TM thi công

TI: BN VIN CHM CU TRUNG NG - H NIPhn THI CNG***************************

174CHNG 1: TNG QUAN CNG TRNH

174I.V TR XY DNG CNG TRNH

175II.C IM CU TO CNG TRNH

1752.1.KIN TRC

1752.2.KT CU THN NH

1752.3.NN MNG

III.IU KIN A CHT CNG TRNH , A CHT THY VN176176IV.IU KIN THI CNG

1764.1.TNH HNH CUNG NG VT T

1764.2.MY MC V THIT B THI CNG

1764.3.NGUN NHN CNG XY DNG

1774.4.NGUN NC THI CNG

1774.5.NGUN IN THI CNG

1774.6.GIAO THNG TI CNG TRNH

1774.7.THIT B AN TON LAO NG

177V.NHN XT

178VI.CC GIAI ON THI CNG CNG TRNH

1786.1.GIAI ON CHUN B

1786.2.GIAI ON THI CNG CHNH

1786.3.GIAI ON HON THIN

180CHNG 2 : THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI

180I.LA CHN PHNG N THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI

1801.1.PHNG PHP THI CNG S DNG NG CHNG VCH

1801.2.PHNG PHP THI CNG BNG GUNG XON

1801.3.PHNG PHP THI CNG PHN TUN HON

1801.4.PHNG PHP THI CNG GU XOAY V DUNG DCH BENTONITE GI VCH

1811.5.LA CHN PHNG PHP THI CNG V GI VCH H KHOAN

181II.THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI THEO PHNG PHP CHN

1812.1.CNG TC CHUN B

1812.2.CNG TC THI CNG CHNH

1892.3.KIM TRA CHT LNG CC KHOAN NHI

1892.3.1.PHNG PHP TNH

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc326046643"

2.4.CHN THIT B C GII PHC V CNG TC THI CNG191

1912.4.1.CHN BA RUNG H NG VCH

1922.4.2.MAY KHOAN

1922.4.3. MY TRN BENTONITE

2193.4.4.CHN CN CU

1942.4.5.CHN THIT B DNG CHO CNG TC PH B TNG U CC

1972.4.6.S LNG NHN CNG TRONG 1 CA

1972.4.7.THI GIAN THI CNG 1 CC KHOAN NHI

199CHNG 3: THI CNG O H MNG

1991. LA CHN BIN PHP H MNG.

1991.1. CC PHNG PHP THI CNG T.

1991.2. CHN BIN PHP THI CNG T.

2002. TNH TON TNG C CHN T

2002.1.XC NH TI TRNG LN THNH H O

2042.2. THI CNG TNG C.

2042.2.1. KHI LNG CNG TC

2042.2.2. THI CNG P C

2043. THI CNG O T

2043.1. lp bin php o t:

2053.2. TNH TON KHI LNG O T:

2053.2.1. KHI LN O T BNG MY:

2063.2.2. KHI LNG O T BNG TH CNG:

2084. CHN MY THI CNG T:

2084.1. TNH TON KH NNG CHU TI CA T LP MT:

2084.2. CHN MY O T:

2114.4. TNH S CNG LAO NG SA H MNG BNG TH CNG:

2114.5. TNH TON THOT NC

2114.6.THI CNG THOT NC MT

2124.7.LA CHN MY BM

2135.THIT K TUYN DI CHUYN KHI THI CNG BNG MY O:

215CHNG 4: THI CNG B TNG I GING MNG

2151.VN KHUN I CC

2151.2.TNH TON VN KHUN I MNG

2151.3.TI TRNG TC DNG LN VN KHUN THNH I MNG

2161.4.KIM TRA SN VN KHUN TIU CHUN

2171.5.KIM TRA SN NGANG

2171.6.KIM TRA SN NG V THANH CHNG

2201.7.1.LP DNG VN KHUN I MNG

2211.7.1.2.LP DNG VN KHUN GING MNG

2211.8.CNG TC B TNG

2221.8.2.CUNG CP B TNG

225CHNG 5: THI CNG B TNG PHN THN

2251.CNG TC VN KHUN

225CC YU CU CHUNG I VI CNG TC VN KHUN

2261.1.VN KHUN CT (THIT K CHO TNG IN HNH)

2311.2.VN KHUN SN

2341.3.VN KHUN DM

2401.4.VN KHUN TNG TNG HM

2421.5.VN KHUN VCH CNG

2431.5.2.TNH TON VN KHUN VCH CNG

2442.CNG TC B TNG

2442.1.PHN T PHN ON

2482.2.TNH TON KHI LNG B TNG CC PHN T

2512.3.CUNG CP B TNG

2532.3.4. B TNG CC CU KIN

2552.4.CHN THIT B THI CNG

2603.CNG TC CT THP

2603.1.YU CU CHUNG

2613.2.CNG TC CT THP MNG

2613.3.CNG TC CT THP DM SN

2623.4.CNG TC CT THP CT VCH

274Chng 7: TONG BNH O THI CONG

2741.LAP TONG MAT BANG THI CONG

2741.1.C S VA MUC CH TNH TOAN

2751.1.3.NOI DUNG BO TR

2782.TNH TOAN S BO LAP TONG MAT BANG THI CONG

285Chng 7: AN TOAN LAO ONG

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN CNG TRNHI.V TR XY DNG CNG TRNH.Ta lc ti phng Thi Thnh, qun ng a, thnh ph H Ni, cng trnh nm v tr p, to im nhn ng thi to nn s hi ho hp l v hin i cho tng th quy hoch ca thnh ph.

Cng trnh nm trn trc ng giao thng chnh thun li cho vic cung cp vt t v giao thng ngoi cng trnh.

II.C IM CU TO CNG TRNH 2.1. KIN TRC Mt bng cng trnh hnh ch nht rt thch hp vi kt cu nh cao tng, thun tin trong vic s l kt cu. Chiu di 48m, chiu rng 23,5m chim din tch t xy dng l 1128 m2.

- Cng trnh gm 21 tng, ct 0,00 m c chn t ti mt sn tng trt. - Tng hm ct -3,500m. Nn t t nhin ti ct -1.05 m. Mi tng in hnh cao 3,9m, ring tng di cng cao 4,5m. Chiu cao cng trnh l 84,75m tnh t ct 0,00 m v 88,25m k c tng hm.

2.2. KT CU THN NH- Gii php kt cu chnh ca cng trnh l li kt hp khung chu lc chnh.- Tng bao che bng gch ng dy 20 cm.

- Tng ngn bng gch ng dy 10 cm.

- Ca bng khung nhm knh.

- Vt liu

B tng s dng cho kt cu bn trn dng B30

Ct thp gn (10 dng cho kt cu bn trn dng loi AII

Ct thp trn ( W yu cu ca tng c, chn c AU14 l m bn kh nng chu lc.

2.2. THI CNG TNG C.2.2.1. KHI LNG CNG TCTnh ton khi lng vn c cn p cho ton b h mng:

- Chu vi h mng : U= 125,8 m

- Chiu su cn p vn c : 11,5m so vi mt t t nhin.

- Chiu di mt on c l12 m.

2.2.2. THI CNG P C

Dng cc my dng ( my p, my dung, ba my) thi cng tng c.Trong qu trnh thi cng c b phn trc c phi thng xuyn xc nh thng ng v tim tuyn c c p. Nhng thanh c khng m bo tiu chun ngay thng phi c nh ln thi cng li.

Chiu su p c tnh t ct thin nhin l 11,5m, sau khi p c xong tin hnh thi cng o t.

3. THI CNG O T3.1. LA CHN BIN PHP O TKhi thi cng o t c 2 phng n : o bng th cng v o bng my.

- Nu thi cng theo phng php o th cng th tuy c u im l d t chc theo dy chuyn, nhng vi khi lng t o ln th s lng nhn cng cng phi ln mi m bo rt ngn thi gian thi cng, do vy nu t chc khng tt th rt kh khn gy tr ngi cho nhau dn n nng sut lao ng gim, khng m bo kp tin .

