. The chi-square value is 6.046 and the computed p-value is 0.014. Since the p-value is higher than the level of significance (0.05), then the null hypothesis rejected. This means, there is a significant relationship between the level of implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 and the income of the citrus farmers in the selected barangay. The poor implementation, instead of helping improve the income of the farmers, hampers the increase of the income. Farmers who expect, depend and wait for the promises of the local government through the implementation of Ordinance No. 2007-017 got frustrated. This is the reason why many of the farmers would engage in other livelihood activities and recommended to the LGUs to develop new livelihood programs aside from citrus industry. These recommendations of the beneficiaries are reflections of their frustration to the poor implementation of the Ordinance because it did not help improved their income and consequently, their living conditions.

Problem No. 4: What are the problems encountered by the beneficiaries in the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project?

Based on the qualitative responses of the respondents, the biggest problem they encountered remains to be the diseases of the citrus caused by virus and bacteria. The insecticides needed by the citrus farmers to control insect vectors and transmission of diseases were not affordable for the most of them. As their citrus trees get infected one after another, their income and productions were greatly affected. With this, they had a difficulty buying insecticides regularly for their infected citrus trees, sometimes they have to travel from other barangays or municipality to find a cheaper price. Most of them even stopped buying their own insecticides due to the lack of sources of money. Due to lack of money, they cannot stop on cutting down the infected ones that greatly affected their farms. These qualitative responses conform to the results of the quantitative evaluation of the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project. Another problem encountered by the respondents is the poor farm to market road of the industry. According to them, this problem contributed to the decline of the citrus industry of the local government unit. Due to the poor roads of the barangays in Kasibu particularly barangay Papaya, it causes delay in terms of transporting and it also has great effect in the quality of the product of their citrus products. Other effects of the unconstructed road is that sometimes there is an unexpected bad weather that affects the citrus external quality and also, with a bumpy road there is a possibility that the citrus might be squeezed and damage on the process, with it the farmers cannot sell the fruits or the price may be decreased. Thus, the income of the citrus farmers also get delayed which makes their lives bad. Moreover, with the said delay, other local government units tend to find other citrus producers that can provide it on time and of better quality. The citrus growers also complained the lack of support of the government to the farmers. Respondents primarily complain the lack of seedlings, insecticides and fertilizers which the local government is supposed to provide. Also, the farmers are expecting that the government will have a program that will give the farmers a chance to raise their farms in hopes that the citrus industry will be revived. Since the citrus farmers find it hard to recover their citrus production because of the spread of virus and diseases, it should be considered that they will also have difficulty in buying these things. The farmers are expecting a promise that the government will give but even today the promise is still not being fulfilled, although there are some who receive help but its still not enough in the needs of the farmers. Thus, their local government needs to provide even a small amount of money that can help them to start over in acquiring the needed things for citrus recovery. Furthermore, seminars conducted by the local government are vital in helping the citrus farmers solve their problems with regard to their citrus trees and productions. Lastly, support in the form of checking the conditions of their citrus trees is very helpful in the recuperation of their citrus industry.

Problem No. 5: What are the recommendations of the people to further improve the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project?

Primarily, the respondents recommended a strong support from the local government unit for the improvement of the citrus industry in Barangay Papaya, Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya. Specifically, the farmers requested support from the local government in terms of the following:1. seedlings, fertilizer and insecticide that could stop the diseases;2. Improvement of the farm to market road for the speedy delivery of products; and3. Alternative source of income like fishing, piggery, gardening or planting banana, rice or coffee.It must be observed that the recommendations of the respondents jived with the problems they identified. The recommendations manifested the lack of support from the local government unit in terms of providing seedlings, fertilizer and insecticide. It also showed the difficulty of transporting citrus products to the market as they complained the road. Their recommendation to look for alternative sources of income manifested the discontents of the beneficiaries to the citrus industry. This means, the citrus industry as their primary source of income is not enough to support their needs.

CHAPTER 5SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter is the presentation of the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study.Summary of FindingsAfter the interpretation and analysis of data regarding the level of implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017 and its impact to the living condition of the beneficiaries in barangay Papaya the following findings were drawn:1. What is the status of the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project in the Municipality of Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya?

The overall implementation of the ordinance as shown in the gathered data is low, because it does not improve the living condition of the citrus farmers in the Municipality of Kasibu Nueva Vizcaya.2. What is the impact of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project to the living conditions of the beneficiaries?

The weak role of the local government unit in the enhancement of the living conditions of the beneficiaries through Ordinance No. 2007-017 is shown by the fact that the impact of the citrus nursery and orchard management project to the living conditions of the beneficiaries is negative. The gathered data showed that the living condition of the beneficiaries did not improve despite the existence of the ordinance that is supposed to enhance their living conditions. Results of the study imply that the local government was not effective in terms implementing Ordinance No. 2007-017.3. Is there a significant relationship between the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project and the living condition of the citrus farmers of Barangay Papaya?

