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DESIGN STUDY OF HYBRID EXCITATION FLUX SWITCHING MOTOR FOR
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
SALMIZA BINTI SAID
A project report submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
Degree of Master of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Electric and Electronic Engineering
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
JULY 2014
v
ABSTRACT
Hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) is an attractive features compared
to interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The hybrid excitation is
applied in this project to gain the high torque of the system. This is because the flux
was achieved from both permanent magnet and field excitation coil. The design of 6
slot 7 pole inner rotor hybrid excitation motor is analyse by using the JMAG
Designer Software which is a simulation software that easily utilized by the user.
The analysis of no load, with load and improvement of the motor design is done.
The objective of the project of obtaining 207 Nm torque of the motor is succesful
since the improvement of the design give the torque of 228.70 Nm at speed
9161r/min from the initial torque of 171.04 Nm at speed 12580r/min. The
performance of motor is also improved when the maximum power is increase from
155kW to 173kW. The characteristic represent the high torque, low speed motor
performance. An improved design is to gain a better performance in its maximum
torque and power production. As the design results, the improved motor enables to
keep the better power density in the initial design.
vi
ABSTRAK
Hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) mempunyai ciri-ciri yang menarik
berbanding interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). Pengujaan
hibrid digunakan dalam projek ini untuk menghasilkan tork yang tinggi bagi sistem.
Ini kerana fluks dicapai dari kedua-dua magnet kekal dan medan pengujaan
gegelung. Reka bentuk 6 slot 7 pole rotor dalaman pengujaan hibrid motor dianalisis
menggunakan Designer Software JMAG yang merupakan perisian simulasi yang
mudah digunakan oleh pengguna. Analisis tanpa beban, dengan beban dan
peningkatan reka bentuk motor itu dilakukan. Objektif projek memperoleh tork
motor 207 Nm tercapai kerana peningkatan reka bentuk memberikan tork 228,70
Nm pada kelajuan 9161r/min berbanding tork permulaan 171,04 Nm pada kelajuan
12580r/min. Prestasi motor juga bertambah baik apabila kuasa maksimum
mengalami peningkatan dari 155kW kepada 173kW. Ciri ini memberikan prestasi
motor dalam keadaan tork yang tinggi pada kelajuan rendah. Peningkatan reka
bentuk adalah untuk mendapatkan prestasi yang lebih baik dalam tork dan kuasa
pengeluaran maksimum. Motor dalam reka bentuk ini bertambah baik dan
mempunyai ketumpatan kuasa yang lebih baik berbanding reka bentuk awal.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE i
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
CONTENTS vii
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF TABLES xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem statement 3
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Scopes 3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Introduction of Electric Motor 5
2.2 Classification of Flux Switching Motor (FSM) 6
2.2.1 Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Motor
(PMFSM)
6
2.2.2 Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor
(FEFSM)
7
viii
2.2.3 Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor
(HEFSM)
9
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 12
3.1 Introduction 12
3.2 Geometry Editor 15
3.2.1 Rotor design 16
3.2.2 Stator design 18
3.2.3 Permanent Magnet (PM) design 19
3.2.4 Field Excitation Coil (FEC) design 21
3.2.5 Armature Coil (AC) design 21
3.3 JMAG-Designer 22
3.3.1 Materials setting 22
3.3.2 Conditions setting 23
3.3.3 Circuit design 24
3.4 JMAG Analysis 24
3.4.1 No load analysis 24
3.4.2 Load analysis 25
3.4.3 Torque-Speed Analysis 25
3.4.4 The Improvement Of The Motor 25
CHAPTER 4 RESULT 27
4.1 Initial results 27
4.2 No-Load Analysis: Armature Coil test 27
4.2.1 6 coil test 29
4.2.2 3 coil test 29
4.2.3 UVW coil test 30
ix
4.3 Field Strengthening 33
4.4 Load Analysis 33
4.4.1 Torque at various Je/Ja 33
4.4.2 Speed Characteristic 34
4.5 Improved results 35
4.5.1 Torque at various Je/Ja for Improved
Design
38
4.5.2 Torque-Speed Characteristic for Improved
Design
38
4.6 Flux Linkage and Flux Distribution 39
4.7 Cogging Torque 45
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 46
5.1 Discussion and Conclusion 46