- Khi thi cng bng my, vi u im ni bt l rt ngn thi gian thi cng, m bo k thut. Tuy nhin vic s dng my o o h mng ti cao trnh thit k l khng nn v mt mt nu s dng my o n cao trnh thit k s lm ph v kt cu lp t lm gim kh nng chu ti ca t nn, hn na s dng my o kh to c bng phng thi cng i mng. V vy ta ch o thnh ao mng bng my n cao trnh (- 4,0m), cn li ta s o th cng thnh cc h mng.

T nhng phn tch trn, em chn kt hp c 2 phng php o t h mng. Cn c vo phng php thi cng cc, kch thc i mng v ging mng ta chn gii php o sau y:

- t c o bng my t cao trnh mt t t nhin - 0,80 ti cao trnh - 4,0 m.

- t bng my v kt hp sa th cng t cao trnh - 4,0 m n cao trnh -4,8 m.

Do chiu su h o ln, lp t o l st xm na cng c m l W=24% trng thi m, ta tin hnh thi cng t theo hai giai on:

- Giai on 1: ta o t ct t nhin -0,8 n ct -3,6 su o l 2,8m.

- Giai on 2: ta o t ct -3,6 n ct y i su o l 1,1m.

dc cc mi o ca cc h mng ca i l i = 0,5. o bng th cng cho tng mng

3.2. TNH TON KHI LNG O T 3.2.1. KHI LNG O T BNG MY:image21.emf

Khi lng o bng my c tnh trn din tch trong phm vi h chn bng tng c. Khong cch t mp ngoi i mng n tng c l 1,5m.

Din tch h mng l: Fhm = 1092,03m2. Chiu dy lp t o l: H = 2,8m.

Vy khi lng t o bng my l:

Vmy = Fhm(H = 1092,03(2,8 = 3057,684 m3. 3.2.2. KHI LNG O T TH CNG:y i t su -4,8m so vi ct 0,00m nm trong lp t st pha na cng, hon ton nm trn mc nc ngm. Tra bng 5-1 S tay thc hnh kt cu cng trnh ta c dc mi t l tg( = H/B =1: 0,5. Cc h mng c y vung m rng t mp ra chn Taluy 50cm

1. Mng M1:

a1 = b1 = 3,6+2(0,5 = 4,6 m.

Chiu dy lp t o l: H1 = 1,1 m

Kch thc y trn h mng:

a2 = b2 = b1 +2(0,5(H1 = 4,6+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 6,8 (m)

Vy khi lng t o th cng cc mt h mng l:

V1 =

= = 36,18 (m3)

2. Mng M2.

a1 = 4,4+2(0,5 = 5,4 m.

b1 = 3,6+2(0,5 = 4,6 m.



a2= a1 +2(0,5(H1 = 5,4+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 6,5 (m)

b2= b1 +2(0,5(H1 = 4,6+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 5,7 (m)


V2 =

= = 68,55(m3)

3. Mng M3.

a1 = 4+2(0,5 = 5 m.

b1 = 2+2(0,5 = 3 m.



a2= a1 +2(0,5(H1 = 5+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 6,1 (m)

b2= b1 +2(0,5(H1 = 3+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 4,1 (m)


V3 =

= = 21,784 (m3)

4. Mng M4.

a1 = 6+2(0,5 = 7 m.

b1 = 3,6+2(0,5 = 4,6 m.



a2= a1 +2(0,5(H1 = 7+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 8,1 (m)

b2= b1 +2(0,5(H1 = 4,6+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 5,7 (m)


V4 =

= = 42,882(m3)

5. Mng MT.

a1 = 15+2(0,5 = 16 m.

b1 = 13,4+2(0,5 = 14,4 m.

Chiu dy lp t o l: H1 = 1,1m


a2= a1 +2(0,5(H1 = 16+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 17,1 (m)

b2= b1 +2(0,5(H1 = 14,4+ 2(0,5(1,1 = 15,5 (m)


V5 =

= = 272,3(m3)

Vy khi lng t o bng th cng l:

V = 8(V1 + 4(V2 + 4(V3 +6(V4 +1(V5

= 8(36,18+4(68,55+4(21,784+6(42,882+1(272,3

= 1180,4 (m3).

4. CHN MY THI CNG O T4.1. TNH TON KH NNG CHU TI CA T LP MT

Lp t mt l lp t ct lp dy 0,7m, c mdun bin dng E1 = 1000Kpa, ( = 18(KN/m3), Wo = 21,4 % nn m bo cho cc my cc loi my o bnh xch v t c th hot ng m khng cn gia c.4.2. CHN MY O T- La chn my thi cng c nng sut o trong 1 ca khong 442m3 l c li nht v mt kinh t (v ch cn mt loi my phc v thi cng o t v s dng c my vi hiu sut cao nht).

- Do mi ngy, xe ch t ch c th hot ng trong thnh ph t 9h ti hm trc n 5h sng hm sau, nn 1 ca lm vic ca my o ly l 7 ting (nh i vi cc khoan nhi)

Cn c chn my: do h o khng su ((KG/cm2)

Thoa man ieu kien ve cng o .

Kiem tra theo ieu kien o vong

Thoa man ieu kien ve o vong.

1.6.KIM TRA SN NG V THANH CHNG Cac he sn ng cach nhau 60 cm.

Sn ng lam viec nh 1 dam lien tuc co cac goi la cac thanh chong ngang va xien, khoang cach cay chong cung la khoang cach cac goi ta la 0.6m. Tuy nhien e n gian va an toan chu lc, ta at cac thanh chong tai cac cao o co sn ngang, khi o cac lc tap trung t sn ngang truyen vao sn ng se truyen thang xuong goi ( chnh la cac thanh chong ngang va chong xien). Vi cach cau tao nay, am bao sn ng ch can tiet dien nho van am bao kha nang chu lc va o vong cua no. Vay sn ng ta tien hanh chon theo cau tao (49x2.0 ( Bang vi tiet dien sn ngang).

Lc tap trung tieu chuan do sn ngang truyen vao thanh sn ng.

P = qtc . lsd = 1485 x 0.6 = 891 kG

Lc tap trung tnh toan do sn ngang truyen vao thanh sn ng.

P = qtt . lsd = 1930.5 x 0.6 = 1158.3 kG

T cac lc tap trung tren, ta tien hanh tnh toan va kiem tra thanh chong xien va ngang.

Nhan xet: Thanh chong chu lc doc truc, lc nen ln nhat tac dung len thanh chong bang phan lc cua sn ngang tac dung len sn ng truyen vao thanh chong bang 1158.3 kG. S dung giao chong cong trng, kha nang chu lc toi thieu (khi dai nhat) la 1500kG va toi a la 2000KG (khi ngan nhat) am bao kha nang chu lc.

Ghi chu: Phan van khuon ging mng ta cung cau tao tng t nh cop pha ai mong, s dung cop pha thep tieu chuan 900x300 mm.

VN KHUN AI MONG VA GING MNG

1.7.LP DNG VN KHUN I MNG V GING MNG1.7.1.LP DNG VN KHUN I MNG Lay dau tim va chu vi ai coc. Cac tam vn khun thep kch thc 300x1500 c dng theo chieu ng, lien ket lai vi nhau bang chot thep, tai cac goc lien ket bang cac tam goc ngoai.

Co nh tam vn khun thanh, sau o tien hanh lap dng lan lt cac sn ngang va sn ng, cuoi cung co nh chac chan bang cac ong chong thep at vao sn ng. (Do kch thc mong kha ln nen ta tien hanh lap dng tai cho ma khong gia cong trc).

anh g cot thep, nghiem thu cong viec va chuan b o be tong mong.

1.7.1.2.LP DNG VN KHUN GING MNG Thc hien cac bc lap dng tng t nh vi vn khun ai mong (Cac tam vn khun tieu chuan cung c dng theo chieu ng).

