TONG QUAN VE RFID

8/7/2019 TONG QUAN VE RFID

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i

AI HOC QUOC GIA TP HO CH MINHTRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA

KHOA IEN - IEN T

BO MON VIEN THONG------------o0o------------

LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP

NG DUNG CONG NGHE RFIDVAO HE THONG QUAN LY NHAN S

GVHD: ThS. NGUYEN CH NGOCSVTH: NGUYEN NH THANHMSSV: 40502604

Tp.Ho Ch Minh 1/2010


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NHAN XET ANH GIA (Ngi phan bien)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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NHAN XET ANH GIA (GVHD)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHA VIET NAMKHOA IEN IEN T oc lap T do Hanh phuc

------------------------------Ngay Thang Nam .

PHIEU CHAM BAO VE LUAN VAN(Danh cho ngi phan bien)

1. Ho va ten sinh vien: NGUYEN NH THANH MSSV: 40502604Nganh : ien t - Vien thong

2. e tai: ng dung cong nghe RFID vao he thong quan ly nhan s3. Ho va ten ngi hng dan: .........................................................................4. Tong quat ve ban thuyet minh

So trang ...................... So chng ......................So bang so lieu ...................... So hnh ve ......................So tai lieu tham khao ...................... Phan mem tnh toan ......................Hien vat (san pham) ......................

5. Tong quat ve cac bang ve- So ban ve: .............. ban A1 ............. ban A2 .............. kho khac- So ban ve tay: .............. So ban ve tren may tnh: .............

6. Nhng u iem chnh cua LVTN:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7. Nhng thieu sot chnh cua LVTN:

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............................................................................................................................................8. e ngh: c bao ve Bo sung them e bao ve Khong c bao ve9. Ba cau hoi sinh vien phai tra li trc hoi ong:

a) .......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................b) ......................................................................................................................................c) .......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................10. anh gia chung (bang ch: gioi, kha,TB).. iem /10

Ky ten(ghi ro ho ten)


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TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHA VIET NAMKHOA IEN IEN T oc lap T do Hanh phuc

------------------------------Ngay Thang Nam

PHIEU CHAM BAO VE LUAN VAN(Danh cho CBHD)

1. Ho va ten sinh vien: NGUYEN NH THANH MSSV: 40502604Nganh : ien t - Vien thong

2. e tai: ng dung cong nghe RFID vao hethong quan ly nhan s3. Ho va ten ngi hng dan: ............................................................................4. Tong quat ve ban thuyet minh

So trang ...................... So chng ......................So bang so lieu ...................... So hnh ve ......................So tai lieu tham khao ...................... Phan mem tnh toan ......................Hien vat (san pham) ......................

5. Tong quat ve cac bang ve- So ban ve: .............. ban A1 ............. ban A2 .............. kho khac- So ban ve tay: .............. So ban ve tren may tnh: .............

6. Nhng u iem chnh cua LVTN:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7. Nhng thieu sot chnh cua LVTN:................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

8. e ngh: c bao ve Bo sung them e bao ve Khong c bao ve9. Ba cau hoi sinh vien phai tra li trc hoi ong:

a) ......................................................................................................................................b) ......................................................................................................................................c) .....................................................................................................................................

10. anh gia chung (bang ch: gioi, kha,TB). iem /10Ky ten

(ghi ro ho ten)


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AI HOC QUOC GIA Tp.HCM CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHA VIET NAMTRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM oc lap T do Hanh phuc

------------ -----------------------So: __________/BKNT

HO VA TEN: NGUYEN NH THANH MSSV: 40502604NGANH: IEN T VIEN THONG

1. au e luan van: NG DUNG CONG NGHE RFIDVAO HE THONG QUAN LY NHAN S

2. Nhiem vu (yeu cau noi dung va so lieu ban au) :..... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................3. Ngay giao nhiem vu luan van: / / 20094. Ngay hoan thanh luan van: / / 2010

5. Ho va ten ngi hng dan : Phan hng dan :Th.S NGUYEN CH NGOC

Noi dung va yeu cau luan van a c thong qua bo mon Vien Thong

Ngay Thang Nam 2010

CHU NHIEM BO MON NGI HNG DAN CHNH(Ky va ghi ro ho ten) (Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

PHAN DANH CHO KHOA, BO MON

Ngi duyet (cham s bo): ......................................n v: ....................................................................Ngay bao ve: ..........................................................iem tong ket: ........................................................Ni lu tr luan van: ...............................................

KHOA: IEN IEN TBO MON VIEN THONG

NHIEM VU LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP


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LI CM NEm xin gi en thay giao - Th.s Nguyen Ch Ngoc li cam n sau sac, chan thanhnhat v s tan tam, hng dan chu ao va tao moi ieu kien thuan li e em hoan

thanh tot e tai luan van nay.

ong thi em cung xin chan thanh cam n Trng ai hoc Bach Khoa, Khoa ien

- ien t, cac thay co trong Bo mon Vien Thong a truyen at nhng kien thc

quy bau trong suot nhng nam qua va tao ieu kien tot nhat cho em trong thi gian

thc hien luan van nay.

Nhan dp nay, em cung xin gi en cac anh ch, cac ban trong khoa ien - ien t

a giup , ong vien, tao ieu kien cho em hoan thanh luan van tot nghiep nay.

Tuy nhien, trong qua trnh thc hien e tai luan van cua mnh, em chac chan se

khong tranh khoi nhng sai lam va thieu sot, knh mong cac thay co thong cam, ch

bao them.

Xin tran trong cam n!

Sinh vien thc hien

Nguyn nh Thanh

Tp.H Ch Minh 1/2010


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TOM TAT LUAN VAN

YEU CAU LUAN VAN

Tm hieu cong nghe RFID.

Truyen nhan d lieu gia reader va the qua PC.

Viet chng trnh He thong quan ly nhan s.

CONG VIEC A THC HIEN

Hoan thanh chng trnh oc va ghi thong tin vao the hoat ong on nh, chnh xac.

Chng trnh He thong quan ly nhan s hoat ong tot, tuy nhien e a vao ng

dung thc te mot cach rong rai va a dang can cai tien them mot so hang muc lien quankhac.

TOM TAT NOI DUNG BAO CAO

Phan 1. Tm hieu cong nghe nhan dang vo tuyen - RFID

Phan nay trnh bay tong quan ve ly thuyet va i sau tm hieu chi tiet cac thanh phan

lien quan en cong nghe RFID va cac ng dung cua no trong thc te.

Phan 2. Thiet ke va thi cong Trnh bay ve s o khoi, giai thuat, chng trnh va ket qua thi cong.


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MUC LUCTrang ba ............................................................................................................................... i

Nhiem vu luan van ................................................................................................................

