Thiet Ke Trong Tham Co Ventiver Bao Ve Mai de Dap

B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN VIN KHOA HC THU LI VIT NAM

BO CO TNG KT CHUYN NGHIN CU

HNG DN THIT K THM C VETIVER BO V MI

THUC TI: NGHIN CU GII PHP P BNG VT LIU A PHNG V P TRN NN T YU T QUNG NINH N QUNG NAM

M s: 05 Thuc chng trnh: NGHIN CU KHOA HC CNG NGH PHC V XYDNG BIN V CNG TRNH THU LI VNG CA SNG VEN BIN

Ch nhim ti: PGS. TS Nguyn Quc Dng

C quan ch tr ti: Vin Khoa hc Thu li Vit Nam

7579-19 22/12/2009

H Ni 2009

ti: Nghin cu gii php p bng vt liu a phng v p trn nn t yu t Qung Ninh n Qung Nam

Bo co chuyn 27: Hng dn thit k thm c Vetiver bo v mi 1

Cc gii php bo v mi bin

7.1. GII THIU CC GII PHP CHNG SNG

7.2. RNG NGP MN

7.3. CC GII PHP CNG TRNH NGN CT GIM SNG

7.4. CC GII PHP GIA C BO V MI BIN

7.4.1. GIA C BO V MI BNG CC LOI VT LIU XY DNG

7.4.2. GIA C BO V MI BNG THM C

7.4.2.1. Cc gii php bo v mi dc bng thc vt Vit Nam

7.4.2.2. Hng dn thit k chi tit h thng VS

a. Nhng quy nh chung

Khi thit k trng c phi tin hnh cn thn v c chuyn gia c kinh

nghim kim tra.

Sau khi trng, c Vetiver cha pht huy tc dng c ngay v mi dc

rt c th b trt l trong mt vi thng u. Do vy mi dc d kin bo v

bng c Vetiver cn n nh hoc tm thi n nh v cu trc bn trong, t c

kh nng trt l t nht l trong my thng u cho n khi c Vetiver hon ton

pht huy tc dng ca n.

Ch nn trng c Vetiver trn cc mi dc t vi gc dc khng vt

qu 45o-50o.

C Vetiver khng a bng rm, v vy nn trnh trng di cu, di

bng cy.

Mt s lu khi quyt nh, lp k hoch v t chc trin khai trng c

Vetiver:

Thi gian: Khi lp k hoch trng c cn lu v ma v khong thi

gian cn thit m ging.



Chm sc: Khi mi trng, c Vetiver c th cha pht huy tc dng

ngay, thm ch mt s c th cht, cn trng dm. Do vy, khi lp k hoch, d

ton cng cn d phng.

Mt s hng mc cng vic nh nhn cng, phn bn, cy ging, chm

sc, bo dng a phng c th t lm c. y va l u im ca bin

php trng c va l c hi to thm cng n vic lm cho a phng, m bo

cht lng cng nh s bn vng ca cng trnh.

Nn phi hp cht ch, ti a vi cng ng a phng ngay t khi

thit k, quyt nh cc hng mc cn mua sm, k hp ng, u t v bo m

cht lng cng trnh.

Cc cp c thm quyn quyt nh cng cn c tinh thn sn sng, v

cng cn khuyn khch h chp nhn bin php trng c Vetiver thay cho cc

gii php truyn thng khc. c bit, khng nn coi nh l mt bin php

bo v cc b, c tc dng tc th ng ni xung yu nht. Ngc li, nn p

dng vi quy m ln t c hiu qu chung mt cch dn dn, lu di.

b. Cng tc chun b

- Thi gian trng c Vetiver

Thi gian trng c tnh cht quyt nh i vi thnh cng v mc chi ph.

Trng vo ma kh i hi nhiu cng sc ti nc. Kinh nghim trng c ma

kh vng cn ct Min Trung cho thy khi mi trng, mi ngy cn ti 1

hoc 2 ln. Nu khng ti, cy c Vetiver khng cht nhng chm pht trin.

Trng trn quy m ln, th d trn taluy sut dc tuyn ng H Ch Minh, kh

c th la chn c thi gian trng thch hp nht, do vy cn ti hng ngy

bng c gii trong nhng thng u sau khi trng.

Nu thi tit khng thun, phi ti 3-4 thng, thm ch 5-6 thng sau khi

trng c Vetiver mi pht trin n nh, v phi 9-10 thng sau khi trng mi

hon ton pht huy tc dng. V vy, cc chuyn gia khuyn co l nn trng khi

bt u ma ma, c ngha l phi bt u m ging vo ma xun.