1.8.CNG TC B TNG1.8.1.KHI LNG B TNG MNG, GING MNG Mong M1: (3.6x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 8 cai

VM1=8x3.6x3.6X1.5=155.52 m3 Mong M2: (4.4x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 4 cai

VM2=4x4.4x3.6X1.5=95.04 m3 Mong M3: (2.0x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 4 cai

VM3=4x2.0x3.6X1.5=43.20 m3 Mong M4: (6.0x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 6 cai

VM4=6x6.0x3.6X1.5=194.40 m3 Mong M5: (15.0x13.4x2.0) m

So lng: 1 cai

VM5=1x15.0x13.4X2.0=402 m3Tong khoi lng be tong mong (Co tr i phan o sau chung vi san ham)

VM=(155.52+95.04+43.20+194.40+402) [{2.08x2.58x4+2.15x3.6x4+

+3.09x2.19x4+(2.1x2+1.5x1.0)x 4 +(3.07x1.48+2.12x4.57)x4 +

+5.15x3.6x2+15x13.4}]x0.25 = 790.83 m3 Be tong vn khun (30x80) cm (Co tr i phan o sau chung vi san ham)

Tong chieu dai ging mng:71.74 m

Vd=0.3x0.55x71.74=11.84 m3 Khoi lng be tong t 1:

V1 = VM + Vd = 790.83 + 11.84 = 802.67 m3Lu y: Phan be tong lot mong va a giang c tien hanh o thu cong trc khi o be tong mong va giang mong Khoi lng be tong lot mong ging mng:

Vbtl={8x3.8x3.8+4x(4.6x3.8+2.2x3.8)+

+6x6.2x3.8+15.2x13.6+71.74x0.3}x0.1=58.85 m31.8.2.CUNG CP B TNG1.8.2.1.LA CHN PHNG PHP THI CNG B TNG Hien nay ang ton tai ba dang chnh ve thi cong be tong:

Thu cong hoan toan.

Che tron tai cho.

Be tong thng pham.

Thi cong be tong thu cong hoan toan ch dung khi khoi lng be tong nho va pho bien trong khu vc nha dan. Tnh trang chat lng cua loai be tong nay rat that thng va khong c theo doi theo ung cac tieu chuan ve kiem tra chat lng be tong. V the loai be tong nay c dung vi so lng t trong cong trnh cho cac cau kien phu khong quan trong.

Viec che tron be tong tai cho thng danh cho nhng cong trnh rat ln hoac cac khu co khoi lien hp cac cong trnh ang xay dng (Cong trnh ng cao toc hoac cac quan the chung c cao oc). Vi phng phap nay, ta tiet kiem c chi ph chuyen ch rat ln. Tuy nhien phng phap lai oi hoi mot so von bo ra rat ln cho viec au t trang thiet b may moc, ong thi la viec ao tao oi ngu can bo van hanh, v the ch that s thch hp vi khoi lng thi cong be tong rat ln.

Be tong thng pham ang c nhieu n v s dung tot. Be tong thng pham co nhieu u iem trong khau bao am chat lng va thi cong thuan li. Be tong thng pham ket hp vi may bm be tong la mot to hp rat hieu qua.

Xet rieng gia theo m3 be tong th gia be tong thng pham so vi be tong t che tao cao hn. Neu xet theo tong the th gia be tong thng pham ch con cao hn be tong t tron 15(20%. Nhng ve mat chat lng th viec s dung be tong thng pham kha on nh.

Tom lai, can bang gia cac yeu to va e am bao thi cong nhanh cung nh chat lng ket cau, chon phng phap thi cong bang be tong thng pham la hp ly hn ca. 1.8.2.2.YU CU K THUT YU CU K THUT I VI VA B TNG BM Va be tong bm la be tong c van chuyen bang ap lc qua ong cng hoac ong mem va c chay vao v tr can o be tong. Be tong bm khong ch oi hoi cao ve mat chat lng ma con yeu cau cao ve tnh de bm. Do o be tong bm phai am bao cac yeu cau sau:

Va be tong phai c tron that eu, ung thanh phan va cap phoi, ong thi phai am bao cac kch thc cot lieu sao cho thoi be tong qua c nhng v tr thu nho cua ng ong va qua c nhng ng cong khi bm. (Hon hp be tong bm co kch thc toi a cua cot lieu ln la 1/5 - 1/8 ng knh nho nhat cua ong dan, oi vi cot lieu hat tron co the len ti 40% ng knh trong nho nhat cua ong dan)

Yeu cau ve nc va o sut cua be tong bm co lien quan vi nhau va c xem la mot yeu cau cc ky quan trong. Lng nc trong hon hp co anh hng ti cng o, o sut va tnh de bm cua be tong. Lng nc tron thay oi tuy theo c hat toi a cua cot lieu va cho tng o sut khac nhau cua tng thiet b bm. Do o oi vi be tong bm can chon c o sut hp ly theo tnh nang cua loai may bm s dung va gi c o sut o trong qua trnh bm la yeu to rat quan trong. (Trong trng hp can thiet co the s dung them cac phu gia tang o deo)

Be tong bm can c am bao ve thi gian che tron, van chuyen t ni san xuat en v tr bm, o am trong thi gian ngan nhat. (neu keo dai qua 2 gi th chat lng be tong giam)

am bao ung cng o thiet ke. (Dung khuon 15x15cm e th)

1.8.2.3.VN CHUYN B TNGViec van chuyen be tong t ni tron en ni o be tong la khau rat quan trong can am bao:

S dung phng tien van chuyen hp ly, tranh e be tong b phan tang, b chay nc xi mang va b mat nc do nang, gio.

Thiet b, nhan lc va phng tien van chuyen can bo tr phu hp vi khoi lng, toc o tron, o va am be tong.

1.8.2.4. B TNG MNG o be tong lot a 4x6 day 100, oi vi phan nay ta phai tien han tron k v a 4x6 tng oi to. Tranh trng hp at a 4x6 len trc, sau o o va len dan en chat lng lp be tong lot kem.

o be tong khoi mong va tien hanh am k bang am dui.

Phng thc o be tong: s dung xe bm co can bm, co the bo tr 2 xe hai au cong trnh, o t gia rut dan ra.

Neu li cot thep ai mong chac chan co the s dung cac tam go ke trc tiep len cot thep lam san thao tac cho cong nhan.

CHNG 5: THI CNG B TNG PHN THN

1.CNG TC VN KHUN

CC YU CU CHUNG I VI CNG TC VN KHUN Trc khi xay dng mot cong trnh be tong vnh cu, ta phai xay dng mot cong trnh tam co hnh dang ung nh vay, o la cong trnh vn khun. Vn khun phai ap ng nhng yeu cau sau:

Phai ung kch thc cac bo phan ket cau cong trnh.

Phai ben, cng, khong bien dang, cong venh va phai on nh.

Phai gon, nhe, tien dung va de thao lap.

Cac khe noi cop pha phai kn kht e nc xi mang khoi chay ra ngoai.

Co the tai s dung c nhieu lan. e thoa man yeu cau nay th vn khun sau khi s dung xong phai c cao, tay ra sach se va bao quan ni thch hp.

Khi thiet ke vn khun, ta tnh toan cho cac bo phan cong trnh ien hnh va bo tr cho cac bo phan khac.

Yeu cau khi lap dng vn khun dan giao

Trc khi lap dng vn khun, dan giao can kiem tra k ve kha nang chu lc, o ben, o on nh cuc bo va tong the cua chung, kiem tra cac bo phan noi nh: chot, ren, moi han... Tuyet oi khong dung cac bo phan khong am bao yeu cau. Phai xac nh chnh xac cac cao trnh ay mong, cao trnh san tang, cao trnh ay dam, cao trnh ay san. anh dau truc va cac cao o cong trnh v tr thuan li viec cho viec lap dng va kiem tra cop pha.

Be mat vn khun tiep xuc vi be tong can c chong dnh.

vn khun thanh ben cua cac ket cau tng, san, dam va cot nen lap dng sao cho phu hp vi viec thao d sm ma khong anh hng en cac phan vn khun va gian giao con lu lai e chong (nh vn khun ay dam , san va cot chong).

Tru chong cua dan giao phai at vng chac tren nen cng, khong b trt va khong b bien dang khi chu tac dung cua tai trong va tac ong trong qua trnh thi cong.

Trong qua lap dng vn khun can cau tao mot so lo thch hp pha di e khi co ra mat nen nc va rac ban co lo thoat ra ngoai. Trc khi o be tong, cac lo nay c bt kn lai. Cung can chu y e lai lo ch cho cac chi tiet thep chon san theo thiet ke.

Trong khi o be tong phai bo tr ngi thng xuyen theo doi cay chong, khi can thiet phai co bien phap khac phuc kp thi va triet e.

vn khun va dan giao khi lap dng xong phai c nghiem thu theo TCVN 4453-95 trc khi tien hanh cac cong tac tiep theo.