Li cam n ........................................................................................................................... ii

Tom tat................................................................................................................................ iii

Muc luc ............................................................................................................................... iv

Danh sach hnh ve ............................................................................................................... v

Danh sach bang bieu .......................................................................................................... vi

Danh sach cac t viet tat ................................................................................................... vii

PHAN 1

TM HIEU CONG NGHE NHAN DANG VO TUYEN - RFID

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Chng 1. TONG QUAN VE CONG NGHE RFID

1.1. S lc ve cac he thong nhan dang t ong ...................................................... 1

1.1.1. He thong ma vach (Barcode system) ..................................................................... 1

1.1.2. Nhan dang ky t quang hoc (Optical character recognition - OCR) ...................... 1

1.1.3. Phng thc sinh trac hoc (Biometric procedures) ................................................ 2

1.1.4. The thong minh (Smart Cards) ............................................................................... 2

1.1.5. He thong RFID (RFID System) .............................................................................. 4

1.2. Gii thieu chung ve nhan dang vo tuyen RFID ............................................................ 5

1.2.1. Lch s phat trien cua he thong RFID ................................................................... 51.2.2. Khai niem RFID ..................................................................................................... 8

1.2.3. So sanh cac he thong ID khac nhau ....................................................................... 8

1.3. Cac thanh phan cua mot he thong RFID ...................................................................... 9

1.3.1. The RFID ............................................................................................................. 10


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1.3.2. Reader .................................................................................................................. 17

1.3.3. Database ............................................................................................................... 25

1.4. Giao thc the RFID ..................................................................................................... 25

1.4.1. Thuat ng va khai niem ....................................................................................... 25

1.4.2. Phng thc lu tr d lieu tren the .................................................................... 27

1.4.3. Thu tuc SINGULATION va ANTI-COLLISION ................................................. 28

1.5. ieu le va chuan hoa .................................................................................................. 33

1.6. Mot so tieu chuan xay dng cho cong nghe RFID ..................................................... 33

1.7. Tan so vo tuyen hoat ong cua RFID ......................................................................... 34

1.8. Cac ng dung RFID hien hanh ................................................................................... 35

1.8.1. RFID trong viec x phat....................................................................................... 36

1.8.2. RFID trong an ninh quoc gia ................................................................................ 36

1.8.3. Trong he thong vien thong ................................................................................... 37

1.8.4. ng dung trong quan ly th vien ......................................................................... 37

1.8.5. ng dung trong quan ly ban hang ........................................................................ 38

1.8.6. Nhan dang ong vat ............................................................................................. 391.8.7. Cay ghep vao con ngi ...................................................................................... 39

1.8.8. Tnh ph trong giao thong ..................................................................................... 40

1.9. u, nhc iem cua he thong RFID ........................................................................... 40

1.9.1. u iem ................................................................................................................ 40

1.9.2. Nhc iem .......................................................................................................... 41

1.10. Phng thc lam viec cua RFID .............................................................................. 42

Chng 2. CAC HE THONG RFID C BAN

2.1. He thong 1 bit ............................................................................................................. 46

2.1.1. Tan so vo tuyen.................................................................................................... 46

2.1.2. Song viba .............................................................................................................. 48


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2.1.3. Bo chia tan so ....................................................................................................... 50

2.1.4. Transponder trng ien t ................................................................................. 51

2.2. He thong song cong va ban song cong ....................................................................... 53

2.2.1. Ghep cam ng ...................................................................................................... 54

2.2.2. Ghep ien t tan xa lui ........................................................................................ 57

2.2.3. Ghep gan .............................................................................................................. 59

2.2.4. Ghep ien ............................................................................................................. 61

2.2.5. Truyen d lieu t reader en transponder ........................................................... 62

2.3. He thong tuan t ........................................................................................................ 62

2.3.1. Ghep cam ng ...................................................................................................... 62Chng 3. CAU TRUC CUA THIET B MANG D LIEU

3.1. Transponder co bo nh ............................................................................................... 66

3.1.1. Giao tiep HF ......................................................................................................... 67

3.1.2. Address and security logic ................................................................................... 68

3.1.3. Cau truc bo nh .................................................................................................... 69

3.2. Bo vi x ly .................................................................................................................. 74

3.2.1. The co hai giao tiep ............................................................................................. 76

3.3. Bo nh ......................................................................................................................... 77

3.4. o lng cac bien vat ly ............................................................................................ 77

3.4.1. Transponder co cam bien ..................................................................................... 77

Chng 4. CAU TRUC CUA READER

4.1. Luong d lieu trong ng dung..................................................................................... 79

4.2. Cac thanh phan cua reader ......................................................................................... 80

4.2.1. Mach HF .............................................................................................................. 81

4.2.2. n v ieu khien ................................................................................................. 84

4.3. Ket noi antenna trong he thong lien ket cam ng ..................................................... 86


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4.3.1. Ket noi s dung dong ien phoi hp .................................................................... 86

4.3.2. Cung cap thong qua cap ....................................................................................... 87

4.3.3. Anh hng cua he so Q ........................................................................................ 88

Chng 5. MA HOA VA IEU CHE D LIEU

5.1. Cac loai ma bieu dien tn hieu nh phan ..................................................................... 89

5.2. Cac ky thuat ieu che so ............................................................................................ 91

5.2.1. ieu che ASK ...................................................................................................... 91

5.2.2. ieu che 2FSK ..................................................................................................... 92

5.2.3. ieu che PSK ....................................................................................................... 92

5.2.4. ieu che vi song mang phu ............................................................................... 93

Chng 6. S CHNH XAC CUA D LIEU

6.1. Phng phap kiem tra loi ............................................................................................ 95

6.1.1. Kiem tra chan le .................................................................................................. 95

6.1.2. Phng phap LRC ................................................................................................ 95

6.1.3. Phng phap CRC ................................................................................................ 96

6.2. a truy cap, chong xung ot d lieu ........................................................................... 976.2.1. SDMA .................................................................................................................. 98

6.2.2. FDMA .................................................................................................................. 99

6.2.3. TDMA .................................................................................................................. 99

PHAN 2

THIET KE VA THI CONG-----------------------

Chng 1. TONG QUAN VE HE THONG

1.1. Gii thieu .................................................................................................................. 105


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1.1.1. Gii thieu e tai ................................................................................................. 105

1.1.2. Yeu cau e tai .................................................................................................... 105

1.1.3. Noi dung cua e tai ............................................................................................ 106

1.2. Yeu cau he thong ...................................................................................................... 106

1.2.1. Nhu cau he thong ............................................................................................... 106

1.2.2. Quan ly d an ..................................................................................................... 106

1.3. Tong quan ve s o khoi cua he thong ..................................................................... 107

1.3.1. Cac thong so cua Reader (DL910)..................................................................... 107

1.3.2. Cac thong so cua the .......................................................................................... 108

