Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
tiOeiC €CKKd*t66!
X gro& tly SuftteteA tw Dr* l«» fcriwltiUttr A te fr** IAmmi
teA Iztitistod title 8%u6y onA Ate ***1* fy* dturiog Ate
HHrrrwtl'H odf tteausoxijTt •
X **TiftVI i i*a» to ^ w y . qy rtiotdfctul* Adi Pip- SshbA itoji*46iex‘.
o f t fr* fioptetateA of iiortieuituao, ^M-WTdfity «yf S M d l| Ate h is
geos3x«i8 (juLdBUx* teA ftp* $m 0* t e | f flA ftHMMI iiasp ita l,
ika*oluluj jjay a li# fo r pruvMSug Ate XHfty <*<*« to ^i«<* s tu ly
OGSciffc i/i-i h oossibla* WA ftp* iTffBfdff 9* Cblxtt doA ftp* Awteft |^ » y fo r
th e ir c r itic lata of in n n ir l j t
y slsjosi1© A/ rv fc.»i l Qwrip<fiA Id Am to ftm t- uii'c -jcai'tiod Ate the
sciioltirskip •$¥**- einablod ao to c\;v§>Ieto th is studio
' * -
p-f: -..r.iVv. .%
.?'*v
f ifftft df C083BHBB
flBBtiBMC9E808 • X
W/B9&H op
i m t s i l s tu d ies o f VoI I m M M ta n . . . . . . . . . . 1MR S ftttp i Oftucr.: by U¥ uatl X-ray XradlrtjUicui • « . • • 3 «*—•------ - HWh in M*/t tttfr y■ygKroBPPOB*. 4ZlQLaQ6Q. wjF OT 11X1
IirimiitlflHi 5ltifc;361c In h ib itio n «« A fte su lt o f Qf onA
•ysky, iHia # 4 m - t i i 1 I f f iM im rtInkIW Ml «M$*Stp * » # • * * * • • « * « * » * • # • 8
Folloc Irrediat Lax » » • • * • . * • * • * * » * * * • IX)
mmbbubb op x~$$x w m m m mSurvival CurwM for X»iy»»&iHU«tld Pollen . . . . . . . 2<Ji ii tu tic lo h ib itia n fcy X-xoys * • * • • • • • • • * • • « 32
M M M D M M t t M H IWMf 0f OQ the
flOHISX
I I
l\S0iJL5E jJ? yUEKMfliiLES IKCiAylA-YlCSiS
33
Zi uDUCTlOfJ
BltoXSlflStS polXoU Of ►tigly y p |a» ^ JJKMMMMI t WWHHt*’ fit UMful
MtVMXta@Mi vhlflh fcXcwLogjUrta ova ufciUM ftff awe
g»o> fc-f<T studios* i Ks.Ti"ta tmm bttn wuaas-iu.'fcod ’ey top/liter
{i9'>9- 1962) mi follow#; ( l) titnnnlmtn gcs3s.v&Uy sssy |o
eerolaste | s v itro . (2) ttasy aro lMploKI M ill vfcicb esa be used in
e.-tt vliiiiji'; eac inctuirs affectia., svpzxiuct ion* (3) tboy AM MMlX etAQiigh
t o l U w t f f H U n im w tit l i iM lay 1 « t t i um a tr m o f i m U i U M i W
ti.K?y how a cocpBrBtivsly «*** xc. 150 of xwiulitrr-Git* fo r 1 .
t te lr j iw t t i rolative to crt&Mr t l i j j j »
ucSy to bs jpBpc'-'U.'-j. •,as - pfi? ssbnxs So&Lcn ; 1% lot of
five Irzadisti Eis vora f r a botb 0 1 fend X-my
Miff.1 data vers flatoaftsA oa y*n ** nintWil sod I’xtxitmncy of
p-.xtlca-ti.lic n itosis. Boae-;-.x;sp M l putlKBf VMM MMblislie4 MOI
corrolatlcns VMM la Ml attempt to assess tta typa o f taxgst
systsus iavolved.
i.EV3£W Of LlffiSi&yuKE
Previous StixLins of B»n»n l&diAtlonI H l . . .~ 1 1X l im it II I 1Ti I Tm J IB 7w iB ..liiiip H« lii ..,H|» mi.
Irzodiatiun atudUse with yaifa—» culture ±u vitro ham been
thoroudily xevleirtd tv I n c i t e r Mai Bawap (1962). Starly Intensive
at -slieil o f tlrS&iAtlaQ-lttCil cod ryf yullan gexnlBStiiCO WHf
g y a tar a i vaMn h s a i . vba irradiated daaleaatsd of
• m m LiUva species vtth soft X-mys (37 lAftb 30 m)» Tbs
2
djao-suzvivftl curve* dhtained KM a ll obexeotsriaad by ft breed jf r f d n
up to 190 Kr by ft f lp u < H jpm i drop.
Brewfeetosr and Easry (l$>6a) studied the X-iay inedietion effect on
both frofth uadi desiccated Tilnnnleata of Id icpesim *Ht found tbs
dense for the fresh pollen of these species to xno@e free 35 & to
590 Kr. A ll th e ir Ane» survive! curves were chsmcterfaod by t te l r
sidnoidal nature* M& ftino dsHaaasfcretsd ftivt desiccated i ««•> were
twice m saneitlve ft* fresh pollen, in mist oft 90 per cant relative
hiaaMitef. X~xsaf does nnaQM riitteTTi* to <&oae of wbvIoub
pdthNp m pp tMMMI Pnf flu id prifldn e f i m dddMft*MdMtNHMljuneoaj Foiuiuu guajsvs? beXseg Lgj| ted wrier-...; fir? iat ic ua~ -by
iW M ii tM N I d t f l ^ t l l M d ^ i a e n S d a f t t M i i d r i h pfxeeft poUen H fll the four species*
She f ir s t published study of UV-irxadiatioo effect on pollen
1 innlisrtiti<i one snde ter tm ts ie r end Basra (1 962) . fallen mxmiostian
c .•■ait.*- -jp-l ‘-i. \rtorae, B^uxle, iai’letft e«V> * * f i f f - i -rjaatlie see
reduced by 50 per seat with txenteeate of eft. flD m VS&, ID it 106 and
9 « 10° n s V e ^ i respectively.
fb i Of dose-survival curves for fresh pollen of the four species
included In lSMtrttm*s sturtr (iQdv) were i l l esneesntlftL. with the tJ —
values m y p g D m 82 z 10° to 63 s 106 ergs/co?. Mapvmntlsi. Of doss
ssnponss patterns end 0i*j uidal X*sey dens response patto , is character-
lead e n the species studied, despite the diversities of th s ir
ISlI iWIIII) I t TVtttSl
3
She EBohSole# osf i&hibxtloQ ojf p.>llso eeralowfclcci i i n o t kaawn. A
TSV'teti o# xsdis&ioti «■*>'—* Qtt Stosses. dironasaat brack. has m**
HMMAIm snA easyns ijs&cbivot ieo which #ie t te te ln AteWfcteteWI
effects « ooll ijey sted mm lififat an tfeie study. Stt Ate faUcwix*
s m te i attention w ill te conflate to tte effective i w n f i iw i
piittexas and Ate dtfftuwicfi between cf^sotc of W ate Jtefiy
Irfe&il&lOQS*
Ate u ltrav io le t lite te eboosption epectrtai o f Dii& '-tyjyaa trass 2300
A« to JOQQA. Ste is jtteracfeorissod by A strong aboosptiui raBxisa*# i t
• te n t 2600 A. (S lnstelaer 19$5). Tte sbsoxptioa at W mb m* 26oo A.
by xm v«»*» to an te tim In te te t rfti ( te l ls MA virus
itiBctivstioo (Luria, 19!^)» -'H'-' •• K’vyn bntiago in StAten tiibss of
TiaOaacaaMa (Amman 19*0, iSkft, 19*3# i$hk), a te dsficieaey of lo c i
i s pollen o f M ta i (s tsd la r and Uter 15&2). Tte effective dose levels
teMMI HI tSQB 3Mgl CRT • iSV PKI tnWUflMBm (WHHy1WWr#U S e te lit s i■!i t u t i i n M t e jt e .t e ic i --*■ i n f r ie x t t 2$A * -—■---- to ^ ,,— - r> ■ m ■ > an 1 -» ____1HP Vn PjipP ted VIRilRP» 'VP9P :teM|| OT^piMW PpJVHI
pH ryrtiy to tiiy.-iioi diiasr fom itl *n (Deeriog 1962) • JDeorXog d ig ested
tag || a AisBZ* cross TH'te bet* .-tsoji 23IA (tnodfi would block tlx* ?epl Icat lowt
at JXSA* ate JoinSag csf two au,;acoat thyaiueo wi>uUi pi .belly i t t n r t te
pit vx3v liiC -poretlca at sdcscuibos soA cosestueeAly d.tc?y Ate Aims
set^jence tx Ate oewly fonasd telMte I t say* te observed t te t i t e r
foiUEKtioo does not vwsdtly tWAtete Acer ciiD.x .oooas tesAte by UV y ^ jt ,
m m * ° f t t e m ttm li t o f » —pi « M l n t e d i i In <1*1 to 0.H
AMMfMMM boon tionn ante? uoio^ v iscosity onA H rpt.-zv 'sxt.i-. i
(xaviswd tar Alaor 106i . loco anl ig f l) .
MM w*v) uecwoaoe a l t e r ir ra d ia tio n V tth X -rays a t
WO WSt* Sftxjp in vloocslty €$2pcai'od t o bo dm to iaad)a~c*ju.ir. acisaioei,,
p*‘jdiiccd in ln q p p u t by tb s fMW wAlonllo fo m d tn AIM votov*
lirdbca on :; f>v«<n o f •• y» AotAAo-obsnndod iresft- uuicc-js too
z’ooefcivo ezkl join wi.tii Eujofcfcssx biobBQ cxxi to n totooOlisK#
I'OXfLlOttOtt Of Olldl b CX’U.OtiLlZOQ OOUlJLtl U© ObOOi*VO(.L "v/.L*t>lZ oJ-OCTi/ZXSZ
$3dLO3P0flocjpo • ,m tbo ^ a tOo oz o <* sad o OOWX2 OSCMiSOd to>7 “- •; ' : » ' i -? ' ". ; r .*, ' . ‘ ’• "■". ■“ - ■ • •. • ■."" 't‘‘- ' -" .'*Ti;''2f ■" _ ' £ y * ■■ ’ ‘ * • ’.
poxtxcidoCj crossiizMzo vowc piicveH&oA tod Po^itidcitiwx) o f MM Bd/scuhoo
\fQ XX3 ObOOi Qd • XZX »3G 86)009000 &t ^ ZtfFVvOdi p
axt 2SIA vuo cciavm’ted a t Id juoofc ttoQoa •■.r\trO n 06l (arvSci'od by iUaccj, cad
Aicjsaador (1961).
f:~r> ;'xt.a.'3ixi; e ffec t o f jj**’wy iyzad Latioei on MM In tfeM tlMMM pi'
in tac t aai.szlo* ztifc and -uuBOp usfi mvtflMiA by Ozti 0O& AtOOlMtt ( l96l}«
bvidoaeo wac- ootai. iiso od tiiBu £iffco:f Gxpocnizne t&ere io m .jU sf t IWA Itt
tibs a;-.clo.V acid content or tiaU M i with HM beiati ossxjCuXiliy afTectod.
A onJooMOT o f ttB Antt w vientxi by jzkI not Utockca hin 'm-t-sA ofen
e ffe c tiv e .' --ray close le v e l \,oo witM n 1000 sw Cbsay aixl . b i’ic le (196^)
IwAlotnfl young bnrloy nMayoo with x-nayn o f <M9 n anA ddnom A n
y.v:G;UlaBX dcpzeoalon of I0 i c-uotcsocb to 7*33/i> vhlcli was tZxx*jti(t d’sn to Mn
AnlOf Of MM cyrsUnoUl In tile usvait^ilA,; o bxyo« i*,Xto {.ilJicnA Of basso
wrs aXsc ;A-8Qrve6. vltb tl^'dao bolsig r*tntT[y dspixjoocsi.