5.2 Suggestion and Future Work 49
REFERENCES 50
x
LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 The geometry of 6S-7P motor (a) Stator (b) Rotor 4
2.1 Types of Electric Motors 5
2.2 General Classification of FSM 6
2.3 Principle Operation of PMFSM 7
2.4 Principle operation of FEFSM (a) θe=0° and (b)
θe=180° flux moves from stator to rotor (c) θe=0° and
(d) θe=180° flux moves from rotor to stator
9
2.5 The operating principle of the proposed HEFSM (a)
θe=0° - more excitation (b) θe=180° - more excitation
(c) θe=0° - less excitation (d) θe=180° - less excitation
10
3.1 Design of 6S-7P HEFSM 13
3.2 Work flow of project implementation 14
3.3 Dimension of 6S-7P HEFSM Inner Rotor 14
3.4 Shortcut menu/Toolbar of Geometry Editor 16
3.5 Design of rotor (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region
(c) Region mirror copy (d) Full sketch
17
3.6 Design of stator (a) Stator sketch and create a region
(b) Region radial copy (c) Full sketch
19
xi
3.7 Design of PM part (a) PM sketch and create a region
(b) Full sketch
20
3.8 Design of FEC part 21
3.9 AC design of 6S-7P HEFSM 22
3.10 FEC and AC coil link 23
3.11 FEC Circuit implementation 24
3.12 The flow chart of improvement process 26
4.1 Graph of 6 coil test (a) Graph for flux pattern 1(b)
Graph of flux pattern 2 (c) Graph of flux pattern 3
29
4.2 Graph of 3 coil test (a) Flux pattern 1 represent V (b)
Flux pattern 2 represent U (c) Flux pattern 3 represent
W
30
4.3 UVW Circuit Connection 31
4.4 Graph of UVW fluxes (a) Flux pattern for UVW Test
(b) U Flux pattern for 3 conditions
32
4.5 Field Strengthening 33
4.6 The torque characteristic at various Je/Ja for Initial
Design
34
4.7 The Torque/Power-speed characteristic for Initial
Design
35
4.8 Graph of Improvement Process (a) Improvement of D1
(b) Improvement of D3
37
4.9 The torque characteristic at various Je/Ja for Improved
Design
38
xii
4.10 The Torque/Power-speed characteristic for Initial
Design and Improved Design
39
4.11 Flux Linkage of the Design 6S-7P Motor (a) & (b)
Initial Design (c) & (d) Improved Design
41
4.12 Flux Distribution of the Design 6S-7P Motor (a) & (b)
Initial Design (c) & (d) Improved Design (e) Magnetic
Flux Density Indicator
44
4.13 Flux flow for both PM and FEC in the motor design 44
4.14 Cogging torque of the 6S-7P design 45
5.1 Dimension of 6S-7P Inner Rotor HEFSM Improved
Design
47
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Parameters of Design 6S-7P HEFSM 4
2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of FSM 11
3.1 Design restrictions and specifications of the proposed
6S-7P HEFSM
13
3.2 Parameters of Design 6S-7P HEFSM 15
3.3 Materials setting 22
4.1 Connection between FEM coil and circuit 31
5.1 Initial and final design parameters of 6S-7P Inner Rotor
HEFSM
48
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
A demand for vehicles using electrical propulsion drives is getting higher and higher
from the stand points of preventing global warming and saving fossil fuel recently.
As one of the vehicles, many automotive companies have commercialized Hybrid
Electric Vehicles (HEVs) in which Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
(IPMSM) have been employed as a main traction motor in terms of high torque
and/or power density, and high efficiency over most of operating torque-speed range
[1] . This is due to the restriction of motor size to ensure enough passenger space
and the limitation of motor weight to reduce fuel consumption. As one of effective
strategies for increasing the motor power density, the technological tendency to
employ the combination of a high-speed machine and a reduction gear would be
accelerated.
With the significant achievements and improvements of permanent magnet
materials and power electronics devices, the brushless machines excited by PM
associated with FEC are developing dramatically. This type of machine is called
hybrid excitation machine (HEM) that can be classified into four categories. The
2
first type consists of both PM and FEC at rotor side such as combination rotor
hybrid excitation (CRHE) machine and synchronous/PM hybrid AC machine. The
second type consists of PM in the rotor while FEC is in the stator. The third type
consists of PM in the rotor while the FEC is in the machine end. Finally, the fourth
type of HEM is the machine, which has both PM and FEC in the stator. It should be
emphasized that all HEMs mentioned in the first three have a PM in the rotor and
can be categorized as “hybrid rotor-PM with field excitation machines” while the
fourth machine can be referred as “hybrid stator-PM with field excitation machines”.