Cng c th trng c Vetiver trong v ng - xun, nht l Min Bc.

Mc d c ni, c khi nhit xung di 10o nhng c Vetiver vn khng cht,

v khi gp ma phn v tit tri m ln l c pht trin ln ngay.

Min Trung, ni nhit thng xuyn trn 15o, vic trng c Vetiver

trn quy m ln c th bt u t ma xun.

- Vn m c Vetiver

Ging tt v cng l yu t quyt nh i vi thnh cng ca d n.

Chi tit v m v nhn ging c Vetiver c trnh by Phn 2. Ni chung,

tr cc d n trng i tr do cc cng ty chuyn nghip thc hin, khng cn

lm vn m tp trung quy m ln m ch cn mt s vn m phn tn, mi

vn rng vi trm m2, do mt s h nng dn ph trch l . Nhng h ny k

hp ng v c thanh ton theo s lng c ging m h cung cp theo yu

cu ca hp ng.

- Chun b trng c Vetiver

i vi cc d n trng c Vetiver trn quy m va v ln, cn c s

tham gia ca nhiu ngi dn a phng, c th tin hnh theo cc bc sau:

Bc 1: Chuyn gia kho st hin trng.

Bc 2: Trao i vi ngi dn a phng v nhng kh khn, tr ngi

v nhng bin php gii quyt.

Bc 3: Gii thiu v cng ngh mi (thng qua hi tho, lp tp hun...).

Bc 4: T chc th nghim (lm vn m, k hp ng v.v.).

Bc 5: iu hnh, gim st vic thc hin.

Bc 6: Trao i v kt qu th nghim (qua hi tho, hi ngh u b...).

Bc 7: T chc thc hin trn quy m ln.

Trong trng hp d n trng c Vetiver do cc cng ty chuyn nghip

thc hin th nn p dng cc bc 1, 4, 5 v 7 nhng s tham gia ca ngi dn

a phng vn rt cn thit, t nht l cn nng cao nhn thc cng ng nhm

gim thiu nhng hnh ng ph hoi hoc khng tru b dm p.



c. Thit k trng c Vetiver

- sn dc t nhin, taluy, b ng t p

n nh t dc hoc taluy ng, nn b tr trng cc hng c Vetiver

nh sau:

+ dc mi khng nn vt qu 1(H) : 1(V), thm ch 1,5:1 hoc thoi

hn trn t d b xi ra v/hoc cc khu vc ma nhiu (trong H - chiu

ngang, V - chiu ng).

+ Nn trng c Vetiver theo ng ng mc vi khong cch gia cc

hng (o xui dc) vo khong 1,0 - 2,0m. ni t d b xi ra cc hng c

nn cch nhau khong 1,0m, tng ln ti 1,5 - 2,0m nhng ni t n nh hn.

+ Hng u tin nn trng ng mp trn ca taluy i vi tt c taluy

cao trn 1,5m.

+ Hng di cng nn trng st chn taluy v dc theo rnh thot nc.

+ Gia cc hng u tin v di cng, khong cch gia cc hng cn li

nh nu trn.

+ i vi nhng taluy cao trn 10m, c cch khong 5 - 8m theo chiu

thng ng li nn git cp, nhng ng c rng 1-3m v trng cc hng c

Vetiver trn .

- ni xi l b sng, b bin v cc cng trnh gi nc mt n nh

gim nh l lt, bo v , k, b sng, b bin nn b tr trng c

Vetiver nh sau:

+ dc b hoc , k ti a khng nn qu 1,5(H):1 (V), nn 2,5:1

hoc thm ch thoi hn. H thng bin Hi Hu (Nam nh) thc t c

dc t 3:1 n 4:1.

+ C Vetiver nn trng theo hai hng:

n nh b hoc , k, trng c Vetiver theo ng ng mc, song

song vi chiu dng chy, vi khong cch gia cc hng (o xui dc) l 0,8-

1,0m. Trong mt d n bo v bin mi y Hi Hu (Nam nh), khong



cch trn ch cn 0,25m.

gim tc dng chy, trng cc hng c Vetiver vung gc vi chiu

dng chy vi khong cch gia cc hng khong 2,0m i vi t d b xi ra

v 4,0m ni t tng i n nh. d n bo v sng Tr Bng (Qung

Ngi), cc hng c ny thm ch c trng cch nhau ch 1,0m.