5
&vn '1 /(T totoKv ItaftiuMtfl by UY ftnA t- t ty Tyr»W" ,ma
Roller (19^3); Wftm tli that ft done oft ft ftew tettftaafl rxjentaona*tfftft«a^ft» ft* ftftflt fltaft ftftftftoM Mfttgog*
- ^ r # P i S f t S t f W w - ’rf- W *■ ' IP ^ mm m>pi|p JIII.K UILUP ■ II.IW W ' * w m n r
(p.: vi! »-•- i g tB ia d iv is io n ) xofttiSiftMl ftft <t iPn>m*Pr,a^ fxtiipaEifc®
ftCfttailft Bff;y»Ty'nM - ’-ISaDV# WftB ft *fe?» H''lefg|fr CQaF2ft&H&Lo& Ifitck
<jjf y ^ lnn ftyyn^ip f rjf Qgjd pi^aeOOft o f t%T,***,tirlfaf t -
PSPioe ( 19 1,7 ) t n l M i ygpf.ai:y ^ l i l y v i t «5 X-ftftgr
tU'xi jtsooxfioift poH01.1-t.ujc u.vjslij- M£tx..sia i'&x'oly efcosx’Vftd ftft
ftMftlMNfti |feev« SSI Sr. WSftftSemeft fttftft f t p * «Mft i f H i.
*wlJj$6Si8ft ftft fteUftBHlMftft cixvxiCftOBftft oft aBfctQQ<2W4;ifi| ftftpft couliictfid ly
fluftnftoft ftftl h is acm&mm (WkO, S te , H l i 3 # K M i f e f t s poU*m
ftpftfifftftift jto 2SfSSt sfHfSMhfii i f IV SftMpi ftS ftftftfftSftift ftftftpfti
indueoA fty H i o v i Xxftftftft ftpre . i„vxix*vKaft ft m ft % fKWffff p o l la n m
ftftftft ftft ocfci'vis.ly • ijwan& i ( ] ^ 3) owogaotod ftftft Ifcftu# ftftft ft
SiftSftftftfeiftft 8©nsit3.vS.tiy eft ftpftftftift jonoiy'lii ilwi ftl&BMOftgftiBft ftft
fto i f ftftlt 1.--..10 'Ll'COdlaiblaB®- ftMHMftft (l9>';0) l&OlaftkftA
•V vfc | f t X~Tfty ftftS c .giX-- od# ift0ftl88P08ft|ftft ftftft E i gsie • . .v;" .. -?'.'■ ' '.,?- v ‘ ■• ■ '.'.’y 'fi '• /.’ jiiLj ~'j ■■ ” '■'■ .. i.: i . V ,.;• ,f"_ .'•'> v ■ £• '•••-: ' / •'•- i ;... -V- v " - -r.
dbftftSoftd jftftfti i f t**ft6Sftldft8e
{Vtacliss tM ebxtxioooraBl bxanftfti In poUen-liubfli HEftf t ff ftftW
ftft lia^Vfbalser and Sbery (196S)> ct ecf t i f t f cM/ A^. ' &fcl d IftOifcft i f t S'ftft dftbMMt ft f ■ MftMKMli ftft a f t i&EUMk ftftfti il_ jelj im jiJlfcftw»SO W | I M w 00 Pur M Mf# w i%lH3PlMKh
6
biQdsi VQ19 nn -rtfflrti-Twly dlotxibu&od v ith uv of x*i*y rfw -
Lovolnoo (195*») dononotxoted t t r t with » dooe of X m 20 m m /m of
Of 0690* A* given to yr a a e ^ itia paUaa-tube afcraooocmo, 8$*# of U90
coXXo vow 88881 with '*?*'ifp*j t yr “ ohraoaoonio or tbs iLooflliMd
nultiplfi fmgiasstotioa of etHraaooaw ptrti< Slsiilnr rooultfl wow
obtained by b a i l e y (1000
%ne£&iette offhoto of X—tvtii ond Of on ohrftiwitfflWl
1 % worn dbeervnLlc only t OB the of ti iiwiti uiiti m with
X-xoy irsodiotian fallowd by Uf irxodlntlco, Ownonn (1^ ) . f t oeomo
g f Jxn^Uofclaa naight; ciiiiia&t® tin yotiffltltlil NMhOttlSB Of
obronooono xvotitutian fWthor ontoeoco the miulfi of d tra o n o ibreaks. Xt is *>«•«»■***><■ then the X*«w irro&intiaei g u tlv OhmmA p o
Kiywiia« Md portly iaiuceti ieaicos in chJxxxiOcaeLl «nfcsi;c tbtn- V - ;iT'V ’f * - .. " ‘v ■ - %t. '®:' •--'■•' 3-..->• ’ :':-'.r'.-'.''." --"if?'""■'- ~- ’"' '“,■.. ■- ’■'■• >, "' •'»a»o*mei mmrwulbln to tin ©fleet of Of irndintinii* Hbhowjp# ©*—*^p*
flyaoxgioUc offset* wow nloo oboorwd, for both pm* ood poot-
tw otm nta with Of ircodlstlon, Kliby-Smith, oh ol. ( i960, 1963). Both
pro- ond pool troot— to o t oaqpwuwo of 0,8 m m /m m m dboorvod
uitii olxjrratiijn frequencies op to fiw* tinoo th i MO i f thoflO oboorvoi for i.imvs —w> yv eiven ©Lam VMM found.•POMP * » wop|yw r ^ m m m “ ▼ WOOHMRW M H P8 R M w m w w
frfy> effect of X-xey irxndiot 1 :jo on tin M m m I onhrix any ho
n in lm tt f h r wsux*o « A (i960), OB fin is ihbo oast tips* A
cjticlvded 8888 ttaem worn thioo atoionftMo iaraloA in ataranwwi
M tatoi—i 1 11 mjoininz in d en aM t on m M oU oi nod tte
production of AST, (8) ohw lssl bondn forwd whoa th i tW N rejoining
wore strong covnlnat hoods, o.g. thooe oooootot ofl with (M++ (000
8MM8RfM8li0S 'I f f 8RPfP(^fMf8 ■ ~::4MRil
( |) nmlMPf PMMMMf 88 flMHMMHHf 8iP MfMMfeMK 88M8 1MI SWMtal
6ya.t*&?sSi5 inhiiblvoisj chlo::tu pbo'Alouil Of iWHBoeycla pxactul(£*i2 r
SMMMlMf 888PMMpfc'' ■ ®8 8 1M8' fP f lfP 98818888 tp 888)88? 888 ;88I8P '
888fl88i8t 88l888|85f8;9l8N888i8ah(B0E38#fclfill ytelds So X*3C0y lasB&iatoA ta t MM ftft W SXM&IOMA |y i rw?
Of' IT#- Sag H . m * _ -A fc . M , ,mm M W M M V M M RM HHIM . Offff OMOWMM** l^pu*
088898888 88 8888888 8t 89888 888889b 8898 88989* 8*8898 98 898 9889P' brwv)} 2jB*s,e jjruan xadisti<n cffbeto Oft Mb qgt?1"-: y< tjsjf iia: ®(3® to fcift,
M fffp u 1" ' ooi& tfsXl* utOi tr#« BBil'fcjp-Le tsuQEybQe Xt M f
to fcijtod t-is&t the i3pde39§ of indaMM of A s tifle X M f qLtitsfcuBi I# MOflk
-•-■'cii teaa that of * M f i l i «8888l*
SM^MWdWI Of <2J,viijiuti by t f * nw^ -8 g | go* *2uQC> A* 9m
2X>iu*xX)l£io6# Of g3®cnlicppoi' (Gioca 19^7) * IbTi‘£>ctivt> 8qm 999888 tOWO
n n In th e M P o f I B P
2.5 t 30$ fOf 000Von MsM m (P A ) wpurtoi P H I» Ilf t o n a t 585 « b ^ m * 85971*
yjUMl f JJCiX’ 0Mf flf ^ OOJLUl Of ftjhidStCtJS il ayfc-B -Iflfe. r- . OOd
inhibitoc co il division- 8 Odsversico i’roa »«*, pcpuSA&ion 80 I t t
le th a l QiXhrfiSi i.'sa resulted. 990 ©qulvBlcstt resu lt u'-julxl retgulM n
X-rey of t2P000 t» fOMA Mft (1961) 99891 tint vtant
inodioftwa with 608 So o f Co gace© npo vould stop (Aft division
9888988 UrtaSfting fl[l8t1,lwri mmft ruiWn irtQ ucvolup £jati» ItaJOtMtil 9Q&
Bsofilsy (ld ^ ) tiwt the inhibition of In irwit
8(p8 8 f « B » opecloo of Prifrj^it §88 888 8888988 89 8o888t 8Hft 8881888
8818888881888888 8 8 (sp 8 (i H(e 98881 888' 88 8881(8888888 f '8888888 : -5
8888811888 818888 80ti8P9Ni8V 888M8888V8§ 8888(88 8888888 888 98891dlSOCbly ”).T'Cg?0jPtiG®£Jl to oult.l xLcQ Of tiJQ
i®tle vith >ilcroox^mlsaQ *
«f 0088*0 «A
(898888 tu f tiiilil; jb dilufci. sad ia tbs
(ivitax)
InwlistKlcEi 8s Xlviac
08 tenet ivot Acs* of dilSSdlStod
A opotoaofcio jBFvSew o f 888 nWHnosnwlt 1 ~t'i
|8 > lt 'J <88 M ***> woo mAo l«r God ood
Of tholT oubota Sites. OOOtKlft purified
898 8B99 099888489 89 dOMAANdcA
M IM ( M l 88(88 (9 MN898M98 4 f 88
a m )
o difA88888 8 t 988HMMN8 8 f 88988
ciHfgj t>pt. pudflod 8 icch ji
I tSOAO yield o f 3U8 8899099 OOfeOlOOB
88189 * 8 * » fl* ft 8 f A flf 89M1*
H i t i le HM889 «8 «8P8»»
•99 0 8 8 8 sort Iwetimted, by 8
&OQC of JJQ Ob ii'JUOVXJI'.i £K> SVBiiSbie
of fli onoyiaeo Ja vivo.
Bxenftt o t e l . (1951) tcwaft tfcet u lta v ia ie t m ditttton inhibited
edejptlve foKSrtiao of gBlscbusyBsee ltt fleQeherrtrTy*%'iFr- coreviaius* A
Aoee o f 3«6 s io6 exgfl/cia completely IriiH ttfil a f the
easvsa*. huh bad u t t i * *»>#>><■* «* ■»«»■. X~ra,v lr ra d lit iiii
gjf 4flgo j* not forsaBtioii of jj ll hut csueed 90 per
*y«t ryf ^11 division- AsSuCjLttted V itt p articu lar
fcuflyj 8w®Jft0Q (1 ^ 0 / foiiflw 1/*X5 mi SCvioii fpHRpRMK BWPWWWi
isti^jjbl'bjr^i of gBJLsetio^y .£u>o e,. -pi^teiy oolooiAod y |th Vtm
apectrua a f nucleic acid-
axmhtiww e t e l. (1957) assayed the eneyiratltr ac tiv ities in viva
of intact 9H it cells foillxriiK <w*<«ing xedistlon f n e Beapse1 etPiPiePlOiee^er * j ^ ipppppf v .pppppppppppp 1 ^ nP aBHPHPveupp Be 1 spBppppppk* vp e 1 ▼
concluifid th a t Achy!! •■. j peoMMI end ccensyae^A wtee itfw sensitive
then iiswwteee.
?hfynf> atudies suggest th a t the gf* fHisy « synthesis t i+ < ,- ■: -V.VC ■ ■ ■ . ' ■ : ' -,~ ■ • ••; .
rao a irpo/ta&t ltt the bactericidal tffth lit of xsdltttion tfetttt
Ixttetivatloejs of tettyoe ssjIgcuIcs already present itt the coUi>
Mafceri&lo:1 ■ ■ •_■ j s ; < 1 •■ •: -
.-fat, oe pollttB g»Bloe f tPflHi species aeoiesetitiaj two AfWPf ffft
a.;; , .■fj-.jona fttalUea (ittlnee tt *1 14Hnoeee) vent chosen for tide
experiamfc. AH plants were available ee the osspus of the Ih iv tn lty
of Sesttil or in lte vlolaity* B ute choice w e by the long
i f f the fluwerii^ p erio d , prnfnne growth of th e ir ttBflttMtt ltt
aa&is, and Ate teift j*arfc ~ '^ if l r t lf i of Ate g m n td v i
atetete Ay Ate
mto£ i
pQUUai At fXH «■»«» tw i & <wtwi BSUWf.flrouraMiftiM FSiiGS8B*OB8 AM AVKi AGS 09* 2D .000 C IEfc}.