1.1.VN KHUN CT (THIT K CHO TNG IN HNH)

1.1.1.CU TO

Cop pha cot c ghep bi cac tam vn khun tieu chuan , be rong cua tam vn khun tieu chuan c la chon sao cho phu hp vi kch thc cua cot. V s dung cac tam vn khun tieu chuan nen ta khong can kiem tra kha nang chu lc cua cac tam vn khun nay . Cot co tiet dien 600x600 cao 2.6m ( en v tr ay dam) nen s dung 2 vn khun co tiet dien 300x1200mm va 300x1500mm, lien ket cac tam vn khun lai vi nhau bang cac chot nem.

1.1.2.TNH VN KHUN CTA. TI TRNG TC DNG LN VN KHUN Ap lc cua va betong mi o tac dung vao thanh van khuon:

p1 = nxxH = 1.3x2500 x 0.75 = 2438(kG/m2)

Trong o

H = 0.75m. ( H R vi R=0.75 m: trng hp am trong).

n = 1.3: he so vt tai.

la trong lng rieng cua be tong.

Tai trong ong do o be tong vao van khuon

P = 1.3x400 = 520 (kG/m2)

Tai trong ngang tnh toan cua va be tong khi o va am la

Ptt = p1+p = 2438 + 520 = 2958 (kG/m2)

Tai trong ngang tieu chuan cua va be tong khi o va am la

Ptc = (kG/m2)

B. KIM TRA SN VN KHUN THANH CT Chon van khuon cot la van khuon tieu chuan co be rong b=30cm.

van khuon tieu chuan co 2 sn thep L63x63x5 co cac ac trng hnh hoc sau:

Jx= 23.1(cm4)

d = 5(mm)

z0= 1.74 (cm)

b = 6.3 (cm)

(cm3)

Xem van khuon thanh cot nh dam lien tuc goi len cac gong cot khoang cach gia cac gong cot: a = 50(cm) .

( S o tnh hnh ben )

Tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len tam van khuonqtc= (KG/m)

Tai trong tnh toan tac dung len tam van khuonqTT= 2958x0.3 = 887.4 (KG/m)

Kiem tra kha nang chu lc theo ieu kien ve cng o

Mmax (KGcm)

(KG/cm2)

Thoa man ieu kien ve cng o.

Kiem tra theo ieu kien o vong:

o vong cho phep vi cau kien nhn thay c la:

C. Thoa man ieu kien ve o vong .

D. TNH GING CT Xem gong nh dam n gian goi len 2 thanh gong theo phng vuong goc

Tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len gong cot

qTC =(KG/m)

Tai trong tnh toan tac dung len gong cot

qTT = 2958x0.5= 1479 (KG/m)

S o tnh gong cot:

Momen tac dung len gong cot

Mmax=(KGcm)

Chon gong co be rong b = 6 cm

Tnh chieu cao cua gong

h(cm)

=> Chon h =0.6 cm

e at yeu cau cau tao, ta nen bo tr 2 lo nem so le. V vay ta chon gong co cac kch thc: l=100(cm), h=0.6 (cm), b= 6(cm).



D. KIM TRA KH NNG CHU LC CA THANH CHNG XIN K-102 Gia s tnh cho tang cao nhat vi lc gio tnh ln nhat trong phan ket cau (Tang 17) ta co w=104.18 (KG/m2)

Quy tai trong ve dang phan bo eu

qgio= wxbc= 104.18x0.6= 62.51(KG/m)

Ta dung 2 cay chong cho moi mat cop pha

(at tren cung mot hang theo phng ng)

S o tnh ta xem cot nh mot thanh.

Xac nh lc doc trong thanh chong xien (goc chong gia nh la 600 va 300)

e n gian trong tnh toan, ta phan vung tai trong tac dung len hai thanh chong, sau o dung phng phap tach nut e tnh.

Ta nhan thay cot chong ben di co vung tai trong tac dung ln hn va goc gia nh chu lc nguy hiem hn nen se kiem tra cho cot chong ben di.

Tai trong ngang tap trung gia nh tac ong vao:

N= 62.51x(0.65+0.65)=81.26 KG.

Tai trong tac dung len cay chong:

N = 81.26xcos30o = 70.38 KG

Dung cot chong K-102 va kieu F

Kieu K-102 co thong so:

Chieu dai s dung maximum: 3500 (mm)

Chieu dai s dung minimum: 2500 (mm

Tai trong khi nen : 2000 (kg)

Tai trong khi keo : 1500(kg)

Kieu F co thong so:



Tai trong khi nen : 2000 (kg)

Tai trong khi keo : 1500(kg)

CAU TAO VN KHUN COT

image82.emf

1.1.3LP DNG VN KHUN Sau khi thi cong xong cot thep cot, ta tien hanh lap van khuon cot, bon mat cot c lap t di len bang van khuon thep nh hnh. Xung quanh cop pha cot co ong gong thep cach nhau 50cm e chu ap lc ngang cua va be tong va gi cho van khuon cot ung kch thc thiet ke.

Cot co chieu cao o be tong la 2.6m khong qua cao nen khong can bo tr ca o be tong (a ong voi voi t tren xuong). Chan cot pha cot co bo tr ca lam ve sinh trc khi o be tong.

e v tr cot khong b xe dch, ta dung cac ong chong xien ty xuong cac moc thep va sat hop nam ngang. (Moc thep c at san trong khi o be tong san).

Trong qua trnh lap van khuon cot e kiem tra cac phng ta dung may trac a (e kiem tra mat cat ngang cot) va cac qua doi (e kiem tra theo phng ng).

Gong khi thao can dung bua go nhe vao nem. Tuyet oi khong s dung gong lam cho ng trong khi ieu chnh cop pha va o be tong.

1.2.VN KHUN SN1.2.1CU TO van khuon thep tieu chuan co kch thc rat phong phu: chieu dai t 900-1800 (mm), chieu rong 100, 150 , 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 (mm) tuy theo tng o san cu the ma ta bo tr. Tuy nhien trong cong trnh nay ta s dung chu yeu la tam van khuon thep co kch thc 1200x300 (mm).

Cay Chong: Dung cot chong K-102 cua hang Hoa Phat, co cac ch tieu sau:


Chieu dai s dung minimum: 2000 (mm)

Trong lng: 10.2 (kg)

Tai trong khi nen: [Q] = 2000 (kg)

Tai trong khi keo: [Q] = 1500 (kg)

1.2.2.TNH TON VN KHUN SN Chu yeu s dung tam van khuon thep co kch thc 1200x300(mm)

Chon khoang cach gia cac sn san la 120(mm).

Khoang cach gia cac cay chong theo ca 2 phng la axb= 0.9x1.2(m)

A. TI TRNG TC DNG LEN 1M2 SNChieu day ban san gom 2 loai: 12mm. Ta, tnh toan cho ban san day 12mm Trong lng be tong:

q1=

Trong lng tam cop pha tieu chuan.

q2=

Hoat tai do ngi va dung cu thi cong.

q3=250 (kg/m2)

Tai trong do o be tong bang may (Ap lc be tong xa xuong san t gau va voi): q4=400 (kg/m2)

Tai trong do am rung.

q5=200 (kg/m2)

Tong tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len 1m2 van khuon san.

qTC=q1+q2+q3+q4+q5=375+36+250+400+200=1261 (kG/m2)

Tong tai trong tnh toan tac dung len 1m2 van khuon san.

qTT = 1.2q1+1.1q2+1.3x0.9(q3+q4+q5) = 1.2x375+1.1x36+1.3x(250+400+200)=1595(kG/m2)B. KIEM TRA SN COP PHA TIEU CHUAN

Cop pha tieu chuan co 2 sn thep L63x63x5 co cac ac trng hnh hoc sau:

Jx= 23.1(cm4)

d = 5(mm)

z0= 1.74 (cm)

b = 6.3 (cm)

(cm3)

S o tnh: xem sn cop pha nh dam n gian goi len 2 sn san nhp 120cm.

Tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len sn tam cop pha tieu chuan

qTC =

Tai trong tnh toan tac dung len sn tam cop pha tieu chuan

qTT=

Kiem tra kha nang chu lc theo cng o on nh cua tam cop pha

Mmax (KGcm)

(KG/cm2)




C. KIEM TRA SN SAN

Dung thep hop 10x5 (cm) co be day 1.5mm.

ac trng hnh hoc cua thep hop:

S o tnh: xem sn san nh dam lien tuc goi len cac cot chong co nhp 90(cm).

Tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len sn san

qTC = 1261x1.2= 1513.2(kG/m)

Tai trong tnh toan tac dung len sn san

qTT = 1595x1.2= 1914(kG/m)

Kiem tra kha nang chu lc theo ieu kien cng o

Mmax (KGcm)

(KG/cm2)




D. KIEM TRA COT CHONG

Khoang cach gia cac cay chong la axb = 0.9x1.2 (m)

Tai trong t san truyen xuong cot chong.

P= qTT.a.b = 1595 x0.9x1.2 =1722.6(kG) < 2000(kG)

Chon cot chong thep K-102 nh tren la hp ly.1.3.VN KHUN DM1.3.1.CU TO

Cau tao cop pha dam: cop pha ay, thanh dung cop pha tieu chuan kch thc chu yeu 1200x300(mm), sn ng dung thep hop 5x10 cm day 1.5 mm, a ngang dung thep hop 8x12 cm day 2mm, cot chong dung chong thep K-102.

(Hnh anh minh hoa c the hien cuoi phan tnh toan cop pha dam san)

1.3.2.TNH TON VN KHUN DM

A. TAI TRONG TAC DUNG LEN VAN KHUON AY DAM

Dung van khuon tieu chuan kch thc: 300x1200(mm)

Tai trong be tong dam.

q1= 0.7x0.3x2500 = 525(kG/m )

Tai trong ban than tam van khuonq2=

Hoat tai do ngi va dung cu thi cong.

q3=0.3x250=75 (kG/m)

Tai trong do o be tong bang may.

q4=0.3x400=120 (kG/m)

Tai trong do am rung.

q5=0.3x200=60 (kG/m)

Tong tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len van khuon ay dam.

qTC = q1+q2+q3+q4+q5=525+36+75+120+60 =741(kG/m)

Tong tai trong tnh toan tac dung len van khuon ay dam.

qTT =1.2q1+1.1q2+1.3x(q3+q4+q5) =1.2x525+1.1x36+1.3x(75+120+60) = 911.1(kG/m)

B. KIEM TRA SN VAN KHUON TIEU CHUAN AY DAM

Kiem tra sn thep L63x63x5 (Cac ac trng hnh hoc neu phan tren).

S o tnh: Xem sn van khuon tieu chuan nh dam n gian goi len 2 a dam, chu tac dung cua tai phan bo eu, co nhp 120cm.

Kiem tra kha nang chu lc theo cng o on nh cua tam van khuonMmax (KGcm)

(KG/cm2)




C. TAI TRONG TAC DUNG LEN VAN KHUON THANH

Ap lc ay ngang cua va be tong.

P =

Tai trong do o be tong bang may bm.

Pbm = 400 kG/m2 Tai trong do am rung.

Pam= 200 kG/m2

Tong tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len van khuon thanh

qTC= (1750+400+200)x0.3= 630(kG/m)

Tong tai trong tnh toan tac dung len van khuon thanh

qTT= (1750+400+200)x0.3x1.3= 819(kG/m)

D. KIEM TRA SN VAN KHUON THANH

Kiem tra sn thep L63x63x5 (Cac ac trng hnh hoc a neu phan tren)

S o tnh: Xem sn cop pha tieu chuan nh dam n gian goi len 2 sn ng, chu tac dung cua tai phan bo eu, co nhp 120 cm.

Kiem tra kha nang chu lc theo cng o on nh cua tam van khuonMmax (KGcm)

(KG/cm2)

Thoa man ieu kien ve cng o .



E. KIEM TRA SN NG

Dung thep hop 5x10 cm co be day 1.5 mm.

ac trng hnh hoc cua thep hop

S o tnh: xem sn ng nh dam n gian goi len 1 nep go va thanh chong xien (hoac cac sn cua cop pha san), chu tai t van thanh truyen vao di dang phan bo eu co nhp ln nhat 60cm (oi vi dam bien, cac dam gia sn ng co nhp nho hn)

Tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len sn ng

qTC=(1750+400+200)x1.2= 2520(kG/m)

Tai trong tnh toan tac dung len sn ng

qTT=(1750+400+200)x1.2x1.3 = 3276(kG/m)


Mmax (KGcm)

(KG/cm2)




Vi thanh chong xien (trong ieu kien co s dung) s dung thep hop 4x8cm day 1.5 mm. Khong can kiem tra kha nang chu lc do thep chu nen rat tot, am bao thoa man.

F. KIEM TRA SN VAN KHUON AY

Dung thep hop 8x12 cm co be day 2.0 mm.

ac trng hnh hoc cua thep hop

S o tnh: xem sn cop pha ay nh dam n gian goi len 2 cay chong cach nhau 0.6 m, chu tai trong t dam san truyen xuong. (Thc te tai trong san khong at trung v tr vi tai trong dam, tuy nhien do ta co hai san hai ben dam, v the khi qui tai trong tng san vao gia th phan moment do lect tam se t triet tieu).

Tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len sn cop pha ay

PTC= qTC1+qTC2Trong o:

qTC1: Tai trong tieu chuan truyen t cop pha ay dam

qTC2: Tai trong tieu chuan truyen t van khuon san

PTC= 741x1.2+2x1261x0.6x1.2= 2705.04(kG)

Tai trong tnh toan tac dung len sn cop pha ay

PTT= qTT1+qTT2Trong o:

qTT1: Tai trong tnh toan truyen t van khuon ay dam

qTT2: Tai trong tnh toan truyen t van khuon san

PTT= 911.1x1.2+2x1595x0.6x1.2= 3390.12(kG)


Mmax(KGcm)

(KG/cm2)




G. KIEM TRA COT CHONG

Lc tac dung len 1 cot chong.

< 2000 (KG)

Chon cot chong thep K-102 nh tren la hp ly.

Nhan xet: Phan sn van khuon san nh tnh toan van khuon trong phan san (em a trnh bay pha tren) lam viec nh mot dam lien tuc goi len cac thanh chong co nhp 90cm, tuy nhien phan sn cop pha san tiep giap vi dam th lai lam viec nh dam lien tuc goi len cac thanh chong cua cop pha dam co nhp 120 cm. Kiem tra s bo ta thay vi nhp 120 cm sn cop pha san van am bao ieu kien cng o va o vong cho phep. S d co s khong ong bo tren la do neu oi vi cac sn cop pha san thong thng neu dung nhp 120cm th cay chong khong ap ng c nhu cau chu lc (vt qua 2000 KG), con vi cop pha dam do ta s dung hai cay chong cach nhau 60cm tai mot v tr nen am bao kha nang chu lc. Tuy nhien s khong ong bo nay hoan toan khong anh hng en kha nang chu lc va ieu kien thi cong cong trnh.

VAN KHUON DAM SAN

1.3.3.LP DNG VN KHUN DM SNTrnh t lap dng van khuon dam san

Dng he thong giao chong ung cac v tr yeu cau, tien hanh giang ngang va giang cheo cac giao chong lai vi nhau.

at cac sn cop pha ay dam va cop pha san bang thep hop tren au giao chong.

at cop pha ay dam len tren cac sn roi tien hanh ieu chnh tim dam ung v tr thiet ke va ay dam nam ung cao o thiet ke. (ieu chnh bang cach tang hoac giam chieu dai giao chong).

Ghep cop pha thanh dam, co nh cot pha thanh bang cac thanh sn ng, go nh v va chong xien. (Bo tr cac thanh giang tam e cop pha thanh khong nga vao ben trong). e kiem tra thang bang theo phng ngang cua ay dam va o thang ng cua thanh dam th ta s dung thc nivo.

at cop pha san len v tr lap ghep. S dung cop pha thep tieu chuan, nhng cho d ta s dung cac phan bu thep tam hoac go. Dung thc nivo kiem tra o phang cua san va may kinh v e kiem tra cao trnh cua san.

Dung bang dnh hoac giay ximang dan, bt kn nhng khe h cac tam van khuon san. Lien ket gia van khuon thanh dam va van khuon san ta dung cac tam goc trong va goc ngoai.

