Tm-3-300 1956 Ground Chemical

TM 3tr300DEPART]t|E]IT OF Il|E ARl,|Y TECIIl{ICAT [|A}IUAt

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CHEMICAL

MI]1\ITIOI\S

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

AGO .t8?B-.IulY

AUCUST 1956

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*TM 3-300

TncHNrcAL Manual I DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYNo. 3-300 | WnsHTNGToN 25, D. C., 1I* August 1956

GROUND CHEMICAL MUNITIONS

INTRODUCTION

SMOKE POTS

Generat------Pot, Smoke, HC, M1-Pot, Smoke, HC, 30-1b., M5-Pot, Smoke, Floating, HC, M4A2-Pots, Smoke, Floating SGF2, AN-M?, and

Pot, Smoke, Floating, SGF2, Mk 5 Mod 2.

Parag:raphs Ptge

L-4 3CrraptnR 1.

2.

Section f.II.

III.IV.V.

Crrarrun 4.

Section f.Ir.

III.IV.v.

VI.

CnlmnR 3. CHEMICAL HAND GRENADESSection f. General------

II. Grenade, Hand, Irritant, CN-DM, 61---fff. Grenade, Hand, Tear, CN, M7A1-fV. Grenade, Hand, Tear, CN, M7--V. Grenade, Hand, Riot, CN, M2541

Vf. Grenade, Hand, Smoke,'WP, M15---VII. Grenade, Hand, Smoke, HC, AN-M8-----

VIII. Grenade, Hand, Colored Smoke, M18--fX. Grenade, Hand, fncendiary, THg AN-ML4-----X. Adapter, Grenade Projection, Chemical, M2A1-

FIRE STARTERS AND INCENDIARIESStarter, Fire, M1---Starter, Fire, M2---Incendiary, Safe Destroying, TH1, MlA1-Incendiary, Safe Destroying, TH1, M1A2-Incendiary, Equipment Destroying,

TH1, M2A1.Incendiary, File DestroV€r, M4---- 104-110

111-119

L20-L23

Cnaprnn 5. ONE-GALLON CHEMICAL LAND MINE-

6. FIRING COMPONENTS, ACCESSORIES,AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS.

,1. SIIIPMENT AND STORAGE- T24_126

+'l'lrlr nlnnutrl xupr.rxr.(l(.H'l'M 3-:l0lf, ll-r Mnrch 1950. including C l, lt June lgSZ.

A( i( ) 4:r7ll

5-1011-1415-18L9-2223-28

29-3536-404L-4546,4748-5253-5758-6263-6768-7576-79

80-8384-8788-9394-97

98-103

611

L41619

273134353638404L4349

51

54,

555758

60

64

69

81

-

T

I

I

8. EVACUATION ANDPREVENT ENEMY

DESTRUCTION TOUSE.

Paragraphs

L27-L}L

Puge

84

87

89

90

93

TPENDIX I. REFERENCES

II. QUANTITY-DISTANCE STORAGETABLES.

III. GROUND CHEMICAL MUNITIONSFILLED BY CHEMICAL CORPS.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

l. Purpose ond Scope

This manual describes ground chemical munitions and gives infor-mation on their handling, functioning, storage, shipment, and cle-struction.

2. Record ond Report Forms

a,. DA Form 468 (Unsatisfactory Equipment Report). This formis used for reporting defects in design, manufacture, or operation ofmateriel, with a view to correcting such defects. It is also used forrecommending moclifications of rnuteriel.

b. DD F orm 6 (Reltort of Damagecl or Improper Shiprnent). Thisform is r-rsed for reporting clamages incurred in transit.

3. Mqrkings on Chemicol Munitions

a. Body Color'. The bodies of chemical munitions are painted grayin conformity with standard markings for munitions.

b. Markirtgs.( 1) One or two colored bands painted on the munition ( or on

the container in the case of the M25A1 grenade) indicatethe type of chemical filling in accordance with the followingcode :

ll'ylttr of ltlling l\tum,ber ancl color of bartclsNonpersistent war gas _One green bandPersistent war gas Two green bandsSpecial-purpose agents--- -one red bandSmoke One yellow bandIncendiary_ __-One purple band

(2) The Chemical Corps symbol for the filling, the manuf ac-turer's lot number, the date of filling, and other pertinentinformation are stenciled on the munition in the same coloras the bancl.

4. Fillings for Ground chemicol Munitions(( . \l'u t' ( itt,s('.s. WrtrIt. Slrr '('iu l- | 'u t'l)( )::(,

:t t'(' ltscrl ;rl'irrr;u'ilr' l'or'

Ar:(| t.ril!

ltrrses are described fully in TM g-215.

A 11t'l/1.s. Sller:ial-purlx)se a.r{ents (TM B-zlb)I r':rirrirrg ;rrrrl riot (.olrl,r'ol.

A(l() lil'/lt

(1) Vontiting {J(rs(s. Vonriting girses are normally solids whichvaporize wht:rr hcirl,erl, forming toxic aerosols. Adamsite( DM ) , the stunrlurd vomiting g&s, is used in ground chemi-carl munitions only in combination with CN ( (2) below) .

(2) Tee,r geses. Tear gases are either solids which are burnedto form an irritant vapor or liquids which are vaporizedby a bursting-type munition. Tear gases used in chemicalmunitions are chloroactetophenone ( CN ) , which is a solidused to fill grenades; and CNB, CNC, and CNS, which areliquids used in shell and spray tzrnks.

c. Strr okes. Smoke-producing agents (TM 3-215) used in groundchemical munitions al'e-

(1) HC smoke nti.t'tt(7'(. HC smoke mixture consists of a mix-ture of hexachloroethane, zinc oxide, and grained aluminum.Type C mixture contains approximately 47 percent hexa-chloroethane, 47 percent zinc oxide, ancl 6 percent grainedaluminLlm. In other types of HC mixtures, the proportionof hexachloroethane to aluminum is varied to control burn-ing times.

(2) Wldte pltosphot"otts. White phosphorous (WP) is a chemi-cal which ignites spontaneously when exposed to the air,giving off a dense white smoke.

(3) Colorecl smoke mirtu"?"es. Colored smoke mixtures are com-posed of baking soda, potassium chlorate, sugar, and a dye.The type of dye determines the color of the smoke.

( 4) :: l,:;:Ji: ilI,:: e*'J;l';;il :ir,H:,r.f,'"Hffi t d#;rure used. SGF1 is the thicker of the two and has a viscosityrul)l)r'oximately the same as SAE 40 motor oil. The viscosity

;i, ffff.'i: fi-':Ti:Li'il in'i"T' Ji frffi T#'ffi1;lrots rll'c to be openrtecl at low temperatures.

d. IytceTtdiul'11 F.'illitttls. Incendiat'y fillings used in ground chemicalmunitions are:

( 1) Thernfite-base nfirt,ures.(a) THl themnite. TH1 thermite is a mixture of powdered

iron oxide and powdered aluminum. The mixture burnsat approximately 4,000'F., and releases white-hotmolten iron which acts as a heat reservoir and ignitescombustible material with which it comes in contact.

(b) THP ancl THS t,her'?ttete. TH3 thermute, the standurrlthermate filling fol' incurtli:u'v nrurrilir)n,s, is :r rrrixl,uxrof th(.I'nlilc, lxtt'ittttt ttilt';rlt', :rttrl srrllrlrrrr irr ;rrr oil lrirrrlt,r'.

It has improved incendiary characteristics over thermiteand, because of the binder, is more easily loaded into mu-

' nitions. TH2 is an early version of thermate and is lim-ited standard.

(2) White phosTthorous. White phosphorous (WP), (c above),has limited incendiary effect caused by the heat evolvedwhen the WP bLlrns.

(3) Thickenecl ke?'osene. Kerosene thickened to a gel with Mlthickener (TM 3-366) is used as a filling in the Ml and M2fire starters (pars. 80-87). The gel ignites easily and burnsrelatively slowly.

\(:rf ,t t;lr

-:

CN

=O9ffi=6x{NUI

t*3nrs s e66X\/Xsi.= d

E*HHsF5€A. 15 -

- E J 6 :f.g -r-E E 5 \ tl' O/ri rf a 5 E'$l r' J:;5 a'S,fi X Hg I ,.q g.L\Y (D

E = X I E Rp3 a' .o; o :

=S F3.as $ co

EE iie-En1q F g;= € € p 3 a =.,-, a F+T; A

= I

S'=58:hP S- -F€ F $ Fs H' '

,:5oa 5 ='E X OE_3=1fri 2

=egif5 E-t-H.Ei.

bt rsyJ H F lr=:*5

!e

='Fo ii''!efr: + 6 E, 3

="ni +=.+F6HlyisAqSE€

r-rx d E F XVx F .o E+S- 5-,oo ffoq E

sHFFFE

F"

Table I. Sntolee Pots

-: Filling

-tnroke pot

Containersizetin.t

Pot. sntoke,i

HC, i g Uv \t/z dia

I

I

i

JI1.

Pot, srnoke, HC, 9L/z by 8Yz

dia.30-1b., M5.

Pot, smoke, float-ing, HC,lI4A2.

Pot, smoke, float- i ----do----ing, SGF2,AN-M7.

Pot, smoke, float-ing, SGF2, Mk5 Mod 2.

Type C HCsmoke mixture.

do-------

SGFz(4)

Match head andscratcher block

(1)

Match head andscratcher block

or

L2

33

electricalM207AL floating 38

smoke pot fuze.

M208 floating 26.5

smoke pot fuze ( 5 )

orM209 electric

floating smokepot fuze.

25.5(3)

weight I(rb) I

MaterialIgnitionmethod

Burn-ingtime(min )

Unitspercon-

tainer

Tvpeof

container

13 by 12

dia.

gtTr-LL

28-34

23Yz

27 7/z

13-14(2)

(1) May be modified for electric firing.(z) Shipped unfilled and w/o fuze.1s) Filled weight, 39 lb.

1e) Filling for normal temperatures. See table II for hot- and cold-weather fillings.1s) Filled weight, 40 lb.

Wood box

\

6. Sofety Precqutions

Observe the following safety precautions when firing smoke pots:a. When igniting a smoke pot manually, keep the head well to one

side of the top of the pot and out of the wa,;r of possible sparks orflame.

l). Keep personnel at least 5 feet away from burning smoke pots toavoid flying sparks.

c. Wear a protective mask in heavy concentrations of smoke orwhen subjected to light concentrations for more than 10 minutes.

d. When training with smoke pots, tuke precautionary measuresagainst accidental fires.

7. Methods of Firing

((,. Singlle Ignition. Smoke pots can be ignited singly by using themettlls of ignition supplied with each pot. The M1 smoke pot (pars.11-14) is designed for manLral ignition br"rt may be modifled for elec-bric ignition. The M5 smoke pot (pars. 15-18) has an integral elec-l.r'ic ignition device in addition to a friction igniter and ean be ignited:ither manually or electrically. Floating smoke pots (pars. 19-28)tre ignited by igniting fuzes. Two of the floating smoke pots, theAN-M7 and the Mk 5 Mod 2, can be fitted rn'ith M209 electric floatingimoke pot fuzes for electric ignition. Refer to paragraphs I20:hrough I23 for information on electric ignition.

b. M'ulti'ple Ignition. When a number of NIl or M5 smoke pots mustre ignited simultaneollsly at different locations, they can be prepared['ol' electric ignition and connected into an electric firing circuit aslescribecl in paragraphs 13b and L7b. The AN-M7 and Mk 5 Mod 2Iottt,ing smoke pots can also be ignited electrically in multiple whenhe M20f) l'uze is used.

('. ('lrttitt Itltrititttt. A number of M1 or M5 smoke pots can be ar-'rtltlte(l to igrrite in sLrccession, thus providing smoke for a longerreriocl thttn is llossible using Lt single 1tot. To accomplish chain igni-;ion, the pots cun be placecl in stacks (fiS. 1) and one pot in the stackgnited, or thel, can be laicl on their sicles (fig. 2), end to encl, and onerot ignited. Prior to stacking, the outer covers must be removed fromrll pots so that the igniting devices are exposed. Whether the pots are;tacked vertically or laid on their sides, the heat generated by onerurning pot in a series ignites the adjacent pot. When M1 smokerots are stacked vertically, supports must be provided for stability.fhe M5 smoke pot is especially designed for vertical stackihg, ancl)ecaLlse the bottom of one pot fits snugly into the top of the one belog,t, no support is requirecl. The total burning time of :r series of smol<elots ignitecl b)' chain ignitirtn is siight h' lt'ss lh:ur llrt' slnrr ol' llrc

Figut'e 7. Smoke pots stackecl uertically.

individual burning times, since each pot ignites shortly before thepot ignitecl previously is completely burned out.

8. Misfires

HC smoke pots which have misfired during normal ignition may be

ignited by placing the ignition device in the misfired pot next to aburning pot and igniting the misfired pot by chain ignition (par. 7c).It is advisable to use a 4- to 6-foot pole when moving a misfired potimmedizrtely following the first ignition attempt. After 5 minutes,the misfirecl pot czrn be moved safely by hand.

9. Conceoling Glore of Burning Pots

Wlrr,rr llrr, lrrcl it':rl siltr:rl,ion re(luire,s that the glare from a burningsrnolir, ;r,I lrr' ('()n('(';llcrl, l slrit'ltl ntttsl, lrc inrl)roviscd. The shielcl

,\r;(f 11,'lt

llrll-----Tt.

I

I

rl\l

ta, I

\J- -

FigLtt'c:J. ]ltlctltrxls of co)tc('&litryl glut'r,.f t'ont brrt'tritrg sntok(.,pots.

the zone of interior mLlst be lnu(le in lcr:or'(lrrrrcc \,vith rrl)plicable In-terstate Commerce Commission reglll:rtions f ol' fireu,rlrks. Overseashipment.s mLlst comply with instructions containecl in SR 55-730-10.

Section ll. POT, SMOKE, HC, MlI l. Generql

See paragraphs 5 thror-rgh 10 for general information on smokepots.

12. Description

The M1 smoke pot (flg. 4) is a cylindrical sheet-metal container,\r/-t inches in cliameter by 9 inches high, fillecl with gt/z to 11 pounclsof type C HC ,-smoke mixtr-rre and provided with an ignition device. Aremovable outer cover, u'hich protects the contents during storageand shipment, is clamped to the top of the pot by a metal clamp anclis sealecl with aclhesive tape. A nonremovable inner cover with ahole in its center covers the filling. A plastic cLlp containing a startermixture is embedded in the filling clirectly under the hole in the innercover. A match heacl is centered in the hole in the inner cover, incontitct with the starter mixture. A scratcher block in a paper en-vclolle is puckerl lretureen the outer ancl inner covers.

13. Op"rotion ond Functioning

(t.lllrttrrrttl.( l; ,Sitt,ll,. 'l'r, l)l'('lr;rt'r'lltc l\ll stnolir, llol ['or r]r:rrrrr:rl igrri1 iorr,

tl

I

IA{T\ \------:f A-/ \\ I I I Iilt ll l t t lt(f I | , , t J\\rttrta

\-3t-F

Figure 2. Smoke pots stacked horizontally.

rust permit the smoke to escape freely while concealing the glarevur off by the pot. The burning pot can be placed under a 55-gal-r) rlnrm (A, fig. 3), in a covered trench (8, fig. 3), or the glare can

('onceulecl b.y other field expedients. Neither the 55-gallon drumrr l hc t rt'rtcrh will completel.y screen the light from the burning pots.rrt,hcl', r,r,hen u but'ning smoke pot is enclosed in a shield, slightlyis smol<c is cnritt,crl thun frt)m irn unshielded pot;hence compensa-)n must bc murle l'or the rerluction in smoke b.y the use of additionalroke pots.

cL. S|-Gallon Drutn Mcthocl (A, Fig. 3). Cut a l4-inch-diameterle in the center of one head of the drum and a G-inch-diameter off-nter hole in the other head. Place drum on blocks over smoke pot.

b. Couered Trench Metltod (8, Fig. 3). Dig a trench, 3/2feet long,ioot wide, and 3 feet deep. Place smoke pot on its side in the trenchd cover trench with available materials, such as wood from pack-

3 boxes. Leave two 6-inch-wide openings for emission of the smoke.

). Storoge ond Shipment

F illed smoke pots are group D c:hemical murtitions. See l)iu':rgl'irphs4 and L25 for storuge infot'miltirlrt. Shilrnrcttts ol' snrol<(' l)ol s \r,ilhirr

\(;( )

HANDLESCRATCHER BLOCK

IN ENVELOPE

MATCFI

$TAftTE R

M IXTURE

Fi:Ll-lNG

Figtn'a 4- Ml HC stn"oke Pot'

strip off the adhesive tape ancl clamp. Remove the outer

covel., exposing the mafch head, ancl take the scratcher

lrkrck from its envelope. To ignite, clraw the scratcher

ltltlckt":rllitlll,acrossthematchhead.Thematchheadigrit.s th. str'"tel. mixture, u,hich in turn ignites the Hc

{illi.!t. Al'tgr.it tlcluv of zrpProximzrtell'10 seconds, smoke is

l)1.(xlucctl l'or. f-l t0 .q mitrtttes.