& t e o t e ®
t e w g t e
p e r c e n t
M t e
c U - . e u a i . 4 1 3
t e t e t e i
■ w m m
f o l u B B O f
m i d e u e
t e f l
A l o e
a u . A X o e 9 1 . 3 5 6 8 3 . 7 8 0 *
A ^ o ®
n f i f ^ g r , P i n
A t e 9 3 . 0 t e T s a t e
A t e ® m m 3U . A t e ® 9 * 5 * 5 t 3 3 0 *
C o c o a
A t a t f * C o c o n u t t e a »
1 6 6 9 * *
* 3 t e 0 B h 2 ? % Z l l t i C *
i l i c b o i V "
S i C i i i l l i i l U - -
p e l a 9 3 a ^ 3 * 3 7 1 6 3 0 2 * *
teAIteAte® te te cb Ate te ste of fonaute Ate VQlxaae of ®AMHteMte' 'teAtesSlflO n d s act Ate AMtte of foxwulM for yq&xob of ® M®Mte teMteAA*; vr
Pollen f a te M te
Mted of Ate X**iy Irad tetion dm #fwt vlAh • C te f A-any unit
(Gtesa@yftl SUNtete M&xi'troa 2.000) ®A Qumo*o BofylAS'l.j Bonolittef
teMMA. Ate te te ite te te te® te te te • AteteMS® of 11 oeoAlswtevs fSco* tuxi t rh^f A® Ate poXlou £&, p’la vlthout f i l te r ®A S x®to of te* SO>000 T
u
oer minute. When doaaissa >■***»» 900 & vars AMln&> i■•" • :-T • , “ r 1 . - . - ^
850 M dlitA x»av T ^ * t t mm used a t (tuMn't &»tltel> te a >*«>>»»»
« • qteta ted a t 100 kVp, 80 A , with 0.85 aa Aioaiaua f ilte r . tea
m m m m vae dona a t a dlatanne of 35 on froa tea anode witb a doaa
sate of 7SD0 r/aia.
An elgtat watt jaiwtofdtt iM f ( t e a a l fiM trte 0885) «aa uaed for
tea mmm of u ltn rlo lc t lOtetefcte* *"**87 eattted mm to
deliver fjU djH d erga/es^/ola. a t a dlatenoa of 9*5 oeoblmtere froa
HQ aurftee of tea jiiptoHMNi to tee eurfaoe of Mdjte l caBjj Ui. Energy
froa th is t e e vee ^^pwrtrt fted la tea BL8537 teed.
te llea MOteO t 888 collected la gelatin capsules te r x-ray
f m il t etHir** fffd fra te were apraad oa a sowar < . laao a<
la a wndlaoar v itb tea aid of a aaall* aoft brute te r ultraviolet
irradieticm.
After tea iximl 1st i.ja trootciexitQ,, pollen j r -itiFiM were 88WQ
iagadJttter la a 0.8 e l d rat of eu ltun M ite oa a «*~nwr aliap W p IP W P ^ ^ P ^ rP U I^m rn W *W » I WPF » | P ’ 'W .P P PFPPB«1PpW.W pBP|P PIF^PWBIWP WFBPFMtBr
(BreWbaker and Kimck 1963). A «*»**»» «wT».ii*fc4<-w> of 001x2 »•>*« 200 «pvttp»■ p F P P P P W ^ ^ iB iP Pp^ ^PPPp p ^ ^W B WOBSWaPIVppP jlP PP flr^HPMIPBPP
ftedpi mm date par drop* Veer drop* ®® a 08888 0988 provided tear
repiicetiaao for seete txteteent* t e w ware e l l te a p e trl *<ah
Heed vitb aoleteeed 888880 paper*
aMOaai teteaw aad laamirliYr MteMteMi.iSjr.r.xTr.7rpfsT.,r.il?..-i sas~»jL»ipii-jap*-»tpa.pM Aprs.tee culture w liua eoosieted of 10i sucrose • 200 mm boric eoid
end 900 ppa ce(x>3)ft‘*%p, ax> mm ted H i mm n a . su e
fonaulefclaa, a b ite dBteteO PI8B8P888881 solution, baa a p-i of 6«t $
32
mA 1ft Mg^gjgj guyxfcly fzxxst of MMMW OftA SftHfe ( ^ 63),
SttUflB MSB cuLtuixxi Aft ft saofstuxo OfeMribOT ftft toopoxstuzo
(82° *• 25° C) for over flt bourn.
( f t j f t l rr> OCOlW.1 lift tilO o f tQD CliifeiiZa p e r io d .
ftcAlftft ftWfftft D m C-jasMoroCL ftft i \dXXtSCWT tdX i p jJJtw ftftfts
CLXxxxlui. t , .o &fa;.*2fcer O f fc jft ftftlft ftftlft O f tftft poX lfiti g - A v s h q m
tofts toftsoA on four MP&&MA&GBO* ftftl S8 ips-in# cop ftftlft whpb oounftoft pur
leplluGfciflft f l t ft f t rwry*.-» • £ ;x ft Aft ti*2 ETtC3K>SOOpiC I’l S l i l » 111 SlSltftriSlng
Aftft ftp — ■ . jOitslzcs&ioQ vo£iC,'hx_jQ 'nxuxi caiculaKft Ml pejpocaa&QQaft o f tbo
iv.iT/.xiCiiXvc for «x^erii.iaoft to olHinrtipp'*'’ ”*s tisc itsaiU.'ts for
S'fy? rxltotic division of tfeft ftQQftxfttAvft oaaoteu#* oft *ftscaotl
iiitsoolftp ” ftftft osami 9b iftftftft o ftsr p o l i o n se w in g t y c fc so sv in ft tftft
or M tftlM k O roU ii ft iM m of five posts of «tt|A o lsftft (9%)
vtt& two part® of ao^G-carEslisI tioo fouaol to be oouioitictosy* Aft
r.suiy ui't-.Tui'.: diiiisioQfi wcic oecc.o& os uoosibis f3ras& ©sacli yo§>3JLe6tjLc*i of
paHeii culture end suassaxl^oo in gf p ereen tS Q S O f ccxibrol.
p T f . r , g i j y y ^ « t ) i s o f l j i s f t f t f t f t p f r 1 0 S B 3 9 t x a a s f o ^ ’ c o c l t o a s b u i s J L
pH* pUmQu wg&iiAPv ftflV llwlil>Wi 9 BVH1 MPp* wUlw
■:nfcM<tv>A go t te b&sis oi 'i3U2$3t?t taeoiy a£Ki fittftA to t f t foUflVftg
ftftrtJAftA fft f AABAH0 AftHlAiBA Aft MMMRA
M f t t
lag 8i • log a - it
SA stands fox tb s su rv iv a l fra c tio n o f a popu lattoa ix x sd latsd w ith
• doe© X la nstnosbioa 8 0 tbs survival of t is controli k la
specific constant fair a ffHsMpit v tt« i^ < ^ systeon <a*<a »•« ^e
obtain©! by calculating tba xsgxeasioo coefficient **** obtaining *****
atqpn of tbs survival cuiw . m* «|nAy» ®f targets ox sensitive sites
a a ; t p x e s e a & x i b y £ b a b y t b s e q u a t i o n :
lag n - y ♦ kS
«yw by o:ic.;up >lnti.oci o f t *¥f * <«« f i t t e d bo tb s w n srlj liases* p o rtio n o f
fn r vlvtl curves m a ssni<*lc$9e?itl)aic ye®©x* FaHoviiig £aa (1968) j
fflsao letf xii doses fox say ywfft assyones curves axa ssspxaacsed la tbs
la D • *1, or Jfr survival doee (« U^>). Sa c o tM l, asaa letbslb ia a i fo r s k s n ib d n so o u ss curves ■«* possessed, a s »■©— ia 1ia s fox w-- SB©-, .
50^ survival. ; ’■-
ISSUX2S 01’ OiSrAVlOLtil* I8$Mi|A$lQS85
PoUsx: of UPfPtT* ©mbgIqo asas inndisted v ith ilbf***! **1 nt ^ fjMr f e w r i w o 4 < * i w a t 2 W A . J . a n d j a w * f a x t b s b a S b d U b s b a s a x M l x w f a B l a
Ciiltu-'.’S Efidia. GexmiasMsQ abb HMHl’T’affi SMS bbs ability of tbs jpollen
gr&ln to produce a ip» h qt>~ oflri 1 n |T tbs dlaaabsx Of bbs grain-
p*' jgivnnfvn increase la UV tl <000 lyHi bo progressive reduction of tbbs
loiXjttiS tod proportion Of fff?*>*,**)<M*-1 pollea SMS OSteA by previous
authors (Eapiritu 1963, and anaay ®*te on tefe®
afuyug n
ajiiBHiate f PAA OP teBgg&B yateWMPtte Of~-~f 3B8I3S3& MiEES lj$55'A.VlC>lE?E
arg.taw
t e1:
12.-& 2fr.$J0
s a
j a r
100ii#n
w.o
- j i l t1
m
22.99*6;«*f
^*2* 2
1A M£S23.2
t eM
1.032*07
5 0 ?6.22f«S 6a SK te
300
? * J3E?Ii6itBBt t tetlte tte tte tetetetel tetet tetei te tetetetete te®®Ai®tfa®® os®
pxcscitfcod '., i IteLls tee Of "t$B3
mm* Ate® cO te ris . I® hwBplnlA
X» 2 , ®a& 2 te tetetete*
te8EXS3StiT4$ iT* % !3®CSJC,tei! i3 l. 4 w *-1- tu H 1IM MM* TrCJt
(see ffM fr l)* A (Ttmftflj
2®®M®®lsg 8? dose# ®3
ft <-.n- w-vVia
tttt® te t'iKj •hp.h'itf fi i ifti rl tjwI
i
Ap
« fO® Ami
Al l
plntmm i t %mm Aon® loAteatlvo or
no® oocur (teble II) v ith tha
15
esicejytieii of coconuftf ttft uosjqg for 90JJ M-Hl taupa eaceedlOGly
iiit-ii, s s aoAaA Alio i f p.»T vi-•>■ •■■-..., xwigiBg above MP nmUcn mH r^ y |§ oofeeA tlftA ftcNNNI by ft i&ctios? o f 100 o r IxXX) ttw
Asftfti t© 9Q;Ji Jb b ac to x lfij TTflllf1 (MA vSjTUBGO ( ilo lle ©ad.
BaHmwaor 1955, Bomm m i* & » *• 1955).
m
saiiiasro si of* sukusri* taaBBWff |?osi u£^ahc3sej »£mdia3$i)POSULEBI (Figure l ) , ESF$»38I<S Q& X (LOG 6U£YXWJ*)} /uS3 a
XMJHB ARE BASED Oil ZUM'I-1ITT HFStSASj & jugs* l EOftldCUlASS) Ofi
e v i t i a ' f e l a iJ S ^ t eI r t V f t W MJ P i F “ a ^ j S
' _ S &
C -
i A j f t
........p f l ^ H n X - . 1 2 9 6 - . 0 3 2 7 X 3 M 1 . 1 ^ . 8 3 6 1 . 0 3 1 3 1 . 0 0 0 2
’ - -' nfc. 7 ' ;.
7 - < *
A l o e
s c m a o & r & a X - . 0 8 0 8 - . 0 3 9 6 5 1 3 3 . # x * 0 9 t t * w r . 0 3 ^ 0 0 1 8 5 - 7 *
C o c o ©
X - . 3 1 7 V . 1 9 * » 6 * 7 1 . 3 7 1 . O 9 0 B . I M 6 5 + A Q 9 6 6 . 6 >
S c a S l K j r l v*
■ » ■ ! » » « wr j W H B I p i l w i l m— m
x ~ . * 6 n - . o a s e s 2 1 . 2 . 6 3 ^ . 1 1 0 9 . 0 3 1 2 ^ . 0 0 3 7 U . »
f3y* . ybmt.j.rg) pgjcmtsgM WHCft uMA to SftgaftMfAft
ftjftOtAftAI (ttfhlft T^f) for the a:.pi©0alaci of done-survival ~ ’ )jitrirar>g,h|prj
tooed co t te raulti-taacset fnrmilro of (1953)*
2be HS[j AoiftS (37v> survival dost) coloulKtod ltt ^ y n Torlnfl
t m 5*7 a Jo** «ftgs for £. n ^ isp m to & .k a id5 «xb» M r a. clliarts.
mproaonfctnc a difference at mm tfcan four-fold. She do—
refloat**! adioaensitivtt Lco to Of m ediation, and were in the
i M N H A. cO iarle, it. aggegttrfa, J . M t t t t « * £*
oueifbra.