Van khuon va dan giao khi lap dng xong phai c nghiem thu theo TCVN 4453-95 trc khi tien hanh cac cong tac tiep theo.

1.4.VN KHUN TNG TNG HM1.4.1.CU TO Dung van khuon thep tieu chuan co kch thc 1500x300 va 1200x300 at theo phng ng ket hp vi cac ong thep (49 at theo phng ng va phng ngang tao thanh he sn ng va sn ngang. Ben trong ta s dung cac thanh giang dep e chu cac lc xo ngang, chong phn cho tng. Ben ngoai ta s dung cac thanh chong xien gi on nh cho tng.

1.4.2.TNH TON VN KHUN TNG TNG HM Chon khoang cach gia cac sn ngang la 60cm.

Chon khoang cach gia cac he sn ng la 60cm.

(Tng t nh cop pha thanh mong)

A. TAI TRONG TAC DUNG LEN VAN KHUON THANH TNG TANG HAM

Ap lc cua va betong mi o tac dung vao thanh cop pha:

P =

Tai trong do o be tong bang may bm.

Pbm = 400 kG/m2 Tai trong do am rung.

Pam= 200 kG/m2 Tong tai trong tieu chuan tac dung len 1m2 cop pha tng

qTC=q+qbm+qam=1875+400+200=2475 (kG/m2)

Tong tai trong tnh toan tac dung len 1m2 cop pha tng

qTT=1.3x(q+qbm+qam) = 1.3x(1875+400+200) =3217.5(kG/m2)

B. KIEM TRA KHA NANG CHONG LC XO NGANG CUA CAC THANH GIANG DEP

GIang dep co tiet dien 5x0.2 cm

Kha nang chu keo cua giang dep:

N = 5x0.2x2100 = 2100 KG

Lc xo ngang tac dung len 1 giang dep

(Chon khoang cach bo tr cac giang dep cach nhau 60cm theo ca phng ngang va phng ng)

N = 3217.5x0.6x0.6=1158.3 KG

=> Giang dep hoan toan u kha nang chu lc xo ngang cho tng

C. KIEM TRA SN COP PHA TIEU CHUAN, SN NGANG, SN NG VA THANH CHONG

Do ta chon cach cau tao cop pha tieu chuan, sn ngang, sn doc tng t cop pha thanh mong nen khong can phai kiem tra lai. Trng hp nay con an toan hn do cac lc xo ngang hau nh do cac thanh giang tiep nhan. Do o cac thanh chong trong 1 hang theo phng ng co the bo tr t thanh hn so vi cop pha thanh mong.1.4.3LP DNG VN KHUN TNG TNG HM Trong qua trnh o be tong san, tien hanh o lp be tong nh v chan tng day 100.

Cac tam van khuon thep kch thc 300x1500 va 300x1200 c dng theo chieu ng, lien ket lai vi nhau bang chot thep, tai cac goc lien ket bang cac tam goc ngoai va tam goc trong.

Lap dng cac thanh giang dep theo ung cac v tr yeu cau, trong qua trnh lap tien hanh co nh tam vach bang cac thanh chong, day cang...Sau o tien hanh lap dng lan lt cac sn ngang va sn ng.

Tien hanh kiem tra o thang ng cua tng bang thc ivo hay qua doi. (Dung cac day cap co tang- e ieu chnh o thang ng cua tng).

Tien hanh co nh chac chan cop pha tng bang cac ong chong xien ty xuong cac moc thep va sat hop nam ngang. (Moc thep a c at san trong khi o be tong san)

Khi thao cop pha tng dung bua ap bo phan giang dep nho ra ngoai ( Phan giang dep nam trong tng ta khong can phai thu hoi). Cac phan con lai thao tng t cac cau kien thong thng.

1.5.VN KHUN VCH CNGTrong cong trnh co nhieu loai vach vi cac kch thc khac nhau:

Vach L vi kch thc: 2.0x1.0x0.3m, 2.5x1.5x0.3m, 4.0x1.5x0.3m

Khoi loi cng gia tiet dien hnh ch nhat (co khoet lo) vi kch thc: 5.15x2.9x0.3m, 2.9x2.9x0.3m.

Do thi gian co han cua o an, em xin trnh bay cau tao va cach tnh toan cop pha vach L kch thc 2.5x1.5x0.3m (Vach nam trong khung tnh toan phan ket cau), vi cac vach con lai, ta ch can modun hoa cau tao t vach 2.5x1.5x0.3m.

1.5.1.CU TODung cop pha thep tieu chuan co kch thc 1500x300 va 1200x300 at theo phng ng ket hp vi cac ong thep (49 at theo phng ng va phng ngang tao thanh he sn ng va sn ngang. Ben trong ta s dung cac thanh giang dep e chu cac lc xo ngang, chong phn cho tng. Ben ngoai ta s dung cac thanh chong xien gi on nh cho tng.

(Hnh anh minh hoa c the hien cuoi phan tnh toan cop pha vach cng)

1.5.2.TNH TON VN KHUN VCH CNG Cau tao cop pha vach tng t cot pha tng tang ham nen ta khong can kiem tra lai ieu kien cng o va o vong cho cac cau kien: cop pha tieu chuan, sn ngang, sn ng, thanh giang dep. Rieng oi vi cot chong cua vach can kiem tra them kha nang chu tai trong gio.

Dung cot chong K-102 va kieu F

Kieu K-102 co thong so:



Tai trong khi nen: 2000 (kg)

Tai trong khi keo: 1500(kg)

Kieu F co thong so:



Tai trong khi nen: 2000 (kg)

Tai trong khi keo: 1500(kg)

Gia s tnh cho tang cao nhat vi lc gio tnh ln nhat trong phan ket cau (Tang 17) ta co w=104.18 (KG/m2)

Quy tai trong ve dang phan bo eu tac ong len vach trong pham vi chu lc cua 1 hang cay chong

qgio= wxb= 104.18x0.6= 62.51(KG/m)

Nhan xet: lc gio phan bo eu kha nho so vi kha nang chu lc cua cay chong nen chac chan cay chong thoa man kha nang chu lc gio.

VAN KHUON VACH CNG 2.5x1.5x0.3m

1.5.3.LAP DNG VAN KHUON VACH CNG

Van khuon vach cng co trnh t lap dng tng t nh oi vi van khuon tng tang ham.

Ghi chu: Phan thong ke so tam cop pha tieu chuan s dung cho tng cau kien em xin c trnh bay trong phan ban ve.2.CNG TC B TNG2.1.PHN T PHN ON Viec phan t, phan oan trong cong tac o betong toan khoi phu thuoc vao nang suat may tron, may bm va lng vat lieu cung cap. Ngoai ra no con phu thuoc vao mc o phc tap cua ket cau va cong tac cop pha.

oi vi cong trnh nay ta phan thanh 41 t, cu the nh sau:

t 1: o ai coc, giang mong va san tang ham.

t 2: o cot, vach, loi cng, cau thang bo tang ham.

(Vach bao gom ca vach ham)

t 3: o dam, san tang 1.

t 4: o cot, vach, loi cng, cau thang bo tang 1.

t 5: o dam san tang 2.












t 17:o dam san tang 8.



















t 36: o vach tang 17.


t 38: o cot cay ho nc.

t 39: o dam ay, ban ay ho nc.

t 40: o ban thanh ho nc .

t 41: o ban nap ho nc.

Da vao mat bang cong trnh va kha nang cung cap betong la lien tuc (do dung betong thng pham) ta khong chia phan oan oi vi cac t o be tong dam san, cot vach loi cng v the khong can phai bo tr mach ngng. (Do khi bo tr mach ngng se gap phai mot so kho khan nhat nh: chon v tr mach ngng hp ly, x ly be mat lp mach ngng khi o tiep...). Rieng oi vi t 1 (o be tong mong, a khieng, san tang ham) ta chia lam 3 phan oan e o be tong:

Phan oan 1: o be tong ai mong en v tr mep di san tang ham (cach mep di san tang ham t 2-3 cm).

Phan oan 2: o be tong giang mong en v tr mep di san tang ham (cach mep di san tang ham t 2-3 cm).

Phan oan 3: o be tong san tang ham.