(z) clrn,itr. llenrovc thc ,ut,er co\,'el's from the required number

of pots, stack the pots vertic.lly or lay them end-to-end

horlizontally, and ignite one pot (par' 7 c) '

b . Electric.(1) The rvll flash-vented electric squib (par. r?ra) is used to

ignite the M1 smoke pot electrically. (This sqr"rib is not a

component of the M1 smoke pot ; it is issued separately. )

preparation for electric ignition is explained in (2) below

and illustrated in figure 5. To ignite the pot, connect the

lead wires from the squib to a source of electric cttrrent.

power soLirces, wire, ancl u'iring for electric ignition are

cliscussed in paragraphs 720 tht"ortgh 12:"'

(Z) To 'l.e'are

the M1 smokt' pol l'ol' t'lt'('1 t'it' ig'rriliotl, l'('nlo\'(l

lirlla, r.l:rnr1r, :rrtrl ('o\'('r' ( A, litt. 5 ) . lictll()\'(' st':tlirrl'; ('olll-

pound, using clamp as a scraper (B). Place squib beside

match head with one hole in squib facing match head (C).Cover squib and match head with a piece of the waterprooftape which was removed from cover. Tape squib lead wiresto cover with a second piece of tape ( C ) . Make a shallowdent in lip of cover ( D ) , then press cover firmly in place,

allowing squib lead wires to pass under dent. Seal junction

between pot and cover with sealing compound, using clampas an applicator (E). Make a half hitch around pot withsquib lead wires ( F ) . Fasten clamp around pot, above halfhitch in squib lead wires, to hold wires in place (F).

---/-'

/\.' \\.+'-

l'/t./tN-'r\-

'---J ,/-

F igrtra 5. Preparirtg the M 1 HC stnoke pot f or elactric igtrit,iotr.

| 4. Pocking

'l'ln'r,r' l\l I stttolit' pol s :tt'(' l);l('ltt'tl irttt t'illlrrl lS l)('llttrlrl :tttrl rlirlpl;tt't':r 0.1) t'ttlrit'

rr u'oorl lrrlr. A box of llotsI'oo| .

\t;r ) l'l'''ltt:|

Section lll. POT, SMOKE, HC, 30-18., M5

15. Generol

See paragraphs 5 through 10 for general information on smokelots.

16. Description

a,. The M5 smoke pot (figs. 6 and 7) is a cylindrical sheet-metalrontainer, 81/z inches in diameter by gt/t inches high, filled with ap-lroximately 30 pounds of type C HC smoke mixture and 1 pound of'ast-burning smoke mixture ancl provided with an ignition device.fhe bottom of the container is taperecl to a cliameter of. 8r/+ inches torermit stable stacking.

b. The pot is covered by a nonremovable outer cover with a cir-,ular tear strip. Two binding posts, which are mounted on the outerover, are connected internally by two lead wires to two electricquibs. (Pots produced before Aurgust 1954 have only one internalquib. ) A carrying handle is mounted on the outer cover. An innerover with a circular hole in its center covers the filling. A plasticLlp containing a starter mixtLlre is embedcled in the top of the fillingtnder the hole in the inner cover. A match head which is centeredbove the starter mixture is accessible rn'hen the tear strip is re-

ELSCTRIC SQU'IF

MATCH I.IEAD

ST.AfrTER [4IXTUfrE

rnoved. A scratcher block in a paper envelope is packed between theinner and outer covers.

17. Operotion ond Functioninga. Manx?,tcll.

( 1) Single. To prepare an M5 smoke pot for manual ingnition(fig. 7) , remove the tear strip by pulling the tear striphandle upward, and remove the scratcher block from itsenvelope. To ignite the pot, draw the scratcher blockquickly across the match head. Flame from the match headtravels to the starter mixture, which in turn ignites the HC

TEAR STRIP HAN DLE

TEAR STRIP

ELEf,TRIC SQUIB

BIN DING FOST

E NV ELO PT

$CRATCHERBLOC K

'MATCH I-IEAD

l" i t/ tt t'r' ')'.

,,\ ( :|l l;r i li

F:l;Lf.l:Hf3

ltrt | .

l5

filling. After a delay of 20 to 30 seconds, smoke is producedfor 12 to 22 minutes.

(2) Chuin Remove tear strips from all pots; then stack the pots(par. 7 c) by fitting the bottom of one into the top of thenext. Stacks rnsy be either vertical or horizontal. When thestack is complete, ignite the end pot.

b. Elech'ic. M5 smoke pots may be ignited singly or in multipler electric ignition. See paragraphs 720 through 123 for informationr electric power sources, wire, and wiring. To prepare for electric'nition, connect wires from the power source to the binding posts.tt is not necess ary to remove the tear strip when firing pots elec-ically.) When the electric circuit is completecl, the squib ignitesre match heacl, which in turn ignites the starter mixture. The burn-g starter mixture ignites the HC filling which generates sufficientnt to soften the solder holding the tezrr strip. Internal pressureows off the tear strip, allowing the smoke to escape. When neces-trY, a 11/2-volt flashlight battery (BA 30) can be used to ignite angle pot. To ignite the pot, attach or hold a 1-foot piece of wire tote center terminal of the battery, rest the base of the battery on onethe binding posts, and touch the other end of the wire to the other

nding post, closing the circuit.lVurning: Move a\ /ay from the M5 pot within 10 seconds afterniting it electrically, as the tear strip may be blown off with explo-rre force.

]. Pocking

'l'hc lVII-r stnttl<e pot is packed individually in a wood box. A boxttt,ltirrirlg otlo lrot u'cighs 47 pounds and displaces 1.1 cubic feet.

Section lV.

). Generol

See paragraphs 5,ts.

). Description

POT, SMOKE, FLOATING, HC, M4A2

through 10 for general information on smoke

o". The M4A2 floating smoke pot (fig. 8) is a metal container, Iz:hes in diameter by 13 inches high. The lower third of the potntains 231/t to 271/z pounds of HC smoke mixture. A waterproofter cover secured to the pot by a quick-release clamp keeps moisturet of the pot and protects the fuze. A steel carr.yin.r4 handle is at-:hed to the outer cover. A dish-shrtllerl inttel'covol'('ovu's i,6t,fillip.q.cl provirles tI motttttittg l'ol' lt l'ttr,( il rl;rlrlcl'. 'l'ln'(,(, \'r,lrl lrolr,s irr l,lrt,

*ioR.q)

^Qoss

' CrJ

bJ,S' 'c):*)

rjo,B.oNsr{r+N

rqip(\s

..3iF\

FAr6=

lr.fE3Fx=clrlF0r

Fu)

IrbJzaFu.lIr

tr.t@3FE,rdbzg

tl.tN3b,-

(.} lrlz,z,E

3ai-'d3

n (:( ) l:l'i ltl7

tner cover are covered with adhesive tape. A steel handle is attached) the inner cover for carrying the smoke pot after the outer coveras been removed.

b. Starter mixture in a plastic cLlp is embedcled in the smoke mix-rre. The filling is separated from the air chamber above it by a

lastic closure disk held in place by a metal retainer.

c. The M207A1 floating smoke pot fvrze (fig.9) is screwed into thetze adapter in the inner cover. An igniter tr-rbe extends downwardrom the lower end of the fuze aclapter to the starter mixture.

STRIKERSPRING

PRIMER

STRIKER

FIRSTFIRE

CHARGE

[''itltrt't'!).lll:tt]'r1 | llttrtlittll stttrtl;c ltttt .f ttzc.

il. Operotion ond Functioning

Remove the quick-release clamit and outer cover, exposing the fuze.Iold the safety lever (fuze lever ) firmly against the fuze body andvithdraw the safety pin (fig. 10). Lift the pot by its handle andlrop it into the water, releasing the safety lever. When the safetyever is released, the striker (flg. 9), driven by the striker spring,rits the primer. The primer ignites the first-fire charge, which inurn ignites the delay charge. After L.2 to 2 seconds, the clelay chargegnites the ignition charge, completing the fuze action. Flame fronl;he ignition charge travels through the ignitet' tulre to 1 hc st:t t'lcr'

nixture, tvhich in turn igrrites tht'l[('' lilling. I't't'sslu'('lrrrilrls ltl)

inside the pot and blows off the adhesive tape covering the vents inthe inner cover. Total delay time from release of the safety lever

until smoke procluction begins is 10 to 20 seconds. The M4A2 smoke

pot burns from 10 to 15 minutes.

22. Pocking

M4AZ floating smoke pots are packed individually in either a woodbox or a steel drum. The wood box containing one pot weights 47

pounds and displaces 2.0 cubic feet. The steel drum has a removable

steel cover which is held in place by a closing ring. A packed steel

drum weighs 48 pounds and displaces 2.1 cubic feet.

Figure 70. Fh'fug th,e MIAZ fl.oating stnoke pot.

Section V. POT, SMOKE, FLOATING, SGF2, AN-M7,AND POT, SMOKE, FLOATING, SGF2, MK 5 MOD 2

23. Description

a. BocliT. The body of the AN-M7 floating smoke pot (fig. 11) is ametal container 12 inches in diameter by 13 inches high. The upperlrortion of the bocly is ribbed; the base of the body is slightly taperedI o l'irt'ililrrt.c sl rrt'k ing in storage. An outer cover with a carryingIrlurrllr,:rll:rclrt,rl is l';rslt,nt'rl 1,o thc ltot ll.y tt t"ittg clamp. A dish-shapedirrrr(,r'('o\'(,r' (firIr. l:J ;rrrrl :i, fig. l:i) u'ilh l (':u'l'J,'ing hitnrlle trttached

IB ,\(;(t l,till l9

s fastened to the body by h-rgs and steel strapping. A fuze adapter2, fig. 13 ) in the center of the inner cover provides a seat for theuze (18). Three rzent holes spaced equalll' around the fuze adapterrrovide outlets for the smoke. When the pot is shipped, the vent holes,re sealed with aclhesive tape, ancl a plastic plug (fig. L2) is screwednto the fuze opening in the adapter.

I,'i!/rt t',' I l. A l,l-tr1'i S(][''J lloutitrg stttol;c pot.

b. I'ntct'lttt'. Arr itil't'lrrrnrlrcr' (,1, Iijl'. 1:l) lleklu, the inner cover (B)ccupies the Llpl)el' thiltl ol' t,hc lrorl1,. '['hl'ee sink holes (5) , l/tt inchr cliameter, al'e cttt in the sitle of' the zrir chamber, ancl are sealecJ'ith a low-melting-point solder'. An oil chamber ( 8 ) , is directly belowte air chamber ancl is separated from it b;, an air partition (1?).'he oil chamber extends to the bottom of the pot. A filling hole (I4)r the side of the container, u'hich is usecl rvhen filling the pot withlg oil prior to use, is closecl by zr screw plug. Insicle the oil chamber,fuel chamber assembly consisting of a fr-rel chamber (I2) , venturirbe (16), pressLrre tube (6), and oil-feed tube (15) is crimpecl tore bottom of the bocl;t ancl sealecl with a plastic compoLlnd. The fuelramber contains a fuel block ( 9 ) u'hich cottsists of silo\,,-l)p plr i rrlS'

rel mixture covererl b.v a thirr lrrvet' ol' l'rrsl-l)urrrirr{r l'rrt'l nrirlrn.r,.he fuel nrirtrtl'('s ttl'o ('ontl)()s(r(l ol'\'lu'\'irrrt l)r'()l)()r'l ions ()l';rpllrerrirrrrr

PLASTICPLUG

F igure 72. Al{-M7 floating s'tnol;e pot tuitlt, o?tter coaer rentoued.

nitrate, charcoal, and \ /ax. A doughnr-rt-shaped ring of starter mix-ture (10) is embedded in the top of the fuel block. The venturi tubeextends from the top of the fuel chamber, through the oil chamber,and into the air chamber. The oil-feed tr-rbe is connected to the side

of the venturi tube and extencls to the bottom of the fog oil chamber,where it is coverecl b5, a screen (13). The point of connection betweenthe oil-feed tube ancl the venturi tube is sealed rvith a lou'-melting-point solder seal ( 11 ) . The pressLrre tube is connected to the top ofthe fuel chamber ancl ertencls above the surface of the oil in the oilchamber. The fr-rel chamber encl of the pressLlre tube also is sealed

u,ith a lou'-melting-point solder seal (7 ) .

c. Fuzes. Either an M208 floating smoke pot fuze (fig.L4) or an

M209 electric floating smoke pot fuze (fig. 15) may be used to ignitethe smoke pot.

24. Filling qnd Fuzing

'l'hc AN-NTT floatilrg smoke ltot is normalll'shipped to the Nav;r andle llrt,Arrrrv t'lrt'rrrit':rl tlt'1tots rrnlilletl utrd uufttzed. trog oil and fuzes:ll'(, rrlril)l)('(l rrr'l);lt';tlt'lt. I'ols tls('(l lll' thc Nttt'1, tlfe lormally filled:rrrrl l'rrzr,rl on rlrilrlro;rt'r I ittttttt'tli:tlt'lt'frt'l'ol't'lls('. 'l'hosct nsc(l llv thc

?r

IN hI ERCOVER

RING CLAMP OUTER COVER

n (:t ) .t:t'ilt

FIRSTFIRE

CHAR6E

LEVER

IGNITIONCHARGE

DELAYCHARGE

1 Outer cover2 Fuze adapter:l Inner cover4 Air chamberf> Sink holes(; Pressure tube7 Solrler sealfi Oil <.h:rmber':) l,'rrcl lrlocli

10 Starter mixture11 Solder sealLZ Fuel chamber13 ScreenL4 Filling hole and plug15 Oil-feed bube16 Venturi tube17 Air partition18 Fuze

Figure 1[. M20S floattng snr,oke pot fztze.

Ta,ble II. Filling for Tltet'ntul Generator Smoke Pots

Operating temperature ( " [.'. I Reconr menclecl filling

Above 90

Zero to 90Zero to -25-25 to -40

SGFlSGF23 parts SGF2, 1 part keroseneEqual parts SGF2 and kerosene

m.y tu'e fillctl :rrrrl l'ttzt'rl :rt t'hcmicirl rlellclts before issue to using:anizations.r,. The oil filling procerlLrre mu)' be \/uriecl clepending on the avail-le facilities and on the number of pots to be filled. When filling age number of pots at one time, it may be desirable to connect sev-tl drums of oil to a filling manifold having a nllmber of drawofftions. In a smaller operation, oil may be drawn directly from ave screwed into the end of an oil drum. See table II for the typefog oil or mixture to be used at various temperatures.

b. When filling a pot with oil, leave the outer cover clampecl on.I as follows:

(1) Lay the pot on its side rn,ith the filling holc rrl)lx'r'nrost iurrlplace chocks :tt lloth sirlcs to l)l'(,\I('nl llrr, lrol l'r'orrr rollirrt,,.

(2)

(3)

(4)

('. tl'( l

lllls('l'('\\'

,\(;(f l:,ll

Remove the filling plug and asbestos gasket from the pot.Keep the gasket in place on the plug to prevent its loss.

Pour oil into the oil chamber to the level of the bottom ofthe filling hole. Approximately L31/z pounds of oil will nllthe oil chamber to this level and will leave the necessar\,'void.

Screw the filling plug and gasket in the filling hole, andtirlhten the plug with a wrench.

l'tt't,t'tht'snrol<r'pot, l'(,move the ring clamp and outer cover,f lrr' 1rl;rslit' 1rlrr1'; l'r'orn tht' l'n't,t: irrl:rlrl el', trttrl screw an M208

c:::::..::::::'\::::: :::::

f',,, ':,\. i.:.:i::::::'

,i ' '::,,,

*\:.::; :::1

t1,,,,,,,,., .",.,.,.- J: '"'t:: :l

t:: .::

il,'ll:

lr:.i,,.i

1..,,,'l,,,

[l;:.::;i:ilsr]::::lr::::l{'i :

l''.. '

I

III

23

t^"! uo-oio

'":::;:";tH

I

WIRES

GASKET

PAPER SLEEVE

RESISTANCE WIRE[,DER CHARGE

IGNITION MIXTURE

Figure 15. MgOg elcctric floating sntoltc pot fuze.

rting smoke pot fuze or an M209 electric floating smoke pot fuzerdtight into the fuze opening in the adapter.V arning : Do not use pull ring or safety pin on fuze for lifting orrdling the pot. Do not remove the tape covering the smol<e-emis-n holes.