1.4. Ket qua o ac thc te viec oc the ......................................................................... 115Chng 2. PHAN TCH HE THONG

2.1. Khao xac hien trang.................................................................................................. 117

2.1.1. Gii thieu chung ................................................................................................. 117

2.1.2. Cac van e at ra cho he thong mi .................................................................. 117

2.1.3. Pham vi nghien cu ............................................................................................ 118

2.1.4. Gii han he thong .............................................................................................. 118

2.1.5. Cac chc nang cua he thong mi ....................................................................... 118

2.2. Thiet ke s o ........................................................................................................... 119

2.2.1. S o chc nang ................................................................................................ 119

2.2.2. S o ng canh ................................................................................................... 120

2.2.3. S o luong d lieu ............................................................................................ 120

2.2.4. Mo hnh c s d lieu ......................................................................................... 121

Chng 3. CHNG TRNH VA KET QUA THI CONG3.1. Muc Quan ly he thong .............................................................................................. 123

3.1.1. Lu o giai thuat ................................................................................................ 123

3.1.2. Ket qua thi cong ................................................................................................. 123


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3.2. Giao dien chng trnh chnh .................................................................................... 125

3.3. Mc oc, ghi the ....................................................................................................... 125

3.3.1. Lu o giai thuat ............................................................................................... 125

3.3.2. Ket qua thi cong ................................................................................................. 126

3.4. Muc cham cong ......................................................................................................... 127

3.4.1. Lu o giai thuat ................................................................................................ 127

3.4.2 Ket qua thi cong .................................................................................................. 127

3.4. Cac Danh muc khac .................................................................................................. 128

Chng 4. TONG KET VA ANH GIA

4.1. anh gia .................................................................................................................... 129

4.2. Han che ..................................................................................................................... 129

4.3. Hng phat trien e tai ............................................................................................. 129

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ................................................................................ 130


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DANH SACH HNH VE

PHAN 1

TM HIEU CONG NGHE NHAN DANG VO TUYEN RFID

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Hnh 1.1. Ma vach ................................................................................................................ 1

Hnh 1.2. Ky t quang hoc .................................................................................................... 2

Hnh 1.3. Kien truc tieu bieu cua the bo nh co logic bao mat ............................................ 3

Hnh 1.4. Kien truc c ban cua mot the vi x ly ................................................................... 3

Hnh 1.5. He thong RFID ..................................................................................................... 4

Hnh 1.6. Lch s phat trien RFID giai oan 1880-1960 ...................................................... 5



Hnh 1.9. He thong RFID toan dien.................................................................................... 10

Hnh 1.10. Layout cua thiet b mang d lieu, transponder. Hnh ben trai transponder ghep camng vi antenna cuon day, hnh ben phai transponder viba vi antenna dipole ................. 10

Hnh 1.11.Cau truc cua mot the thu ong .......................................................................... 11

Hnh 1.12. Mot so loai the tch cc .................................................................................... 14

Hnh 1.13. Cau truc cua mot the ban tch cc .................................................................... 15

Hnh 1.14. Cau truc layout c ban cua mot reader............................................................. 18

Hnh 1.15. C che truyen trng gan, trng xa gia the va reader ............................... 22

Hnh 1.16. C che truyen modulated backscatter cua the thu ong .................................... 24

Hnh 1.17. C che truyen modulated backscatter cua the ban thu ong ............................. 24

Hnh 1.18. C che truyen kieu may phat cua the tch cc .................................................. 24

Hnh 1.19. Layout bo nh cua mot the minh hoa ................................................................ 27

Hnh 1.20. S o cay nh phan ............................................................................................ 31


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Hnh 1.21. ng dung cong nghe RFID vao th vien ........................................................... 38

Hnh 1.22. ng dung cong nghe RFID trong sieu th ......................................................... 39

Hnh 1.23. ng dung cong nghe RFID vao cay ghep ........................................................ 40

Hnh 1.24. Qua trnh lam viec cua the va reader ............................................................... 43

Hnh 1.25. Qua trnh truyen nhan d lieu gia the va reader............................................. 44

Chng 2. CAC HE THONG RFID C BAN

Hnh 2.1. Cac he thong RFID khac nhau ............................................................................ 45

Hnh 2.2. Gii thieu hoat ong cua he thong EAS tan so vo tuyen ..................................... 47

Hnh 2.3. Antenna khung cua he thong RF (cao 1,2 - 1,6m) va transponder ....................... 48

Hnh 2.4. Mach c ban va hnh dang cu the cua transponder viba ..................................... 49Hnh 2.5. Transponder viba nam trong vung truy van cua detector .................................... 49

Hnh 2.6. S o mach ien va hoat ong cua EAS s dung bo chia tan so ......................... 50

Hnh 2.7. Antenna cua he thong RFID ien t (cao 1.40 m) va transponder ...................... 52

Hnh 2.8. Truyen d lieu trong he thong song cong, ban song cong va tuan t ................. .53

Hnh 2.9. Nang lng cung cap cho transponder thong qua t trng phat ra cua reader . 54

Hnh 2.10. Truyen d lieu bang load modulation t transponder en reader ..................... 55

Hnh 2.11. Pho cua ieu che song mang phu...................................................................... 56

Hnh 2.12. S o mach cua transponder hai phu ................................................................ 57

Hnh 2.13. Hoat ong cua transponder tan xa lui .............................................................. 59

Hnh 2.14. Transponder ghep gan c a vao trong reader ........................................... 60

Hnh 2.15. He thong ghep ien s dung ien trng e truyen nang lng va d lieu ....... 61

Hnh 2.16. S o mach tng ng cua he thong RFID ghep ien ................................... 62

Hnh 2.17. S o khoi cua transponder tuan t s dung ghep cam ng .............................. 64

Hnh 2.18. S o ien ap cua tu nap .................................................................................. 64

Chng 3. CAU TRUC CUA THIET B MANG D LIEU

Hnh 3.1. S o phan loai cac thiet b mang d lieu dung trong RFID ............................... 66

Hnh 3.2. S o khoi cua tranpsonder co bo nh ................................................................ 67


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Hnh 3.3. S o khoi cua mot mach HF cua transponder lien ket cam ng vi bo load

modulator ........................................................................................................................... 67

Hnh 3.4. S o khoi cua Address and Security logic .......................................................... 68

Hnh 3.5. S o khoi cua mot transponder ch oc ............................................................. 69

Hnh 3.6. S o khoi cua mot transponder ghi c co chc nang bao mat e thc hien xac

nhan gia transponder va reader ....................................................................................... 71

Hnh 3.7. Transponder co 2 bo nh khoa e cap quyen truy xuat khac nhau .........................

