Tomer Efrat | October 2015 YOUR WATER PARTNERS Choosing the Best Desalination Technology for your Project

Tomer Efrat | October 2015

YOUR WATERPARTNERSChoosing the Best Desalination Technology for your Project

Who We Are

2

Technology leaders in the water treatment industry

Named one of the 50 smartest companies in the world by

the MIT Technology Review in 2015

Unrivalled experience. More than 400 installed units in

over 40 countries

A large and growing patent portfolio

Internationally recognized

400 employees

Offices in Israel, China, India, USA and Chile

Established in 1965

Ownership: ICL and Delek Groups

Main References

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EnergySDIC Tianjin, China

NPCIL, India

Endesa, Spain

CFE, Mexico

PPC, Greece

AES, Chile

Tacoa, Venezuela

Kazatomprom, Kazakhstan

Tutuka, South Africa

Municipalities

Larnaca, Cyprus

Sorek, Israel

Hadera, Israel

Ashkelon, Israel

Carlsbad, USA

Las Palmas, Spain

MinesSino Iron, Cape Preston, Australia

AngloGold Ashanti, South Africa

Enersur, Peru

Oil & GasReliance Gujarat, India

Essar, India

Wintershall, Germany

Sarlux, Italy

Hadera, Israel SWRO,

456,000 m3/day

Brief Overview of the Technologies

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Gujarat Reliance, India

MED, 160,000 m3/day

Nueva Ventanas, Chile

MVC, 2,400 m3/day

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Multi-effect Distillation (MED)

Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC)

RO Process

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Dechlorination

Coagulant

Acid

Chlorine

Chemical adjustment

Energy Recovery System

Seawater Intake

Static mixer

Gravitational sand filters

Clear water pump

Seawater feed pump

Fine filtration

Micronic filters

Static mixer

High pressure pumps

Reverse Osmosis module

Outfall to sea

Antiscalant

Post-treatmentAddition of

chemicals to adjust the

chemistry of the final product

Product tank

Product pump

Static mixer

Chlorination

Desalinated potable

water

Air blower

Backwashpump

Backwash tank

Horizontal Falling Film MED

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Horizontal Falling Film MVC Evaporator

Brine

FeedDistillate

Heat Exchangers

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Applicability to Seawater Desalination

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Applicability to Industrial Applications

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IDE’s Offering

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Multi-effect Distillation (MED)

Industrial and Potable water :

1,000 - 30,000 m3/day per unit

Site conditions Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC)

Industrial water :

250 - 3,000 m3/day per unit

Membrane Desalination

Thermal Desalination

Large Scale Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Potable and Municipal water :

20,000 m3/day and up

Modular Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Potable and Municipal water :

500 ~ 20,000 m3/day

Feedwater conditions

Salinity

TSS, turbidity

Contamination, COD, TOC

Temperature

Product water

Drinking/industrial/boiler feed quality

Capacity

Energy sources

Steam / waste heat

Electricity

Energy costs

Technology Selection Criteria

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Ambient conditions

Temperature

Site conditions

Footprint available

Budget

CAPEX

OPEX

Robustness

Reliability

Availability


Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes

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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Minimum Intake Requirements

Deep water or beach wells

Shallow water

Shallow water

Shallow water

Tolerance to Changing Seawater Composition and Pollution

Low High High High

Requirement for Robust Pretreatment (in case of contaminated seawater)

High Low-Medium Low-Medium Low-Medium


(Continued)


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Chemical and Antiscalant Consumption

Medium Low Low Low

Water Quality Requirements after Pretreatment

3–4 SDI 10 ppm TSS 10 ppm TSS 10 ppm TSS

Impact of High / Low Seawater Temperature on CAPEX

Significant Minimal Minimal

Minimal, sometimes even positive

Product water


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Common Applications Municipal/drinking waterProcess water/boiler feed water

Process water/boiler feed water

Process water/boiler feed water

Recommended Maximal Unit Size (m3/day)

25,000 per train 20,000 35,000 3,000

Product Quality Received (TDS)

1st pass: 300 ppm2nd pass: 5 ppm

<5 ppm <5 ppm <5 ppm

Possible Product Recovery

45%-50% 35%-50% 35%-50% 40%-45%

Boron Rejection Requirements

Requires polishing stage None None None

Energy Sources


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Electricity consumption 3.3–4.2 kWh/m3 1.0–1.4 kWh/m3

1.0–1.4 kWh/m3

8.0–10.0 kWh/m3

Minimal Motive steam pressure

N/A 0.35 ata 1.2 ata N/A

Possible/achievable GOR N/A 10–12 14–15 N/A

Ability to utilize alternative energy sources

Medium Medium Medium Low

Site conditions


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Minimum Intake Requirements

Deep water or beach wells

Shallow water Shallow water Shallow water

Requirement for Robust Pretreatment (in case of contaminated seawater)