25. Op"rqtion

cL. On Water. Hold the fuze safety lever on the M208 fuze firmlyagainst the fuze body and withdraw the safety pin. Lift the pot by

its handle and drop it into the water, releasing the safety lever.

b. On Land.( 1) Manual ignition. Place the smoke pot in the desired location

and withdraw the safety pin, releasing the safety lever.

(2) Electric ignition Only smoke pots equipped with an M209

electric floating smoke pot fuze can be ignited electrically.

To ignite the pot electrically, connect the wires from the

fuzeto an electric firing circuit. See paragraphs 120 throughL23 for information on electric po\,ver sources, wire, and

wiring. When an electric current flows through the fuze,

the fuze ignites.

26. Functioning

a. With, M208 F'ttztt.

( 1) Fuze ctctirnt When the sufety lever is released, the striker,driven by the striker spring, hits the primer which ignites.Flame from the primer travels through the first-fire charg€,the delay charge, and ignites the ignition charge, complet-ing the fuze action.

(2) Generation of smoke. Flame from the ignition chargepasses down the venturi tube and ignites the starter mix-ture, which ignites the furel block. Hot gases from theburning fuel block pass upr,.-rard through the venturi tubeinto the air chamber. The solder seals in the pressure tubeand the venturi tube melt, allowing unobstructed flow of hotgases and fog oil. Pressure developed by hot gases in thefuel chamber is transmitted through the pressure tube to thesurface of the oil in the oil chamber and forces oil up theoil-feed tube and into the venturi tube. Hot combustiongases rushing past the constriction in the venturi tube va-porize oil from the oil-feed tube and carry it into the airchamber. Pressure in the air chamber blows the adhesivetape from the three vent holes in the inner cover and heatmelts the solder from the sink holes. As the vaporized oilescapes through the vent holes, it condenses and forms a

thick white smoke. Smoke production begins from 8 to 20

seconcls zrfter the ftrze safety lever is released and con-t,ingcs for 8 tcl 1jl minutes. While the fuel block is burning,

ir,i:';l i' ii l,, I I lil" i 1l : I l;l,l "iil1e

thc p;:, if [?lH' iflJ'ff:i::25

consunled, pressure inside the pot falls to atmospheric pres-sure, and water enters through the sink holes, causing thepot to sink.

b. With M209 Fuze. Current flowing through the resistance wirein the fuze heats the resistance wire, which ignites the powder charge.Ihe powder charge ignites the ignition mixture, completing the fuzerction. Flame from the fuze passes down the venturi tube and ignites;he starter mixture in the fuel block. The smoke pot then generatesimoke in the same way as when ignited by the M208 floating smokerct fuze (o above).

17. Pocking

The AN-M7 floating smoke pot is shipped to the Navy and to Army:hemical depots uncrated and witho ut fuze or fog oil filling. Fuze and:og oil are shipped separately.

!8. Mk 5 Mod 2 Flooting Smoke Pot

The Mk 5 Mod 2 floating smoke pot is identical with the AI{-M7loating smoke pot except that the exterior of the metal containers not ribbed and the void above the fuel block in the fuel chambers slightly smaller.

CHAPTER

CHEMICAL HAND

3

GRENADES

Section l. GENERAL

29. Scope

Section I of this chapter is applicable to all chemical hancl gre-nades; Sections II through X contain detailed descriptions of gre-nades and the chemical grenade projection adapter. Data for chemicalhand grenades are summ arized in table III. Chemical rifle grenadesare the responsibility of the Ordnance Corps ancl are covered in TM9-1900. Refer to table VII, opp€ndix III, for information on fillingsused in chemical rifle grenades.

27

Filling Fuze

Weisht(oz1

L0\'1

L2\b

LOlL

3Yz

15

19

LLt/z

261/z

I o.,'"|

(sec)

Burningtime(sec)

20-60

- - -do---

---do---

Bursts

Bursts(4)

105-150

50-90

40 max.

]Iaterial

CN_D}Itnix-ture.

CN mix-ture.

----do---

----do---

WP(4)

ladiusl | | lstorag'of I lShiP-l lsroup

burst lunitsl pine I I (TM-(vd) | p"" I weight lCubaeel 3-250)

I box I rtu) I (cu ft)

|llll

Radiusl | | lStoraseof

16 33 0.8

16 35 0.8

16 33 0.8

50 60 2.0

2A 16 46 0.8

16 4L 0.8

16 34 0.8

Grenade

Grenade,hand,irritant,cN-DM,M6.

Grenade,hand,tear, CN,II7A1.

Grenade,hand, tear,CN, M7.

Grenade,hand, riot,CN,]I25A1.

Grenade,hand,smoke,wP, M15.

Ifse

_____do

_____do____

-----do----

Screening,casualty,or incen-diary.

Body

Cylindrical,thinmetal.

-do- -- -

Spherical,plastic.

Cylindrical,thinmetal.

IgnitingM201A1.

-----do

-----do

Integral

DetonatingM206A1.

(3)

L.2-2

--do-

--do--

l_.4-3

4-5

L.2-2

do-

--do-

1 red bandand no-mencla-ture inred.

-do----

None. Onered bandon con-tainer.

(1)l yellow

band andnomen-claturein yellow

-----do----

1 Signalling

Incendiary

Type C

HCsmokemix-ture.

Coloredsmokemix-ture.

(5)

TH2Therrnate

TH3Thermate

(7)

L7

L87/z

L7

7 t/z

31

25r/z

19

32

1 yellowband.Color ofsmokepaintedon topof body.

1 purpleband andnomen-claturein purple.

D

D

D

D

C

--:

I Sisnalling

lotI screen-

I ttg'

_____do____ IgnitingM201A1.

_____do____

D

D

t-i rena de,hand, in-c endia ry,AN_M14(;).

35(6)

16 47 0.8 D

r -r All grenade bodies except M25A1 are paintedgray. M25A1 is unpainted.

r : I For training and riot control.

1:],; Ordnance fuze. See TM 9-1900 and FM 23-30.141 Contains snpplementary bursting charge.1;1 Smoke colors are green, l'ed, yellow or violet.

1t-i,| When converted to bursting grenade.121 THB is standard filling. Grenades filled with

THz will be usecl until stock is exhausted.

}\)€

0. Purpose

Chemical hand grenades are chemical-filleci mr-rnitions designedrimarily to be thrown by the inclividual soldier or projectecl frornrifle or carbine using the M2A1 chemical grenacle projection aclap-r (pars. 76-79) . The range of a thrown grenade varies accorclingthe type of grenacle and the ability of the person throwing it. For

rample, the M25A1 CN grenade (par. 48), u'hich is light (31/ztnces), can be throrn'n approximately as far as a baseball. Theravier (20t7, oLlnces) AN-M14 grenade (par. 68) can be thrownrly a short distance. The range of a grenade fired from a launcherbetween the range of a grenacle thrown by hand and minimurn

ortar range. BLlrning grenacles may be placed b1' hand. Bursting'enades may be used as booby traps. For information on the tacticalie of chemical hancl grenacles, see FM 3-.5. The Llse of incencliary'enades for the destruction of classified clocuments is covered bvrectives isstted by the Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence.

| . Sofety Preco utions

Observe the following safety precaLrtions rvhen handling chemicalrnd grenades.

a. Have fire-fighting equipment readily available when trainingith chemical hancl grenacles.

D. Do not Llse pr"rll ring for lifting or handling grenacles.

(:. I)o ttot str:ike top of fuze with a harC object. A blow may ignitec l'trzc.

tl .lloltl t.ho s:tl't'l,\'leverr firmly against the body of the grenacle untilc gl'otutrlc is thrr)\\,t'I.

('. Do ttot, ig n il,c lxr rst ing ll'r'('i'rarles closer to persc)nnel than thetrsting ra(lius of tho !t'l'enirrle (t:rltle III) .

t. If an HC or coklrecl smoke grenade is activatecl accidentally,row it immediately. If it is droppecl, while activatecl, move quicklya safe distance.

g.If a WP grenade is activated accidentally while being held, throwand take cover. If it is droppecl, while activated, the 4- to 5-secondLZe delay allows time for the grenade to be picked up quickly anclrrown to a safe distance.

2. Misfires

Br.rrning-t.vpe grenacles which have misfirecl may be alll)l.oachcrlrd retrievecl after 5 mintttes. Misfit'ed lxrrsl irrg-1.\'lx' Itr.('lprrlt'sroulcl be clestl'tl1'tttl irt lllitt't'lr1'l)olr.llr rlislros:rl l)(,1'sonnr,l.

33. Op"rotion in Extreme Cold

ct. Functiortittg. Extreme cold does not affect the functioning ofchemical hancl grenades unless ice has formed u,here it will inter-fere with functioning of the fvze.

b. Efrectiaetless. Chemical hand grenacles tend to bury themselvesin deep snow, which clrastically recluces their effectiveness. When theground is coverecl by deep snow, place signalling or screening gre-

nades on a board or other insulating material, if possible. Throw orlaunch bursting grenades so that they burst before they strike thesurface of the snow.

c. Visibilitll. Red smoke has the best visibility against snow. Greensmoke is next, followed by violet and yellow. White smoke is leastvisible.

34. Storoge ond Shipment

See paragraphs 124 zrncl 125 for information on storing chemicalmunitions. Army regulations aud Interstette Commerce Commissionregulations govern the shipment of chemical hand grenades withinthe zone of interior. Oversea shipments should be made in compliancewith instructions containecl in SR 55-730-10, TM 3-250, and TM38-705.

35. Grenode Morking

Chemical grenades are marked as described in paragraph 3. Inaddition to the standard color rnarking, the top of each M18 grenade

is painted the color of the smoke produced by the grenade (par. 66).

Section ll. GRENADE, HAND, IRRITANT, CN-DM, M6

36. Description

The M6 CN-DM grenade (fig. 16) is essentially a cylindrical con-

tainer filled with L01/+ ounces of CN-DM mixture and fitted with anM201A1 grenade igniting fuze (fig. L7). The body of the grenade isa thin sheet-metal cylinder approximately 21/t inches in diameter by41h inches high, with 6 emis.qion holes in its top and 18 holes in itssides. The M201A1 ftrze is screwed into an adapter in the top of thegrenade. The CN-DM filling is a mixture of CN ( chloroacetophe-

none) , DM (adamsite), magnesium oxide, and smokeless powder.

'l'hc fillin.q' is coated with a starter which aids ignition. The emission

holcs ;r r'(' ('( )\/orcrl u'ith aclhesive tape to protect the filling fromtttoisl ttt'r'.

3r\(.r) t:;l:

FUEE

STARTERMI XTURE

FILLING

Figure 76. M6 CN-DM ht'itant hancl grenade.

. Operotion qnd Functioning

(.'l'lr t'ot('ittt1 (]t't'nrrdc. Holcl the grenade in the throwing hand with: sitl't't.t' lo\'('l' llrcsscrl fir'ml1' against the palm. Remove the safetyru'ith the l'r'('e hiurrl (fig. 18) and throu, the grenade. The M201A1:e (fig. 17) begitts to l'uttc:tion rvhen the grenade is thrown and the'ety lever is releuserl. Rele:tsirtg the safet.\, lever allows the strikerhit the primer, which ignifes a clela.y element which burns for L.22 seconds. Upon expiration of the clelay time, the delay elementrites the ignition mixture, which ignites the grenade starter mix-'e and grenade filling. The adhesive tape is blown off the emissiones and CN-DM gas is emitted for 20 to 60 seconds.

t. Lq,ttncldng Grena"de. The grenade may be launched from a riflecarbine by using the M2A1 grenade projection adapter (par. 76) .

First Aid

trxposure to the CN-DM gas emitted by this grenacle r,r,ill calrseniting and tear formation. Remove the ctrsualt.y to fresh :rit' (IlM-40).

PRIMER

DELAY ELEMENT

IGNITION MIXTURE

Figure 7'/. M901A1 grenacle

STRIKER SPRING

STRIKER

SAFETY LEVER

fuze.igtt ititzg

33

). Morking qnd Pqcking

cL. The body of the M6 grenade is painted with one red band,)menclature, lot number, and clate of filling.b. The M6 gl"enade is packaged in a sealed metal container. Sixteen

rntainers are packecl in a wood box which weighs 33 pounds whenled and clisplaces 0.8 cubic foot.

). Storqge ond Sh ipment

The M6 grenade is a grollp D chemical munition. See paragraphs24 and L25 for shipping and storage information.

Section lll. GRENADE, HA,ND, TEAR, CN, M7A1

| . Description

The M7A1 grenacle (fig. 19) is a cylindrical container filled with',t/z ounces of CN mixture and fittecl u'ith an M201A1 ignitin g ftrzeig. 17). The body of the grenacle is a thin sheet-rnetal cylinder, ap-'oximately 2t,/t inches in diameter bl' 41,,t inches high, rvith fournission holes in the top ancl one in the bottom. The M201A1 fuzescreu,ed into an aclapter in the top of the grenacle. The filling is airture of CN, sLlgar, potassium chlorate, potassium bicarbonate, ancl[ittcrll' divicled inert substance (diatomaceoLls earth). A tapered holelhc CN filling is lined with starter mixtLrre. The top of the filling:tlsr) ('o\/el'ecl r,l,ith starter mixtllre. The emission holes are coveredilh rrrlht'si\,e tape to protect the filling from moisture.

l. Op"rotion ond Functioning

((.'l'ltt'ot('ittt1 (lt'r'ttu(lr'. Holrl the grenade in the throwing hand withe sttl'ct1' l('v('r' ;lt'csst'rl fit'mlv agninst the palm. Remove the safetyn r,r'ith thc l'r'('o hitttrI (fig'. Iti) unrl throu, the grenade. The furzegins to futrctiott u,h('n the !tl'('llurle is throi\rll ancl the safety lever isleasecl. Releasing the s:tfct.\r lc,,et' allou,s the striker (fig. 17) tob the primer which ignites the I.2- to 2-seconcl delay element. Uponpiration of the delay time, the delay element ignites the ignitionixture, rn'hich ignites the grenacle starter mixture and grenade fil]-T. The adhesive tape is blown off the emission holes and CN gas isrittecl for 20 to 60 seconds.

b. Larnrclt,ing Gt'enctcle. The grenade may be launchecl from a riflecarbine by using the M2A1 grenade projection aclapter (par. 7G).

l. First Aid

The gas from this grenade u,ill cause tear formation. Rt'nrovo th,'stralt-v to frersh ilir' (lrM 21-40) .

FUZE

STAR TERMIXTURE

F IL LING

FitJtte 7g. Mf Al CIV tear lrancl grcndtle.

44. Morking ond Pocking

cL. The bocly of the M7A1 grenade is paintecl u'ith one recl bancl,nomenclature, Iot number, and date of filling.

b. The M7A1 grenade is packaged in a sealecl metal container.Sixteen containers are packecl in a woocl box which weighs 85 pounclswhen filled and displaces 0.8 cubic foot.


The M7A1 grenacle is a groLlp D chemical mr-rnition. See para-graphs 124 and I25 for shipping and storage information.

section lv. GRENADE, HAND, TEAR, cN , M7

46. Generol

'l'ho I\{7 gt'cttttrle is similar to the M7A1 grenacle, except that thel\17I'.1't'tt;rtlt'lttts l8 t'nrissiott holes in the sicles ancl none in the bottom,;rttrl l)l'o(lllt't's:tlrottl lr:tll'lrs rrrrr('h t,fft,r.tive CN.q-as as the i\42A1 gre-

35

ade. The M7 grenacle operates ancl fr"rnctions in the same manner

; the M7A1 grenade.

7. Morking qnd Pocking

rr. The bocl-r, of the I{7 ll'reltade is painted u'ith one recl trzttlrl, nomen-

ature, lot uumber', ztud clate of fillillg.1,r. The 1\{7 grenacle is pzrckagecl in a sealed metal container. Sixteen

rntainers are l,rackecl in a u,oocl bor rvhich u'eighs :l:l lloutrcls r,r'hen

lled and displaces 0.8 cubic foot.