Hnh 3.8. Mot transponder co the dung cho nhieu ng dung bang cach phan oan bo nh cua

no ....................................................................................................................................... 72

Hnh 3.9. S khac nhau gia segment co nh va segment t do ......................................... 74Hnh 3.10. S o khoi cua mot transponder co dung bo vi x ly ........................................ 74

Hnh 3.11. Qua trnh x ly lenh trong he ieu hanh the thong minh .................................. 75

Hnh 3.12. S o khoi cua mot the hai giao tiep ................................................................. 76

Hnh 3.13. Transponder lien ket cam ng co them cam bien nhiet o ................................ 78


Hnh 4.1. Nguyen ly Master-Slave gia phan mem, reader va tranpsonder ........................ 79

Hnh 4.2. S o khoi cua mot reader gom co he thong ieu khien va mach HF. Toan bo he

thong c ieu khien bang nhng lenh ............................................................................. 81

Hnh 4.3. S o khoi mach HF cua he thong RFID lien ket cam ng ................................. 82

Hnh 4.4. S o khoi cua mot mach HF trong he thong viba .............................................. 83

Hnh 4.5. Hoat ong cua mot bo directional coupler vi he thong RFID tan xa lui ........... 83

Hnh 4.6. S o khoi HF cua reader trong he thong SEQ ................................................... 84

Hnh 4.7. S o khoi n v ieu khien cua reader ............................................................. 85

Hnh 4.8. Qua trnh ma hoa va giai ma tn hieu bang n v ieu khien cua reader .......... 85

Hnh 4.9. Ket noi cuon day antenna bang ky thuat 50.................................................... .87

Hnh 4.10. Mach ien phoi hp tr khang cho cuon day antenna....................................... 87

Chng 5. MA HOA VA IEU CHE D LIEU


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Hnh 5.1. S o khoi he thong vien thong so ...................................................................... 89

Hnh 5.2. Cac loai ma ng truyen trong he thong RFID ................................................. 90

Hnh 5.3. Ma Pulse-pause .................................................................................................. 91

Hnh 5.4. ieu che ASK ...................................................................................................... 92

Hnh 5.5. ieu che FSK ...................................................................................................... 92

Hnh 5.6. ieu che PSK ...................................................................................................... 93

Hnh 5.7. S o ieu che ghep kenh vi kieu ieu che ASK song mang phu ...................... .93

Hnh 5.8. Pho cua tn hieu ieu che song mang phu. .......................................................... 94

Chng 6. S CHNH XAC CUA D LIEU

Hnh 6.1. Kiem tra LRC ...................................................................................................... 95Hnh 6.2. Truyen d lieu en nhieu the .............................................................................. 97

Hnh 6.3. Nhan d lieu t nhieu the ................................................................................... 97

Hnh 6.4. Cac phng phap tranh xung ot d lieu ............................................................ 98

Hnh 6.5. SDMA, anten nh hng ch lan lt en cac transponder ................................ 98

Hnh 6.6. FMDA, vai kenh truyen vi cac tan so khac nhau dung cho viec truyen d lieu gia

transponder va reader ........................................................................................................ 99

Hnh 6.7. Cac phng phap ieu khien reader ................................................................. 100

Hnh 6.8. Ma NRZ ............................................................................................................ 101

Hnh 6.9. Ma hoa NRZ khong the phat hien s xung ot d lieu gia cac transponder ... 101

Hnh 6.10. Ma Manchester ............................................................................................... 102

Hnh 6.11. Ma hoa Manchester giup phat hien bit xung ot ............................................. 102

Hnh 6.12. Qua trnh tm kiem transponder hp le ........................................................... 103

Hnh 6.13. So lan thc hien trung bnh e xac nh a ch transponder .......................... 104

PHAN 2

THIET KE VA THI CONG

-----------------------


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v

Chng 1. TONG QUAN VE HE THONG

Hnh 1.1. Reader (DL910) ................................................................................................ 107

Hnh 1.2. S o khoi cua the SL3 ICS10 ........................................................................... 111

Hnh 1.3. Mo hnh thc te khao sat .................................................................................. 116

Chng 2. PHAN TCH HE THONG

Hnh 2.1. S o chc nang ................................................................................................ 119

Hnh 2.2. S o ng canh ................................................................................................. 120

Hnh 2.3. S o luong d lieu ........................................................................................... 121

Chng 3. CHNG TRNH VA KET QUA THI CONG

Hnh 3.1. Lu o giai thuat quan ly he thong ................................................................... 123

Hnh 3.2. Giao dien ang nhap he thong .......................................................................... 124

Hnh 3.3. Giao dien chng trnh chnh ............................................................................ 125

Hnh 3.4. Lu o giai thuat muc oc ghi ......................................................................... 126

Hnh 3.5. Giao dien oc ghi ............................................................................................. 126

Hnh 3.6. Lu o giai thuat muc Cham cong .................................................................... 127

Hnh 3.7. Giao dien Cham cong ....................................................................................... 128


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vi

DANH SACH BANG BIEU

PHAN 1


-----------------------


Bang 1.1: So sanh mot so he thong nhan dang .................................................................... 9

Bang 1.2: Tan so hoat ong cua RFID .............................................................................. 35

Chng 2. CAC HE THONG RFID C BANBang 2.1: Cac tham so he thong cho cac he thong RF ...................................................... 48

Bang 2.2: Dai tan so cua cac he thong bao mat khac nhau ............................................... 48

Bang 2.3: Cac thong so c ban cua he thong .................................................................... 50

Bang 2.4: Suy hao ng truyen trong khong gian t do ng vi nhng tan so khac nhau (o

li cua antenna transponder la 1,64, cua antenna reader la 1) .......................................... 58


Bang 4.1: V du ve qua trnh thc thi mot lenh oc bi phan mem, reader va transponder .