Nhan xet: ta chia be tong t 1 ra lam ba phan oan nham tao s tien li hn cho cong tac ghep cop pha, thu hoi cop pha sau khi o be tong xong... Mach ngng trong cac phan oan eu nam ben trong be tong nen van am bao kha nang chu cat va chong tham cho cau kien.

HNH MINH HOA CAC PHAN T O BE TONG CONG TRNH

2.2.TNH TON KHI LNG B TNG CC PHN T2.2.1.KHI LNG B TNG MNG, GING MNG, SN HM T 1 Mong M1: (3.6x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 8 cai

VM1=8x3.6x3.6X1.5=155.52 m3 Mong M2: (4.4x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 4 cai

VM2=4x4.4x3.6X1.5=95.04 m3 Mong M3: (2.0x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 4 cai

VM3=4x2.0x3.6X1.5=43.20 m3 Mong M4: (6.0x3.6x1.5) m

So lng: 6 cai

VM4=6x6.0x3.6X1.5=194.40 m3 Mong M5: (15.0x13.4x2.0) m

So lng: 1 cai

VM5=1x15.0x13.4X2.0=402 m3Tong khoi lng be tong mong (Co tr i phan o sau chung vi san ham)

VM=(155.52+95.04+43.20+194.40+402) [{2.08x2.58x4+2.15x3.6x4+

+3.09x2.19x4+(2.1x2+1.5x1.0)x 4 +(3.07x1.48+2.12x4.57)x4 +

+5.15x3.6x2+15x13.4}]x0.25 = 790.83 m3 Be tong giang mong (30x80) cm (Co tr i phan o sau chung vi san ham)

Tong chieu dai a kieng:71.74 m

Vd=0.3x0.55x71.74=11.84 m3 Be tong san tang ham

VSTH=716.4x0.25=179.1 m3

Khoi lng be tong t 1:

V1 = VM + Vd + VSTH = 790.83 + 11.84 + 179.1 = 981.77 m3Lu y: Phan be tong lot mong va a giang c tien hanh o thu cong trc khi o be tong mong va a giang.

Khoi lng be tong lot mong va a giang:

Vbtl={8x3.8x3.8+4x(4.6x3.8+2.2x3.8)+

+6x6.2x3.8+15.2x13.6+71.74x0.3}x0.1=58.85 m32.2.2.KHI LNG B TNG VCH, CT, CU THANG, TNGTNG HM T 2 Be tong cot: (70x70) cm

So lng: 10 cai

Vc=10x0.49x(3.2-0.7)=12.25m3 Betong vach L (2.0x1.0x0.3)m

So lng:4 cai

Vv=4x(2.7x0.3x(3.2-0.5))=8.75m3 Betong vach L (2.5x1.5x0.3)m

So lng:4 cai

Vv=4x(3.7x0.3x(3.2-0.5))=11.99 m3 Betong vach L (4.0x1.5x0.3)m

So lng:4 cai

Vv=4x(5.2x0.3x(3.2-0.5))=16.85m3 Betong vach thang bo

So lng:2 cai

Vv=2x(4.47x(3.2-0.5)-0.3x2.2x1.0)=22.82 m3 Betong vach thang may

So lng: 2 cai

Vv=2x(3.12x(3.2-0.5)-0.3x2.2x1.0)=15.53 m3 Betong tng bao tang ham

Tong chieu dai tng bao ( bo i cac oan co vach chay thang len cac tang tren ):31.24m

VT =0.3x(3.2-0.5)x31.24=25.3 m3 Betong cau thang bo:

Vct=14.79x0.08=1.495 m3

Tong khoi lng betong vach, cot, tng tang ham, cau thang bo:

V3=12.25+8.75+11.54+16.85+22.82+15.53+25.3+1.495=114.76 m32.2.3.KHI LNG B TNG TNG IN HNH (TNH CHO T 22 V 23)

Tnh toan khoi lng betong cho tang 10.

Be tong cot: (65x65) cm

So lng: 10 cai

Vc=10x0.42x(3.2-0.7)=10.56m3 Betong vach (2.0x1.0x0.3)m: 8.75 m3 (Tng t phan tren).

Betong vach (2.5x1.5x0.3)m: 11.54 m3 (Tng t phan tren).

Betong vach (4.0x1.5x0.3)m: 16.85 m3 (Tng t phan tren).

Betong vach thang bo: 22.82 m3 (Tng t phan tren).

Betong vach thang may: 15.53 m3 (Tng t phan tren).

Betong cau thang bo: 1.495 m3 (Tng t phan tren).

Be tong dam (22x30) cm:

Tong chieu dai dam:78.2m

Vd=0.22x(0.3-0.12)x78.2=5.16 m3 Be tong dam (30x50) cm:

Tong chieu dai dam:123.4 m

Vd=0.3x(0.5-0.12)x23.4 =25.914 m3 Be tong dam (30x70) cm:

Tong chieu dai dam:7.1m

Vd=0.3x(0.7-0.12)x7.1=1.74 m3 Betong san:

Dien tch san:716.4-2x5.15x2.9-2x2.9x2.9=669.71m2

Chieu day san: 0.12m Vs=669.71x0.12=80,36 m3

Tong khoi lng betong dam san t 22:

Vds=1.69+12.28+10.1+80.36=114.31 m3 Tong khoi lng betong vach, cot, cau thang bo t 23:

Vvcct=10.56+8.75+11.54+16.85+22.82+15.53+1.77=86.15m32.3.CUNG CP B TNG

2.3.1.LA CHN PHNG PHP THI CNG B TNG Hien nay ang ton tai ba dang chnh ve thi cong be tong:

Thu cong hoan toan.

Che tron tai cho.

Be tong thng pham.

Thi cong be tong thu cong hoan toan ch dung khi khoi lng be tong nho va pho bien trong khu vc nha dan. Tnh trang chat lng cua loai be tong nay rat that thng va khong c theo doi theo ung cac tieu chuan ve kiem tra chat lng be tong. V the loai be tong nay c dung vi so lng t trong cong trnh cho cac cau kien phu khong quan trong.

Viec che tron be tong tai cho thng danh cho nhng cong trnh rat ln hoac cac khu co khoi lien hp cac cong trnh ang xay dng (Cong trnh ng cao toc hoac cac quan the chung c cao oc). Vi phng phap nay, ta tiet kiem c chi ph chuyen ch rat ln. Tuy nhien phng phap lai oi hoi mot so von bo ra rat ln cho viec au t trang thiet b may moc, ong thi la viec ao tao oi ngu can bo van hanh, v the ch that s thch hp vi khoi lng thi cong be tong rat ln.

Be tong thng pham ang c nhieu n v s dung tot. Be tong thng pham co nhieu u iem trong khau bao am chat lng va thi cong thuan li. Be tong thng pham ket hp vi may bm be tong la mot to hp rat hieu qua.

Xet rieng gia theo m3 be tong th gia be tong thng pham so vi be tong t che tao cao hn. Neu xet theo tong the th gia be tong thng pham ch con cao hn be tong t tron 15(20%. Nhng ve mat chat lng th viec s dung be tong thng pham kha on nh.

Tom lai, can bang gia cac yeu to va e am bao thi cong nhanh cung nh chat lng ket cau, chon phng phap thi cong bang be tong thng pham la hp ly hn ca. 2.3.2.YU CU K THUT I VI VA BM B TNG Va be tong bm la be tong c van chuyen bang ap lc qua ong cng hoac ong mem va c chay vao v tr can o be tong. Be tong bm khong ch oi hoi cao ve mat chat lng ma con yeu cau cao ve tnh de bm. Do o be tong bm phai am bao cac yeu cau sau:

Va be tong phai c tron that eu, ung thanh phan va cap phoi, ong thi phai am bao cac kch thc cot lieu sao cho thoi be tong qua c nhng v tr thu nho cua ng ong va qua c nhng ng cong khi bm. (Hon hp be tong bm co kch thc toi a cua cot lieu ln la 1/5 - 1/8 ng knh nho nhat cua ong dan, oi vi cot lieu hat tron co the len ti 40% ng knh trong nho nhat cua ong dan)

Yeu cau ve nc va o sut cua be tong bm co lien quan vi nhau va c xem la mot yeu cau cc ky quan trong. Lng nc trong hon hp co anh hng ti cng o, o sut va tnh de bm cua be tong. Lng nc tron thay oi tuy theo c hat toi a cua cot lieu va cho tng o sut khac nhau cua tng thiet b bm. Do o oi vi be tong bm can chon c o sut hp ly theo tnh nang cua loai may bm s dung va gi c o sut o trong qua trnh bm la yeu to rat quan trong. (Trong trng hp can thiet co the s dung them cac phu gia tang o deo)

Be tong bm can c am bao ve thi gian che tron, van chuyen t ni san xuat en v tr bm, o am trong thi gian ngan nhat. (neu keo dai qua 2 gi th chat lng be tong giam)

am bao ung cng o thiet ke. (Dung khuon 15x15cm e th)

2.3.3.VN CHUYN B TNGViec van chuyen be tong t ni tron en ni o be tong la khau rat quan trong can am bao:

S dung phng tien van chuyen hp ly, tranh e be tong b phan tang, b chay nc xi mang va b mat nc do nang, gio.