Section V. GRENADE, HAND, RIOT, CN , M25Al

3. Description

The M2bA1 grenacle (fig.20) is sphericzrl in shape aud is slightly,ss than 3 ilches in clizrmeter (alrproximatel.r, the size of a basellall).

he botly ( 6 ) , u'hich is macle of tu'o plastic hemispheres cemelltecl

together, contains an Llpper half -sleeve ( 5 ) , zrncl a lower half-sleeve(7), rvhich are parts of the tu'o plastic hemispheres. The half-sleevestogether fot'm a fvze u'ell. A closure plug (9) is screu,ed into thebottom of the fuze r,vell and a filling ph-rg (11) is screu'ecl into theside of the grenade. The filling (L2) consists of ?'t/t oLlnces of a mix-ture of mugnesium oxide ancl finely pulrrerizecl CN. An integral fnzern'ith a I.4- to 3r-seconcl clelaf is instzrllecl in the fvrze well.


ct. Tht'{nt'itt91 Grettade. Graslr the grenade in the throwing herncl.Holcl dou'n the arming sleeve (2, fiS. 20) u'ith the thr-rmb of thethrowing hancl ancl remove the safet;, pin ( 3 ) by pulling the safetypin ring (4) u'ith the free hand (fig. 2l).

b. Frtttctirningl . When the greiracle is throu'n, the arming spring(1, fig. 20) ejects the arming sleeve (2), freeing the tu,o safet;' balls(14) to move out of the groove in the top of the slicler ( 8 ) . This freesthe slider u'hich is forcecl bv the firing slll'itrg tou'urd the fir'ing pin(10) attachecl to the iutrer side of the closure plug. A primer con-tainecl in the encl of the slicler strikes the firing pin. The primerignites a dela.y* element inside the slider u'hich, after 7.4 to 3 seconcls.sets off a cletonator also contained in the slider. The detonator ex-

1 Arrning spring2 Arnning' sleeve3 Safety pin4 Safety p{n ring5 Upper hzrlf-sleevtr(; G lenztcle botlv7 Lorver hztlf-slt'tlt't'

Itilprt'r, ,J(). ,ll :,i. l/ (',\'

B SliderI Clcstr le Plug

10 Filing lrin11 Fillirrg pltrg12 I,'illing1 :i ir irilts' sll t'ittu1 I S:t l't't )' lr:r I ls

t'i,tl lttr ittl,1 1',' trrtrl,'-

3/l(>

plgcles, scattering the CN filling. The radius of effectiveness of thegas cloucl is approximately 5 yards from the point of burst.

50. First Aid

The gas from this grenade will cause tear formation. Remove

casualty to fresh air ( FN{ 2I-40) .

5l . Morking ond Pocking

o. The body of the M25A1 grenade is not marked for identification.

A single band, lot number, and date of filling are painted in red on thegrenade container.

b. The MZ5AI grenade is packaged individually in a sealed metal

container. Fifty containers are packed in a wood box which weighs

60 pounds when filled and displaces 2 cubic feet.


The MZ5AI grenade is a group D chemical munition. See para-

graphs L24 and I25 for shipping and storage information.

Section VI. GRENADE, HAND, SMOKE, WP, MI5

53. Description

Thc M15 grenacle (fig. 22) is a cylindrical container filled with 15

ou nc()s o1' WP ancl fittecl r,vith an M206A1 detonating fuze ( TM 9-lg00). The 5ofly of the grenade is an 18-gage sheet steel cylinderirlU)r.oxinrirtcll' 2,t,'tr inches in diarneter by 41,'l inches high. The bodypt thc M1t-r gr.r,nrrrle is macle of thicker metal than the bodies of the

other smgke gl'cpiules uncl has no smoke-emission holes, since the M15

grenucle funcrtiolls b.1, Irur'sting. The M206A1 detonating fttze, which

is an Orulnance C)or'ps fuze, is also used in high-explosive grenades

(TM 9-1900). It is similar to the M201A1 igniting fuze (fig. 17)

but has a high-explosive burster instead of an ignition mixture. The

fuze is screwecl into an adapter in the top of the grenacle. A fr-rze well

in the center of the grenade receives the bursting charge which ispart of the fLrze.

54. Opurqtion clnd Functioning

Hold the grenade in the throwing hand with the safety lever

pressed firmly against the palm. Remove the safety pin r,vith the free

hand and throw the grenade. The ftrze begins to function ll'hett tht'grenade is thrown ancl the safety lever is relettsecl. Thtr lrttt'sl irrg

charge explocles 4 to l: scconcls irftct' tht' sit l'c11' lt'\'('l' is l't'lt':ls('( l,

r.ttlltttt'irrg thtr !l'l'('rrlrrlc lrorlt' :rttrl st':tllt't'ittg; lrttt'ttittt'; \\'l' o\'('t' :t :o

FILLING

BURSTINGCHARGT

FUZEWELL

Figw'e 29. M15 WP sm,oke lr,an,cl grenade.

yard radius. The grenade projection adapter cannot be use to lar-rnchthe M15 grenade.

55. First AidTreat burns caused by WP in the same way as ordinary burns

( FM 2I-40) . If particles of WP are embedded in the flesh, immersethe wound in water or pack with cloths wet with water to halt com-bustion, and pick or squeeze out the WP. The particles will reignitespontaneously if allowed to dry. Copper sr-rlphate solution, if available,will halt combustion of the WP particles when applied to them, per-mitting them to be removed without igniting.


a. The body of the M15 grenade is painted with one yellow band,nomenclature, lot number, and date of filling.

b. The M15 grenade is packaged in a sealed metal container. Six-teen containers are packed in a woocl box which weighs 46 poundsu'hen filled and displaces 0.8 cubic foot.

57. Storoge ond Shipment'l'lrt' ]\1 l5 gr'('n;rrlt' is ir gl"oup C chemical munition.

li | :rlrr I l:ll-, l'r,p' .ilrilr;rilrg :rrrrl stol'lrge information.See paragraphs

3B39

Section Vll. GRENADE, HAND, SMOKE, HC, AN-M8

8. Description

The AN-MS grenade (fig. 23) is a cylinclrical container filled with9 or).nces of type C HC smoke mixture (par. 4c) and fitted with an

{20141 igniting fvrze (fig. I7). The bocly of the grenade is a thinheet-metal cylinder, alrproximately Zt/t inches in diameter by 41/-t

nches high, with four smoke-emission holes in its top. The M201A1uze is screu'ed into an aclapter in the top of the grenade. A plasticup set in the top of the filling contains starter mixture which is cen-

ered under the fLrze. The smoke-emission holes are covered withdhesive tape to protect the filling from moisture.

,). Op"rqtion ond Functioning

ct. Tln'ot(it'tg Grerrs"cle. Holcl the grenade in the throwing hand withhe safety lever pressecl firmh' against the palm. Remove the safety',in with the free hand (fig. 18) ancl throw the grenade. The fuzeegins to function rn'hen the grenacle is throrvn and the safety lever

ruu E

$TARTCRMIXTUNE

is released. Releasing the szrfety lever allou's the striker to hit theprimer, rvhich ignites the I.2- to 2-second delay element. Upon ex-piration of the delay time, the delay element ignites the ignition mix-ture, u'hich ignites the grenade starter mixture ancl grenade filling.The grenacle emits u'hite smoke for 105 to 150 seconds.

b. Lumtching G'rcytacle. The grenacle may be launchecl from zr rifleor carbine by using the M2A1 grenacle projection aclapter (par. 76).

60. First Aid

Treat burns in the same manner as those caused by flame (FM2L-40) .

61. Mqrking ond Pocking

a",. The bociy of the M8 grenade is paintecl with one yellow bancl,

nomenclature, lot nr-rmber, and date of filling.b. The AN-MS grenade is pzrckaged in a sezrled metzrl container.

Sixteen containers are packed in a rn,oocl box which rn'eighs 41 pounds

when filled and clisplaces 0.8 cubic foot.


The AI\T-M8 grenacle is a grollp D chemical munition. See para-graphs L24 and I25 for shipping and storage information.

Section Vlll. GRENADE, HAND, COLORED SMOKE, Ml8

63. Description

The M18 grenacle (fig. 24) is a c1'lindrical container filled rn'ith

ILlit oLlnces of either red, green, violet, or yellow smoke mixturr:(par. 4c) and fitted rn'ith an M201A1 igniting fvze (fig. I7). Thebody of the grenade is a thin .sheet-metal c)'linder, approximately21A inches in diameter by 41/t inches high, with 6 smoke-emissionholes in its top and 1 in its bottom. The M201A1 fuze is screwedinto an adapter in the top of the grenacle. A tapered hole in the fill-ing is linecl r,r'ith starter mixtLlre. The top of the filling is also coveredrvith starter mixture. The smoke-emission holes are covered withadhesive tape to protect the filling from moisture.

64. Op"rqtion ond Functioning

((. Tltrotrinq Gt'ettctcle. Hold the grenade in the throu,ing hand withtht' srrl'ct.\,, level' 1ll'essed firmlv against the palm. Remove the safety

lrirr u'illr llrr, l'r't't'hrrrrrl (fig'. 18) tttrtl throw the grenacle. The fuze be-

:l'irr:r lt, l'rurr'l i,,rr rr lrt,tr lll(,.g'l'('ltittlc is thl'o\\'t"t tttrcl the safety lever is re-Ir,;r,rr,rl. li,,l(,:rrirrr, llrr,rr;rl'r,l\' lt'\'r,l':rllotvs lltt'sl ril<ttt'ttl hit thtl 1)l'imel',

FILL} NS

\1.(t ll,lt 4l

FUZ E

START ERMIX TUR E

FILLING

tr i{l rt t'r: J/1. ]1,118 colort'd sntol;c hrt trd g t't,ttqcle .

'hich ignites 1.ire 1.2- to Z-secoucl clelal. element. Upon expiration ofre tlclirl' tinre, thc rlelul' element ignites the ignition mirture, u'hich;nites the g'l'etttttle stat'tel' mixtul'e ancl grenade filling. The grenaclemits ccllot'crl smol<e lot' irO to 90 secrontls.

l). Lttuttc'ltittu Clt't'ttudt'. 'I'hc g'ren:I(le ma-r, be launchecl from a rifler carbine b1'using the I'I2Al gretturle projection aclapter' (par. 76).

5. First Aid

Treat burns in the same manner as those caused by flzrme ( trl\{1-40 ) .

6. Morking ond Pqcking

The top of the gl'eltacle is ltainted the color of the smoke it lrnxlllc'eri.'he bocly is painted n'ith olte .\'ellolt' llttttrl, Ilonrelttcllrtule, lot nulnl)('l',nd date of filling. The gt"etr:ttle is ltitc'krtgerl in ir st,rrlt'tl nrt,l rrl ('or)-

littet'. Sirtcen croltt:tin('l's lu'() 1l:rt'lit'rl in:r u'oorl lrox u'lrit'lr \r'r,i!l'1r,,'l lx)utttls \t'ltt'n fillt'rl rrtrrl tlislrl;rt'r's 0.S crrlrit' l',rl .

:aj:

lgtl.


The It18 gretrade is a EIroLlp D chemical munition. See purlgrallhsIztL ancl I25 for shipping ancl stor"age infor.ma.tion.

Section lX. GRENADE, HAND, INCENDIARY, TH3, AN-MI4

68. Use ond Description

The AN-I\t74 grenacle (fig. 25) is clesignecl llrimaril;' te pr"er,i4e asoLlrce of itrteuse heat for destt"of ing equillment. B.v usipg an ex-plosive charge (perr. 71), the gl"enucle can be usecl for casualt,r, effect.The grenade is it c.t-lindrical cotrtainer fillecl g'ith 26t /t o11lces of ip-cencliarl' mirtttre :tncl fitted u'ith an VI201A1 grenacle i.eliting fuze(fig. 17). The boci1, of the grenacle is a thin sheet-metal c.r.lipcler, ap-1rt'oximately 21,'i irlches in cliameter l-l)' 4t t inches high, g'ith fonrholes in the top. The M201A1 fu'te is screu'ed into u1 aclapter i1 thethe toll of the gl'€rtlade. The stetttrlard filling is TH:l thermlte ( par.4d). THz filling, u'hich is limitetl stzttrdurd, is lro lglger loaclecl i1grenades, although it mu1, lte eltciollnter.ecl in the fielcl. The top of the

FUZE

$TARTERMIXTURE

fl LLtil0

,l\' ,v t,t

fl-*

tl * *ff},"

\(.1) l:,1:43

ll'

frlling has a central indentation and is covered with starter mixture.The holes in the top of the grenade are covered r,r'ith adhesive tapebo protect the filling from moisture.


cL. Destro11irtg Equipnrcnt. Place the grenade in the desired loca-bion, preferably on a flat surface. If it is necessary to fasten thegrenade in place, use a metal fastening, as the heat from the br-rrninggrenade r,vill quickly burn thrclugh flammable material. Hold dorn'nthe safety lever with one hancl and withclraw the safety pin rn'ith theother. When reacly to ignite the grenacle, release the safety lever anclmove several feet &wa}r. The safety lever is forced off by the strikerand the striker hits the lrrimer, u'hich ignites the 1.2- to 2-seconcldelay element. Upon expiraticn of the clelay time, the fvze ignites theignition mixture rvhich, in turn, ignites the grenacle filling. The gre-nade will burn through a sheet of r,/r-inch-thick steel and will weldtogether steel or iron machinery parts when molten iron released bythe burning filling flows between them. The filling burns for approx-imately 40 seconds.

b. Destt'oyi'nfl Dang el'o?(s Flcttttttltiltle Mcttet'iul. Dangerolls flam-mable material, such as gasoline or explosirres, can be ignited from aclistance by throwing the grenacle or b.y using a lan5's11"d to remove thesafety pin. To throw the grenade, hold it in the throwing hand withthe safetl, lever pressed firmly against the palm. Remove the safetypin u'ith the free hand and throw the grenade. To ignite the grenadewith a lun.\'urcl, fasten the grenade secLlrely in the desired location, tiea latt1,'ar'(l to the ring on the safety pin, ancl leacl the free end of thelan.yzrrcl to u protected firing position. Make sLlre that the lany'np4 isfree to move and that it is not uncler tension. Hold down the safetylever r,vith one hitncl and straighten the end of the safetl' pin rn,ith apair of pliers so that the pin cr-ur be u'ithclrawn easily. A pull on thelanyard rn'ill r,vithdrarv the safety pin, causing the grenade to function.

c. La"'Ltrtclt,ittg Grtnrctclcs. The grentrde may be launched from a rifleor carbine b"v using the M2A1 grenrtde projection aclapter (par. 76) .

70. Modificotion for Electric lgnition

The AN-M14 grenacle may be moclified for electric ignition by re-placing the fuze assembly rn'ith an electric squib.

V arning s Field modification by untrained personnel is not author-ized.

a. M at ericils R equi?' ed,.

( 1) AN-M14 grenacle.(2) Cork, rr,rbber stoppet', ol' oth(rl' lllug to fil thc l'u z( t r lrr;)lu'.(:l) M1 flash-\/('tttctl t'l(tctl'i('sryuilr (1r:rr'. l2lrr ).

b . Procecl?,u"e.

( 1) Bore a % ,,-inch-diameter hole through the center of the cork(a (Z) above ) .

(3) Remove the fuze from the grenacle by holding the fuzeaclapter with a lrair of pliers while Llnscrern,ing the fuze byhand' It may be necessary to bencl the safety lever at rightangles to the grenade body to obtain sufficient leverage tounscrew the fuze.

(4) Loosen the starter mixture uncler the fuze opening with asharpened piece of rvood.Vurning: Do not loosen the starter mixtllre with a metaltool or other device that might cause .sparking.(5) Screw the cork into the fuze adapter, smzrll encl first, untila tisht seal is formed. The cork shoulcl be long enough toprotect the exllosecl encl of the sqr-rib u,hen the flash end ofthe squib is level u'ith the top of the starter mixtlrre.(6) Waterproof the squib ancl cork r,vith melted wax or other

sealing compollnd.

(2) Insert the Ml squib in the hole invented end of the squib protrucles aof the small encl of the cork.

PLASTIC TAPE(CONTAINER

SEAL}

the cork so that thequarter of an inch out

SQUIBLEAD WIRES

44\t;r) tt;lt

I \' ,ll | 't !/ t't'ttrttl, ttrtttrilit.tr l'r,t' ,,r.t,rt.i. illtriritttr.

I

j

(7 ) The modiflecl grenade can be returuecl to the packaging con-

tainer (fig. 26) for protection from moisture.

(,. Igltiting tlr,e Grelrctde. To ignite the grenacle, connect the squill

rvires to a soLlrce of electricity. See paragraphs 120 through 123 for

information on electric power soLlrces, wire, and rviring.

71. Conversion to o Bursting Munition

The AN-M14 grenacle may be converted to a br-rrsting munition( fig. 27 ) by placing it in its container with an explosive charge and

a suitable time fuze. When converted as described below, the ex-

plosive charge rn,ill br-rrst and throw molten iron over a 35-yard radius.

Figure g7. Alr{-M7[ grcnade conaerted to but"stitrg nttntitiott.

b. Pl'\ceclu,re.

( 1) Remove the grenade from its packaging container and re-move the sleeve from the interior of the container.

(2) Coil the detonating cord (A, fig.28) and place it in the bot-

:?T,t.l:,:,i,'5:?n:trTl;,,1iJ'ff ::T":,;,.;'-'l,ll.'lTril(8, fig. 28).