Based on its principles of operation, the fourth machine is also known as “hybrid
excitation flux switching machine (HEFSM)” which is getting more popular recently
[2]- [3].
In this study, a 6S-7P HEFSM in which the arrangement of FEC in radial
direction is proposed for HEV applications. The proposed machine is composed of 6
PMs and 6 FECs distributed uniformly in the midst of each armature coil. The three-
phase armature coils are accommodated in the 6 slots for each 1/3 stator body
periodically. As the rotor rotates, the fluxes generated by PMs and mmf of FECs
link with the armature coil alternately. Generally, the relation between the
mechanical rotation frequency and the electrical frequency for this machine can be
expressed as: fe= Nr.fm
where fe is the electrical frequency, fm is the mechanical rotation frequency and Nr is
the number of rotor poles respectively. The presence of excitation coil makes these
types of machines more attractive in terms of modulating the PM flux.
3
1.2 Problem statement
Hybrid excitation machines (HEMs) consist of permanent magnet (PM) and field
excitation coil (FEC) as their main flux sources. It has several attractive features
compared to interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) which
conventionally employed in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Among various types
of HEM, the machine with both permanent magnet and excitation coil located on the
stator has the advantage of robust rotor structure similar as switch reluctance
machine (SRM) and make this machine to be applied for high speed motor drive
systems.
1.3 Objectives
The objectives of this study are:
i. To design the 6S-7P HEFSM inner rotor motor.
ii. To analyze the performance of the designed motor under no load condition,
with load condition, the torque, power and speed of the motor.
iii. To improve the performance of initial design of 6S-7P HEFSM.
1.4 Scopes
The design of 6S-7P motor is by using the JMAG Designer Software. JMAG
Designer is the electromagnetic simulation software than be easily utilized by the
user because of its CAD like usability. Application of CAD data makes it possible to
introduce magnetic field analysis into the existing design process.
4
By using the parameter as in Table 1.1 and Figure 1.1(a) and (b), the
designing of 6S-7P motor is made in the Geometry Editor of the JMAG Designer.
The drawing process take place with the specification needed.
Table 1.1: Parameters of Design 6S-7P HEFSM
D1 Rotor inner radius(mm)
D2 Rotor pole depth(mm)
D3 Rotor pole width(mm)
D4 PM length (mm)
D5 Excitation coil pitch(mm)
D6 Stator outer core thickness(mm)
D7 AC width(mm)
D8 AC height(mm)
(a) Design of stator (b) Design of rotor
Figure 1.1: The geometry of 6S-7P motor (a) Stator (b) Rotor
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction of Electric Motor
Figure 2.1: Types of Electric Motors
An electric motor is an electrochemical device that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction of
magnetic and current-carrying conductor to generate force. Electric motors may be
classified by the source of electric power, by their internal construction, by their
application, or by the type of motion they give. As shown in Figure 2.1, electric
motor can be divided into several types which have their own advantages and
disadvantages.
6
2.2 Classification of Flux Switching Motor (FSM)
Generally, the FSMs can be categorized into three groups that are Permanent
Magnet Flux Switching Motor (PMFSM), Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor
(FEFSM), and Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor (HEFSM). Both PM and FE
has only Permanent Magnet and Field Excitation Coil (FEC), respectively as their
main flux sources, while HE combines both PM and FEC as their main flux sources.
Figure 2.2 illustrates the general classification of FSMs.
Figure 2.2: General Classification of FSM
2.2.1 Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Motor (PMFSM)
PM motors based on the principle of flux switching have been studied for several
decades. Generally, such motors have a salient pole rotor and the PMs which are
housed in the stator. The salient pole rotor is similar to that of SRMs, which is more
robust and suitable for high speed applications and the difference in the number of
rotor poles and stator teeth is two. In contrast with conventional IPMSM, the slot
area is reduced when the magnets are moved from the rotor to the stator, it is easier
to dissipate the heat from the stator and the temperature rise in the magnet can be
controlled by proper cooling system.
Flux Switching Motor (FSM)
Permanent Magnet (PM) Field Excitation (FE) Hybrid Excitation (HE)
7
The general operating principle of the PMFSM is illustrated in Figure 2.3,
where the black arrows show the flux line of PM as an example. From the figure,
when the relative position of the rotor poles and a particular stator tooth are as in
Figure 2.3 (a), the flux-linkage corresponds to one polarity. However, the polarity of
the flux-linkage reverses as the relative position of the rotor poles and the stator
tooth changes as shown in Figure 2.3(b), which the flux linkage switches polarity as
the salient pole rotor rotates.
