Today’s Schedule – 4/1

• Outline Emailed to Ms. Hayden?• PPT: Isolationism to War• Videos: Lead-up to WWII Abroad• HW:– Read 906-913

Retreat in Europe

• U.S. quarrels with former allies over repayment of $10 billion in wartime loans

• U.S. never joined the League of Nations• U.S. refuses recognition of Soviet Union in

1920s– 1933 FDR opened diplomatic relations

Washington Conference of 1921• England agrees to U.S. naval equality • Japan accepted as third largest naval power-prob?• All nations agree to limit naval construction

Washington Conference of 1921

• Nine-Power Treaty - Open Door Policy reaffirmed

• Five-Power Treaty – 10 year moratorium on battleship building

• Four-Power Treaty-establishes alliance among U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France

Kellogg-Briand Pact• 1920s– American diplomacy permeated by a sense of

disillusionment– Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928• Outlaws war except in matters of self-defense• What was France trying to accomplish with this?

Cooperation in Latin America

• Coolidge, Hoover, FDR substitute cooperation for military coercion

• FDR’s "Good Neighbor" policy renounces past imperialism– 1933: U.S. repudiates Roosevelt Corollary• Re-emphasizes the Monroe Doctrine

Isolationism

• Depression shifts focus to domestic affairs• Rise of militaristic regimes threatens war

– Germany– Italy– Japan

The Lure of Pacifism and Neutrality

• Most Americans resolved against another meaningless war

• 1935--Senator Gerald Nye leads passage of neutrality legislation – U.S. trade with nations at war prohibited– U.S. loans to nations at war prohibited

• 1937--Japan invades China• FDR permits sale of arms to China

Rivalry in Asia• 1920--Japanese occupy Korea, parts of

Manchuria, China• U.S. Open Door policy blocks Japanese

dominance of China

War in Europe

• FDR approves appeasement of Hitler• 1938--Hitler seizes Czechoslovakia• FDR attempts to revise the neutrality acts, to

give edge to England, France• July, 1939--FDR attacks neutrality acts• September 1939--WWII begins, FDR declares

the acts in force

The Road to War• U.S. remains at peace 1939-1941• Popular sympathy for Allies, distaste for

Germany and Japan• FDR openly expresses favor for Allies, moves

cautiously to avoid isolationist outcry

From Neutrality to Undeclared War• 1939-41--FDR seeks help for England without

actually entering the war– “cash and carry”

• 1940 Election– "you boys are not going to be sent into any foreign

war"

From Neutrality to Undeclared War: Increased Aid to England

• U.S. gives or loans war supplies – Lend-Lease Act of 1941

• U.S. ships transport war supplies– Naval war

• Eventual consensus that a Nazi victory in Europe would threaten western civilization

Showdown in the Pacific• 1937--Japanese occupation of coastal China• U.S. limits exports to Japan of strategic

materials– Oil

• 1940--Japan allies with Germany & Italy

Showdown in the Pacific: Pearl Harbor• 1941--U.S.-Japanese negotiations • Japan’s demands:

– free hand in China – restoration of normal trade relations

• U.S. demands Japanese troops out of China

• December 7, 1941--Pearl Harbor attacked

• December 8--War declared