( 3 ) Crimp the blasting cap to the safety f use and f orm a right-angle bend in the fuse adjacent to the cap. Insert the endof the fuse with the blasting cap attached into the con-tainer ( C, fig. 28). Place the blasting cap in contact withthe detonating cord and allow the free end of the fuse toextend beyond the contailler.

(4) Insert the grenade into the sleeve, bottom end first, andslide it gently into the sleeve until it rests on the detonatingcord (D, fig. 28). Keep the encl of the safety lever outsidethe container. Weclge the grenacle firmly in the containerr,r,ith tape from the container.

(5) Cut off the end of the safety fuse level with the top of thecontainer sleeve.

72. Firing Converted AN-MI4 Grenode

To throw the grenade, holcl it in the thror,ving hand with the safetylever pressecl firmly against the palm. Remove the safety pin withthe free hand and throw the grenade. The fuse functions and ignitesthe thermate filling, zrs described in paragraph 69a. Heat f rom theburning thermate ignites the safety fuse, u'hich explodes the blastingcall after allproximately 30 seconds. The blasting cap sets off thedetonating corcl, u'hich scatters molten iron over a 35-yard radius.The converted grenacle can also be fired by a lanyard, as described inparagraph 69b. By substituting a trip u'ire for the lanyarcl, the con-verted grenade can be usecl as a booby trap.

73. First Aid

Treat burns in the same manner as those caused by flame. ( FM2r-40) .


(1. The body of the AN-M14 grenade is paintecl with one purplelruncl, nomenclerture, lot nr-rmber, and clate of filling.

lt. The AN-M14 grenade is packagecl in a sealed metal container.Sixl('('n ('ortl;rin('r's ilr'() llircke'rl in rr \\'oocl box rvhich weighs 47 pouldsu'lrctr lillcrl ;rrrrl rlislll;tt't's 0.li t'ulri(' foot.

o. M ctt erictl R eqttir ed .

( 1) AN-M14 grenade.(2) Grenacle packaging container.( 3 ) Detonating cord- 4 feet ( par. L2Lc) .

(4) Safety fuze (time fvrze)-8 inches (par. IzId) .

(5) Nonelectric blasting cap (par. I2Il)).Vurning: Do not sullject thc lrlastirrg (':tl)

heat. Se.e F''1\[ lt_?i> l'ol' tlt'l:tilt'tl irrsl t'ttt'l iotts

cx l rl osivt's.

1o sltot'li or'

irr lr;rtrrllirrg

\(.tl li,l:\(.(l l;,1: 47

l-I

I

5

WITH SLEEVE RE_

-l MOVED, PLACE

\.4

\ ^J cotLED DETONATTNGv coRD tN BOTTOM OF

GRENADE CONTAINER.

@

WITH TAPE FROM CARTON HELD ASSHOWN, INSERT SLEEVE INTO BOTTOMOF CONTAINER UNTIL SLEEVE RESTSSNUGLY OVER DETONATING CORD.

1fi PLAcE BLASTTNG cAp wtrHV/ TIME FusE ATTAcHED tNTo

BOTTOM OF CONTAIN ER.

(D) TNSERT GRENADE tNrO\-/ ASSEM BLED CONTAIN ER,

WITH SAFETY LEVEROUTSI DE.

Figure 28, Procedut'e f ot' co?Luerttng AI{-Mll* grenade to a bursttrt,g ,ttLt11titiort.

0q\5-ulPl-l'

!'-{l)tF sv'h-OHrP-B

NV8l,,-2(DHXH orF :lsn o-cJt d Cnts-FI) Jn.t

-.X A -o(n (D 35=- oFJ. VJ

-Ld-'U rr.' -FE}JE' 0q|;F3uyO

5rr',1/

\J

Uc+t)

sario 5o6'

n'l

H fd

33>.tgAiJ

Llr

!e ;+c+ lr'ox

aoosoEFDI

Se CtfD F-l \ ='17'p;l

E Fto \3xF-rFr ) a-e9=HFr I+)s q^ 6 e

= 3 C5'lEb c

=$+g; E f 17:g#= rgihFe *f 3. q e-t E1-. N a:5 + cr S'r= fi- rc =*^ = =i.,cFoFE EEEoolf[ q

fE€P,: e FE.EEFsF g

3t[fr] raiF;== x*3:+;' $F-L-:=F '

2 g 3.+f o c-rs fg ='=a+$,-.c --- =.rqE g

z ; -.u,-.- ;=;-rlG g 1..1+ii,FA: p Ta: os;E+ 3ii;=.8 gE58o69 Sg--rr.-br \H

= gP E F5 ) a F X (a

(D =

,F,'=c;;ss 3E:?gg ;ry;gi6-; *dF_F aAt=ef1,'fr F:g^;: IHEB-q=5 *28?E3 -'rnre.FFe; f;:oxE Xg,FFfH FggFa"s o=

6 ,-1 Ct e.. :- !s #

FrIgL *g[g:' 3I13F gtsT;; 7B E;g € f"ZSE.G iaE c

= 5k$*LFA'A' H F ,sooo ,'o (nA-O

7Am>< -r'l

rn rnA{

otrl9;=>-c)

g, (h.

ME3rPtrks

78. Preporotion for Firing

au. Install the sebtack band on the grenade with the coil springdirectly over the safety lever and slide the band to approximately 1

inch from the end of the safety lever, as shown in figure 29.

b. Force the base of the grenade firmly into the clips on the baseplate.

c. Slide the tube of the stabilizer assembly over the launcher tothe position that will give the desirecl range (FM 23-30).

d. Rotate the grenade and adapter on the launcher so that the safetylever is downwArd.

e. Remove the safety pin from the grenade and fire the weapon.

79. Functioning

The adapter and grenade are propelled forwarcl when the weaponis fired. Inertia causes the setback band to slicle toward the base ofthe grenade, releasing the safety lever. The adapter remains at-tached to the grenade until the grenade lands.

Note. Because of the ballistic characteristics of the adapter and grenade,grenades launched at high angles ( above 45" ) will function in flight, andsmoke grenades r,vill be partially or completely burned out Ltpon impact.

i

I

Nt,

CHAPTER 4

FIRE STARTERS AND INCENDIARIES

Section l. STARTER, FIRE, Ml


The M1 fire starter (fig.30) is usecl for starting fires uncler ad-verse climatic conclitions, such as in rn'et jr-rngles or on snow-coveredterrain. It is i.l cylindrical cellulose nitrate container Ll/t. inches indiameter by 3t/t inches in length filled with 0.8 oLrnce of thickenedkerosene (par. 4cl) and provided r,r'ith an ignition device. The igni-tion device is a match heacl attached to a disk u,hich covers the fill-ing. A scratcher is attachecl insicle :r metal cap u'hich covers the matchhead end of the fire strll'ter. The czrp is fastenecl to the container withadhesive ta1le. Pertitrettt rlata on the fire starter are surnmarized intable IV.

scfiATcH[fr

MATCH HEAO

FILLINS

5l50 \r:rl l:/ li \t;(f li,li

Table Iv. Fire starters and Incendiaries(Jth-'l

FillingIgnitionmethod

Match headandscratcher.

Match headandscratcherwire.

M201A1ignitingfuze

oreleetricsquibs.

M209 electricfloatingsmoke potfttze.

M210 incen-diary fuze.

-----do-----.

ship- | |

#ll;*nt I c,,t"*" I(lb) | t""

ft) |

Weight

ZL/z oz

t/z oz

34 lb

---do--

tlt/+ tb

Ap-prox.burn-ing

time(min)

13

Delay(sec)

tTnitsper

woodbox

Stor-age

giroupIncendiarY

Starter, fire, Ml

Starter, fire, M2

Incendiary, safedestroying, TH1']I1A1.

Incendiary, safedestroying, TH1'1I1A2.

Incendiary, equip-ment destroying,TH1, M2A1.

Weight I rvr"te"iat

tt/+ dia by 3Y+ long,

Yz by t/, by 3

ZLby tiby LY+

16 by 8Vz bv t

0.8 oz

0,2 oz

28 lbminimum

8Vz tbminimum

Thickenedkero-seng.

---do*--

TH1ther-mite.

.---do----

.---do----

2L6

500

1

40

35

1.6

t.L2

D

D0

L.2to2

0

0L.2toZ

--do-- s/+

Shippine data

A

-:

Incendiary, filedestroyer, M4.

LUYz by 8Y+ by Yz

( Oxidizer andigniter boxes).

26L/z oz(1)

LZ oz(2)

Sodiumnitrate

(8)Sodium

nitrateandwoodflour

(4)

M1 electricsquib.

30(6)

25Yz lb

t 1 t Weight of filling in each oxidizer box.1:1 Weieht of fiUine in each igniter box.1:11 Type of filling in oxidizer box.t4.l Type of fillins in igniter box.1;) Average time for complete destruction.

(rl(^t

l'f''l

I

8l . Op"rqtion ond Functioning

Prepare the fire starter for ignition by pulling off the aclhesivetape and removing the metal cAp. To ignite, take the scratcher fromunder the c&p, hold the flre starter b)' its base with the match heaclpointed downu'ard, ancl clrar,v the scratcher rapiclly across the matchhead. Allow the filling to burn for several seconcls, then set the firestarter on its base in the desired position. The burning time of thefire starter is approximately 18 minutes.

82. Mqrking ond Pqcking

The base of the Ml fire starter is d),ecl lturple to iclentify the firestarter as an incencliar.v. Nomenclature ancl lot number are markeclon the side. Two hunclrecl ancl sixteen fire starters are packecl in arvood box which rveighs 40 pouncls when fillecl ancl displaces 1.G cr-rbicfeet.


The M1 fire starter is a grollp D munition. See paragralths IZ4 an4L25 for shipping and storage information.

Section ll. STARTER, FIRE, M2

84. Use ond DescriptionThe NIz fire starter (fig. 31) is clesignecl to be carried in a pocket

of the Air Force survival kit and is usecl by clowned Air Force cre\\rmembers to start fires under aclverse climatic conditions. It is a rec-tangular cellulose nitrate container, 1/t by l/t by B inches, filled with0.2 ounce of thickened kerosene (par. 4ct) and provided with anignition device. The ignition clevice is a match-heacl mixture rn,ith apull-type scratcher wire. The scratcher u,ire is proviclecl with a metalhandle ancl is cemented lightll' to the side of the container. The enclof the container housing the ignition clevice is colorecl red ; the op-posite end is colored pr-rrple. The entire fire starter is waterproof.Two labels on the side of the fire starter give instructions for use. Onelabel, which inclucles an illustation of wood arranged for ignition,reads: "1. Start fire on a dry base ; 2. Use thin pieces of clry dezrclr'vood arranged as shown." The other label reacls : "Starter, Fire MIZ.Inflammable. To ignite, point recl end clou,n and pull u,ire out of sicleof case. Keep fingers clear of red area." Pertinent clata on the Mzfire starter are sLrmmarizecl in tabre rv.

85. Operotion qnd Functioning

Fi,gtn'e 37. Me fit'e starter.

tainer, breaking the cement u'hich holds it in place. Hold the starterby the purple end and point the recl end downward. Press the thumbof the hancl holcling the fire starter ir-rst belorv the place u'here thescratcher u'ire comes out of the contailrer. The thumb so placed helpsto insure that the scratcher wire cloes not cut the container. To ignite,grasp the hanclle and pull steaclil-v a\ ra), from the case ancl perpen-dicular to it. Allow the filling to burn for several seconcls, then setthe fire starter in the desired position. Should the ignition device fail,the red end of the tire starter can be ignited with a match. The firestarter burns for approximately 4 minutes.

86. Morking qnd Pocking

The M2 fire starter is marked as described in paragraph 84. Fivehundrecl fire starters are packed in a u'ood box rn'hich rn,eighs 35pounds rn'hen filled ancl clisplaces I.I2 cubic feet.


The M2 fire stzrrter is a group D mr-rnition. See paragraphs L24 andI25 for shipping ancl storage information.

Section lll. INCENDIARY, SAFE DESTROYING, THl, MIAI


a,. Use. The MlAl safe destroying incendiary (fig. 32) is designeclfor the sole plrrpose of destroying cryptographic equipment CSP2900, SIGROD, or ASAMI-I, stored in the Signal Corps CH-76 two-section szrfe. It is zruthorized for issue only outside the zone of in-t()l'iol'. [1, cirnnot be nsed to clestroy papers or other materials in fieldsrr l'('s, sirrt't' i1 rlocs ttot su1l1tl.1. oxygen. This incendiary is limitedsl :rtrtl:u'rl :rtrrl is lx'ittg l'('l)l:tr:ctl lr), the M1 A2 safe destroying incen-rli;rt'r' ( 1r;rr'. 1) | ).

Prepare the fire startersct'utcher lvire lrnrl llulling

54

for ignition by frceing thr' lrrnrllc on llrcthe u'it't' rt\\':rv l'l'onr l lrr, sir l. ,l' r lrr, (,( )n-

55

Figura 32. MIAL THl saf e clestroyirtg incerzdiary.

b. Desu'iptiort. The incendiary is a sheet-metal box, 2L inches longby 15 inches wide by It,\.inches cleep, frlled with 28 pounds of THlincencliary mixture (par. 4cl), and fittecl r,r,ith two electric squibs andan M201A1 igniting fvrze (fig. 17) with a shortened safety lever.Three cellulose acetate cLlps filled with first-fire mixture are embeddedin the filling; one directly under the ignitin g fuze, the other two un-der the electric squibs. Three metal hangers, six t/a-inch bolts, sixt/r-inch washers, and six r/yinch nuts are packed with the incen-diary for use when installing it in a CH-76 safe. Pertinent data onthe MlAl safe destroying incenCiary are summ arized in table IV.

89. Instollotion

Install the hangers in the top of the CH-?6 safe and place the in-cendiar.y in the hangers.

90. lgnition

To ignite the incencliary electrically, connect the squib lead wires toa source of electric current. A single squib may be used, or the twosquibs may be connected to the current source in series or in parallel.See paragraphs L20 through I23 for information on electric ignition.If it is anticipated that the incendiary will have to be ignitecl electric-ally on very short notice, insert a switch betu,een the source of elec-tric current and the squibs in the ittcettcliAr"\, anrl contlllgtc rrll slcc:-tt'ical col-ltrectiolts. (llosing tht' su'i1t'lr u'ill ignilr' llrt, in(.('rrrli:u.\,. 'l'o

ignite the incendiary rn'ith the M201A1 grenade igniting fuze, with-draw the safety pin and allow the safety lever to fly off. The incen-diary burns for approximately 1 minute.

91 . Functioning

ct. Electric. An electric current flou,ing through the squibs causesthem to ignite. The flash of fire from the squibs ignites the first-firemixture, which ignites the filling.

l). Munzml. Withdrawing the safety pin from the M201A1 fuzecauses the fuze to function as described in paragraph 37. After I.2to 2 seconds have elapsecl following release of the safety lever, flamefrom the fuze ignites the first-fire mixture, which ignites the filling.

92. Mqrking ond Pqcking

The M1A1 incencliary is marked with a pllrple band, nomenclature,lot number, and date of filling. One incendizrry is packed in a woodbox which weighs 55 pounds when filled and displaces 1.1 cubic feet.

93. Storoge qnd Shipment

The MlA1 incencliary is a groLrp D munition. See paragraphs 724and L25 for shipping ancl storage information.

Section lV. INCENDIARY, SAFE DESTROYING, THl, MlA2


The M1A2 safe destroying incencliary (fig.33) is a moclification ofthe MlA1 incendiary (par.88) and is designed for the same pLlrpose.Like the MlAl incendiary, it is authorized for use only outside thezone of interior by units equipped with CSP 2900, SIGROD, orASAMI-I cryptographic devices stored in Signal Corps CH-76 two-section safes. It is identical in size and construction with the MlAlincendiary except that the center fuze is an M210 incencliary fnze,and that two M209 electric floating smoke pot fuzes (fig. 15) take theplace of the electric squibs in the MlA1 incendiary. The M2l0 incen-cliary fuze is icientical with the M201A1 grenade igniting ftrze (fig.17) except that it has a short safety lever. The M1A2 incendiary isinstalled in the same way as the M1A1 incendiary.

95. lgnition ond Functioning

To ignitc the incencliarl' electricalll', connect the lead wires fromllrc l\130f ) l'u't,t' to ir source of electric current. A single fuze may berf s('(l or' lr,l f r l'uzcs nrir)' lrt' ('olltrec:tetl in series or in parallel to as()ur'('r' ,l'r'1,'r'lt'i,'r'ut't'r'nl. (Sr'(' l)ll's. 120-1 2i] for ittfot'matiort on elec-

56 \r.r) ll;ll 57

Figtn,e 33. M1A2 THl safe dcstroying incend'tan'y.

tric ignition.) To ignite the incendiary manually, withdraw the

safety pin from the M210 fuze. The M210 incendiary fuze functions

in exactly the same way as the M201A1 grenade igniting fuze (par.