Ste regreeelm curves relaylag lag survival (ardlaste) to doee la
mill loo esca/cs# baaed on the equation obtained were plotted an
scsi-lae paper (Figure l ) . d ll four doee-survival curves were
Figure 1. Ultraviolet doee-ruzvlvml curves at pollen tvam*• s t i t e ie t* - s a s s ^ s . I* gwHa»s& « *C. cuclflem.
XT
Mwi floto anrrtm l ourini to tbs "fmpiflt i11 ataoweft
ioftreeptioa raascoebly cloee to WQ$ survival (ftp s* X). ft*
lc^rlt& alc values of iTftftTTIipt tfffi f" 1"** are <ninn 'slsti as
Im p l smtmm, InhmmI on target theory of La* (X9&) and !ti»t*ai (1953)*
wal ftrg©t MhT"jl'f"ffff VOX’S dSTl.V6d the B URtlQD:tsm i a t 4 IrO n a la w la fc d l tB S Z a t nmabeT* u o tn i h f c w f t a n rtl nSBI t o
“ »4- m um . *•*» 4- «we«eda» *•«»» £• ssaasa- **W» «■»ucartim rlt 0.63. ft* deviation of the target wm*m §m C. auciftra fY— uf^ sta tistica lly »*gHw< **«»»«» j ,tmy arise o»iy as a
seosagsanaa of <1 oxn f t say be poioted «fr#
dii'iexGxices of (1 js®0 fbpfl oi‘ k values existed. a.,. . j. the thro©:' % . : Wm. ;' ‘-'"2 X 7~’ ~ v-r■•'i p 1rn ^ afpGcias, but l i t t l e or so dlfj^woco between the 4|4yif><<i
and tint baxaploid AJggjfe tpailas usad is m»4« stttiy» the -
target stewistics iijdicatcxl that i»iy single tfeigit systeraii existed Is
tfeMB MUM flMMMVe tftMMMHft IMMMMI MttftSS adf ts tt*
survival 1 ‘TmritUr oaa 1ms expressed ftp >1 ngU #—tyyfpt- statistics*
according to KMfisXX (l9i>3) ,» sad sm pwsmto l is yyy f^y
ooBgariscc vith aa ftl target rtr tK IU i. f t th is ossa* the k value Ist h e sX oH i a t t h e aemnMHSklSl IMIPHI. S i s l s a s •wawim nairt Im m r
aM aitivilu’ to iTJ'aci.iatiQGi.. f t s m safts pxooesxti&x i& *Ekt>ic XXX XodXcate
4*b*. 0„ auciiexs Is t ta m fft gpsolss the four *****
y m th’roo xmm&mA spscieo saasat to Save expjtioBxtSaj ftiirrw vtxicli
lit a ll Oauar flMfiiflli mtwmtm tftmet rnrnm/kmmm mmm |a bfi involved IB
th a ia h ib i t ic a o f j Q'wsffi sfttC an aaoss e x i s t f t
tholx • a t a o tiw voiujDu (*sibio X), S t OignlftCOOt ©GOTSdafcSflB
was I’cxiisS botvooQ vqUum of ueooxstive 3.963)
dCGitjoo . iofiioseaaitivities- A. aap.:?¥*r3Aj SMjl S SSMWSMBS m cltm
oolM* < £ 9 fesi» $ * 4 M llir tlM |^ iwfcffeMf«M -.
stttt* « » s s M p i i i « a i i m l* s u m * - Mm MmM# c*M tliM fcin Kill m -a jujl-l.-l'i tS- 4 j-rf /tQ — ^ ^%ii mm itr & W sL M m jjl-jaji _njf* -*-*__wim » k*&UC: ~MZ£im Wnmlilr UB / I Uia> W «5f »SX>UV IlfJI W Mini w waiv
is ;SHS; W U'M SI SMM t s fM M M t s s $»
Of poxtlouhur in fenM t woo th e iSot bo th a * ■
MMMMfc Mfjl sM M M M -M M SM S
M g^tA C .c 'iiaorvBitiQC - ■ ' '03t.o t i33.t t#ia uursbcx’ of* e csoqkoo in Hkxs&o
0&S2o OfM OppoOoMO o f MfiUU&i ;isy lawo flf .ik jtliing to i t) v i th
the tc : c t iucsbcr* Hettbez* doo9 th e difference} Sn feo OftOO o f Jx>Xio3».
acx5ii tr.; soci.jynt fo r tb s differeeaon S t saH .oeeasi'tiv itv Of ffi^*IIB' opecioc
" ^ \ ' ; . ‘ . y*. 3 * j ' j j t ^ r ‘* * ~ ^ o_*-.-; . v* l , v -,>•.»'■ 1. .. <<t?’..'V-<-i ' - :_/V-,.,". ’; i— ' «•■•*.' -*«X; '* »'»* . •** *'" •' ' >:V~*
otoSM F A* e i l la r io l a ®tl OWfco* Of OMlHbOWSSolA $ 0 OOOiShfeJo* HfrT
o&oe ,ji aut- ooXyploitiv? cxoo say e ^ o c t I t s ouribor So bo
t p a n l n i to the ai/$»lo ''f -n+Acw} o f th e tcu y e t SHNftjO? Of O
d ip lo id which th e coraaoo j^siorae* On th e othMF Msfgi I f lU o *
ploJxly- in th e c&ee rgy uagr fh*3. aiffei'ojjfcJBl so o s iU v itlM So
19
m fcA te Curves t e r b 'lti ev io ie t - IrrodJLato& Pji2J.cn
1*01104 tube tilto e ls was observed to take f * 19 Isoun e f te r
yAlfft wifl flfim on cultusc Abe lyilim i studied vere eeJecte4
t e f M | -MbAMbr* - dll
90 * OMt tube »<*«*<■ fertrfe dIaoo «tth<n 7 • 12 hours a.ffcar the t TV**
DM oty*v <1* f^.T1'**'"**!^! o f tb e pssk 4# tiM n i ta t ic a c tiv ity MU
faur^l to t^T.-^lv aft M m Ih. m*A1m* an*. fnA iRMOX&buxe* A
83»<toni309d o lto tlc CQrrtoolfl lcparfeeat for i t serves 00 A unique
>r<inn ^ o-j'jjxjss tije affect® of J^xcdiotiari eb Hw 991111 xvt laf nucleus*
Prlmitf e t1*afciaa was given to th e to ta l degree of saitcftle
r»h 1'l lhim by go Wfl inpfeirtn MUi OSd* Of divi*iCD A*)*?
Mj ii jeeovo...;/ : ;onhaais jC} ouicli csaaed fee tiiltm i vi.Hk MM HM
. * n » ***«*••»» ■ mammm* iipmi MiMililrt ifciMiMifc*;;.;P -iHf.g e >*L-i<3*. 'Mr M l te r tear mviytfv i n presented Hi
Sftble r r , pago 99.A ****** ** Moot 6.000 a d H te n eeaeed te r ■**<*<» teesuenoar
(w k u n ) . Beletlvelar tm ce lls cauM. fee iconA act 1M do m do# toV - W * * V w i r f "CUV M p ^HPAPP ^ P P P » P a ’ ** >p ' “ ., ■ i p j n —. • — .1 1 ■ " ■ "•■** w
the Xm germntege «* M Bm ourriMl. Fisn—intue at nttosla Hi the
MMnMM AM teviM lli iNItt ^***A tftMfc***£• c^ io rio 57.89$A. —pccario 52.06^
; AflMIMKMMk AAeABp£• »aci t e » 85*09$
- IM m M M k e f M IM ii dMM o f MMMMft 9 M M AMPPM* W N P JppWVWiWVPPWIP^^Piep^WP VIPW ipiPiWWIlSVVIiWlf
questIra a id * fee eafcsA vtetbor sdtotle octivlty flopMnte cn palLea
m
r - . -1.
■MMMj jy
.Afatfk .a*. 'JHfc .' . j|k-_.«—ilfc"18* - r<*b> iffSean la 10® « s»
ttaA n of ssudsi dlvMad /*>■ ' %
Total nuclei 3CO t3& In nw H »--r»n*• ..... J .... - ....... *
... 238/271 - M 0 P / 233/300 0 0 97/ m "O1,6k - Ml ' «M» ■ m p mm , .' :
j ■ _ ._\ ■ .1,96 - ~ 92/151 «** - :a a
8*8? mm -:- - 'iip m /» i f t /u o ’1 -• '-6
3*11 - 139/858 18/110 0 13/75
A .is 4» AM Pin . . HUM 8 38/81 '. I' ’’ .
1 9 ;■■ «M* - **■ fia/Ws • -
6*88 a « * 116/221 0 m .; £ ■ ‘.-- - -Jj*
" -'■ * ■
7*86 tfHft - ’- *M* 7 /n a 4M»
M l 4M» 4M» w m mm ' •■" '7.1. ■1*33 - - " C «»» 9 /m mm - ' -V-.
18*A$ 87/186 a ife B k i/js r mm mm■ ?'7"
ia.6? 155A95 4p» mm mm mm v.‘ •' 5•..- 41:. --v• '•":' ' -,:V,
flA*9> 89/58 ■ 0 * 38/77 mm mm • *1 >*'•£& O'* ’_- • • . • .-;:--■ . _.■ 4 : »•
SUlft H IM mm - -6e.aA A/aa s /a i - •Ml
93*36 5/38 3iM - “ ■ ■ «m»■\-/ - ■ v ' ’.
1 • A. oU lario.» * I- ^ 2 ^ g £ -
3 1 I* £S£K*fe£i-* : c. aw i a ft*hucUcq ?.q»
. ill | '
81
g e x ^ l S B b l O B i O f l P n o t ; . | f t w i o p r c c o u o o o b s o < j f a a o l i
cTtlser, oaa ]g§ prcooirbeA ata "Btfcoola la paxtsacftB08 98 ft
t n a & A 0 0 t b a % a l M A * f r f ^ f r 0 8 p o f t X a a g m l a s * * o k B O B a H i a r f y ^ $ 1 8 8 b a
jpxjooocea SP6 rartuxJJ v dcsxi.xsjep&7 *fV> iait<ot»ic u&to ■• tr: « .0 xMnsflMitod_.;. .. • -.: - :■* " - - , %" •, %r. '•>,,, M /' ’ ’ •- , -
p O u L 2 <6 B i * * i t f i i c i & t t e r G G Q C f j K £ 0 0 0 0 l S i l O t l t h Z A t t l l o o o p o U U 0 8 1 l i E i & f c X c t o
^ n i i a a t o a l s o g j g ^ t m c u i ] ^ X c N M 8 1 B j j C e d a c i t y f o f
* 3 a o l u t a t l c t o t j ^ u e o o X a B 1 8 W J t h o r o f o w i p i a n Q B M i 8 f t t i a a B e © w n y a
;,:jontio£3ocl In f« An*a> ix itoo ls I s 800MI Of %dfcaA p o llen
f S B d M B 8 H d b t B t o c d , ( g f s u X t . i p 3 ^ i J E y t 3 * ’ n l t o a l a 1 1 1 p © z x ; v - . r U < . 3 3 0 8
gegtsdUoctcxl poUaD’* vltli '^oU si ositiiua’tian to poiCGiitUijB 08 icasxtool
(aOO „t','. LC II). • **+/• | | | $BfeS(0 B flMl tftc? SUEMNEIMI 08 tMI
e ^ p o r i ; o n t d C a r A . a a y c o o r t o a ; * ! 0 8 a a i l j T t T i i T i t C a r H w T t < l * < ' t
tlixoo sjpocias* BatA MHM Boce./Iao.t laxoltesd to cortiato tox&i/.vcsx&s eta
w M t i C - p ? . ; o i t o ir a l» 4 * T r 8 a ^ a t a i a l i ^ s B b B O B M p i b n a x a
aofc cccgjlotjaly ow taaaa tzy U jc QtiKzaol. •^ootoc^ztxtoo u :*j usad*
X b 1 8 f f t i r f f * f i t «^ v » v . \ i a 8 H a t B O B l i i l i t o l t i * 4 0 8 p c x L t o o . . . . V t o s i s
o c c u x s a S a t © c e s a x o b i w B l y I bnnssc d o a a a t b u t B a i a M B b C B S o t t 0 8 p c & X a a
p . i i a a t i i ^ x A ( o e o o a f t * X X ) . S S i a d - o o o s C a r a s m
p » - c f i n t i t o j j , y n - , w » ■ t i K J f l O f u r a i s x i i X i s a i o Q i a 8 t J c t o c l i ' / l o i c s ^ 8 a
b a c t e r i a a a A y e a a t b y a f l K s f e o r 0 8 3 0 0 a r m m ( o t a a a 1 ^ 7 ) .