Figure 2.3: Principle Operation of PMFSM
2.2.2 Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor (FEFSM)
FEFSM is a form of salient-rotor reluctance motor with a novel topology, combining
the principles of the inductor generator and the SRMs [4]- [5]. The concept of the
FEFSM involves changing the polarity of the flux linking with the armature
winding, with respect to the rotor position. The viability of this design was
demonstrated in applications requiring high power densities and a good level of
durability [6]- [7]. The novelty of the invention was that the single-phase AC
configuration could be realized in the armature windings by deployment of DC FEC
8
and armature winding, to give the required flux orientation for rotation. The torque
is produced by the variable mutual inductance of the windings. The single-phase
FEFSM is very simple motor to manufacture, coupled with a power electronic
controller and it has the potential to be extremely low cost in high volume
applications. Furthermore, being an electronically commutated brushless motor, it
inherently offers longer life and very flexible and precise control of torque, speed,
and position at no additional cost.
The operating principle of the FEFSM is illustrated in Figure 2.4. Figure
2.4(a) and (b) show the direction of the FEC fluxes into the rotor while Figure 2.4(c)
and (d) illustrate the direction of FEC fluxes into the stator which produces a
complete one cycle flux. Similar with PMFSM, the flux linkage of FEC switches its
polarity by following the movement of salient pole rotor which creates the term
“flux switching”. Each reversal of armature current shown by the transition between
Figure 2.4(a) and (b), causes the stator flux to switch between the alternate stator
teeth. The flux does not rotate but shifts clockwise and counter clockwise with each
armature-current reversal. With rotor inertia and appropriate timing of the armature
current reversal, the reluctance rotor can rotate continuously at a speed controlled by
the armature current frequency. The armature winding requires an alternating
current reversing in polarity in synchronism with the rotor position. For automotive
applications the cost of the power electronic controller must be as low as possible.
This is achieved by placing two armature coils in every slot so that the armature
winding comprises a set of closely coupled (bifilar) coils [8]- [9].
9
Figure 2.4: Principle operation of FEFSM (a) θe=0° and (b) θe=180° flux moves from stator to rotor (c) θe=0° and (d) θe=180° flux moves from rotor to stator
2.2.3 Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching Motor (HEFSM)
Hybrid excitation flux switching motors (HEFSMs) are those which utilize primary
excitation by PMs as well as DC FEC as a secondary source. Conventionally,
PMFSMs can be operated beyond base speed in the flux weakening region by means
of controlling the armature winding current. HEFSM is an alternative option where
the advantages of both PM motors and DC FEC motors are combined. As such
HEFSMs have the potential to improve flux weakening performance, power and
torque density, variable flux capability, and efficiency which have been researched
extensively over many years [10]- [11].
The operating principle of the proposed HEFSM is illustrated in Figure 2.5,
where the red and blue line indicate the flux from PM and FEC, respectively. In
10
Figure 2.5(a) and (b), since the direction of both PM and FEC fluxes are in the same
polarity, both fluxes are combined and move together into the rotor, hence
producing more fluxes with a so called hybrid excitation flux. Furthermore in Figure
2.5(c) and (d), where the FEC is in reverse polarity, only flux of PM flows into the
rotor while the flux of FEC moves around the stator outer yoke which results in less
flux excitation. As one advantage of the DC FEC, the flux of PM can easily be
controlled with variable flux control capabilities as well as under field weakening
and or field strengthening excitation. The advantages and disadvantages of FSM
discussed in this chapter are listed in Table 2.1.
Figure 2.5: The operating principle of the proposed HEFSM (a) θe=0° - more excitation (b) θe=180° - more excitation (c) θe=0° - less excitation (d) θe=180° - less excitation.
11
Table 2.1: Advantages and disadvantages of FSM
Advantages Disadvantages
1. Simple and robust rotor structure
suitable for high speed applications
2. (Easy to manage magnet temperature
rise as all active parts are located in
the stator
3. Flux focusing / low cost ferrite
magnets can also be used
4. Sinusoidal back-emf waveform
which is suitable for brushless AC
operation
1. Reduced copper slot area in stator
2. Low over-load capability due to
heavy saturation
3. Complicated stator
4. Flux leakage outside stator
5. High magnet volume for PMFSM
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Methodology of this research is by using JMAG-Designer version 13.0 software to
design the motor. JMAG is simulation software for the development and design of
electrical devices. JMAG was originally release in 1983 as a tool to support design
for devices such as motors, actuators, circuit component, and antennas. The design
of 6S-7P HEFSM is divide into two parts which is by using Geometry Editor and it
is continued by using JMAG-Designer. The work flow of the geometry editor and
JMAG-Designer are illustrated in Figure 3.2(a) and (b) respectively.