........................................................................................................................................... 80

PHAN 2

THIET KE VA THI CONG

-----------------------Chng 1. TONG QUAN VE HE THONG

Bang 1.1: Ke hoach thc hien va phan cong nhiem vu ................................................... 106

Bang 1.2: Cac thong so c ban cua Reader (DL910) ...................................................... 107


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vi

Bang 1.3: Cac thong so ve oc ghi cua Reader (DL910) ................................................ 107

Bang 1.4: Cong ho tr cua Reader (DL910) .................................................................... 108

Bang 1.5: Cac thong so ve ien cua Reader (DL910) ..................................................... 108

Bang 1.6: Kch thc Reader (DL910) ............................................................................ 108

Bang 1.7: Ma ket noi, ngat ket noi, oc ghi the .............................................................. 108

Bang 1.8: Tan so hoat ong theo chuan cua the SL3 ICS10 ........................................... 111

Bang 1.9: Khoang cach hoat ong cua the UCODE HSL trong cac bang tan so ............ 113

Bang 1.10: Ket qua o ac thc te tam o thang goc cc ai cua Reader

(UHF_R_G2_232_2A) vi hai loai the thu ong (SL3 ICS10 va SL3 ICS30 chuan UCODE

EPC GEN2) di chuyen vi van toc cc ai ...................................................................... 116Chng 2. PHAN TCH HE THONG

Bang 2.1: Mo hnh c s d lieu ...................................................................................... 122


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vii

DANH SACH CAC T VIET TATBd (Baud bit/s): Toc o truyen

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): a truy cap phan chia mat ma

EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance): Thiet b giam sat ien t

EEPROM (Electric Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory): Kieu EPROM co the

xoa bang tn hieu ien

ERP (Equivalen Radiated Power):

FDMA(Frequency Domain Multiple Access):

FDX (Full-Duplex): Song cong

FSK (Frequency Shift Keying): ieu che dch tan so

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication/Groupe Special Mobile): He thong truyen

thong di ong toan cau

HDX (Half-Duplex): Ban song cong

HSL (High Frequency Smart Label): He thong ghi nhan thong minh dung tan so cao

ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical (frequency range)): Ngng tan so c ng dung trong y

khoa

ISO (International Organization for Standardization): To chc ISO

LAN (Local Area Network): Mang ket noi cuc bo

NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero): Khong tr ve 0

OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Nhan dang ky t quang hoc

PC (Personal Computer): May tnh ca nhan

RFID(Radio Frequency Identification): Ky thuat nhan dang bang vo tuyenRO (Read Only): Ch oc

RW (Read Write): oc ghi

SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave):

SDMA(Space Division Multiple Access):


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vii

SEQ (Sequential System): He thong tuan t

STAC (Slotted Terminal Adaptive Collection):

TDMA(Time Domain Multiple Access): a truy cap theo mien thi gian

UHF (Ultra High Frequency): Tan so sieu cao (300MHz 3GHz)

UPC (Universal Product Code): Ma san pham chuan toan cau

WORM (Write Once, Read Many): ghi mot lan, oc nhieu lan


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Luan van tot nghiep: ng dung cong nghe RFID vao he thong quan ly nhan s

SVTH: Nguyen nh Thanh GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc-1-

PHAN 1


-----------------------Chng 1. TONG QUAN VE CONG NGHE RFID

1.1. S lc ve cac he thong nhan dang t ong

1.1.1. He thong ma vach (Barcode system)

Ma vach la hnh gom nhieu soc ng, rong va hep c in e ai dien cho cac

ma so di dang may co the oc c.

Cac ma soc phu hp vi tieu chuan Universal Product Code (UPC) c in tren

hau het cac san pham hang hoa bay ban trong cac sieu th hien nay. Khi hnh ma soc

c keo lt qua mot dung cu quet quang hoc quay kiem tra thu tien, may tnh se oi

chieu so hieu san pham vi c s d lieu cac danh sach gia va in ra gia tien ung vi

ma o.

Hnh 1.1. Ma vach

1.1.2. Nhan dang ky t quang hoc (Optical character recognition - OCR)

Nhan dang ky t quang hoc la s cam nhan bang may cac ch in va ch anh

may. Bang phan mem OCR, cac may quet co the quet tren mot trang ch in, va cac ky

t se c bien thanh cac van ban theo qui cach tai lieu cua chng trnh x ly t.


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Hnh 1.2. Ky t quang hoc

1.1.3. Phng thc sinh trac hoc (Biometric procedures)

Nhan dang giong noi (Voice identification)La phng thc c thc hien bang cach kiem tra cac ac trng cua giong noi

cua ngi noi vi mot mau tham khao co trc, neu tng ng th ap ng se thc hien

theo yeu cau cua ngi noi.

Nhan dang dau van tay (Fingerprinting procedures (dactyloscopy))Tien trnh nay da tren s so sanh mau nhu va lp da tren au ngon tay. He

thong se phan tch d lieu t cac mau no oc c va em so sanh vi mau tham khao

a c lu tr.

1.1.4. The thong minh (Smart Cards)The thong minhla mot he thong lu tr d lieu ien t. No co kch thc

khoang bang the tn dung co the cha thong tin va trong hau het cac trng hp

th no cha ca mot bo vi x ly ieu khien nhieu chc nang ap ng nhu cau

ngi s dung. Khong giong nh the t co nhng soc t ngoai mat the, the thong

minh gi thong tin ben trong no ma v the an toan hn nhieu. The thong minh

thng c dung cho nhng thiet b can xac minh chu quyen cua ngi s dung,va no tao ra nhng ma truy cap cho he thong bao an. The thong minh au tien la

the thong minh ien thoai tra trc c a vao s dung nam 1984.

Co 2 loai the thong minh c ban khac nhau da vao tnh nang ben trong

cua no: the nh va the vi x ly.


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The nh (Memory cards)Trong the nh, bo nh - thng la EEPROM c truy cap s dung he

thong logic tuan t, no cung co the c ket hp vi giai thuat bao mat n gian

bang cach s dung he thong nay. Cac chc nang cua the nh thng c toi u

hoa cho mot ng dung cu the. Tnh linh hoat cua no b gii han, tuy nhien ve mat

tch cc the bo nh co u the ve gia ca. Chnh v ly do o ma the bo nh c

dung rong rai.

Hnh 1.3. Kien truc tieu bieu cua the bo nh co logic bao mat

The vi x ly (Microprocessor cards)The vi x ly cha mot bo vi x ly c noi ti cac o bo nh (RAM, ROM va

EEPROM). The vi x ly rat linh hoat. Trong he thong the thong minh hien ai, no cung

co the tch hp cac ng dung khac nhau trong mot the (a ng dung).

Hnh 1.4. Kien truc c ban cua mot the vi x ly


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ROM c lap trnh mat na tao ket hp thanh he thong hoat ong (ma lap trnh

cao hn) cho bo vi x ly va c chen vao trong qua trnh san xuat chip. Noi dung cua

no c xac lap trong qua trnh san xuat, tng t cho tat ca cac chip khac trong cung

t san pham, va chung khong the lap trnh lai c.

EEPROM cua chip cha d lieu ng dung va cac ma chng trnh lien quan ti

ng dung. Viec oc hay ghi d lieu c ieu khien bi he ieu hanh.

RAM la bo nh lam viec tam thi cua bo vi x ly. D lieu cua no co the b mat

khi mat ien.

Cac loai the vi x ly c dung trong cac ng dung co o bao mat. Cac loai the

thong minh c dung trong cac he thong ien thoai di ong GSM. Tuy chon cua vieclap trnh the vi x ly cung thuan tien cho viec tao ra cac ng dung mi.