.. G , ‘ c . t i a s t o Q c K i i s a t i o n s f t - y ? tc.x'jofc B i M l M H R I C o r * S l o f c l 6 8 f l M k t 8 $ f l B
V Q i p / . y » T ^ > n p b a i u Z 0 * « * ( M M p i t ! 5^ X : v - > i , l a t t f e O a a f l a n A H i t
S f a a W % f d o o a a C a r a l t o U a I n b t b i t i c u w a r e a i l l a r 8 1 a l l a a a a a t t a a
I M i ' i l V P K l B i f l M M l f t H M M M i t -4 M i 0 8 I I C 8 I M 8 R 8 I H R H I 8 8 8 M M 8 -
22
■ M ;V
0 100 200 200 300 300 200 100 200
1.03 M* •* , f - *N» • r *• 96.0 9%.a
1.56 - * k l 92.1 r## **
2.07 Ml mm — 96.7 90U7 75*1 12*5
3*21 ' - — 71*9 71*9 — Ml 55*9 .
%** - ! «M> rnm mm %3«2 M l 36*3
M l *M» «N» mm «*# «Mfr : ; r KW6 ■ ! 17*2
6.28 109.6 96*9 52.6 52.5 Ml 9.6 6.%
7*as - - «*» mm 29.% 20.5 6*1 3*3
M r ~ M> . mm ■ «N» <«* 13*5 2041
9.3PL 0 .9 2*9
12.%? 77.% 53*3 06*7 2%.l .*# . - mm M»
26.67 90*5 63.2 ** - - mm Ml
2%.90 61.3 28.2 a M M «N* mm mm **
31.12 %9«0 1 M 4M» mm mm,- mm mm mm
62.2% 23.7 a .9 13*7 M ; / mm . mm m mm
93*36 17*6 2.0 9*6 0.% - mm
83
vusam n
cwffig m iHXUUBS
mSKVT&L) AUDI AHB KECALCUl
m a 1ASS33
eqLfi/t lua“ 3Tta
Hr* « ig s
S ia g le -ta ise t
MM>AXae" c l l i a i 'l s
■i wiiiii mi mmwiHiintinrX- .3216- .06A7X
Aloe -* • -W56- *°»**
Cocos~S5lfr» X - . s e n * •1*o6ax * « % » £ » *• -**i*
21.2
9 .1
3.9
3.3
1.3Tt.l3ie .05361.00* 6.39
.851*3$!* .Utokt.0020 1.0$
lif t* *08 .3Q0%4M3 l*.1* 1.9^.2263 .31&&.0386 12.1$
SMO£ m .
■..m * —
equBtiyeila
10$ L *
Circle -t&ryet /■tat 1st icsgTftgt1 ■■■— —■■- - > «. . y y .
of k—
Aloecili&rioI m u MM 11 II 1H I —Ml t » .2575- ‘OS^X
Aloagaponarla X- .3 P 5 - *0fc«3X
Cocoanuelfoxa 1* .3109- ^aw *
1 - ,as*k- .395«xBSi£ 5a3S£&i-aac&rtliia:!
^ a .6 I . 2a + .531D .os&d&.oom 38 .65#
» .T .781.0736 .06701.0097 * . #
5-8 i.3ftt.3Tffl .IfifiRt-OSSk 17-6*
3 . 5 i . M t . 3 0 6 9 . 3 1 6 2 1 . 0 3 6 6 n . « *
85
Tfl% £q2 iuJaibitlooai of nitioois and of (gfntaijaB't i^ti tnro #06# 9 “ : ;V"’ r ;-.: -'r * ’ ?• / ■ "'
tt» four apaolaa* 88a caqpawtive doooa (in io^ —
<toF) for iaojjbifcioti of pcxLiou oonaiaatioci and nttoala aaa U iM bolov2
m.toala-U)37 intTioVt-.-s Ooxa* Ctex$atmbloB<-lJWr r ^ S £ l.T!S.— sSSmmSBm— S S S S S S S S m ....
A* olKftsifl 81,8 *8.8 JM
A. appqaagte 8*1 15.T 33-8
£• nmsifteea 3*8 5*8 8*7
I* s a s s t e i 3*3 5.5 f e £
fba difference la found. In 8* mc&rtituri; 3*3 * 1D a w for■ .'• . v ■•" ■ ?., ' ’"" .*'.. :~ ' '\:v ' ’■ " ’ "" ••»?*,.•-•* -'" - ,, :* '‘ :^ •, •«/.,,-’••'.»*>.• ” ” •_ " ,-/•. * .
ta Itf nrltnUn IrfiOtWilMI. —I* fll -fl ■ 1(jU> «MM TA Mf^ .
<WhtttM<B. 88a n l a t t a naall difference a jr 8a agM In c. nuolfam :
3*8 * 18^ e*8» fa r 21)^ of rttrtlto InMMtlon ant 6.7 * V& aaga 8 r
La) ,7 08? {‘OKilLOKtloQ tnhilijtlfiB.
onie- ixvbod tBigst nuAss# 888 2ilfcotil.c liixiiLitiijii appaMaft Ucd 8©
giAQillMHKty fiEQB one (U blt f l , VZI). 9 a taxix* master of
{. - ca-L:x...--i deviated itp tf ta M tty f*en ant In 5881a VZ, 8u* not in
«o>u v n . Mitotic <w*tK<»4fwi in Q m of tte four mrHlantljaw Am* f e n «w q# * *<n*1* tonigt far Ilf liwA4tt|4«*|Tw m m m aaaeapia1 pappea pppaaarppp aap ti aj appipapp-... tppF PamavtaaBpaaa*
litotic iah.ii) ition aumna teaad on 88a zptpeaaalon equations in
ttttka 83 and US aaa pxaaanted la Wtgom 8 nod 3* « » aito tic <rfiOittfa*i ctirvoB for I , nM KiPail M l C« w as a n a *><**<
pf>f|rp|fp*, fa *■>»<.» nifyrMji and intaxeaption an 88a otdinata
26
ri&xce a. m totlo lnhlbiti n curve* of UV-lrmllatQti aenaxative cell la tense of to ta l pulleia &mtm tvm A. e ll la n a * A.
m>VXS9 Jr# gglCra i&.u .i i find W» iiuC.i.X0Xp ^
27
Figure 3. flt-Jtic Inhibition curves of UV-iriedlated gaaoiwtlve cell in terms of gero&iated pollen from A. clllay la, A.25E2S53B» £• SS2SS5SL# 11114 £•
m
( ta rg e t tsx M m m g iven In ta b le V I). fag A. psgcm r^a, t tm alepe o f
m M lt’INHi £*£%*» ifeMft I t t |jy g g j||:g ^ » fliMMgrtiMA.
m tf l* m a t t l l ^ l lA I f l t t i i tS t t t- i t f t 't f M t 't tM f A* flllM flf» ~ t t l f ; ',^ppwp ggsw gpgpg^ pgjpjf *ii wp p •— •—■■ "■■ -■ •" 5|S B B 55B |(5 iV 535r ""'.........
i*aH»«*fe« th a t ♦•>>*» Wia*i«4A A. »<n*wt« 1c about tiflce &a
xa&lo£OSlst&ixt M **P <Mpioiti A * aey»-*,«f»*f»T Both G& tlMM ^W t v i th am
’toSQet Ifflre&fOt I t ywrU i-S.;.<nj difSSXQQtJfil
mihh Tfi 1 w Iti firm o f fflwnri tB© t&xsotA*
S t ;-wy t f eoaolu3e<i tM I 8 f SseiwiisfcioB in h ib its p o U tt ' (PHC#i40BtjU*i
a. -* pollCSl -Ltoala 6AC& tiir-X<>X A atmglft t& Sgft o f m ftw w A mjUUft*
M n attiv llw . jfcAlan *»*»» etttoaK i aaa >»*»» aHOflltlvs to SV iM n f l t^ a i
t |p f t i f m <*M*iis<*it- wp* k»n«»i1rti* At «»<*<** *»*'» H auMtfl to ^ t*>
mnw 3®d4orooioti.tii*3£> 1ft p o llsa t t HtV EsttOBiA StMl Sfct
<f"1h ti tiifi A &nl #%-tJt SSrv&BMMAt* If -wmll'SMMB ifMA *-**:iP*w u^xuia tgiciroit m**mvw*,$ w o w w ft iMWPi «rar w **/^
du&os i'a r e ith e r geistlDBtiott m l-iito sis were can®2ote$X v ttll
*«wi- v dhz» odf a«r»i*feive m&leua* o r daozaa o f o lo iti;/. lauantag
ccxi£i’ic $ m ti| o f nurtK tion voa® Oboasrwd fo r p a ilm *t**/,<ri* i m t mat* I. I,,,. A ....—-.A- .a . _ ja^AM Bk ^ M kt*«a kA i % m M L m n it m MEL *iaa^aiiM Paw ^#w aatS<»pfog fwaJwa (pptuoB&iua tm m , s v u m v m tzm * m u t «■» «pi « m 8 a m y *
TjgcBSTiga Qp v y Y TaT nTW>TnMB
m m & m tm m m iodw dad in tM » tM IM M H i« M |N M N «
< t« » « lp i i ig M i i» ^ M M M Hfe **1 §» HtfflHk* 411*«m th e twogjAoil A. o ilia -X e . f t e a b iU ty o f p o lla a to geimrtaa ta In
cu ltuxe aervQa u th e ex a to rtea o f pouuwa euxvivaji* wm mxtamnjsea
fMpt ftm i iM flf tttMfMMMbtiit t# t smmmmI i I I t ttM tt t!BS»
39
m m m m rn m r n m ^ stiasda* ft* s«a» I* a a s S a s k * * £ •auciflosa n m i — rliH ftrats 5, 5, 1 end 2 eapertsaots, soapeetloely.
Xa the lav dost '**1Ty* no gg jp n — emvlvel cncumdi
VHia f h w v i h h r t i i t ixioijQ varied itm 8 0 0 S t to 090 S t 1f t four epeelee
tested. Ihnignaaatw iTwreaae la x -«y flow a ta n the ttow W rtl had
to 'yn^pRjujXve 00' the yy» »'«yfc<«> of pollaQ ©aQflEaSastlag M
noted I f SoO tttt (lf63)i hmM tor oat ttaeaqr (2002) MA other authors,
the doeoo asooaaeay to wflhwo survival by 90 ooosodsd I f a factor of
20 os* 00 t**51 doses leadiA; to 90*1 la bacteria (Solle end IVil IimihVit
1 9 f t ) , fungi (foaper ood Atwood 1955), aod viruses (h irla 2055).