High Low-Medium Low-Medium Low-Medium

Footprint Requirements Low-Medium Low-Medium* Low-Medium* Medium

Tolerance to Site Configuration/Size

High Medium Medium Medium

*Depending on the MED GOR

Budget


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Electricity Consumption3.3–4.2 kWh/m3

1.0–1.4 kWh/m3

1.0–1.4 kWh/m3

8.0–10.0 kWh/m3

Motive Steam Pressure (min) N/A 0.35 ata 2.2–2.5 ata N/A

Electric Equivalent for Thermal Energy

N/A4.5 - 5.0 kWh/m3

7.0 - 8.0 kWh/m3 N/A

Equivalent Thermal Energy Cost Relative to Electricity Cost*

N/A 40% 40% N/A

Total Equivalent Energy Consumption/Normalized to Actual Electricity Cost

3.3–4.2 kWh/m3

2.8–3.4 kWh/m3

3.8–4.6 kWh/m3

8.0–10.0 kWh/m3

Budget


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Specific Capital Cost(Based on GWI Reports)

600–1,100 USD/m3/day

1,000–1,500 USD/m3/day

800–1,500 USD/m3/day

1,500–3,000 USD/m3/day

Possible Plant Modularity High Medium-Low Medium-Low Medium

Fully Automatic and Unattended Operation

Possible, but risky

Possible Possible Possible

Tolerance to Operator Faults Low High High Medium-High

Impact of the Plant Location Significant Moderate Moderate Low

Impact of Manpower Costs (installation and operation) Significant Moderate Moderate Low


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

CAPEX / OPEX Flexibility Low High High Medium-Low

Effect of Steam Cost on Total Water Cost

None High High Low

Requirements for Installation inside Building

High Low Low Low

Chemical and Antiscalant consumption

Medium Low Low Low

Maintenance Requirements High Low Low Low

Budget

(Continued)

Budget

(Continued)


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Spare Parts or Requirements for Replacement Parts

Low-Medium Low Low Low

Spare Parts (% of equipment/year)

1.5–2 0.5–1 0.5–1 <1

Civil Works Maintenance (% year)

0.5 N/A N/A N/A

Periodic Cleaning (months) 3–12 18–24 18–24 18–24

Operational Skilled Manpower Requirements

High Low Low Low

Plant Life Expectancy 15–25 years 25–30 years 25–30 years 25–30 years

Robustness


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SWROThermal

MED TVC-MED MVC

Failure Potential if Corrosion Occurs

High Low Low Low

Operational Skilled Manpower Requirements

Medium-High Low Low Low

Annual Availability (%) 92–96 96–98 96–98 96–98

Plant Life Expectancy 15–25 years 25–30 years 25–30 years 25–30 years

Amount of Process Equipment and Instrumentation

High Low Low Low

Complexity of Plant Maintenance

High Low Low Low

IDE – Your Water Partners

Desalination Plant Design with Challenging Site Conditions

Tianjin, China (8xMED, 200,000 m3/day)

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Aktau, Kazakhstan (2xMED, 12,000 m3/day)

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Sorek, Israel (SWRO, 624,000 m3/day)

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Cape Preston, Australia (SWRO, 140,000 m3/day)

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Carlsbad, USA (SWRO, 204,000 m³/day)

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Reliance, India (4xMED, 48,000 m3/day)

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Selection Criteria

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Product quality and application

Location of Installation

Available energy sources

Source water quality and quantity

Reliability of water supply

The bottom line is always the Life Cycle Cost:

CAPEX vs. OPEX

Technology Selection

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In some cases – you don’t need to choose…

You Can Just Use Both!

Hybrid RO-MED Solutions with a Variety of Energy Sources

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A Hybrid Desalination Plant combines the use

of both thermal and RO technologies in a single plant.

The hybrid plant takes the benefits of each technology for achieving the

optimized solution and reduced water cost

Hybrid RO-MED Plant

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Condensate

Power plant (or any LP Steam source)

Electricity to HP pumps

MED train

RO train

Permeate

Fresh water

Distilled water

BP steam

Feed

RO B

rine

Coal-powered Hybrid RO-MED Plant

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Coal

Coal-fired boiler Steam (40 bara)

Turbines + HP pumps

Steam (2 bara)

Seawater

MED train

RO train

Permeate

Fresh water

Distilled water

Condensate

Feed

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

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CondensateFrom MED

Steam Turbine

MED

MED Condensate

RO HP Pumps

RO Peripheral Pumps

Natural Gas-powered Hybrid RO-MED Plant

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RO peripherals

Natural gasGas turbines + HP pumps

MED train

RO train

Permeate

Distilled water

Feed

Heat recovery boiler

Steam

Turbine + generator

MED brine

Low pressure steam

Exhaust gas

To Sum Up…

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Focus on the Therefore, it is always

recommended to have your water partners

guide you towards the optimal solution for

you.

There is no single rule of thumb

IDE – Your Water Partners

ThankYou

Documents

Tomer Efrat | October 2015 YOUR WATER PARTNERS Choosing the Best Desalination Technology for your Project