1.1.5. He thong RFID (RFID System)

He thong RFID lien he rat gan vi the thong minh. Cung nh he thong the thong

minh, d lieu c lu tr tren thiet b mang d lieu ien t la bo phat ap. Tuy nhien,

khong giong nh the thong minh, nang lng cung cap cho thiet b mang d lieu va cho

viec trao oi d lieu gia no va au oc/phat tn hieu khong da tren s tiep xuc ien

ma thay va o la s dung t tnh va trng ien t.

Hnh 1.5. He thong RFID


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1.2. Gii thieu chung ve nhan dang vo tuyen RFID

1.2.1. Lch s phat trien cua he thong RFID

Cac cong nghe ngay nay luon hng ti s n gian, tien li va ac trng luon

c u tien hang au la kha nang khong day (wireless). Thiet b khong day cang ngay

cang phat trien rong rai lam cho con ngi c giai phong, t do va thoai mai hn.

Cong nghe RFID ra i a tao ra cuoc cach mang trong moi trng tng tac hien nay.

RFID la mot trong nhng ky thuat c anh gia cao va phat trien nhanh chong

trong khoang thi gian ngan. Lan au tien mot cong nghe tng t o la bo tach song

IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) c phat minh nam 1937 bi ngi Anh va c

quan ong minh s dung trong The Chien lan th II e nhan dang may bay ta va ch.Ky thuat nay tr thanh nen tang cho he thong kiem soat khong lu the gii vao thap

nien 50. Nhng trong khoang thi gian nay do chi ph qua cao va kch thc qua ln cua

he thong nen chung ch c s dung trong quan oi, phong nghien cu va nhng trung

tam thng mai ln.

Hnh 1.6. Lch s phat trien RFID giai oan 1880-1960


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Cuoi thap nien 60 va au thap nien 70, bat au xuat hien nhng cong ty gii

thieu nhng ng dung mi cho RFID ma khong qua phc tap va at tien. Ban au phat

trien nhng thiet b giam sat ien t (Electronic Article Surveillance - EAS) e kiem

soat hang hoa chang han nh quan ao hay sach trong th vien.

Ky thuat RFID ngay cang c nhieu ngi biet en trong nhng thap nien 60

va 70, bat au xuat hien nhieu hn ng dung cua ky thuat nay trong nhieu mat cua cuoc

song. Ky thuat nay cang c hoan thien, t nhan biet tr thanh nhan dang.

en nam 1973, Mario Cardullo (USA) chnh thc tr thanh ngi au tien hoanthien cong nghe RFID.

Viec khao sat t m ky thuat radio c em nghien cu va phat trien trong cac

hoat ong thng mai cho en thap nien 1960 va tien trien ro vao nhng nam 1970 bi

cac cong ty, hoc vien va chnh phu My. Chang han, Bo nang lng Los Alamos Nation

Laboratory a phat trien he thong theo doi nguyen lieu hat nhan bang cach at the vao

xe tai va at cac reader tai cac cong cua bo phan bao ve. ay la he thong c s dung

ngay nay trong cac he thong tra tien le ph t ong. Ky thuat nay cai tien so vi cac ky

thuat trc nh cac ma vach tren hang hoa va cac the card vien co tnh t.

RFID tien tien vao au nhng nam 80, co nhng ng dung rong rai trong viec

kiem soat xe tai My hay anh dau an gia suc tai Chau Au. He thong RFID cung c


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ng dung trong viec nghien cu i song hoang da, cac the RFID c gan vao trong

nhng con vat, nh o co the lan theo dau vet cua chung trong moi trng hoang da.

en thap nien 90, khi ma tan so UHF c s dung va the hien c nhng u iem

cua mnh ve khoang cach va toc o truyen d lieu th cong nghe RFID a at c

nhng thanh tu rc r.


Mac du nhng nguyen ly c ban cua ky thuat RFID a ton tai t thi Marconi

nhng chung ta ch mi bat au ban en nhng tiem nang to ln cua no t cuoi the ky

20. Nhng nam au cua the ky 21 a anh dau nhng iem moc chuyen bien quan

trong cua RFID. Ky thuat RFID hien nay ang c s dung trong ca khu vc kinh te t

nhan va nha nc, t viec theo doi sach trong th vien en viec xac nhan mot chiec

cha khoa khi ong xe. Cac nha ban le tam c ang yeu cau cac nha cung cap ln s

dung the RFID, cung vi nhng tien bo ky thuat va giam gia ca a thuc ay s phat

trien cua RFID.

Tai Viet Nam hien nay, nhu cau s dung RFID ngay cang nhieu va m ra mot th

trng vo cung tiem nang cho cac nha nghien cu, sinh vien va cac nha san xuat. Tuy

nhien e co the van dung va phat trien mot he thong, chung ra cung can phai co s hieu

biet nhat nh ve chung.

1.2.2. Khai niem RFID


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La cong nghe xac nhan d lieu oi tng bang song vo tuyen e nhan dang,

theo doi va lu thong tin trong mot the (Tag). Reader quet d lieu the va gi thong tin

en c s d lieu lu tr d lieu cua the.

Ky thuat RFID co lien quan en he thong khong day cho phep mot thiet b oc

thong tin c cha trong mot chip khong tiep xuc trc tiep khoang cach xa, ma

khong thc hien bat ky giao tiep vat ly nao hoac yeu cau mot s nhn thay gia hai cai.

No cho ta phng phap truyen va nhan d lieu t mot iem en iem khac.

Dang n gian nhat c s dung hien nay he thong RFID b ong lam viec nh

sau: mot RFID reader truyen mot tn hieu tan so vo tuyen ien t qua antenna cua no

en mot con chip khong tiep xuc. Reader nhan thong tin tr lai t chip va gi no enmay tnh ieu khien au oc va x ly thong tin tm c t con chip. Cac con chip

khong tiep xuc, khong tch ien, chung hoat ong bang cach s dung nang lng chung

nhan t tn hieu c gi bi mot reader.

Ky thuat RFID s dung truyen thong khong day trong dai tan song vo tuyen e

truyen d lieu t cac the en cac reader. The co the c nh kem hoac gan vao oi

tng c nhan dang chang han san pham, hop hoac pallet.

1.2.3. So sanh cac he thong ID khac nhau

T cach phan tch cac he thong nhan dang mo ta tren cho ta thay u iem va

nhc iem cua RFID vi cac he thong khac (Bang 1.1).