Gestitnatica perceate-.,ja0 la 0SMo were plotted ua aad<4flg
ueee selected to — xsgreeeioB egueticas booed 00 the le i l i -
target foraulaa of Klabeld (1953)* the sagMMdae equations, the
terlvoil tttTcwt austere sad d o s e s **** axeeaadsd la l& ble XX«
0HM8 f l u
v H i i n M i i M i m
Does la Kr. A. cmai-;> A. vesm £, auciKutt • -raoarthariM „ . . . . . ... ------ . . . . I ------------------------- ~ ------------------ ■■■■■■
. . . 87-9200 01.2 02.9 yi 85.5*000 85.2 89.0 55*0*000 M ' 03.0 VI * t i ,7 »
37*5*2000 52.^* 35-8* 30.9* 22.1*2too i?*a» - 9. 3* .„• . l m - JS B i
. ..W1 . . . . . . . . I. ..... ■ — .1! ■
• P o r t i o n o f t o B u r v i a l « « e o i a o g f c i i f o r j a■ ■-■■w ... ... _. ... ■... _..... . . . . .. . . . . . . . —-
S S S S O f f X O U * A S S M B U 9 B B S O f O K r ^ f l E A S l O H S U r , V I \ f l U , C U H V S S F O R
XEWB2ED POLISH. 3M& <&ias vA-OM fBOH &*&!£lQiii';Of 8Ui>VmL CUKVES (see Fi& xx* 4 ).
%oatootetfooolcti c*;r.xit I xso
IB100 Kr «*** . **% . t
C.T* of k
Alsocllio^ia Y-1.09TD- .IA69K 12.2 3.00± .2575 .l46at.0072 4.9*
Moot n tSteBI T-5.S275- .5376x 11.0 lB.60il.0296 .537 t»06gO 15 -6*Cooon
Ptwh.«mt>KftY-1.0573- .3MX3QC
«» .4324- .1556XT.9
T*#
6.4U .6634 .3400^.0675 1.54t .1307 .15561.0178
39.99U.4*
fte H b a i for I ( ta rg e t o z to r ) M pA A m 1*5 to S S i (ftU s B )i
OQ& (U m m slgnlf ■' * *» p* ■ i „ iox jor 1.0» An m&& udo ttf ji>r,
Aoaee bw# correlate vtth Ate oucter of tiigtts IB mob species OB dboexmtlco tM 1?* to btek oote flw 0V tsmtuaota* Bcwomr# A*
ciiiai'ic ooo; o<4 to to lom TOrt 1 nmoTiattlve ttaB tte omoIbSbs throe opooloo.
St nfiy to irrlirliil out ttefc Opooloo with strikingly tUfSfcrsttfcr a r t ^ r f l m m W f H lB f U f l A > m i e l a U B T X B D O f i C d t I B A n g * a n u n t l ^ i
. . . m ^ m r n r n - - -
eotpurtwos M m A. oUjgrje en*A. jot, £. oucM o t rofl >.
sBoorfcituyi. So oosvolBtlooo Boom ii'.jj) dooo# poUo) OiBO■bA tn lm af t 1 f nuclei tmiin amwTwnt..
GERMINATI 10 . >8 • A . cilioris \
\\o A . vero
o P . mocorthjri v’ O
■---- C . nucifem
3 4 9 6 7 8 9 10X-RAY DOSE IN 100 Kr
73«a*ft k. X-ngr dow-survlmi curves at pollen f in A. c lilr K , A. MRgarift, P. cgcgrtfaurl «A C. nuclfpr*. “
i i fft dose-ourrl'val, ounw i oa i# rap lu tto d o r o ea l-lcg paper booed
qq $be rogitsoeioo etjiaotloos obbelaod Ifl vttt. ah fnny r nnnn
{ j m * 4) 1*0X0 OfffBKOMMU 21® *tfrfrT * J&Bft&fKuO Qf tbMO f tllf t l
anji^nii^ g| boxge m sfeer o f e a t i t ie e ox t&xgete x eec ti
in tbo poJuLeo gexataKtlon p$o6tt#B*
Mitciitte fe-JiCSfi bv x isBsnB
thi miioeie ego® ofefUad following *JI,llia**ottijiiii ofoftiiMw of ttna e U iu rli< A* texa* JFtahedbottQesaB • «w< cocee**>»■■'» ^ ssigTB iwi— S5T agzsay aw* .Tffrrar ~ 1 a.. ’■"■■■» iwS»b?sii.<c ii’os a. A IMfri1 of 6J. :->at 7,000 y**Tflrt tubss usn scored* *H> the
Absolut® o f A lvldlng recorded in Mfcle A* i®tO fra a
■<« aMgAtKte i» inm 1 1ni 'iifm with A. ***& two of A. <WA wara
FnfW H slM o f l i u m in th e o f tb e f bMBP species
(W l6 A) m m m f tU w s i
a * e iU A rta tt-os*ISP. cao artb u rl 88.Q8I■:;;. c. I l l g P *5 .55
1% Jo 4«»4<I«1^ dfetOffi «<><«* lo V It* o in a
h i|>h f w t puffvjy (B®pAad6MP o o f teoxy iyt>2}j e a t tbes® p p o e is t
M M ||f|||jtf( | WMMfftlIflf fo o t o o to rto l f a r t***f fftudy.• - r i-.* ‘ T ■' . . . ' . . " ■ •■ ■..: i' ■• ■’ ' • . ’ . '- ' . ... . : -! k ■"■'
2sq sav OAtA o f t t U t X W BI otBassAyj.2eti» and converted <0%*
percentages Of tfa* wiiwacUStod, CbedEA Ift T^fHf
«?>»» Aata i» gwht* T tt im » bean ataaaerised f a two v&vb> a s mm* t t e
a « i, i a ..» a ,fr ^ jffc itk a ,-,,»„»iim ... f f l t f ^SSXSfct* H A f t fB kM kyollflll w lO III CnplKIBlM fO U m SI Uf SSWtoflBa*® | WM6 I#* *06
fjyrofc fa r ritgbBl poXJuwx? ** wso&
-r
toKr * 1*» lb lc « L . i2u . 2b 3 . %0 56/62 23e/260 *&AS6 21/W6 69/156 U*foe 321/356 166/31? 113/136 17/37
20 - — 135/152 ** mm H7/137 « — - —to i 4 ; aa/M 31/ 6 *N» - -* . *• itaA75 asAT «M» ** g g g *N*4* g - 96/l3> g - g - g g
wm — — MD/177 g — g — **200 g 23/196 — .’ f.y g 90/BM» 23/373 13/138 13/3*m 16/37 ft* «M* - ■ : — <*/»« 15/393 11/116 7A5600 6/15. -.H • ' :•'.?■ *- - 12/59 ** ' ■ 'g " |* 35/33* 2/1& 5/139 V52890 m m 26/lU — g 0/90 *** 1/260 5/3)1 g -
1/X30 — — — — •|g 2/166 0/76 — —
t'S| ■
r; ‘ &•v- '■>••■,'•■
■n •
■ & . 'k'fy
fh, ■;
—
IS
J# ite
jfrto Of P-iT.r,':;.ro in • .; iCCTOSIS f£&X£M2B0 I«BMf iEIffiB
A. c iliiU 'io ii. -,eiu C» nuclieiB ~ p . ■acftrthuri”"mil ' -|. if-jul ^ I f c ^ t Tjliil:! il'l ift MiAilftT£?»$* vOm gp S* #<JWm. |p£I7s* i lmlk Horn* v0W,
XX
0 300 : # § . SCO 300 300 300 300 100
a? . tM i to# to# ## to# <** to#
60 01.4 78.2 to# ## ** ## - '.61#
100 73.2 ■n.5 , '# ;c ** i;, ## # to#
ilto 54*5 51.8 38.7 30.4 63.2 17-0 33*0too ... # # . 43.6 33*6 6.X - JMfr, 30.2 16.0 ; 13*8600 3S.3 39.2 6.6#»w i.6 33*9 14*2 6.2 3*4800 32.8 11.6 3*0 4*7 *» ' **• to# a*
( > {joiuiaEKted p-j'ilfsn ) t o *w M ffc f ® q f m _; nation. Tte
]pH»1a flf X-Xiy Aoflo USOd fof ♦>»<■ n»f'!fly tggSB <w||»»*feiYflly lOV.
t£Uvxs32f Ixkoum 1?f t ttfr pSitucc ;~t'i*i'©ct» ■->».-ocxved id K^Wff OUJTVX'WBl
ff<!«nM bl tw.im 1 Itltj lf*riii iiMinn II ■ «.» (kid* n S.Mit- Iiimm Huvi.*2 iT8 *./1 «WV U XlvwiQ ttii XCJXSE1CC w TW|> M DSMHI w l
' : i r.(*~' f ^Cs3»jLC<i5Q fitOCii •~v3»*i-''(. * . ' ' i
polloo*
Aaal^eea of tin ai'tatic ftofjuans^ toXum In tofels XX to t jpiBseufced,
to 30$ to r **** i": r . ’/iio s tok XM9toto2(Mi (rf geiTjiosixxi p o iic a .
to v i tv o f to o s im ila r ity o f tihaoa t o t am* tliu-ae to o o f
tot&X pollfisi# EiaslysGS o f tol* oxo in to p ra npnM it
35
g m m s u s k L M s s m u m o r m in s a n e m m m m a s m m m x-bm t- E u *d » sed m m w m a u , u? m u o f ® f q u s i (n g m * 5) . :jjGiS3Bian ix ^ v r im c&' Y (log q u o v x a u I jtJA a w ju e s a se based os;.ig g r -a w srflc-iiiAf';* k y&Lif •; ir ■•: Ri8iALCUiAM> ill A fiunc -*rr’ ta«5T«'•V p e*» W ^ eW w W » M pW C M M w MPWMPWf w V w » ^ P iSSA P Sfii^ ^ iliw S* M « W « V
A B U XXX
% nto» tXr ttti ;i 0}*».v "S.y\ jU100 fir Pl— M »# f r
of to
Aloe**"clliiria t«* .oaae- .adsx 3.X •97+^359 .2237+.0698 30-55
M2SmSm&L 1-1.0339- .2937* <M» • -36^.6^50 .466>».C*7* 20.85
CocoaouolteiB T« .62X0* .UX38X 3.3 1 .Q&K26Q9 .2907+.0387 13*35
3ac^s§BSS3i T—X.12t*- .85SOX #» • •33*.IT» .4900+.0610 16.65
* f la theo re tica l |£ b i doss csinat be Aifiw * Sant* th» iweveeeSflB o^utticD iftfyr ectiaetod tsrget noribev is less I&iq 0*50*
t h n i» t ty | p i w ysnuin&t iuxi data# by X**eye
foXXovs esQeablaUy to e&puzxaitlsl doflt*iwsci)n pBttem* Ktoxgeb
fTl^rrt maged £rat Q-5S to i.86; soft Aid |fl*A *<*’*»»
firam 1 «0. It vould s p u r tbst the Inhibition of nitools by x-xaye soft
by US eiagle-hit stotistics*
2t Is tijjpaiGafc fx'o>„i tlx; of aifcotic aamss#
bcMevas* tZsat 4'fiff¥*lM!t to-vjotfl# op <M*~m~'*Li hevi*y difitoxenfc
Baoeitivitles, u » in n in l to the x-zay to n to ton Wf mmmm* Mm an eiflacplcj utolle P. is at***1*. 15 ttaas ss iB&sitlvs as
A. ciliar:La to UV (Slble VXl)> i t ifl only «nghfeiy wxm oeaaitiv© tkm
A, cUiail& to X-Mji. A l l aaa b* seen la the mammy table at k
tAlntA *--oi v- i*d'L siaglc Wxgot efcntletlen oC Ssfclec ¥XI a> a XXXt
36
k (oljpo) aaluea at tBltotlc curve# tort- ............ «v ... . ,.-w :_________
4* ci.iinr.Lc .os .as
*. m s s * * .07 -arntrer
*■ 522 «MM1 .*7
£* .17 .ae
.38 .*9I t la out *f*ft ao ffpTtaliwM Tt exists la sateirial L*/t eoa tiie
5V and 8*M|r vadioeeneitivitic£$ aC geaeiotlvo nuclei to the inhibition
at Bsit ■u-.u-
2 .KI data fe ta xzi qic pijttocl oa a aasi" !^ {j-tiph laM g O I to A1Mw«ia>i »Jv> Annn«TOtBV»w M m w of A. VBSft «wA *. naaftithurl
intercept; "the 3 aaka **© 1 below i t la agjpenEnfc tisoA tbeee
AtoEteaaoaa am iH i eignii'tcaot* when a t -te s t la ante at tHr a jt ^
data In XXX.x**my irradiation inhibits geasinetioo by inactivating the
aulti-tex^et ijatiniii jaaaamt la frrlVff y^*^- in aootonah# I t &tjrpwmt nmlrn flnmUhtMy by 4w*tHwAlwg t i t b i t - tMIITEpP t jJ'SflilllllliH*- :..•x-gjnr'lpQ th e
fit m Aaa £01* ao that floe MmaloiticB. a two* to fourmtalA
AUXftMDOe la tfaei. ?T**£n la observed; surfjestii^' AM doso
x©3,uii\sd i'oj* juibil-iuioo la substantially Icaer than tesit
37
Figure 5* Mitotic inhibition curves of X-ray-irradiated generative ce ll la terns of seminoted pollen£*» A- & A. mgs**#*, P. m & StS&iand C. -
iwpiiLred for gsnsisttticxi inhibition* fte im ii t i ftjftj j jftlftBil of ■
wUttlcD for germinAtlon i t 13 1 for y**1— % § 185(1.