37a) .


The M1AZ incendiary is marked with a purple band, nomenclature,

and lot number. One incendiary is packed in a wood box whichweighs 55 pounds when filled and displaces 1.1 cubic feet.

97. Storoge qnd Shipment

The M1A2 incendiary is a group D munition. See paragraphs L24

and L25 for shipping and storage information.

Section V. INCENDIARY, EQUIPMENT DESTROYING,

THI, M2AI

98. Use ond DescriPtion

The MZA1 equipment destroying incendiary (fig. 34) is similar inconstruction to the M1Al safe destroying incenrliary (1lttt'. 88) lrtrt issmaller uncl has only two fuzes. It is tlt'sigtrtltl solt'|1'

5B

rue Hof destroying a single item of classified cryptographic equipmentwhich is made of plastic and wire and is housed in a special container.It is issued only for the purpose for which it is designed and only asdirected by the Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence. This incend iarStis a metal box, 16 inches long by 81/, inches wide by 1 inch deep, filledwith 8r/z pounds of THl thermite (par. 4ct) and fitted with an M210incendiary fuze (par. 94) and an M209 electric floating smoke potfuze (fig. 15). (Early production models contained an electricsquib and an M201A1 igniting fuze instead of the M209 and M210fuzes.) Two cellulose acetate cups filled with first-fire mixture areembedded in the filling, one directly under each fuze. Pertinent dataon the incendiary are summ afized in table IV.

FUZ

FUZ

FILLIN6

Figure 3{'. MzAt THI equipment d,estr.oying incendiary.

99. lnstollqtion

Install the incendiary, in the holder provided for it, in the con-tainer housing the cryptographic equipment.

100. lgnition

'l'tt illrrilr' lltt' ilt('('tttlittr.y electrically, connect the wires from theM20:) l'tvl'ltt;t ,\()ttt'('('ol'('l('('1 l'ic ('ul'l'ent. See paragraphs IZ0throughl3:i l'ot' itrl'nl'lll;tliott ()lt ('l('('l rit' igrril iorr. If it is irrrticillltercl that the

59n ( :( I .t:r'l ll

I 'l ,"r

II

i

I

incendiary will have to be ignited or1 ver\/ short notice, insert aswitch betu'een the sollrce of electric current and the fttze and com-plete all electrical connections. Closing the su,itch u'ill ignite theincendiary. To ignite the incencliarl' using the I,I210 fuze, u'ithdrawthe safety pin from the fnze ancl allou' the safety lever to fl.\' off. Theincencliarl' burns for alrprorimatell' 11'rree-qLlarters of a minute.

I 0l . Function ing

a,. Elect t'ic. An electric clrt'rent flor,r,ing through the NT209 f uzecalrses the fvze to ignite. The flash of flame from the fuze ignites thefirst-fire rnixtlrre, u'hich ignites the filling.

b. Matnral. Withdrarn'ing the safet;, pin from the i\{210 fr-rze causesthe fuze to fr-rnction in the same \\'zU'as the M201A1 fuze (perr. 37u).Flame from the fuze ignites the first-fire mixture, n'hich ignites thefilling.


The M2A1 incendiarS' is metrked q,ith a pllrllle band, ttomertclatgre,and lot number. Tr,vo incendiaries are packecl in a ll'ood box rvhichrveighs 33 pouncls u,hen filled aucl clisltlaces 0.8 cullic foot.

.|03. Storqge ond Shipment

The M2A1 incencliary is a groLlp D munition. See l)zrrAflraphs 124ancl I25 for shipping ancl storage information.

Section Vl. INCEN DIARY, FILE DESTROYER, M4


a,. IJ se. The M4 file clestro]'er incencliary ( fi.q. :i5 ) is intendeCprimaril.l' to be used to destrol. classified materizrl in three- or four-clrawer filing cabinets provicled r,l'ith combination locks. It is de-signecl to permit maximllm destruction of classified matter u'ithminimlrm clametge to the premises lvhere the filing cabinets are kept.Combr"rstible material other than files marv f. clestro)'ecl u'ith this in-cendiarv if the installation procedllres are variecl to suit the cir-cumstances.

b. Desu'i1tti,ott. The file destroyer incencliary consists of 44 oxidizerboxes, 4 igniter boxes, etncl 4 racks (fig. 36). The oxiclizer boxes fur-nish oxlrgen to permit papers to be br-rrned in a closecl file clra$'er.The igniter boxes set fire to the papel's nttcl oxiclizer boxes. The nrckscomllress the papers ancl oxiclizer boxes u'hiie the l)?rl)el's al'e lrul'nirr.r1'.

Fort1,'-fottr poutrcls of pupol' can be clestlo.r'erl u'ith t h is irrt't'rrr liru')'.Ptrt'tittettt tl:t1:I olt tht' in('('tttli:rt'r' :u'(, ,sul'nr]l;rrizcrl irr l:rlrlt, l\/.

Ftgtn'a SS. IVI4 fr,lc clcst t,t_tyct, ittcctrcliu,t.,y.

(1) Ot:iclizet' bo?:es. The oxidizer boxes are celluloicl boxes 101,/tinches long by 81/t, inches rn'ide by 1,! inch deep fillecl u,ithapproximately 261/t oLlnces of soclium nitrate.

(2) Iglr'iter botres. The igniter boxes are celluloid boxes of thesame size as the oxidizer boxes and are fillecl r,r'ith approx-imately 12 ounces of a mixture of sodium nitrate and finelypowdered wood (wood flour). trach igniter box containstwo Ml sqr-ribs (par. I2La) connected in parallel to a pair ofigniter wires which are usecl to connect the squibs to apo\\rer soLlrce.

( :I ) ixJII i,,,, ;1*:,, iil5'"%ilii:',::,"l;;,t "*'*: IilI',"J,x:il:tt ir lr' l,)' 29 ittc:hes long ancl u'eighing 61/l poulcls. Thelllr il,lr' ('()ttsl t'ttt'l iott ol' thc llrcks allou,s them to follor,v the

6r60

IONITER 8OX

RACK

Figure 36. Oriclizer box, ignitar bon, ancl ru,ck.

contours of the tops of the papers in a file drau'er, and tokeep the papers compressed rvhile thev are burning.

I05. Sofety Precqutions

Protect the igniter ancl oridizer boxes from zrccidental ignition bysparks or flame. In situations where the premises must be protecteclfrom damage by fire, remove any combustible material frclm near thecabinet. After ignition, move a\ /a)' from the cabinet to avoid theacrid smoke which is procluced. If file destroyer incendiaries in sev-eral cabinets are to be igniteci individually, provicle means to igniteeach incendiar;, sellarately from a remote point not subjected tosmoke from the first incendiar), fired.

I 06. Instollqtion

a. Install 1 oxidizer box in the front of the file clrawer and 1 oxicli-zer box behind each t,!-inch thickness of paper in the clrawer untilthe drawer is full. Prepare other drawers in the same manner.

b. Place an igniter box ahead of the first oxidizer box in each filedrawer. Run the wires from the igniter box out of the drawer, pass-ing them either over the edge of the drawer or thror-rgh the hole usedfor the rod that holcls the file separators in place. Be careful not tocut the insulation on the wires or the wires themselves.

c. Place a rack on top of the papers and boxes in ezrch (lr'u\\'(rl"

llreparecl as in a ancl (t above, adjusting the rack so thirt it u'ill t'e-main in contact r,vith the crttrtetrts of the file rrs lrurrrirrg l)r'o.rt'r'('ss(,s.

d . Closc :rll filt' (ll'lt\\'('r's rr nr I lr lt'l< 1 lrt'rt r i l' | )( )s,\il rlt'.

1A7. lgnition

Connect the rn'ires from all igniter boxes to a firing circuit. Use

parzrllel connections (par. l23c) so that an open circuit in one igniterbox will not prevent other boxes from igniting. To ignite the in-cencliary, connect the firing circuit to a source of electricity capable

of furnishing at least 1 ampere per igniter box. Use a minimum ofZ volts if there is no more than 10 feet of r,r'ire betrn'een the igniterbox ancl the electric soLlrce. Use a minimum of 6 volts for wirelengths betr,r,een 10 ancl 100 feet. Longer rvires require proportion-

ately higher voltages. Possible sollrces of electricity are house lighi-ing cnrrent, a portable radio 'dB" battery, or a blasting machine.

A BA 30 one-cell flashlight battery can be used to ignite one igniterbox at a time if the wires are not longer than 10 feet and the batterl'is in good condition. See paragraphs I22 and I23 for information on

electric power sollrces, u'ire, ancl u'iring. If it is necessary to keep

zr filing cabinet in reacliness for clestruction on very short notice, the

files can be lrreparecl as clescribed in par?rgraph 106, ancl the firingcircr-rit can be connectecl to the electric soLlrce through a switch which

is left open. Ciosing the su,itch u'ill ignite the incendiary.

108. Functioning

Closing the electric firing circuit causes the squibs in the igniterboxes to ignite ancl set fire to the u'ood flour and soclium nitratemixture. The soclium nitrate fr-rrnishes oxygen to support combus-

tion in a closed file. Papers adjacent to the igniter box ignite ancl

the soclium nitrate in the next oxiclizer box furnishes the necess&r}r

ox-vgel for combustion. Combustion progresses in this way r-rntil the

entire contents of the drawer are burning. The weight of the rack

keeps the contents of the file compressed, thereby provicling max-

imum contact between the paper and the soclium nitrate ancl max-

imum effectiveness of the incencliary. A file destroyed by an M4

incendiary emits large volumes of acrid black smoke while burning.


The incencliary is packed in a r,vood box which rveighs approxi-mately 160 por-rnds rvhen filled ancl displaces 4.1 cubic feet. One edge

of the box is markecl with a pr-rrple band on a gray background.

Nomenclature ancl other clata are etlso markecl on the box.

I 10. Storoge qnd ShiPment

'l'hc l\t1 filt'destroyer is a grolql D munition. See paragraphs L24

: r rrr I I 35 l'ot' slr i 1 r1 rittg ttttd storage information.

62 63

'l

CHAPTER 5

ONE-GALLON CHEMICAL LAND MINE

lll. Use

Chemical land mines are used to disperse persistent war gas fromfixed locations. They usually are employed in combination with high-explosive mines in mine fields. See FM 3-5 for information on thetactical employment of chemical lancl mines.

112. Description

The l-gallon chemical land mine (fig. 37) is a rectangular metalcan 6)1 ,t inches wide by 4th inches cleep by I0,)/r,, inches high fittedrn'ith a carrying hanclle ancl a threaclecl cap. The cap is lined with agasket made of cork or rubber and faced with lead foil. Two shortcopper rn'ires are solderecl to one side of the mine for use whenattaching a burster charge. The capacity of the mine is 1.1 gallons,which allou,s for a lO-percent void u'hen the mine is fillecl with 1gallon of liquid.

64

t

".-*,^.__.--.**-.

ttt i tt t' ;urrl grl:rt'irr.rg'lhc :rss('ll'rlrlerl mitte in a

65

.: . ..--l:]::i r':r':+'i'r:trl rli +- '

iiii:,'r:ii ........,...**'*':E:t:

',fi$.:d

-$$i

ii-:

iti:i' ......"

-.,"sft'."" i:,::::

,:.

I t 3. Types of Filling

a,. Tctnic. The standard toxic filling is 1 gallon (9.9 pounds) ofdistillecl mustard (HD). Levenstein mLlstard (H) is a substitutefilling.

b. I,{otttot:ic. The stanclarcl nontoxic filling used in training is 1

gallon of simulatecl mustard (MR). See FM 2I-48 for informationon the use of nontoxic fillings in training.

114. Filling Lqnd Mines

Chemical land mines are shippecl empty to chemical depots wherethey are fillecl by depot company personnel.

a. Equipntellt. Mines can be fllled in the fleld by using the Mzland mine field filling apparatus (TM 3-255) . The apparatus willinsure exactly the correct qr"rantity of filling for each mine ancl willpermit mass production filling techniqlles to be used. If the fieldfiUing apparatus is not available, Llse a container with a capacity of1 gallon to measure the quantity of fiUing for each rnine, and a funnelto facilitate pouring.

b. Preparcttiott Uncap and inspect the mine inside and out to see

that it is clean ancl dry, ancl in good condition. Inspect the cap andgasket for damage and dirt. Clean, if necessary. Do not Llse a dam-aged or dirty cap. Invert the mine ancl blow a jet of compressed airinto it to blow out any residual dirt or moisture.

c. Fillirtg. Pour I gallon of filling into the mine, leaving a 10-percent void. Do not overfill, since insufficient void may caLlse themine to leak or burst. Screrv the cap on the mine by hand, tightenit with a wrench or pliers, and decontaminate the exterior. See TM3-220 for cletailed instructions in decontamination procedures. Placethe mine, with the cap pointing down, on an improvised rack over atrough. At the end of 6 hours, inspect for leakage from the cap andfrom the body of the mine. If the mine leaks, empty its contents intoa new r-rnfilled mine, ancl decontaminate and dispose of the faultyempty mine. Repack mines that pass leakage inspection in theiroriginal boxes.

V urning : Wear protective mask ancl impermeable protective cloth-ing when fllling mines. Fermeable clothing will not furnish protec-tion against splashes of liquid HD or H.

I I 5. Prepcrring Filled Mines for Firing

((. (It'trt't'rtl. (lhemicrl land mines are prellared for firing by attach-i rrg

lltr'

\t.( I

t he nritres, provicling a means for cletonatinghole in the

grolrnd. Refer to FM 5-25 for detailecl information on handlingexplosives.

V urnhtg: Wear protective mask and protective clothing rvhenpreparing and laying chemical land mines.

b. Btrsting Charge. Detonating cord is usecl as a bursting chargewhich, when detonatecl, ciisperses the chemical filling. Attach a looperl -foot length of detonating corcl to the side of the mine rn'ith thecopper wires provicled for that purpose. (If the tactical situationrequires 1.hat the mines be br-rried a foot or more below the surfaceof the grouucl, Llse 6 to 8 ft of detonating cord. ) The -foot lengthof detonating corcl may be the end of a branch line of cletonatingcord which rlllts from a detonating corcl ring main ( F 1\{ 5-25) orit may be cut to length for Llse r,r'ith an electric blasting cap.

c. Detonutittg tlrc Burstirtgl Clturges. Use either an electric blast-ing cap or cletonating cord io cletonate the bursting charge. Tapethe electric blasting cap length$'i-qe along the cletonating cord br-rrst-ing charge and in firm contact u'ith it (Iig. 38). Leave the ends ofthe wires from the blasting cap connected together until ready toconnect them to the electric firing circr"rit. When using detonatingcord to cletonate the bursting charge, tie it to the br-rrsting chargewith a square knot.

d. Emplctcenrcnt. Dig a hole in the ground approximately 12inches long by 8 inches 'wicle by 9 inches cleep to accommodate the

66 67

mine and bursting charge. Place the mine in the hole with thebursting charge down, lead the detonating cord or the wires fromthe blasting cap out of the hole, and cover the mine with approxi-mately 4 inches of earth. Camouflage as required ( FM 20-32) . Ifthere is no time to clig holes for the mines, they may be laid on thesurface of the ground with the bursting charge down.

I 16. E"ploding the Mines

a. ElectTicctlly. Connect the wires from the blasting cap to anelectric firing circuit. The clecision to Llse a series, parallel, or series-parallel firing circuit must depend on the number of blasting capsto be fired simr-rltaneously and the type of electric power available.Refer to FM 5-25 for information on how to cletermine the type ofcircuit to use and the maximum number of blasting caps that canbe fired in each type of circuit using various power sources. Seeparagraphs I2A thror"rgh I23 for general information on electriccircuits, wiring, ancl electric power sources. To explode the mines,connect the electric firing circuit to a sollrce of electric power.

b . Ittr onel ech,iccrllll .

( 1 ) Lay out a cletonating corcl ring main ( FM E-25) in sucha way that it passes close to each mine to be detonated.Make all changes of direction of the cletonating cord grad-ual, since sharp bends or kinks will interfere with properfunctioning. Tie the cletonating corcl from each mine tothe detonating cord ring main using' a girth hitch.