Bang 1.1: So sanh mot so he thong nhan dang

Cac thong so Ma vach OCR Nhan The RFID


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dangbang

giong noi

thongminh

So lng d lieu(byte) 1 100 1 100 16 64K

96 bits en

64KMat o d lieu Thap Thap Cao Rat cao Rat cao

Kha nang oc cuathiet b

Tot Tot at tien Tot Tot

oc c user Han chengian

n gianKhong

theKhong the

Tac ong cua chatban/o am

Rat cao Rat cao Co theKhong anh

hng

Tac ong cua vo bocSai hoan

toan

Sai hoan

toan

Khong anh

hngTac ong theo chieuva v tr

Thap ThapMot

chieuKhong anh

hng

S thoai hoa Han che Han che Tiep xucKhong anh

hng

Chi ph mua Rat thapTrungbnh

Rat cao ThapTrung bnh

thap

Chi ph hoat ong Thap ThapTrungbnh

Khong

Khong can s xac

nhan Co chut t

Co chut

t Co the

Khong

the Khong theToc o oc d lieu 4 giay 3 giay > 5 giay 4 giay

Rat nhanh0,5 giay

Khoang cach toi agia au oc va thiet

b mang d lieu0 50 cm

Di 1cm

0 50 cmChieu

tiep xuc0 60 m

1.3. Cac thanh phan cua mot he thong RFID

Cac thanh phan chnh trong he thong RFID la the, reader va c s d lieu.

Mot he thong RFID toan dien bao gom bom thanh phan:- The RFID (RFID Tag, Transponder - bo phat ap) c lap trnh ien t

vi thong tin duy nhat.

- Cac reader (au oc) hoac sensor (cai cam bien) e truy van cac the.

- Antenna thu, phat song vo tuyen.


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- Host computer - server, ni ma may chu va he thong phan mem giao

dien vi he thong c tai. No cung co the phan phoi phan mem trong cac reader va

cam bien. C s ha tang truyen thong: la thanh phan bat buoc, no la mot tap gom ca hai

mang co day va khong day va cac bo phan ket noi tuan t e ket noi cac thanh phan a

liet ke tren vi nhau e chung truyen vi nhau hieu qua.

Hnh 1.9. He thong RFID toan dien

1.3.1. The RFID

The RFID (bo phat ap), thiet b lu tr d lieu thc te cua mot he thong RFID,

thng bao gom mot phan t ket noi (Coupling element) va mot vi chp ien t.

Hnh 1.10. Layout cua thiet b mang d lieu, transponder. Hnh ben trai transponder ghep

cam ng vi antenna cuon day, hnh ben phai transponder viba vi antenna dipole

The gom co 2 phan chnh:


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- Chip: lu tr mot so th t duy nhat hoac thong tin khac da tren loai

the: read-only, read-write, hoac write-once-read-many.

- Antenna c gan vi vi mach truyen thong tin t chip en reader.

Antenna cang ln cho biet pham vi oc cang ln.

Cac the RFID c phan loai da tren viec the co cha mot cung cap nguon gan

ben trong hay la c cung cap bi thiet b chuyen dung:

- Thu ong (Passive)

- Tch cc (Active)

- Ban tch cc (Semi-active, con goi ban thu ong - semi-passive)

The thu ong

Hnh 1.11.Cau truc cua mot the thu ong

Loai the nay khong co nguon ben trong (on-board), s dung nguon nhan c t

reader e t tiep sinh lc hoat ong va truyen d lieu c lu tr trong no cho reader.

The thu ong co cau truc n gian va khong co cac thanh phan ong. The nh the co

mot thi gian song dai va thng co sc chu ng vi ieu kien moi trng khac

nghiet.oi vi loai the nay, khi the va reader truyen thong vi nhau th reader luon

truyen trc roi mi en the. Cho nen bat buoc phai co reader e the co the truyen d

lieu cua no.


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The thu ong c oc khoang cach t 11cm trng gan (ISO 14443), en

10m trng xa (ISO 18000-6), va co the len en 183m khi ket hp vi ma tran.

The thu ong nho hn va cung re hn the tch cc hoac ban tch cc.

Cac the thu ong co the thc thi tan so low, high, ultrahigh, hoac microwave

The thu ong bao gom nhng thanh phan chnh sau:

- Vi mach (microchip).

- Antenna.

Vi machVi mach thong thng gom co:

- Bo chnh lu (power control/rectifier): chuyen nguon AC t tn hieuantenna cua reader thanh nguon DC. No cung cap nguon en cac thanh phan khac cua

vi mach.

- May tach xung (Clock extractor): rut tn hieu xung t tn hieu antenna

cua reader.

- Bo ieu che (Modulator): ieu chnh tn hieu nhan c t reader. ap

ng cua the c gan trong tn hieu a ieu che, sau o no c truyen tr lai reader.

- n v luan ly (Logic unit): chu trach nhiem cung cap giao thc truyen

gia the va reader.

- Bo nh vi mach (memory): c dung lu tr d lieu. Bo nh nay

thng c phan oan (gom vai block hoac field). Addressability co ngha la co kha

nang phan tch (oc hoac ghi) vao bo nh rieng cua mot vi mach cua the. Mot block

nh cua the co the gi nhieu loai d lieu khac nhau, v du nh mot phan cua d lieu

nhan dang oi tng c gan the, cac bit checksum (chang han kiem tra loi CRC)kiem tra o chnh xac cua d lieu c truyen v.v S tien bo cua ky thuat cho phep

kch thc cua vi mach nho en mc nho hn hat cat. Tuy nhien, kch c cua the khong

c xac nh bi kch thc vi mach cua no ma bi chieu dai antenna cua no.


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AntennaAntenna cua the c dung e lay nang lng t tn hieu cua reader e lam tang

sinh lc cho the hoat ong, gi hoac nhan d lieu t reader. Antenna nay c gan vao

vi mach, antenna la trung tam oi vi hoat ong cua the.

Co the co nhieu dang antenna, nhat la UHF, chieu dai antenna tng ng vi

bc song hoat ong cua the. Mot antenna lng cc bao gom mot day dan ien (chang

han ong) ma no b ngat trung tam. Chieu dai tong cong cua mot antenna lng cc

bang na bc song tan so c dung nham toi u nang lng truyen t tn hieu

antenna cua reader en the. Reader co the oc the nay nhieu hng khac nhau.

Chieu dai antenna cua the thng ln hn nhieu so vi vi mach cua the v vayno quyet nh kch c vat ly cua the. Mot antenna co the c thiet ke da tren mot so

nhan to sau ay:

- Khoang cach oc cua the vi reader.

- Hng co nh cua the oi vi reader.

- Hng tuy y cua the oi vi reader.

- Loai san pham rieng biet.

- Van toc cua oi tng c gan the.

- o phan cc antenna cua reader.

Nhng iem ket noi gia vi mach cua the va antenna la nhng ket noi yeu nhat

cua the. Neu co bat ky iem ket noi nao b hong th xem nh the khong lam viec c

hoac co the hieu suat lam viec giam ang ke.