To design a motor, there are some restrictions and specifications need to
follow. This is to ensure the designed motor will be around the recommended
details, thus the output performance as requested is achieved. The summary of
overall restrictions and specifications are as shown in Table 3.1. The Figure 3.1
shows the design of 6S-7P Inner Rotor HEFSM. The dimension of the motor is
shown in Figure 3.3. All these requirements are need in designing the motor.
13
Figure 3.1: Design of 6S-7P HEFSM
Table 3.1: Design restrictions and specifications of the proposed 6S-7P HEFSM
Items Unit HEFSM
Geometrical dimension and volume
Stator outer diameter mm 264 Motor stack length mm 70 Shaft radius mm 30 Air gap length mm 0.8 PM weight kg 0.7
Input voltage and current
Max. DC-bus voltage inverter V 650 Max. inverter current Arms 360 Maximum Ja Arms/mm2 30 Maximum Je A/mm2 30
Output performances
Maximum torque Nm 207 Reduction gear ratio - 2.478 Max. axle torque via GR Nm > 825 Maximum speed r/min 12,400 Maximum power kW > 123 Motor weight kg < 35 Power density kW/kg > 3.5
Ja = armature current density, Je = FEC current density, GR = gear ratio
Armature Coil
Permanent Magnet
Field Excitation Coil
14
(a)Flow chart of geometry editor (b) Flow chart of JMAG-Designer
Figure 3.2: Work flow of project implementation
Figure 3.3: Dimension of 6S-7P HEFSM Inner Rotor
Start
Rotor design
Stator design
Permanent Magnet design
Field Excitation Coil design
Armature coil design
End
Start
Materials
Condition
Circuit
Mesh
Run
End
Graph
Study properties
15
Design parameters of 6Slot-7Poles HEFSSM for HEV applications are shown in
Table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2: Parameters of Design 6S-7P HEFSM
Parameters Initial
D1 Rotor inner radius (mm) 87.2
D2 Rotor pole depth (mm) 16.6
D3 Rotor pole arc (mm) 27.2
D4 PM length (mm) 14
D5 Excitation coil pitch (mm) 30
D6 Stator outer core thickness (mm) 8
D7 AC width (mm) 17.8
D8 AC height (mm) 14.2
ag Air gap length (mm) 0.8
3.2 Geometry Editor
Geometry editor is used to design the rotor and stator part of the motor. The drawing
of PM, FEC and AC parts at the stator can also be done here. The Figure 3.4 shows
the toolbar which used in designing the motor parts.
16
aa
Figure 3.4: Shortcut menu/Toolbar of Geometry Editor
3.2.1 Rotor design
i. By click the [Edit Sketch] button, the design on the work plane is started.
ii. Three circles are drawn by using [circle] button. The radius values
adjusted according to the measurement before.
iii. A straight line ([line] button) at about 30ᵒ is drawn from the center point
and another line is parallel to it with distance 16.6mm.
iv. The part that is not being used is cut by using [Trim sketch] button. The
drawing is shown in Figure 3.5(a).
v. Create region for the drawing and must be in enclosed shape. It is shown
in Figure 3.5 (b).
vi. After that, by click the [Region Mirror Copy] the drawing is merging
with one line is set as the reference for the mirror copy. Refer Figure
3.5(c)
vii. The [Region Radial Copy] is used to complete the 7 poles of rotor model.
The full sketch of rotor design is shown in Figure 3.5(d).
Region mirror copy
Region Radial copy Edit sketch
Trim sketch
Line Circle
Create region
17
(a) Sketch the design (b) Create region
(c) Region mirror copy
(d) Full sketch
Figure 3.5: Design of rotor (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region (c) Region mirror copy (d) Full sketch
Work plane
18
3.2.2 Stator design
i. Same as rotor part, all steps are repeated to draw the stator part.
ii. The enclosed shape which can be merge and copy is drawn. The angle is
about 25.72o.
iii. A region is created and one line is chose as the reference. It was
illustrated in Figure 3.6(a).
iv. Copy the sketch in mirror and radial pattern. The instance of this design
is 6 with angle 60o. It can be referred in Figure 3.6(b). Figure 3.6(c)
shows the full sketch for stator part.