+ Hng ngang trn cng trng dc theo mp nh dc, hng di cng

trng ngang mc nc thp nht. (lu l mt s ni mc nc sng c th

hay i rt ng k theo ma v do vy c th chn ng thi im nc kit

nht trng hng di cng cng thp cng tt. Do mc nc c th ln cao,

mt vi hng di cng c th mc chm hn cc hng trn).

+ gia trng cc hng theo ng ng mc vi khong cch nu

trn.

+ Khi trng c Vetiver trn cc ngn mn, trong mt khong thi gian

no mn ca nc c th tng ln, c th nh hng n s pht trin ca

c Vetiver. Theo kinh nghim ca mt d n gim nh thin tai tnh Qung

Ngi, nn thay c Vetiver bng mt s loi cy chu mn khc nh da cn,

ging v.v.

+ Trong mi trng hp, nh trn nu, c th kt hp h thng VS vi

nhng bin php truyn thng khc, th d nh phn chn , k c th lt , b

tng hoc vi a k thut, cn na trn th trng c Vetiver.

d. Trng c Vetiver

o cc rnh su v rng khong 15 cm.

t cc khm c Vetiver thnh hng, mi khm c 2-3 dnh, khong cch

gia cc khm c l 10-12cm ni t d b xi ra n 15cm ni t bnh

thng.

t trn cc mi dc, sn taluy ng hoc , k t p thng cn

ci, do vy nn trng c bng cc ti bu, c bit l i vi cc d n quy m

ln, yu cu c pht trin nhanh. Rt c t cc ti bu ra ri t thnh hng trong

cc rnh o sn vi khong cch nh trn. Sau t c thng ng v ln



cht bng t, nu c th trn ln t vi phn chung v mn th cng tt.

t b sng thng mu m, vic ti nc lc u cng khng tn

cng sc, do vy c th trng c r trn.

Khi trng, nn bn phn NPK theo hng vi liu lng 100g/m di. ni

t chua phn nn bn thm vi bt khong 100g/m di.

Ti nc ngay sau khi trng c.

Trong thi gian u, khi c Vetiver cha pht trin tt, c di c th ln

t. tr c di nn phun thuc tr c, chng hn dng Altrazin.

d. Chm sc c Vetiver

- Ti nc

Trong 2 tun u sau khi trng, nu thi tit kh cn ti nc hng ngy,

2-4 tun tip theo c th ti cch nht. Sau , mi tun ti 2 ln cho ti khi

c mc tt.

Khi c trng thnh khng cn ti na.

- Trng gim

Nhng ch c khng mc c hoc b nc ra tri i trong thi gian

u sau khi trng th cn trng gim v

Tip tc kim tra cho n khi to thnh hng ro kn v khe.

- Phng tr c di

Cn phng tr c di trong nm u tin, nht l cc loi cy thn leo.

C Vetiver rt nhy cm vi thuc tr c Glyphosate, khng nn s dng

loi thuc ny tr c ni trng c Vetiver.

- Bn phn

Ni t kh cn, nn bn phn NPK sau khi trng v vo ma ma th

hai.



- Ct ta

Ct ta cng l mt khu quan trng khi p dng h thng VS. C th tin

hnh t ct u tin khong 4-5 thng sau khi trng thc cho c pht trin

nhiu chi mi. V sau, mi nm c th ct ta 2-3 ln, li khong 15-20cm

phn thn ni trn mt t. K thut n gin ny nhm:

+ Gim bt lng l kh c th che khut cc chi non, gip cho chng

pht trin tt hn.

+ Lm cho nhng hng c Vetiver xanh ti, thn thin vi mi trng v

phng ha hon c th xy ra.

+ Phn l xanh b ct i c th s dng vo nhiu mc ch, nh lm thc

n cho tru b, lm nguyn liu th cng nghip, lp nh v.v. Tuy nhin, khi

trng c Vetiver vi mc ch gim nh thin tai, bo v c s h tng th

ng nn qun rng mi l mc ch chnh. Chng hn cn bo m rng c

cao, rm khi ma ma bo ti. Cn sau ma ma bo th c th ct. Mt

thi im ct thch hp na c th l vo khong 3-4 thng trc ma ma bo.

- Bo v

Khi c Vetiver cn non, tru b rt c th n n, gim p ln hoc cng

c th c mt s ngi v thc n nh ph. Khi pht trin tt, c rt cng,

khe, khng cn hp dn tru b, khng s b ph na. Do vy, nhng ni cn

thit, c th lm hng ro bo v c trong my thng u sau khi trng.

Huong dan thiet ke chi tiet he thong co Vetiver

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Thiet Ke Trong Tham Co Ventiver Bao Ve Mai de Dap