There is a significant relationship between the implementation of the citrus nursery and orchard development and management project and the living condition of the beneficiaries of barangay Papaya. However, results of the study showed that the implementation of the ordinance did not contribute to the enhancement of the living conditions of the citrus farmers particularly in their production and income. Significant relationship is explained by the fact that when there is a low level implementation of the ordinance it will reflect to the economic production and income of the beneficiaries because the ordinance was created to improve the economic production of beneficiaries. With this, when the implementation of the ordinance is low then it is also tantamount to low production and income.4. What are the problems encountered by the beneficiaries in the implementation of the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project?

Based on their qualitative responses, the respondents complained the poor implementation of the program hence, the following problems arose: (1) unabated diseases of the citrus caused by virus and bacteria, (2) the poor farm to market road of the industry; and (3) lack of support of the government to the farmers.5. What are the recommendations of the people to further improve the Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development and Management Project?

Primarily, the respondents recommended a strong support from the local government unit for the improvement of the citrus industry in Barangay Papaya, Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya. Specifically, the farmers requested support from the local government in terms of (1) seedlings, fertilizer and insecticide that could stop the diseases; (2) improvement of the farm - to market road for the speedy delivery of products; and (3) alternative source of income like fishing, piggery, gardening or planting banana, rice or coffee.

ConclusionsBased on the given findings the following conclusions were drawn:The status of the implementation of Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development Project (Ordinance no. 2007-017) is low, meaning, the local government of Kasibu poorly implemented the provisions of the ordinance.The implementation of the Citrus Industry Program has negative impact on the living condition of the people in barangay Papaya. In this sense, the local government unit is not contributing in the enhancement of the living condition of the people through the citrus industry because of the poor implementation of the program.Consistent with the findings that Ordinance no. 2007-017 does not have any impact on the living conditions of the beneficiaries, the latter complained the poor implementation of the program, the lack of support of the government as evidenced by the poor farm-to-market roads and in general, the poor implementation of the program, as evidenced by the unabated diseases of the citrus tree. Consistent with the problems that the beneficiaries had encountered and the empirical findings of the poor implementation of the program, the citrus farmers primarily requested the support of the local government units to strengthen its role in the implementation of the citrus industry program.Specifically, the farmers requested supports from the local government in terms of (1) seedlings, fertilizer and insecticide that could stop the diseases; (2) improvement of the farm - to market road for the speedy delivery of products; and (3) alternative source of income like fishing, piggery, gardening or planting banana, rice or coffee.

RecommendationsIn the light of the given findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are offered:The LGU could help improve the living conditions of the beneficiaries through this program by taking into consideration the problems identified and the recommendations of the beneficiaries themselves through this research. It must (the LGU) support the beneficiaries by providing seedlings, fertilizer and insecticide that could stop the diseases as provided by the Ordinance no. 2007-017.The request of the beneficiaries to look for alternative sources of income like fishing, piggery, gardening or planting banana, rice or coffee must also be taken into consideration. The Local Government Unit through its local legislative body can develop a new program for this purpose. Kasibu is the citrus bowl of the Province of Nueva Vizcaya. If the local government unit wants to preserve this status, then, it needs to pay attention to the strengthening of the implementation of the program. It may allot a portion of its 20% Development Fund for the construction of farm-to-market roads. The local chief executive may task the Agriculture Office of the Municipality to execute its fundamental function of conducting a research and develop some strategies for the effective implementation of the program. In this way, the local government unit is also strengthening its role in improving the living conditions of the beneficiaries of the program.

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APPENDIX A

Kami po ay mga estudyanteng mananaliksik ng Far Eastern University. Nais po naming gumawa ng isang pag-aaral ukol sa programa ng inyong local na pamahalaan (Ordinance No. 2007-017). Anumang impormasyon na aming makukuha ay mananatiling pribado sa pagitan ninyo at ng mga mananaliksik. Kung mayroon kayong mga katanungan at suhestiyon, maaari ninyo lapitan ang mga mananaliksik. Maraming salamat po.

Edad:Kasarian:Taon na nagsimula sa trabaho:

IMPLEMENTASYON NG ORDINANSA NO. 2007-017

4 Matinding Pagsang-ayon2 Hindi Sumasang-ayon3 Sumasang-ayon1 Matinding Hindi Pagsang-ayon

1.1 NURSERY OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT4321

1. Napapanahon ang pagkakaroon ng municipal nursery nang matamaan ng mikrobiyo at sakit ang mga puno ng sitrus.

2. Mayroong mga programa ang inyong lokal na pamahalaan ukol sa sitrus.

3. Sapat ang mga punla na nanggagaling sa inyong lokal na pamahalaan.

4. Naipapamahagi ang mga punla nang nasa oras.

5. Abot-kaya ang mga punla.

6. Ang mga punla galing sa inyong lokal na pamahalaan ay may magandang kalidad.

7. Ang inyong lokal na pamahalaan ay palaging inaalam ang kondisyon ng inyong mga puno ng sitrus.

8. Ang inyong lokal na pamahalaan ay laging inaalam ang inyong produksyon ng sitrus.

9. Ipinagbibigay-alam ng inyong lokal na pamahalaan ang pagputol sa inyong mga puno ng sitrus na naapektuhan ng mikrobiyo at sakit.