(2) Tape a blasting cap to an end of the detonating cord usedto make the ring main. If an electric blasting cap is used,connect the lead wires to an electric firing circuit. Use asollrce of electric cllrrent capable of furnishing 1.b amperesat 2 volts at the blasting cap. To fire the blasting c&p,connect the firing wire to the source of electric current.If a nonelectric blasting cap is usecl, before taping it tothe detonating cord crimp it to a piece of safety fuse(time fuse) long enough to allow time for personnel firingthe circuit to move to safety. After the blasting cap istaped to the cletonating cord, attach a fuse lighter to thefree end of the safety fuse and light the safety fuse. If a

:ffi ;:.[f: ;till#l"*fi i'ffLn: il:'g,jilliJJl;('ollt;rlr'lt'tl lrtll'lting ancl the detonating corcl ring main willr lr,l, rn:rl (,, (,r I rlorl itt.tl. I lr() mittcs.

F igt,n'e ;) I . M 1 flaslt- u cnte cI ele ctric squib '

b. Btasting Caps. A blasting cap (FM 5-25) is a copper or alumi-

num tube of small diameter. The tube is closed at one end and is

half-filled with a heat-sensitive explosive. In the nonelectric blasting

cap (fig. 40) the explosive is coatecl with a flash charge which ignites

when exposed to the flame from safety fllse. The unfllled end of

the nonelectric cap receives the end of a length of safety fuse, which

usually is crimped in place. In the electric blasting cap (fig. 4L) , afilament or "bridge" of high-resistance wire is buried in the heat-

sensitive explosive. The encls of the filament are connected to l2-foot

lead wires which are usecl to connect the cap to a source of electric

current. The free ends of the lead wires are soldered together during

manufacture and must not be separatecl until just before connecting

the cap to a firing circuit. The electric blasting cap has a resistance

of 2.0 ohms and requires a current of no less than 0.6 amperes to

function.V ctrning t Blasting caps are sensitive to heat and shock. Handle

them carefully to prevent accidental detonation.

CSPPEN SRALUMINU$,'I T'UBT

Figtn'e 40. I,{ onelcctric blasti'ng cap-

PftIMEN CHARGE

BASE CHAKGE PLUS

coPFfR OftALU rt'I NUIT{

$htrLL..:',i:.;, .,, .

FILAMENT

It'itttr t't' .l1l . I')lt'rl t'it' Itlttsl i tr11

PRIIdgR

70

('u l).

At:t I

('rfllllrl'r'; r; ri111' lltr' lro11'111'1' 1t':titt u'ill gt'eatly acceleratg the

,I

WATERPROOFINSCofvlP0UN0 I NSULATSP

WIRES

c. Detonuting Cord. Detonating cord (primacord, fig. 42) is ahigh-explosive cord made by covering a core of PETN explosive withwaterproof fabric. The fabric covering has a waxy surface and iscolored yeliow or yellow and black. Detonating cord is flexible andcan be coilecl or tied in the same way as a piece of rope. Detonatingcord is used with chemical munitions, primarily as a bursting chargefor the M1 chemical land mine and as an explosive train to connectland mines to a detonator.

Hl6H'ENPr-gStv'[ conE

Figure [2. Detonattng cord.

d. Sctf ety Fuse. Safety fuse (time fuse, fig. 43) is a slow-burningpowder train enclosed in a tr-rbe of waterproof fabric or plastic.The fuse burns at a rate of 1 foot in 30 to 45 seconds. Before usingsafety fuse, test the actual br-rrning time by cutting a l-foot lengthand measuring the length of time it takes to burn. To ignite safetyfuse, either attach a fuse lighter (e below ) to it, or slit the end ofthe fuse to exllose the powder train, bury a match head in the powder,irnrl st'l f irr' 1o t hc mirtch heacl.

ll ttrttittg.' l)o lt11l :rllt'nt1lt, to extinguish szrfet.\r fuse by stepping oni | , r l i I rr ', '

lrttt'rrirUt

SEALI N G

coM PouN 0

fiAfiR I C

FABRIC

POWDERTRAI N

e.

Figure [3. Saf etU fuse.

Fuse Lightet's.(1) The Ml friction-type fuse lighter (fig. 44) is a paper tube

containing match-head mixture and having a pull-wire

scratcher. The fuse lighter is installed on the end of safety

fuse, and is held in place by internal teeth which grip the

fabric covering of the safety fuse. To operate the Mlfriction-type fuse lighter :

(a) Cut off and discard approximately 6 inches from the end

of the safety fuse. Insert the newly cut end of the proper

Iength of fuse all the urz.Y into the fuse lighter.( b ) To fire the fuse lighter, hold both the paper tube and

the safety fuse with one hand, and pull the pull-wire

with the other hand.

(2) The Mzwaterproof fuse lighter (fig. 45) consists of a metal

barrel rvhich holds a firing mechanism, and a base whichcontains a percLtssion cap and a fuse retainer. When the

striker-retaining pin ( safety pin ) is pulled, the striker hitsthe percLtssion c&p, which in turn ignites the fuse. To

operate the MZ rn'aterproof fuse lighter :

(a) Prepare the safety fuse us dcscribed in ( 1 ) (a ) alrovtr

:ttrrl slitlct tht' l'ttsc l'('t:l iltt'l' o\/('l' I ltt' t'tttl tll' I ht' l'ttst'.

7?At:t I

73

Il

F ig ure 4/t. M 1 f rtctiott-type f use liglt ter.

Waterproof the j oint between the fuse and the fuselighter if necessary.

( b ) To fire the fuse lighter, hold the barrel in one hand andpull the release ring with the other hand.

122. Firing,Accessories(FM 5-25)

a. Fidng Wil'e. Firing wire for electric firing is a 2-conductorNo. 18 AWG (American Wire Gage) plastic- or rubber-covered wire.Firing wire is a Corps of Engineers item and is normally availablein 500-foot lengths. Field telephone wire or other wire of similargage can also be used for electric firing.

b. Blasting Macld?Les. A blasting machine is a small electric gen-erator that furnishes current for firing electric blasting caps. The10-cap blasting machine (fig. 46) will fire 10 blasting caps or electric

$AFFTY PI$Ia= *:l

!

OPE|\IING FORSAP,ETY rU$€

FULL W'frT

OFENIN6 rOR$AFSTY FU$ E

RELEASE RINS

I

squibs connected in series. The 30-cap blasting machine (fig. 47)

and b0-cap blasting machine wili fire, respectively, 30 and 50 caps

or squibs connected in series. To use the blasting machine, connect

one conductor from the firing wire to each terminal of the blastingmachine. Blectric current is generated when the handle of the 10-

F itJ tn'c [6. T ctl-cctp bla,st,itt g tttct,clt,tne.

74

lxr\\'('l' Ir;rr rrrlr J1r'(';rlr'r' ('ll)irlrilit.it,s th:rrr thc mininrtrnr

75

UT

cap machine is twisted sharply or when the handle of the B0-capor the 50-cap machine is pushed down after being raised as far aspossible.

c. Galao'rtomete?'s. The galvonometer (fig. 48) is a sensitive volt-age-measuring device used to test electric firing circuits. It has aspecial internal dry cell rn'hich produces the voltage required fortesting. It can be connected in an electric firing circuit, and readingscan be taken without clanger of initiating the charges in the circuit.

V arning : For testing the circuit, do not Llse any source of voltageother than the special dry cell containecl in the galvonometer. Evena single flashlight cell used for testing may fire the charges in anelectric firing circuit.

Figu,r'e !8. Galuonorn eter.

123. Electric Firing Circuits

a. Gene?'Ql. Electric firing circuits are used to connectsqtrills ol' t'lt'c:t t'ic blasting caps to a source of current. Thel)o\\'('l' fiolll'('(' t'('(lttit'ccl cliffers with the number of squibslo lx' irrili;rlt'tl rritttttll;tttt'oltsl\, :ll-l(l u'ith the t.v1te of circuit

electrictype ofor caps

usecl. Arequire-

ments may be substituted for a source of minimum capabilities.

Electric firing circuits for use with blasting caps are discussed in

detail in FM S-ZS. Electric firing circuits designed to be used for

blasting caps can also be used for electric squibs.

b. Sytlicing Wires.( 1) To splice two conductors together, first strip or scrape all

insulation from 3 inches of the end of each conductor.

Twist together the strands of each stranded conductor to

form a single lead (A, fig. 49). Next, twist the wires

around each other with severat tight turns ( B ) . Then

Remove insulationTwist wires together

AB

76

Figttt't' /19. ]l[ctlrttd tt.f sltl iritrll lt('tt ?r'it'r's.

77

lt "1

C Twist ends togetherD Bend trvistetl ctrrls

twist together the free ends of the two wires ( C ) and bendthe twisted ends so that they lie along one wire ( D ) .

(2) To splice on e 2-conductor wire to another (fig. b0) , connectone conductor in each wire to the corresponding conductorin the other wire as in ( 1) above and repeat for the secondconductor. Stagger the splices to separate them.

(3) Protect connections by insulating the bare portion of eachspliced conductor with insulating tape. If it is impossibleto tape splices, the uninsulated portions must be preventedfrom touching the ground, metal, wet wood or stone, oreach other.

Figure 50. Two methocls of splicirtg p-cortcluctor tr.tit,e.

c. Types of Circ'ttrits. Firing circuits may be in series, parallel, orseries parallel. In a series circuit (fig. 51) , cllrrent flows from thepower source, through each squib or cap in succession, and returnsto the source. A special type of series circuit, the "leapfrog" (fig.52), is used to connect a long row of squibs or caps in series to avoida long extension of one conductor in the firing wire. In a parallelcircuit ( fig. 53 ) , the firing wire is run past each squib or cap, andeach of the wires from the squib or cap is connectecl to a differentcondttctor in the firing wire. In a series-parallel circuit (fig. 54) ,trvt) ol'lllol'('srJttilrs or caps in series are connected in parallel to afirirll', tt'il','.

TWINE INSULATION

Figtn'a 57. Series circttit.

F iflttrr 5 !. (([,euP.f rorl

7Bn (:o 4:l7ll

79

Figure 55. Pat.allel circuit.

d. Choice of Circuits. Any circuit combination which produces at

least 1.5 amperes at 2 volts at the terminal of each cap or squib can

be used. The total allowable number of caps or squibs in combination

with representative power sources is tabulated in FM 5-25' Single

squibs or caps can be initiated by using a BA 30 flashlight cell pro-

vided that the cell is not connected to the squib by more than 10

feet of wire.

CHAPTER 7

STORAGE AND SHIPMENT

124. Generol

Storage and shipment of chemical munitions are covered in detailin TM 3-250. Storage information is summ arized in this chapter.Army regulations and Interstate Commerce Commission regulationsgovern the shipment of chemical munitions within the zone of in-terior. Oversea shipments should be made in compliance with in-structions contained in SR 55-730-10, TM 3-250, and TM 38-70b.Chemical munitions are classified for storage purposes as follows:

Group A War gases requiring protective masks and completeprotective clothing

B War gases requiring protective masksC Spontaneously flammableD Incendiary and readily flammable

V urning: Do not store chemical munitions of one storage groupwith those of any other group or with any other type of munition orcomponent.

125. Storoge R"quiremenls

a,. Magazine Storage (tables V and VI, app II).( 1) Group A chemical munitions must be stored in igloo-type

or Corbetta-type magazines with concrete floors treatedwith sodium silicate. Wood flooring or other porous floorcovering mllst not be used in magazines. Protective masksand complete protective clothing must be readily availablein area where group A chemical munitions are stored.

(2) Group B chemical munitions must be stored in igloo-typeor Corbetta-type magazines with concrete floors treatedwith sodium silicate. Wood flooring or other porous floorcovering must not be used in magazines. Protective masksand necess ary protective clothing must be readily availableto personnel handling group B munitions.

(:|) (lt'ott1r C chemical munitions must be stored in a fire-resis-

i i : r i' ; ll l ff l i l fi ll11*;ftl11rr"**lhli{dq*lBII l;lt

\(:tt l:r ;ll

zinemust be maintained below 110" F. to prevent the WP

filli'g from melting. Protective equipment consisting of

flameproof gloves and coveralls and safety goggles must

be readily available and must be worn by personnel work-

ing with WP-filled munitions'

(4) Group D chemical munitions must be stored in a dry, fire-

resistive magazine. Water must not be allowed to come

in contact ,ritr, the filling of any group D chemical muni-

tion, since water deteriorates the fillings, and HC may

ignite spontaneously when moist. Methods used for stack-

ing must provide for good ventilation to all parts of the

stacks. Adequate dunnage must be used to protect muni-

tions from ground seepage or moisture. Protective masks

and fire-fighting equipment must be available.

b. Fietct stoyctgle. chemical munitions may be stored in the open

if they are segregated by storage groups and if the stocks of muni-

tions are adequately protected from the elements. Storage areas

should be well drained and free of weeds and debris. A 5O-foot fire

break shoulcl encircle the entire area and adequate access roads or

paths shoulcl be proviclecl within it. Adequate dunnage should be used

to raise the mr-rnitions above ground and to provide ventilation. Pro-

tection from rainfall and clirect rays of the sun must be provided by

tarpaulins placed over and raised above the top level of the stacks.

Numerolls nr. points containing 55-gallon drums full of water, filled

sand buckets, shovels, picks, and burlap must be established.

c. QuantitU-Distctncesites shor-rld be Postedclistance, indicating the

Stol ag e Inf ot't1't&tio?L- All magazines and

with signs, weil visible from an appreciable

group of munition stored therein. See tables

V and VI, appendix lI, f or quantity-distance storage information.

126. Fire Fighting

a,. Fires in group

of all personnel notA and B storage areas require the evacuation

necess ary to combat the blaze. Fire fighters

should confine their efforts to preventing flres

b. Outside storage areas containing groLlp C munitions fitted with

fuse or burster and packed in containers should be abandoned if the

fire cannot be controlled. F ires in igloo-type or Corbetta-type maga-

zines will not be for-rght.

c. Observe the following precautions when fighting fires in storage

areas where group C chemical munitions without fuses or bursters

are stored:

82

(1) Phosphorus, once extillgtlished, shottltl t'ilhct' immcl'scrl

B3

i'1I

from spreading.

in water or sprayed continually with water to prevent theflames from bearing out anew.

(2) Personnel with portable extinguishers should not be per-mitted in the magazine after a fire gains headway, unlessthey are equipped with lifelines to prevent them from be-coming lost in smoke while combating the flames.

( 3 ) Use fog nozzles on fire hose. If fog nozzles are not avail-able, Llse the lowest water pressure that will be effective,since a high-velocity stream of water tends to spread thefire.

cI. Fire fighters is areas containing group D munitions shouldconfine their efforts to preventing fires from spreading in magazineareas or storage areas. Fires in igloo-type or Corbetta-type maga-zines will not be fought. Fires of HC mixtures must be deluged withwater, since small volumes of water are ineffective ancl may increasethe fire. Incipient fires among group D munitions may be smotheredby sand.

CHAPTER 8

EVACUATION AND DESTRUCTION TO

PREVENT ENEMY USE

127. Generol

When ground chemical munitions are in danger of being cap-

tured by an enemy, the decision must be made to evacuate, destroy,

or abandon them. Evacuation is preferable to destruction and,

except in some cases involving munitions filled with war gas ( par.180), destruction is preferable to abandonment. The authorityto evacllate, destroy, or abandon chemical munitions must be ob-

tained from the responsible eommander.

128. Evocuotion

Evacuation to prevent capture mllst be in the following priority :

a,. Secret or confidential munitions or components.

b. Primers, fuzes, items in short supply, munitions filled withwar gas. (table VII, app III).

c. Other items, as transportation is available.

129. Destruction qnd Abondonment

The conditions under which munitions will be destroyed willvary according to such factors as the tactical situation, securityclassification of the munition (AR 380-5), quantity and locationof munitions, facilities for accomplishing destruction, and timeavailable. In general, ground chemical munitions can be destroyed

most effectively by burning, as described below. Small quantitiesof munitions can be destroyed by igniting them with their ownfuzes. Destrr-rction to prevent capture must be in the followingpriority :

ou. Secret or confidential munitions or components.

b. Primers, fuzes.

c. Items specifically designated as capable of being usecl withenemy equipment.

d. Fuzed munitions, such AS hand grettacles, captrble of being

used by an eltemy.

B4n(:() \(;() ll/'ll 85

e. Munitions not included in a,, b, c, and d above may be aban-doned, since their use by an enemy is unlikely, and they may beexpected to remain serviceable until recapture.

130. Munitions Filled with Wqr Gos

Munitions filled with war gas (table VII, appendix III) shouldbe evacuated if possible. If evacuation is impossible, such muni-tions will not be destroyed unless destruction is directed by thetheater army commander, since their destrr-rction will contaminatethe area, and if gas is not already in Llse in the theater, such actionmay provide the basis for a claim by the enemy that gas warfarehas been initiated (FM g-G).

I 3l . Methods of Destruction

a,. HC and Colored Smoke Munitions. Destroy these munitionsby burning or by mechanical means. See TM 9-1900 and TM 9-1901 for information on the destruction of artillery ammunition.