Thiet b, nhan lc va phng tien van chuyen can bo tr phu hp vi khoi lng, toc o tron, o va am be tong.

2.3.4. B TNG CC CU KIN2.3.4.1.YU CU CHUNG Be tong phai c o lien tuc cho en khi hoan thanh mot ket cau nao o theo qui nh cua thiet ke.

Trc khi o be tong phai kiem tra lai v tr cot thep, cop pha, thep ch , cac chi tiet chon san, cac lo cha ng ong k thuat. ong thi phai tien hanh ve sinh cop pha va cot thep.

o be tong theo nguyen tac: t tren xuong, t xa lai gan.

Khong dung am dui e dch chuyen ngang be tong trong cop pha .

e tranh s phan tang, chieu cao ri t do cua hon hp be tong khi o khong c vt qua 1,5-2m (khi o be tong co chieu cao ri t do >2.0m phai dung mang nghieng hoac ong voi voi). (oi vi sach Ky Thuat Thi Cong cua Thay o nh c va Thay Le Kieu, chieu cao o be tong gay phan tang la 2.5m, tuy nhien thien ve an toan, ta chon chieu cao la 2.0m)

Giam sat chat che hien trang cop pha giao chong va cot thep trong qua trnh thi cong.

oi vi cac ket cau co chieu day ln, nen o be tong moi lp day 20-30cm roi am ngay, am bao nguyen tac o lp sau len lp trc khi lp trc cha kho.

2.3.4.2.TRNH T B TNG CC CU KINA. B TNG CT VCH Cot, vach co chieu cao nho hn 5m nen to chc o lien tuc .

Trc khi o be tong phai ti nc ve sinh chan cot, vach. Sau khi bt ca ve sinh, o mot lp va xi mang cat co mac bang mac be tong cot, vach day 5 cm e chong ro chan cot, vach

Tien hanh o be tong tng lp co chieu day thch hp, sau khi am xong th o lp tiep theo.

B. B TNG DM SN Chon phng an o be tong dam san bang xe bm be tong. Toan san c chia lam 4 khu vc o. (cac khu vc va hng o em xin trnh bay trong ban ve TC-03)

Tien hanh o theo tng lp ngang, moi lp day 20(30cm va am ngay: oi vi ket cau san th ch can o mot lp, oi vi ket cau dam th nen o thanh lp theo kieu bac thang, khong nen o tng lp chay suot chieu dai dam .

o be tong trong dam trc roi mi o be tong san .

Khi o be tong san, e bao am o day ong eu ta ong s nhng moc c vao cop pha san, mep tren coc moc trung vi cao trnh san . Khi uc be tong xong th rut coc moc len va lap va lo h ong thi la phang mat san bang ban xoa hoac cac dung cu chuyen dung. Trong qua trnh o thng xuyen kiem tra o vong cua cac o san.2.3.5.M B TNG Thi gian am mot cho thch hp, khong qua nhanh va qua lau. Dau hieu chng to a am xong la va be tong khong sut lun, bot kh khong noi len na, mat tren bang phang va bat au thay co nc xi mang noi len. Thi gian am thng khoang 15 en 60 giay.

Khi s dung am dui bc di chuyen cua am khong vt qua 1,5 ban knh anh hng cua am va phai cam sau vao lp be tong a o trc 5-10cm. Chieu day lp be tong o e am khong vt qua 3/4 chieu dai cua am.

am phai luon e vuong goc vi be mat be tong. Khong dung am dui e dch chuyen ngang be tong va tranh va cham vao cot thep. (gay pha v ket cau be tong ang ninh ket).

Khoang cach t v tr am en cop pha la 2d (Q1 + Q2 ) = (0.83 +0.11) = 0.94 (l/s)

Nen tnh: QTong = 70%.[Q1 + Q2 ] + Q4 = 0.7x0.94 + 5 = 5.7 (l/s)

ng knh ong dan nc vao ni tieu thu:

D = = 70 (mm)

Chon ng knh ong D = 75mm.Tren c s tnh toan s bo mot vai so lieu nh tren, ket hp vi kien thc a hoc ve tnh ac tnh lam viec cua cac loai may moc, em thc hien bo tr tong mat bang thi cong cua cong trng (ban ve TC-05).

Chng 7: AN TOAN LAO ONG

Trong ieu kien xay dng nc ta ang tng bc cai tien ve cong nghe, chuyen mon hoa, hien ai hoa trong cong tac to chc, thi cong xay dng th van e an toan lao ong tr thanh mot yeu to rat quan trong, co anh hng trc tiep en tien o thi cong va chat lng cong trnh, ben canh o an toan lao ong con la mot yeu to het sc quan trong e bao ve sc khoe va tnh mang ngi cong nhan. V vay can tuan thu cac nguyen tac an toan va ve sinh lao ong trong cong trng. ac biet lu y cac van e sau:

Kham sc khoe va hoc tap an toan lao ong: am bao moi ngi trong cong trng eu phai kham sc khoe va hoc tap an toan lao ong. (Trong danh sach cong nhan cua cac oi xay dng co muc ghi ngay kham sc khoe, t tap huan an toan lao ong gan nhat).

An toan khi thi cong tren cao, can chu y cac van e:

Trang thiet b bao ho lao ong.

Khi lam viec tren cao phai co iem ta vng chac.

Khi i lai tren cao phai ung tuyen, khong i lai tren tng, dam.

Khong c i lai nhng ni ang tien hanh cong viec tren ma khong co che chan bao ve.

He gian dao, san cong tac phai chac chan, on nh.

San thao tac phai vng, khong trn trt, san cao t 1,5m tr len so vi san hay nen phai co lan can. Lan can an toan co chieu cao toi thieu 1m so vi san cong tac.

Co thang len xuong gia cac tang.

Nen s dung bo dan giao - thang - li co thiet ke ien hnh, c che tao san.

Giang he li bao ve xung quanh cong trnh.

-Tuan theo cac yeu cau ky thuat khi s dung va lap at, thao d:

Mat at dan giao ta len phai bang phang, khong lun sut, thoat nc tot.

Cac thanh cot hoac khung dan giao phai thang.

Cac thanh giang neo phai u theo yeu cau thiet ke.

Chan dan giao phai lot chong lun.

Gia san thao tac va cong trnh e cha khe h khong qua 5 cm (vi cong tac xay) va 20 cm (vi cong tac hoan thien).

Cac thanh giao console phai co c cau neo bam chac vao cong trnh, san cong tac tren console cung phai co lan can an toan cao 1m.

Khi dng cac thang ta can chu y: nen phai bang phang, on nh chan thang, am bao chong trt. Ch c phep da thang nghieng so vi mat nam ngang mot goc 45o en 70o. Tong chieu dai 1 phng thang khong qua 5m.

Ch s dung dan giao sau khi a c nghiem thu. Noi dung nghiem thu gom cac van e c ban: Kch thc, cac thanh giang, mc o thang ng, cac cot giao co at tren cac tam em go khong, co lun sut khong, s chac chan cua cac moi lien ket, kiem tra lan can an toan.

Theo doi, hng dan e khong che vat lieu tren dan giao khong vt qua khoi lng thiet ke.

-An toan khi thao tac ien, thao tac may.

-Tuyet oi chap hanh noi qui trong cong trng.

177177GVHD: Th.s DNG TUN PHNG. SVTH: MAI XUN THNH .

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