IjftlM W i KMMMftMfe MHM 8
aw MU** of u m « rta l« t-lram » to > cb t t t mxwtt W « of M flw Tu»
fXBsh n, »i i nm tff Crlfli.; ttoiaticuia n n imkUCtod s t A dlfitioco of
ft or. froo tba surfho* of I te 8 ft# If? taafi « t • Aon t t te of 23#537>Q27
onss/c.^/ala. Pollta v u t gxx ya In M lsluM tfpliM Hltdi agar nA lin
for fttrloftt of 0 , 1, 2, 3» ** «a* 5 boon. After « d i In itia l growth
period, p.Alea aaaplna wans Irradiated vrith Iff In four dooot
from 23 to lAl wrflllan orge/eoS. Pollaa tut* langlha wore —ntwt ft
pd o r to Irradiation tad H nnaftoHm of tte growth 1ft hour* from
OtiBUS XIXZ
M ttM M M M M R P f M W I H J M m f ■ MADIATIC88 AS fftKfEJG PE.IODS Of TEW ARB 0B~I£iA?IC&
i>ooe in............................. ";':rr"r 1 i tf» )m gth la nixoroGtsItfi „ Sudber of hours growth prior to irxedieti.^:
£3ss/fi£ > ..." X ..-. r: f 5 r ., -.IF!-.
0 *055 *055 W*99 *99 3871• . wiPP
83.5 km M l 1696 155* M i 3«**7«0 yrfi SQL 693 M l 9*87 33*59**0 1732 SD7 607 190* 3396 2960
1*1.0 333 63 303 11*6 3339 3308
-ity? p .iXien tui-c? loaytii ara tturoaBTiBed in UteSn *m - fgUm
tubes t w a n im ii to trradintlcn, after periods of growth 19
to five tu u n ant tin data insluled in tin ’Sable- nf
by UV becoaea 3aee M tube
flwa hours of gnMth. UV irradiation ten l i t t l e affect. urtousa pollan
td n c tM t * murlnm to ta l growth la culture which la acvniljr Unrttea
( i n versus 150 aa. an t te plant). Jh new of thin feet, t te
scnpaaa&lns effects of UV oa tube# of -varying age* In d ifficu lt to
Istesprst* nevertheless* f t la readily oppstxaat te a t ths jn lltn
increase greatly in UV i wtfl icicnivlf Tvlty within an hour of ii.a jc -iiion.
‘ISxle a i l ’cub la px-obabiy lessened duria,"" subsequent !,i.-o;rth.
gft « sec-sad esq^erhaeot* Criaus Bslsticw pollan man tn c to i aa fr»n«rtwBt (a) n i t e m n In cultura »—*€<* tea tea hours th n
Irradiated with UV for two mtmtssj Cb) pollan groan for four hours,
than tru sted with uv fa r tan a t e t e i (C) pollan gram fa r tao hours*
irradiated with UV for a a stands* conti&usd growth for two
iKiuxBj e-“v$ than given sAiGthcjf ana lainute uv» irradiation.
H|p gatIsa tetea waaa ooaoured «-ty\ stressed aa *»i'g*,-*w‘ In
pQiMGtxii o i of ten snxiiGu. tube icu tbi of tlM* vnirmftiBted control*
ftexofora* tea a-wn»^ aaaolaa roasted n n d a n lawcth of (I) 33,8 1,
(B) aaA (e) 10.8*. H I teaao pollan wain given t te aana UV
done* ten na 1m~ difSum xr Tinfiison (b) ani (c) oan be accounted for by-■npnmnewn- ennanif ■ jansawpsasR uiiwBBPnopinpsnsspninssn^uiSBiirBaTRsvwnpwF n ~ w onapsvp"" ■ p- p w
tea a&’ooti'veoaas of tea flash fsasttcn of UV Irradiation during tte
f ir s t two team growth than during in ter growth periods.
ko
Thfiiifii ifeutroo PgllM IliM lftticfii
too toot Boatroo tr *& uxooiua fission can bo autorated by *
clastic w M iH ia with graphite or tesvy water to ft nuclear naactor
un til th s ir average energy is reduced to 0.025 of* that of th a ro l•' ••• • ■ •’ • ' % . * ’. i - v': '.*• . :•'• - \ ■' ; ' N. V ’■ : •' > y : ! ‘ "f ’ ,j. ; ; . • •• v:
KiBx ioQ. Xtese ftoo&raoo produce th e ir effects through o^tu re;
fexaing ft iwwilittwi which to unstable* usually en itb to S ft fOusta
n y laesaiately. ***" tin y it to irradiated with t tofTirl. neutrons*
m totl ^ y fifiniwly Vrjf ynthiI m fomA through im d ia tsd
tissue. S tan <M"t epproxionftnly to **t*Tlgf*t lines with ft relatively
•wan AtoteflM lto of k a p i n (Smith 1961).Th feMa otiri*. fho noirfewitt ftmll <tv in Kmnfchttvcn j to la tt l
laboratory was mat* toe flux «H calibrated a t 9.0 x 10® themel
neuftrote/eaP/ese (Curtis «ft 1956)> TTSdssoentils alow So. %
both fresh an* dealusted. w n inadiatad a t Intervals
t» to to to u t. Sto eaixatofttioa w t amirn* an* cornered to tte
•■ftp— cootrul narplnn with too seas **>1 f life ( t o l l XXV).
Osrntostlca of declined (gtotoMSSf with toft tocrseslag ttaft
oft tofttotoitoft* Shore vtiQ ao thresholds (tmwiA to both frafth and
dry pniton dose-eurvitel ourwoft; too nature of too curve say be
onwyftMhto to those for mot fungi (fietetogbaner 1^ 8). So significant
m m m m ®* <k»o-survlvel curves fo r fresh and toy
fto lto coo bo distlaguisted.
too greater m iforatty of responses to aaufcron
totofttotka than to o tter sources of in to lo t inn boo boon reviewed by
ftd th (lj6 i ) t Brevboksr sod ftwiy (1962) , a f t otters.
H
DISUUSSICH
QbOSTVOd fOV ( f ) UV ryf 1«m geyalllStlOD# (b) UV
of p u U m ^ b t nltooln Mft (o) X*ooy of yaUncHfedbo <osii>
t9K0Ht 4MMM9bMMHMNI So.jJuBtijQg froa <*<* s ta tis tic a l conclusi.c*B to d o cctietonoe of O bialcyidll oar i ;i n-*» E sg rti la c t l i ig t m system, ceae
tb l ste tisticftl coo-tojqgst <■ dsscrlptlvo
<yf ^ atogla blolOgiCOl tS0£3&fe> tlJ© tJGXKJ. Of** BUXVl'VOjl OflA dlvt>iOD|hMMMm. I ifl Ml foliar rtMlAiMmamfc StBtlatlaa Of maiwa*- awn
tli tlx? pxcsumd ‘taxgo'ta (goati) m polyploid ? Ml lo =1 tlu u s
cultures• J»c vo.rtteicss * life Ss oMCul to consider here tllB coU ulir
ccnstituti xi of t te pollen ffTP<n vlfeb OOOreix fo r toosaitie i3li\:.lc
t te questi^i orlooo 00 to M*Mt— t te t*trgalt lo located,
whether in rntnnlosm n d to ll* or lo tte aanusfcivs ooll car Tnratst tim
oalli otooo both nay bo itafe la Ofe. froo tbs prsosnt study, i t uw
coacluleu A. c*'1 in^n , n .lyr.t^ i .kiy xoopccoBft to UV dOOO 00 O elHglo-
ta;;; ot njnticin i A yoollniixii.'y otufiy ty Hsost© (uaputlisted) Otewoft tin t
yy. ii trr' fyyyi o triouclsnte pollen species, pvt) oo •sycnootinl
Of diQOMuznal iwpoc—. Zfe 00000 that Irrespective of tte
dlifeitiutlaticc of geoeintivo coil sad tte ploidy, t te iahiM tioa of
p. vi i rott 'jrs- • results f*1""— destruction of too tvnflrt oo <Fiif
On *ft** ot&sx hand* tise of g——,fc—ttfn fay X*ny
involved. diver®® <w *mpi*» o f tifaTtptii la pollaa* Tlrwnror# B® ti*!ifrT,r of
'fcaff'jcyfcs ■» t%r> cooclutat la •tills cfaudy* wftx© n <t coi*®l®t®A t® B® dogxeertf <p\i >-?,r1y ny t ftW* gf in *>ya gpocift®* ioiQ
1®® VSS*3.0fUS ftfffaffl%ff <rf| WStkf ‘'"’'Piy’TTOj ®®ft n*n V®UL# 1litW1Mrf!fy*Vj fal®
possible flnmcjft of tiw jj®Q03®fa4v® qoU oanowt fat tafagcsto-l Ml 18® B20C3.a6l.VQ fQSSQtt for iwhiM^ia^ gf p .^1— p w i i ^ t a . jjf m® ferytm
fa® 0QQW9 tt® Highly **Wimwwtiato* yMWMfafr® «ip
26 r:a.. ifl, 1® Jiotod ttalt ‘kite TUQtltl’W M l gBl®WtiV6 w lla ®X®
G'-rt.c'o-.Kiy m mti (j w ”*Uw *—*f1 ftt lit® isfaaipba®® *»■ a
M i* SMB p f*w * tAam ».M v&rxstOfclV© awll but fall UfaUfl 9 l t flOSl
iinnwiit fail ly s ® oyfacyOiMB* B ® Bfa®B®iv<fa m u fa®® p l fttiw hj^x c .oxseot
fyff JQ®, apfll pgpOfcSlB# XVOUlfalQg fowq tte UOS({UOl diVlaiOG of tfa®
Mawaynwi 1963). Si ®g ®faon thr> vegetative
wy»^tn N& jfcif fUMW <wfc/> B ® CJftCf MQi W><* My ®
iotexpre'toS Ml process of M M®a8j®®ClfM6l®i ®od wttl‘Hti1 nn to
M (stiffen 1963) . Qb B ® atiwr bend, « ® activity o f pollan
bPBPIW fa* IWP* WpWwS *•* «®
lucieas® in B® y tfftfalfay of ®wy®®®» w><* activity say Smmhm® a t tfae
ammM fvp Ifiiinif tlllili I f I t la BO* the iMMBtitilRft Q®11 ifl
_o".ty.laly of gnflfaM? icpjifcaaco i t fl* “iimlng y >l|,it,> jpTrtnf****111* tfau
f n y,':Ti.t*~. vo ‘JOii *
B ® railti-tasBot fay y-fpy ***>m fa® ®®fa2MU®d fay It®
nrirarllv ® «wwt avufcheois. B® *ratbi®iO of o frvn** would
Cot53CK£us$«»ii2y# bba y d le o bo iyMMlnata s r ^ s x i a S i i s i b o A bob yroduooQl
»' fltV ■I’tr tube til th e^nf*r*mft. gprarfch.ABMaoosprtiiy- HppoipioRRPop®* • • tipooomrr r inopnipop iFOsisiPtiapoopiyiPijoppir?