( 1) But'ning. Pile the mr"rnitions with all available flammablematerial such as brush or dunnage, poLlr gasoline overthe pile, and ignite it from a safe distance.

Varning.' Be sLlre that the smoke produced by burn-ing HC does not interfere with operations of nearbytactical units.

(2) Mechanical lneans. Puncture containers with tools orsmall-arms fire, and wet the filling.

b. WP-Filled Munitions. Pile the munitions in a pit or defiladedlocation and burn as in a (L) above.

Vurning: Be sLlre that the smoke produced by burning WPdoes not interfere with operations of nearby tactical units. Pro-vide personnel with protection from WP particles, since WP-filledmunitions contain explosive charges which will explode when heated.Remove rocket motors from WP-filled rocket warheads before burn-ing the warhead.

c. Munitions uith Incencliary Fillings. Destroy these munitionsby burning. To burn munitions with incendiary fillings, pile themand ignite as in cl ( 1) above.

( 1) Thermate-fillecl grenades and thermite-filled incendiariescan be used to destroy other mllnitions and equipment.

(2) Fire starters can be used to start fires for destroyingmunitions ancl eqLlipment.

tl . 'l'ltt't'tttrrl ( lt'tr('t'e,trtt' Sllt oke Pots. Destroy filled or unfilledllrtrt'ttt;tl ,l'('nlr';rlor stlrol<t' 1lots by burning as in a(I) above, orl)nltr'lurr' llrl oil clr:rlnf rr'r' rvillr lools ol' smttll-at"ms fire.

e. Land, Mines. Refer to paragraph 130 for information on

destroying munitions filled with war gas. Puneture empty land

mines with tools or small-arms fire, or smash them with heavy

implements.

f . Firing Components and Accessories. Destroy explosive orflammable firing components and accessories by piling in a pit ordefiladed location and burning as in a (L) above.

Varning: Provide personnel with protection from flying frag-ments of metal, since heat will cause explosive components todetonate.

B6 87

APPENDIX I

REFERENCES

ARAR

AR

AR

ARSR

SRSRDA

DADADADA

F'M

F'MFMFMFMFMFMFMFMFMIIMIIM

I,' l\'l

55-10555-155

55-225

55-228

380-555-730-10

320-5-1324-50-1Pam 108-1

PamPamPamPam

3-5

3-83-655-259-620-322t-52r-62r-82r-3027-,lo2t tl

: I ts

Transportation by Commercial Means; General.Traffic Requirements and Procedures Governing

Domestic Route Orders.Transportation of Explosives and other Danger-

ous Articles.Transportation by Water of Explosives and Haz-

ardous Cargo.Safeguarding Defense Information.United States Army, Navy, and Air Force Joint

Ocean Shipping Procedures.Dictionary of United States Army Terms.Autho rized Abbreviations.Index of Army Motion Pictures, Television Re-

cordings, and Filmstrips.310-1 Index of Administrative Publications.310-2 Index of Blank Forms.310-3 Index of Training Publications.310-4 Index of Technical Manuals, Technical Regula-

tions, Technical Bulletins, Supply Bulletins,Lubrication orders, and Modification workOrders.

Tactics and Technique of Chemi cal, Biological,and Radiological Warf are.

Chemical Corps Reference Handbook.Chemical Depot Company.Explosives and Demolitions.ordnance Ammunition service in the Field.Empioyment of Land Mines.Military Training.Techniques of Mil itary Instruction.Military Training Aids.Military Symbols.Defense Against CBR Attack.Srl(li('r''s Manual for Defense Against CBR At-

Irrcl<.('l ili'l'l';ritrittg I,)x('1.(.isr,s.

FM 23-30TM 3-205TM 3-2L5TM 3-220TM 3-250TM 3-255TM 3-290TM 3-366TM 9-1900TM 9-1901TM 38-705

Hand and Rifle Grenades.Protectiveive Masks and AccessoriesMilitary Chemistry and Chemical Agents.Decontamination.Storage and Shipment of Dangerous Chemicals.

Chemical Filling and Handling EquipmentIndividual Protective and Detection EquipmentFlame Thrower and Fire Bomb Fuels.Ammunition, General.Artillery Ammunition.Army Shipping Document.

Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations.

BBn(i() 4:t'/lt

B9

ical .

APPENDIX II

QUANTITY.DISTANCE STORAGE TABLES

Table V. Group C and D Chetnical Munitions't,(Without explosive components; packaged in approved storage containers.)

Total weight ofchemical fillins

in stack (pounds)Minimum allowable distanee (feet) from

From_ To-Inhabitedbuilding

Publicrailway

Publichighway Magazine

1001,0005,000

10,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

100,000200,000300,000400,000

1,0005,000

10,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000

751151501902L5235250260270280295300375450525600

7511515019021,5

235250260270280295300375450525600

751151501902L5235250260270280295300375450525600

50

75100125L45155165L75185190195200250300350400

* Quantity-distance storage tables for group A and B chemical munitions without explosivecomponents are not established, since no explosive hazard exists.

Table VL Chemical Munitions Assernbled with, Erptosiae Components

Total weight ofexplosives in

stack (pounds) Inhabitedbuildins

Minimum allowable distance (feet) from

Publicrailway

500,000

APPENDIX III

GROUND CHEMICAL MUNITIONSFILLED BY CHEMICAL CORPS

Table VII. Grouncl Chemical Munitions Filled b11 th,a Chemtcal Corps

Filline

Munition

Smoke, Oil, SGF2, M6

TypeWeight

( pounds )

Candle, SGFz 0.20

TyrreWeieht

( grams )

Canister, Smoke, 1"05-mm

Shell, Ml.Canister, Smoke, Colored, 105-

mm Shell, M2 ( Red' Green,Violet, Yellow).

Canister, Smoke, 155-mmShell, M1.

Canister', Smoke, L55-mmShell, M2.

Canister, Smoke, Colored, 155-

mm Shell, M3 ( Red, Green,Violet, Yellow).

Canister, Smoke, Colored, 1"55-

mm Shell, M4 ( Red, Green,Violet, Yellow).

Canister, Smoke, 5-inch Pro-jectile, Ni5.

HC

RS, GSVS, YS

HC

HC

RS, GSVS, YS

RS, GSVS, YS

WP

750

440,410410,390

2,590

1,360

1,500, 1,5001 ,500, 1,350

750,750750,760

7.06 lb.

391

392

387

388

TypeWeieht(ounces)

Grenade, Rifle, Smoke, M19A1Grenade, Rifle, Smoke, Col-

ored, M22 ( T8E1) ( Red,Green, Violet, Yellow) .

Grenade, Rifle, Colored SmokeStreamer, M23 (TLZ) ( Red,Green, Violet, Yellorv) .

90

WPRS, GSVS, YS

RS, GSVS, YS

8.5

'7.0

6.4

Reference

Munition

Rocket, Smoke, 2.36-inch, M10Rocket, Smoke, 2.36-inch

M10A1.Rocket, Smok e, 2.36-inch,

M1042.Rocket, Smok e, 2.36-inch,

M10A3.Rocket, Smok e, 2.36-inch,

M10A4.Rocket, Smoke, 3.5-inch, M30_Rocket, HVAR, Smoke, 5.0-

inch, Mk 4 Mod 1.

Rocket, Gas, 7.2-inch, M25__-Navy munition

Cml CDirective Shell, Smoke, 57-mm, M308A1

Shell, Smoke, 60-mm, M302 - _ _

Shell, Smoke, 75-mm, M311A1Shell, Smoke, 75-mm, M64--__Shell, Smoke, 75-mm, M64-___Shell, Smoke, 3-inch (76-mm),

M312, Smokeless.Shell, Smoke, 81-mm, M5?_____

Shell, Smoke, 81-mm, M57____Shell, Smoke, 90-mm, M313___Shell, Smoke, BE, HC, 10b-

ffiffi, M84.Shell, Smoke, Colored, BE,

105-mm, M84.Shell, Smoke, 105-mm, MGO___Shell, Smoke, 105-mm, M60___Shell, Smoke, 105-mm, MBZ5__Shell, Smoke, 115-mm, ML04_ _

Shell, Smoke, 115-mm, M104__Shell, Smoke, 155-mm, M10b__Shell, Smoke, 155-mm, M10S__Shell, Smoke, 155-mm, M110_ _

Shell, Smoke, 155-mm, M110_ _

Shell, Srnoke, BE, HC, 1bb-ffiffi, M116.

Shell, Smoke, Colored, BE,155-mrn, M116.

389

390

None.

Reference

TM 9-1900TM 9-1981

WP-- do --

do----do-- -

FSWP

WPFSWPHC

GS, RSYS, VSWPFSWP

_ _do_

FSWPFSWPFSHC

GS, RSYS, VS

Filline

Weight(pounds)

0.89

--do-

_ _do_

_ _do_

- -do-

2.2319.3

20.6

0.370.7 6

1.351.351.51

0.73

4.094.597.975.08

2.7 r 2.92.5,2.74.064.6L4.06

15.68

16.9015.6016.9015.6016.902.00

11.6, 11.610.6, 11.6

Reference

TM 1-1900TM 9-1950

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.Navy muni-

tion.TM 9-1950

TM 9-1901Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.

Do.Do.Do.Do.

Do.

Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.

Do.

9r

Munition

Shell, Gas, Persistent' 1-05-

rnrn, M60.Shell, Gas, Persistent, 155-

trllrlr M104.Shell, Gas, Persistent, 155-

rrlrn, M110.Shell, Gas, NonPersistent,

105-mm, M360.

Shell, Gas, NonPersistent'155-mm, M121.

Shell, Gas, NonPersistent'155-mm, ML22'

Shell, Smoke, A'Z-ineh

tar, M2.Shell, Gas, Persistent,

inch Mortar, M2'Shell, Gas, Persistent,

inch Mortar , M2'Shell, Gas, Persistent,

inch Mortar, M2'Shell, Gas, NonPersistent,

inch Mortar, M2.Shell, Gas, NonPersistent,

inch Mortar, M2.Shell, Gas, NonPersistent,

inch Mortar, TL72'

Mor-

4.2-

4.2-

4.2-

4.2-

4.2-

4.2-

4.2-inch

4.Z-inch

4.Z-inch

Shell, Gas, Irritant'Mortar, M2.

Shell, Gas, Irritant'Mortar, M2-

Shell, Gas, Irritant'Mortar, M2.

FillingReference

Weight( pounds )

H, HD

H, HD

H, HD

GB

- -do-

-do-

WP, FS, FM

H

HD

HT

CK

CG

GB

CNB

CNC

CNS

TM 9-1901

Do.

Do.

None.

None.

None.

3.17

11.70

11.70

l.'l

6.3

L.7

7.50

6.20

6.00

5.75.

5.00

6.25

3.2

5.45

7.00

TM 9-1901

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

92

n(:() l:l?ll93

INDEX

Accessories, firing-Agents, special-purpose_ __

Blasting caps-Blasting machines-

Chemical hand grenades (table III)Misfires- --Operation in extreme cold_Purpose.- - _Safety precautions_Shipment* -Storage- - -

Chemical munitions:Fillings- _ -Markings--

Circuits:Choice of--Electric firingTypes-

Components, firing-Cord, detonating-

Destruction and evacuation of munitions_

Electric firing circuits-- _

Electric squibEvacuation of munitions-

Field storageFilling and fuzing smoke pots-Fillings:

Chemical-- 4Incendiary- 4dLand mine- 118, LI4Thermal generator smoke pots ( table II ) _ 24

Fire fighting-- LZ6Fire starters :

M1_M2_

Fire starters and incendiaries (table IV)Firing:

Paragraphs Page

L22,13U 73,964b3

LzTbI22b

29

32

33

30

31

34L24, L25

4

3

L23dr23

L23c

IzLIZLc

I29

r23lZLa

L28

125b

24

80-8384-87

80

70

73

2730

31

30

3031

81

3

3

8075

7769

7L

84

75

6984

822L

3

4652l82

51

5451

Accessories lZZ,lBU TB, g6Circuits, electric LZg 75Compottt'ttts Lzl,lgLf 69, g6Snrof<t. ltofs 7 gW i rr' l.22a 7g

First aid:AN-M8 grenade--AN-M14 grenade-CN-DM gas-M7A1 grenade ---M18 grenade --M25A1 grenade .--White phosphorous-

Fog oil-Fuse:

Lighters--Safety

Fuses:M201A1 ignitins -M206A1 detonatingM207AL floating smoke PotM208 floating smoke PotM209 electric floating smoke Pot-MZL0 incendiary-

Gases, war-Galvonometers- - -Grenade projection adapter, M2A1- --Grenades, hand, chemical (table III)

AN-M8_--AN-M14__

Conversion to bursting munitionModification for electrie ignition--

M6_M7_M7A1M15_M18M25A1

Ground ehemical munitions filled by Chemical CorPS- - -

Igniter boxes-Incendiary:

Fillings-, -Munitions, methods of destruction-

IneendiariesM1A1M1A2-M2A1M4-

Land mine, chemical, one-gallon:Description-Exploding the mines-FillingFiring, preparing for-

94

t04b

4dI37c

Table IV88-9394-97

98-1 03

104-110

1L2116

ll3,114115

Paragraphs Page

60 4L

73 47

38 32

43 34

65 4250 38

55 39

4c4

l2le 72

LzId 7T

36 31

53 38

20c 18

23c 2I23c 2l94 57

43l22c 75

76-79 4929 27

58-62 40

68-75 43

7r 4670 44

36-40 31

46,47 35, 36

41-45 3453-57 3863-67 4L

48-52 36

App. III 90

Land mine, chemical, one-gallon-Continued.Functioning-Marking and packing__Methods of destruction_Storage and shipment _

Use-Lighters, fuse

Machines, blasting-Magazine storage requirements_Markings on chemical munitions_Mine, land, chemical, one-gallonMisfires:

Chemical hand grenades __

Smoke pots_Mixtures:

Smoke-Thermite-base_____

Munitions, chemical:Fillings--_Markings--

Oil, fog-Oxidizer boxes

Phosphorolls, white_Pots, smoke (table I) _ -

AN-M7 ___

M1_M4A2_M5_Mk 5 Mod 2---

Projection adapter, chemical grenad e, MZA1_____

Quantity-distance storage tables_

Record and report forms_References -

Safety fuseSafety precautions:

Hand grenades--M4 incendiarySmoke pots

Shipment and storageChemical hand grenades__ ____ 84,Fire fighting'__Incendiaries-

Quantity-distanee storage tables_Smol<e pots ____ L0.

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Smoke pots (table I) --Burning pots, concealing glare of-----Description-Methods of firing- ----'--Misfires---Safety precautions-Shipment---Storage- - -

Special-purpose agents - -Squib, electricStarters, fire-

Storage, field

Tables:f. Smoke pots-

II. Filling for thermal generator smoke pots

III. Chemical hand grenades- -IV. Fire starters and incendiaries-V. Quantity-distance storage tables

VI. Chemical munitions assembled with explosive

components.VII. Ground chemical munitions filled by Chemical

CorPs.Tear gases-Thermite-base mixtures -

Visibility of colored smokes

Vomiting gases- -

War gases-White phosPhorous-Wire, firing-Wires, sPlicing- -

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By Order of Wilber M. Brucker, Secretary of the Army:

MAXWELL D. TAYLOR,Genera), United States Army,

Official:JOHN A. KLEIN,

Major Gener"a,l, United States Army,The Adiutant General.

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Distribution:Actiae Army:

CNGB ( 1)Tec Svc, DA ( 1) except

ccMl,o (50)Tec Svc Bd (2)Hq CONARC (10)CONARC Bd ( Incl ea

Test Sec) (1)Army AA Comd (5)OS Maj Comd (5)OS Base Comd (5)CMLC Materiel Comd (15)CMLC Tng Comd (5)CMLC Engr Comd (25')Log Comd (5)MDW (1)Armies ( 5 )Corps ( 5 )Div (5)Brig (3)Rest/Gp (3)

NG: State AG (6) ; units-sameone copy to eaeh unit.

Bn (2)Co (1)Ft & Cp (2)usMA (10)Gen & Br Svc Sch (3) except

Cml Sch ( 50 )Ord Sch (165)

PMSr (3)Gen Depots (2)Cml Sec, Gen Depots (5)Depots (2) exeept

Cml Depots (5)Army Terminals (5)Trans Terminal Comd (5)POE (OS) (5)OS Sup Agencies (2)PG (5)Arsenals ( 3 )Mil Dist ( 1)Cml Proc Dist (4)

as Active Army except allowanee is

USAR: None.

For explanation of abbreviations used, see SR 320-50-1.

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Documents

Tm-3-300 1956 Ground Chemical