10. Mahigpit na ipinapatupad ang apat na araw na palugit sa pagputol ng naapektuhang puno matapos paalalahanan ng inyong lokal na pamahalaan.

11. Kaagad na pinuputol ng Citrus Task Force o ng Municipal Agricultural Office ang mga naapektuhang puno matapos ang apat na araw na palugit.

12. Binibigyan kayo ng dagdag na supling na pananim sa tuwing hindi matagumpay ang pagtatanim ng halaman.

Ang mga scion ay may wastong lebelat pakete.

13. Itinatapon kaagad ng inyong lokal na pamahalaan ang mga punla na hindi maaaring gamitin.

Ipinagbibigay-alam sa inyo ang pagtatapon ng mga punla bago ito itapon.

14. Ang lahat ng mga halaman o puno ay may mga wastong lebel.

1.2 ORCHARD DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

4321

1. Nagbibigay ang inyong mga lokal na opisyal ng sapat na impormasyon ukol sa Huanglongbing and Citrus Tristeta virus.

2. Ipinagbibigay-alam ng inyong lokal na pamahalaan na dapat putulin o sunugin lamang ang anumang puno ng sitrus na may sintomas ng Huanglongbing at Tristeza virus.

3. Kayo ay tinutulungan ng inyong lokal na pamahalaan upang malaman kung kailan dapat putulin ang isang parte o ang kabuuan ng inyong naapektuhang puno ng sitrus.

4. Ang inyong lokal na pamahalaan ay nagpapamahagi ng mga insecticide para sa inyong mga naapektuhang puno.

Maganda ang kalidad ng insecticide na ginagamit.

1.3 COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CITRUS TASK FORCE

4321

1. Sila ay nag-iindex sa tuwing ang inyong mga puno o halaman ay may mga sintomas ng pagkakaroon ng mikrobiyo at sakit.

2. Mayroong mga programa at aktibidad na isinasagawa ang ibat-ibang ahensya ng Citrus Task Force.

3. Sila ay nagsasagawa ng sapat at wastong pagsasanay ukol sa pangangailangan ng inyong industriya ng sitrus.

1.4 IMPOSITION OF PROHIBITION AND PENALTIES

4321

1. Laging mayroong mga karampatang dokumento ang inyong lokal na pamahalaan sa mga bagong darating na punla ng sitrus galing sa ibang lugar.

Na-iisyu ang mga dokumento kaagad.

2. Sinisiyasat ng lokal na pamahalaan ang mga pumapasok na punla ng sitrus.

3. Agarang tinatanggal ang mga bahagi ng sitrus na naapektuhan ng Huanglongbing at Tristeza virus.

4. Pinapatay ang kabuuan ng puno ng sitrus na may Huanglongbing at Tristeza virus.

5. Nasusunod ang pagpataw ng P2, 500. 00 na multa sa sino man lumabag sa mga batas ukol sa sitrus.

6. Nakakansela ang sertipiko na magpaandar ng nursery ng sino man lumabag sa mga batas ukol sa sitrus.

7. Sumusunod ang mga benepisaryo sa mga patakaran upang maiwasan ang mga kaparusahan.

PAG-ANGAT NG ANTAS NG PAMUMUHAY

Lagyan ng tsek () ang kondisyon ng inyong pamilya kaugnay sa nagging pagpapatupad ng programang Citrus Nursery and Orchard Development ng inyong local na pamahalaan. Pumili lamang ng isa sa bawat numero.

1. Living Condition

1.1 PRODUKSYON

___ Nadagdagan___ Bumaba___ Walang nagbago

1.2 KITA KADA BUWAN

___ Nadagdagan___ Bumaba___ Walang nagbago

2. Survey of the Living Condition

2.1 BAHAY

1. ___ Napaayos___ Walang nagbago

2. ___ Dating pagmamay-ari pero ngayon ay umuupa na lamang___ Dating pagmamay-ari pero ngayon ay nakikitira na lamang___ Dating umuupa pero ngayon ay naging pagmamay-ari na___ Dating umuupa pero ngayon ay nakikitira na lamang___ Dating nakikitira pero ngayon ay pagmamay-ari na___ Dating nakikitira pero ngayon ay umuupa na___ Walang nagbago