<>i tiarjijnt of poUea yoMtMtloo by W oloflBb b#
o o o o m b o A f f f r b y M b A o n o y ® o f a d o c a l a a e i f e le th a l t y p e ( l o o 1 9 6 2 ) i n
twnebB&fcsB ^iflil-" tfis® efpp*^ of op to ttomgB oicyo®
Oo8y t myint OOOOOA bo bo BoopoKtolbbO fKttf lUAAiBitFv-'Si o f,1 ' * r-''. • 'i'•■ y>". .-■ ' •" "';% <..'• -'f:?r>'.» f"' *i ■■'”' -*-"-1 -' ""-—'m•• ■'/ . v ..; ■' •••• • '\v.= 'V Vjvjv " •“.. ’ •* '■ -.H M inii«M w i i e itb a r by i**«sr o r U¥ iarxoftiobicsi. She doae
xp^uidoA m y p fb o tic laia iiiF io a i s bolloroA bo fr1*IHfit%i illl?*1y f ftiw t ioxj§e
fieft r Tonr* too bo i,lhr""i''it fnwrTi bhl® oqmAA looA bo b o tm iti b e th e ls
fffffl yprr UP fmri rr| |HQ|tl ti ll .1 bO th la
i2jfeest>i«3ta1jiattv tb s iatxibitAcsi o f e itf jo is o f • ydl^pXoM ohMBMMI 0O
goassofcivo c o ll — bo oeyooboA bo *|* <*>< o w -' tr t - tryvrg g t ry ttm i 00
■limntflo i mMmm o f d o e a -n ita tie o m m i . which i s Q c/t t2 o c m la
♦jhta gkjOw, 5J|s»'»»<*o-m ; • :»n»>rri'; ’l^-jm lp gHMMt to bg LrraLWld ill ***
■';'?>r> . oijBtlon of oolleoeasit.iv.'.«y vith Atgxoo Of jpti^t^y ta not
(ywiduaivQ la oiob study. bEwovao* to mboeio* tbs bmolobAyp*i0M^Pe00B0W<P»^r OMOOP W P I * p o w ^ ^ p * OHIH^nPrROHniep *■"* ■' 11 '» l-1"" s -’-" -- ■ w ■— ^ "' -
A, w«Haw4n flhoysA «Aawi*#tjiMM«et<w ajM) TOlllnTOalirtiBiirr ttoOB tbO“ ' TL'.| J ? '" — * * * '■'*"■ * ~ * "' "" - — ~ -psr” ^ ...............................
A i ^ ^ g g H B a B l a a f c t l t f i w w a i o O i f l R , H o w i * « O Q O D f i z b b l B b o o b
Of bbo Chr'.3XlCBily fys-rio* 1? ^ i^-yr-.fr. ■+.pmm-.= ••• by
t M M w
aawtox
1. *6Um txm five *eolm i *. c in srio , A. aopooarla* 4* n m ,
1 * nooe itltor l j and C. nuoite ja new used for t te study of effects
of Ilf end X»nQf f <MI yn^ —> geztaiuBtltin tur' pdleo
mitosis. OoRadLoetloii mitosis psx’cestegos non doored no
crite ria of rod le t I an effects.
*• Eb© £»m dose T w»rv rxcM» wwttewBi for wnllan MrmlnOffeiifll MOXS *11
sigaoidei, end target msdbeze m god from l«$b to 20.60* fee
mitotic curves a f X-njr <'—** * yniimn non a ll
eagpomrbSel# vith ***T)T*f- ddddfed d o n to cue*
3* fee dose r©GjK.*xi£e patterns to Ilf In both pollen (jeztoiflBtiuei tu<d
POllei'i J XitOSlO H O <05g)uO8BttS»l# Wttil 033© siiigls toxoet ■
0* of yyjifffi mfffffliiiffitifflfi n tn dn d n don too to t in e
non la x-xagr sod 1.6 to 6.5 t i n e non la Vf then Inhibition of p >i 1 nr; aiitoais.
3* So slg itftam t com latlnnn In s itte r u^ q fo r x-iey, or for
df with ndttdd s in , n | t of nunentlTO nucleus# or tautjet number
non obtained.
6. So *tg ^«o to relative ra&ioeensitlvitlas, “ **"* von no wirm lrtlnn• ' '• , - «*•'-... • ?' ‘ - ’»■'"• - ..•.' f " .' ; ’ "• 5 ^ - • V.;:.: J ' • '>' : ' r:3 .'3-v;.’ '<* '. - ' ' ' V • ' '
of UV nod x-ray date.
7* St Vte ©oncluctod tnat pollen f^Kiuiati jo a.-ss. 3>->ii.sJi riitosis flight
Involve different t u p l aroteao or eoneltln sites. fee probable
sensitive elites non discussed.
0* PrGiit^iaery studies vith the ra d neutrons suggested HM0 don
nepcxm Of (jOZl..iiUBtiOtt MM y pvwnfr.lal t OdUBO X*flf
respecms.
k k
Aloer. I . (1961) Effects on QMMllnlae Units and Tina I.IvIimi calls.pp. 3M«H>.
Baca. z. M. a d f , *1— <— (lgfiz) rw ii.n n t.1 . Of M M M » ■ WupwoB trass. 39. 194-3)6.
Bailey, f . C. (196^) Ik ffi«9>rtaon of x-ray and Ultraviolet M m A A berrations in P o llaa Tube 'xfarcxxxyxm o i T radeG caatia-«I. Dom OUWB BmmM M to fb iy ino - > lsture C onditions.46, 115-229.
SftUifi P. 0* and 8. Wolff (2064) A C a f tr t r a of X-ray and Ultraviolet Trv ^wia A b tnstiooB in. P ollen SdM Cluroanaoan o f txndesc& utic>~-li. m m S m p ro te in . -.-ltlioaia b b t t t t o n . Bad, b a t. 4 , IH -U $ .
M H ft l i I v i ^ l i M M k ML 94 9* M M t W S M i t]ndintictiB on GalsctosynasQ fo irastiati in Yoest. ucinnoe, 1 1 3 ,3B3-3» . A;v,t.: ■>
M M M d #» &B JfeMflft 88MM9 90 MU AhMMMMI 0M2MI 0MM8*
r* J. X>. and 0* C. &ei| (2962) M t e Mldbotisgr, Had.Bat. 2., 201-194.
y i —Mtfwr, £• X*. and B» H. M M (1963) a ion in Pollen GerndjsQtian nzyi B allen 50, i 5-o&5«
Curtis, S. * ., 8.
Ms Ksssotial Sain at Calcium Tube GruR/th. A ^ J ^ B o t .
at Xoni^iAi .adlotion on I. <4uantifcBtive nnri•■ a*-. m -■*, x - m .
c . a —d | w i ■•fo r Biological
Dasrlag, R. A.
Kroiritu, 1m 0. (2963) The Pbyaiolosioal (Janetle Effects at Irradiation n?vi G alatea -on Pollen Tube Growth.'- M M O llM .9M W *raity o f
loa it, 8. s* and M ar. A, B. (2962.) anancailn Mart tea s t naiaaiIrradiated wheat Growing Without cell Division. jUeriJU M .48 (6), 438-446.
U6
Giaee, A. C. (19^7) todtotoan and C e l l Diviaion. Q u a r t - Bevlew.SMas& ®a* 253-263.
tfcaktoa, 6, F. aad C. i . mam (Wk) tobibitioa of Qxurth toF a l l e n U n d e r a - x ® y C e t b o d e e * y K x p o s u r s - t o d i o l v x z y .
23, 710-719-
Uutcfcinsoa, f>i A* Preston and I* Vagal (1957) Hadtofclon Sensitivity of Ensyraea to we* Mil Saqr Yeast Celle. aad. lee -. 7* to5*478.
Ktoball, A « . <1993) ®» F itting of Hulti-Hit Survival Come. B laaatrlca, 9 ( t ) , ®1-«U..
Ktoby-Snitii, I . S ., H ica le ttl, » . bb& On***, M, a . ( i960) Induction sf Chr^aaeoGSl A b en stlo M to HmdescestfclB ^ t u n by Cort&tosd
U ltra v io le t ftraa tsan t. G enetlce, *5, 9 9 ?
K i r t j y - S t t i t f c , A . § . ( 1 9 6 3 ) B f t o c t a o f C o t f e t o e d U V a n d X t o d t o A t o n a m jkxix>r'ejtios.M Breakage in IxadescBuatiB Fallen. ificLiation~Induced Chraswaaaa M atrix, ad. 8 . W olff, pp. 2£>3-2l4.
K o U a r , F. C . (19*3)
6 l f S ?Lea, D. E
o f t o d t o t i u i i o n F j i l a B 8 W H t T l X i e v a l o p n i e n t ,
gsa -. - a sk . gs& JBaBKi^*
MMffiiltoa Co.
Lovatoca. £. (1954) ottatterlae tor Ultxmviolot Sadist ion-ftWt. to , 1129-U33
Xsurto, 8. X* (1955) Kedtotico m i Viruses. Hadtotlon Biology Vol. XI. ad. A. Haltoander, pp. 333-364
MU**afe, A. aad bradley, A- (19^4) 1*3*? Inhibition o f Mitosis to h»i>^4/wi c h i x x i K x a c s f l f Easter. ifep . M a t * A*-*^ • sol. wash. 30, 231-237-
Km" ■» a ( lo s i j iMKstlvBtion o f MMiroflDoia Cooldto tor U ltia v io le t*# '*fr* f#*
Gsft* M» G* and Stoeken* L h .
PPla vlyoa. and
P o e p e r , 8 . and K . C . A f e r o o d (1995) t o d t o t i c o S t u d i e s o n Fungi.« * ' A * U u l l a e a d a r , p p . * 3 1 - * 5 *
M m , I . £. (1957) tra d u c tio n and Growth la I x i a s &Uy %aol*a FuLLoviag x® and flaaaB®Xri,s<iia'tiu£' of foU ai and J6*XrjadiaAtoa of flaada. Plaa. Abadr. 17 (8), I690-X651.
itcddarialA A* (1959) Masdaadaal aad fXMQaa da* * * * * * • 357-371-
aottwtaghlear, S. A. (1958) fta delation of Survival to M datlca Doae la BunI fu g i. 2 a fc le * 8» 389-3*3*
Slxatelacr, B. 1*. (2933) UHxavlolat Abaosfffclon Vol- II, e l« t . BoUaandar, | i |
atiistioB
isttb ) X* & (1961) fba inaatur aa a fool for naaaarnh fa Vdaat science#Utilisa tio n o f
SSHSS! j9Bl!^S$5 *% B«w, A. H. aad L. A* Sctoadi»r (1958) fha Badlorasiataooa of High
Polyploids. Bad. Baa- 9* tV7*
afarrw, A. ! . ( M B tnr, L. A ., a. c. (1983) adaU oaU fBetween auelea* Vd&BBBBy Ctaoaoaoaa* faabas x a d io a o n sitiv itle a . Solano* ih l , 163-166 .
IIM U r, L. J. and F. K. ifear (1952) Oaaatlo Effect® of .. ad.iGti«.ai la Mttaa, XV* gSBE&£»* VT# 8 2 5 P |i> ;
staffen, x. (1963) Mela ttwateeeyte.Of Aagiocporiigp; a&. f . NfeMiaau
Stefftmaaa, B, (1956) ciiixrsssoiae Aberrations la falnlm Itlflf lent Txauoooaotia p.i xluued by Irra d ia tio n . natu re 18B, 1730*17 3 1 .
!t.nn«n^ g« V* (19 0) A Caqparlaot of CJixasjososadt Abaxxatlona Sadnecki r aad -371*
•waaaon# 6* V. (19*2) * » Effects of TntvarrtnVaa aad X-ray Smatneat an the PoUoii rube Ctapqaoacana Of fradese&atia, Qenetic® 27,*91-i»3. ' •.
Swanson, C. I . (19*3) PI flto want t i t sensitivity of frnghaai PollanTube GbrjcaoaouM to X-rays and Ultraviolet Xediatixi. J . Oanaial
8MBM1 C. 9* (19**) S a l | and (S lav io M Studies aa fo llaa tubeChmacaaaWh X. The Effect of W an x-ray induced
*6
Swansea, F. A. (1950) The Action %Mtovi of H i inhibition atGaixictacyi aoc Production by Ultr*TlQl*t Ufifat. Froc. «K>. Aon*.SBl*. v *i' 36, 699-
Vcn m m m , A. (19») 25k •ad x-rays an
Wolff, S. (!<**»
znu«, H. R. aad A. WlHBftw (1955) Sfftnsts of MJAttca an Bacteri*A iio lltteador, pp. 361-430
