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Tissue: Fabric of Life
Read & Review Chapter 4
Body Tissues
Histology- study of biology of tissuestissues are cells organized for a specific
function
Development of Tissues Primary Germ Layers
the process of forming 3 germ layers is called gastrulation
the process of the germ layers differentiating into tissues is called histogenesis
Tissue development
Endoderm – innermost layer ex. Lining of digestive and
respiratory organs, thyroid Mesoderm - middle layer
ex. muscle, skeleton, blood, skin, connective tissue, excretory and reproductive organs
Ectoderm – outermost layer ex. skin, nervous, epidermis
tissue
Tissues
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Four primary tissue types
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous
CoveringSupportMovementControl
II. Epithelial TissuesA. 2 Main Types1. Membranous epithelium- lining/ covering2. Glandular epithelium- secreting
Epithelial: Functions
1. Protection- ex. skin2. Sensory- ex. skin, nose, eye, ear3. Secretion- ex. hormones, digestive
juices, sweat4. Absorption- ex. small intestine, lungs5. Excretion- ex. urine, sweat
C. Characteristics
1. limited extracellular space (matrix); cells appear tightly packed
2. apical surface (free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ) & basement membrane (bottom surface connected to connective tissue)
Characteristics-(Continued)
3. avascular- no blood vessels; uses diffusion instead
4. innervated- contains nerve fibers
5. origin is ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal
6. high regeneration capacity
D. Classification of membranous epithelial
1. Cell Shapesa. Squamous- flat, roundb. Cuboidal- cubedc. Columnar- narrow cylinderd. Pseudostratified- one layer of odd-shaped columnar cells; appears appears to be more than one to be more than one layerlayer
Layers of Cells
Layers of Cells
a. Simple- single layer
b. Stratified- more than one layer
3. Cell Shapes & Layers of Cellsa. simple squamous-
ex. alveoli in lungs
b. simple cuboidal-
ex. glands, kidney
c. simple columnar-
ex. golbet cells, cilia,
microvilli
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Absorption Secretion Filtration
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Glands, ducts Walls of the kidney
tubules Surface of the
ovaries
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Goblet cells secrete mucus that aids in the function of respiratory system
Pseudostratified columnar ex. goblet cells, respiratory
All the cells rest on the basement membrane
Since some of the cells are shorter then others, the nuclei appear at different heights
Stratified Squamous (keratinized and non-keratinized)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Most common stratified epithelium in the body
Squamous at the free edge and columnar or cuboidal at the basement membrane
Sites of abuse or friction: esophagus, mouth and outer portion of the skin, the outer surface of skin is keratinized (surface cells contain keratin, a tough protective protein)
Keratinized vs. Nonkeratinized
Stratified Cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal
and Columnar Epithelium usually just two cell layers
Fairly rare in the body; mainly ducts of large glands Sweat glands Mammary glands
Transitional Epithelium
highly modified stratified squamous: urinary bladder, ureters, urethra.
All these organs are part of the urinary system and are subject to considerable stretching
Section 2 vocab: common suffixes
-ac, -al, -ary, -ic, -tic, -ous: pertaining to/related to
-ad: derived from -algia: pain -cele: hernia -centesis: puncturing -ectomy: cutting out -iasis: a process or its results -itis: inflammation -ium: diminuitive, small -ize: to make into -lysis: break down -oid: resembling, like
-oma: tumor/cancer -osis: denotes states or
condition -ous: possessing, full of -plasty: molding, forming -rrhea: flow -sect: to cut, divide -sia, -sis, -tion, -y:
action/condition -stomy: make an artificial
opening -tomy: to cut
Three Week Schedule9/8- Gladular Epithelial tissue; Scope Work9/9- Quiz (Epithelial tissue); Connective Tissue & Muscle tissue9/10- Scope Work (Sub day)9/11- Nervous Tissue; Scope Work9/12- Vocab quiz (2); Microscope work (no lecture)
9/15- Integumentary Notes, Scope work9/16- Integ. Notes, Tissues Review, Scope work9/17- Tissue Practicum Quiz, Tissue Packet Due9/18- Finish Integ Notes; Lab activity 9/19- Vocab Quiz (3), Disease & Disorder Lecture (End 1st 6 wks)
9/22- Review for Test 9/23- Tissue/IntegumentaryTest9/24- Bones/Skeletal Lecture9/25- Bones Discussion and Identification9/26- Vocab Quiz (5), Bones Lab
Glandular Epithelium
Gland: one or more cells that make and secrete a product
Secretion: protein molecule in aqueous fluid [some secrete a lipid or steroid rich secretion]
Classification of glandular epithelial tissue
1. Cell Number
a. Unicellular glands- single cells
ex. goblet cells- mucus
b. multicellular glands- clusters of cells;
ex. mammary ducts- milk
Classification of glandular epithelial tissue
2. Discharge methoda. Exocrine glands – secrete into duct
ex. saliva, sebaceous, mammary, sweat
b. Endocrine glands - ductless; secrete hormones into bloodstreamex. pituitary gland, thyroid, ovary, testes, adrenal,
pancreas
Glandular Epithelium
Endocrine: ( internal secreting) ductless; all hormone
secretions directly into the blood or lymphatics (secrete by the process of exocytosis)
thyroid; adrenals; pituitary
Multicellular Exocrine Glands
Two basic parts:DuctSecretory unit
that consists of secretory cells called acini
Modes of secretion Merocrine glands-
exocytosis (pancreas, salivary
glands, sweat glands) Holocrine Glands-
rupture (Sebaceous oil glands
of the skin)
Epithelial tissue overviewEpithelial
Simple Stratified Pseudostratified
Squamous Cubodial Columnar ciliated nonciliatedtransitional
cubodial
columnar
squamous
keratinized
nonkeratinized
ciliated
nonciliated