3. ___Tumibay ang struktura ng bahay___ Humina ang struktura ng bahay___ Walang nagbago

4. ___ Gumanda ang pinagmumulan ng tubig at kuryente___ Sumama ang pinagmumulan ng tubig at kuryente___ Walang nagbago

2.2 EDUKASYON

1. ___ Naipasok ang anak sa mas magandang paaralan___ Naipasok ang anak sa di kagandahang paaralan___ Walang nagbago

2. ___ Tumaas ang baon ng anak___ Bumaba ang baon ng anak___ Walang nagbago

3. ___ Nadagdagan ang anak na nakapag-aral___ Nabawasan ang anak na nakapag-aral___ Walang nagbago

4. ___ Nadagdagan ng anak na nakapagtapos sa pag-aaral___ Walang nagbago5. ___ Nadagdagan ang anak na tumigil sa pag-aaral___ Nabawasan ang anak na tumigil sa pag-aaral___ Walang nagbago

2.3 KAGAMITAN

1. ___ Dumami ang de-kuryente at modernong kagamitan___ Kumonti ang de-kuryente at modernong kagamitan___ Walang nagbago

2.4 PAGKAIN

1. ___ Dumalas ang kain sa bawat araw___ Dumalang ang kain sa bawat araw___ Walang nagbago

2. ___ Dumalas ang pagbili ng murang pagkain___ Dumalang ang pagbili ng murang pagkain___ Walang nagbago

2.5 KALUSUGAN

1. ___ Napadalas ang pagpapatingin ng kalusugan sa klinika o ospital___ Dumalang ang pagpapatingin ng kalusugansa klinika o ospital___ Walang nagbago

APPENDIX B

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of the Respondents on the Nursery Operation and Management

Level of implementationFrequencyPercent

Very low2345.1

Low1427.5

High1223.5

Very high23.9

Total51100.0

Mean = 1.97 (Low implementation)

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of the Respondents on the Orchard Development and Management

Level of implementationFrequencyPercent

Very low815.7

Low2651

High1223.5

Very high59.8

Total51100

Mean = 2.31 (Low implementation)

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of the Respondents on the Composition and Functions of the Citrus Task Force

Level of implementationFrequencyPercent

Very low3058.8

Low611.8

High713.7

Very high815.7

Mean = 1.88 (Low implementation)

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of the Respondents on the Imposition of Prohibition and Penalties

Level of implementationFrequencyPercent

Very low1325.5

Low2447.1

High1223.5

Very high23.9

Total51100

Mean = 2.11 (Low implementation)

Overall Mean of the Implementation of Ordinance no. 2007-017

Level of ImplementationFrequencyPercent

Very low2345.1

Low1325.5

High1325.5

Very high23.9

Total51100

Mean = 2.06 (Low implementation)

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Kalagayan ng bahay

FrequencyPercent

Napaayos2039.22

Walang nagbago3160.8

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Pagmamay-ari ng tirahan

FrequencyPercent

Pagmamay-ari Umuupa47.8

Pagmamay-ari Nakikitira12

Umuupa Pagmamay-ari35.9

Umuupa Nakikitira00.0

Nakikitira Pagmamay-ari23.9

Nakikitira Umuupa23.9

Walang nagbago3976.5

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Struktura ng bahay

FrequencyPercent

Tumibay1733.3

Humina713.7

Walang nagbago2752.9

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Tubig at kuryente

FrequencyPercent

Gumanda1019.6

Sumama917.6

Walang nagbago3262.7

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Uri ng paaralan ng anak

FrequencyPercent

Mas maganda1631.4

Di kagandahan917.6

Walang nagbago2651

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Baon ng anak

FrequencyPercent

Tumaas1019.6

Bumaba3058.8

Walang nabago1121.6

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Anak na nakapag-aral

FrequencyPercent

Nadagdagan1019.6

Nabawasan1835.3

Walang nagbago2345.1

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Anak na nakapag tapos sa pag-aaral

FrequencyPercent

Nadagdagan815.7

Walang nagbago4384.3

Total

51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Anak na tumigil sa pag-aaral

FrequencyPercent

Nadagdagan1427.5

Nabawasan917.6

Walang nagbago2854.9

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of the Respondents on the De-kuryente at modernong kagamitan

FrequencyPercent

Dumami1325.5

Kumonti1223.5

Walang nagbago2651

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Kain sa bawat araw

FrequencyPercent

Dumalas917.6

Dumalang917.6

Walang nagbago3364.7

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Pagbili ng murang pagkain

FrequencyPercent

Dumalas815.7

Dumalang2039.2

Walang nagbago2345.1

Total51100

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Responses of theRespondents on the Pagpapatingin ng kalusugan sa klinika o ospital

FrequencyPercent

Napadalas2039.2

Dumalang1019.6

Walang nagbago2141.2

Total51100

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