(a) Stator sketch and create a region (b) Region radial copy
19
(c) Full sketch
Figure 3.6: Design of stator (a) Stator sketch and create a region (b) Region radial copy (c) Full sketch
3.2.3 Permanent Magnet (PM) design
i. After the stator and rotor part are drawn, all the parts that is still blank is
filled up.
ii. For permanent magnet part, all the same steps as before are repeated.
iii. One line is drawn and parallel with another line. The parameter for the
length and width is followed as in Table III and the sketch is shown in
Figure 3.7(a).
iv. Figure 3.7(b) shows the PM filled in the stator.
20
(a) PM sketch and create a region
(b) Full sketch
Figure 3.7: Design of PM part (a) PM sketch and create a region (b) Full sketch
21
3.2.4 Field Excitation Coil (FEC) design
i. 6S-7P consists of 6 pairs of FEC. The same steps are repeated.
ii. 4 perpendicular lines are drawn and create the region.
iii. Copy and merge the shape to fill all the 12 FEC. Figure 3.8 shows the
full sketch of FEC when it fill up the stator.
Figure 3.8: Design of FEC part
3.2.5 Armature Coil (AC) design
i. AC part is drawn. By repeated the same steps as before, the 6 pairs of AC
completed the HEFSM design in geometry editor.
ii. Figure 3.8 shows the full drawing of AC for 6S-7P HEFSM.
22
Figure 3.9: AC design of 6S-7P HEFSM.
3.3 JMAG-Designer
JMAG-Designer is used to continue the design of 6S-7P HEFSM. It used to
set the materials and conditions, construct a circuit and mesh the motor part.
3.3.1 Materials setting
The materials for HEFSM parts are set as shown in Table 3.3. The materials
are choose from the toolbox located at the right side.
Table 3.3: Materials setting
Parts Material use
Rotor, Stator Nippon Steel 35H210
Permanent Magnet (PM) NEOMAX-35AH (irreversible)
Armature coil, FEC Conductor Copper
23
3.3.2 Conditions setting
The condition setting for HEFSM design, for the rotation at the rotor that can be
found from the conditions toolbox and the constant revolution speed is set to 1200
r/min. The Force: Nodal force is set to the rotor to calculate the electromagnetic
force acting on magnetic materials. Rotation axis is in upward. While for the
Torque: Nodal force, it is specifies to calculate the torque acting on magnetic
materials. It set to the rotor part in upward rotation axis. FEM coil is specifies in the
model to link to an FEM coil component in the circuit when the current distribution
is assumed to be uniform in the coil. The full coil link in the FEC and AC is shown
in Figure 3.10.
Figure 3.10: FEC and AC coil link
24
3.3.3 Circuit design
Figure 3.11 shows the circuit implementation for HEFSM design. For FEC 1
and FEC 2 as shown in Figure 3.10, the value of turns based on calculation is set to
190 turns while the constant is 1 ohm. The current source (I1) is set to 0 A.
Figure 3.11: FEC Circuit implementation
3.4 JMAG Analysis
3.4.1 No load analysis
The analysis is done to identify the characteristics of the magnetic flux. This is
called armature coil test. The no load analysis also include the flux characteristic by
setting the current flow through FEC with different values. Beginning from Je=0
A/mm2 until maximum Je=30 A/mm2. This analysis is named as flux strengthening.
Both armature coil test and flux strengthening shows the maximum flux that can be
generated by the motor.
50
REFERENCES
[1] E. Sulaiman, T. Osaka, Y. Tsujimori, and N. Matsui, "Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine with Hybrid Excitation," in Proc. International Conf. on Electrical Energy and Industrial Electronics System (EEIES 2009), 2009.
[2] E. Sulaiman, T. Osaka, Y. Tsujimori, and N. Matsui, "Design optimization of 12Slot-10Pole hybrid excitation flux switching synchronous machine with 0.4kg permanent magnet for hybrid electric vehicles," in Proc. 8th Int. Conference on Power Electronics -ECCE Asia, (ICPE 2011), 2011.
[3] E. Sulaiman, T. Osaka, Y. Tsujimori, and N. Matsui, "Design of 12Slot-10Pole Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machine with Hybrid Excitation for Hybrid electric Vehicle," in Proc. The 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machine and Drives (PEMD 2010), 2010.
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