Hien tai, antenna cua the c xay dng bang mot manh kim loai mong (chang

han ong, bac hoac nhom). Tuy nhien, trong tng lai co the se in trc tiep antenna lennhan the, hop va san pham ong goi bang cach s dung mot loai mc dan co cha

ong, cacbon va niken.


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The tch cc

Hnh 1.12. Mot so loai the tch cc

The tch cc co mot nguon nang lng ben trong (chang han mot bo pin, hoac co

the la nhng nguon nang lng khac nh s dung nguon nang lng mat tri) va ien thoc e thc thi nhng nhiem vu chuyen dung. The tch cc s dung nguon nang lng

ben trong e truyen d lieu cho reader. No khong can nguon nang lng t reader e

truyen d lieu. ien t hoc ben trong gom bo vi mach, cam bien va cac cong vao/ra

c cap nguon bi nguon nang lng ben trong no.

oi vi loai the nay, trong qua trnh truyen gia the va reader, the luon truyen

trc, roi mi en reader. V s hien dien cua reader khong can thiet cho viec truyen

d lieu nen the tch cc co the phat d lieu cua no cho nhng vung lan can no tham ch

trong ca trng hp reader khong co ni o

Khoang cach oc cua the tch cc la 100 feet (xap x 30.5 m) hoac hn na khi

may phat tch cc cua loai the nay c dung en.

The tch cc bao gom 4 thanh phan chnh sau:

- Vi mach: Kch c va kha nang lam viec vi mach thng ln hn vi mach

trong the thu ong.- Antenna: co the truyen tn hieu cua the va nhan tn hieu reader. oi vi

the ban tch cc, gom mot hoac nhieu manh kim loai nh ong, tng t nh the thu

ong.

- Cung cap nguon ben trong.


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- ien t hoc ben trong

Hai thanh phan au tien (vi mach, antenna) a c mo ta trong phan trc. Sau

ay, hai thanh phan sau se c c trnh bay:

Nguon nang lng ben trongTat ca cac the tch cc eu mang mot nguon nang lng ben trong e cung cap

nguon cho ien t hoc ben trong va truyen d lieu. Neu s dung bo pin th the tch cc

thng keo dai tuoi tho t 2 en 7 nam tuy thuoc vao thi gian song cua bo pin. Mot

trong nhng nhan to quyet nh thi gian song cua bo pin la toc o truyen d lieu cua

the. Neu khoang cach o cang rong th bo pin cang ton tai lau va v the thi gian song

cua the cung dai hn. ien t hoc ben trong

ien t hoc ben trong cho phep the hoat ong nh mot may phat va cho phep no

thc thi nhng nhiem vu chuyen dung nh tnh toan, hien th gia tr cac tham so ong

nao o, hoac hoat ong nh mot cam bien, v.v Thanh phan nay cung co the cho phep

chon la ket noi vi cac cam bien ben ngoai. V vay the co the thc thi nhieu nhiem vu

thong minh, tuy thuoc vao loai cam bien c gan vao.

The ban tch cc (ban thu ong)The ban tch cc co mot nguon nang lng ben trong (chang han la bo pin) va

ien t hoc ben trong e thc thi nhng nhiem vu chuyen dung. Nguon ben trong cung

cap sinh lc cho the hoat ong. Tuy nhien trong qua trnh truyen d lieu, the ban tch

cc s dung nguon t reader. The ban tch cc c goi la the co ho tr pin (battery-

assisted tag).

Hnh 1.13. Cau truc cua mot the ban tch cc


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oi vi loai the nay, trong qua trnh truyen gia the va reader th reader luon

truyen trc roi en the. Tai sao s dung the ban tch cc ma khong s dung the thu

ong? Bi v the ban tch cc khong s dung tn hieu cua reader nh the thu ong, no t

kch ong, no co the oc khoang cach xa hn the thu ong. Bi v khong can thi gian

tiep sinh lc cho the ban tch cc, the co the nam trong pham vi oc cua reader t hn

thi gian oc quy nh (khong giong nh the thu ong). V vay neu oi tng c gan

the ang di chuyen toc o cao, d lieu the co the van c oc neu s dung the ban

tch cc. The ban tch cc cung cho phep oc tot hn ngay ca khi gan the bang nhng

vat lieu chan tan so vo tuyen (RF-opaque va RF-absorbent). S co mat cua nhng vat

lieu nay co the ngan khong cho the thu ong hoat ong ung dan en viec truyen dlieu khong thanh cong. Tuy nhien, ay khong phai la van e kho khan oi vi the ban

tch cc.

Pham vi oc cua the ban tch cc co the len en 100 feet (xap x 30.5 m) vi

ieu kien ly .

Viec phan loai tiep theo da tren kha nang ho tr ghi chep d lieu:

- Ch oc (RO)

- Ghi mot lan, oc nhieu lan (WORM)

- oc-Ghi (RW)

The read only (RO)The RO co the c lap trnh (tc la ghi d lieu len the RO) ch mot lan. D lieu

co the c lu vao the tai x nghiep trong luc san xuat. Viec nay c thc hien nh

sau: cac fuse rieng le tren vi mach cua the c lu co nh bang cach s dung chum tia

laser. Sau khi thc hien xong, khong the ghi e d lieu len the c na. The nay cgoi la factory programmed. Nha san xuat loai the nay se a d lieu len the va ngi s

dung the khong the ieu chnh c. Loai the nay ch tot oi vi nhng ng dung nho

ma khong thc te oi vi quy mo san xuat ln hoac khi d lieu cua the can c lam


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theo yeu cau cua khac hang da tren ng dung. Loai the nay c s dung trong cac

ng dung kinh doanh va hang khong nho.

The write once, read many (WORM)The WORM co the c ghi d lieu mot lan, ma thng th khong phai c ghi

bi nha san xuat ma bi ngi s dung the ngay luc the can c ghi. Tuy nhien trong

thc te th co the ghi c vai lan (khoang 100 lan). Neu ghi qua so lan cho phep, the

co the b pha hong vnh vien. The WORM c goi la field programmable.

Loai the nay co gia ca va hieu suat tot, co an toan d lieu va la loai the pho bien

nhat trong lnh vc kinh doanh ngay nay.

The read write (RW)The RW co the ghi d lieu c nhieu lan, khoang t 10.000 en 100.000 lan

hoac co the hn na. Viec nay em lai li ch rat ln v d lieu co the c ghi bi

reader hoac bi the (neu la the tch cc). The RW gom thiet b nh Flash va FRAM e

lu d lieu. The RW c goi la field programmable hoac reprogrammable. S an toan

d lieu la mot thach thc oi vi the RW. Them vao na la loai the nay thng at

nhat. The RW khong c s dung rong rai trong cac ng dung ngay nay, trong tng

lai co the cong nghe the phat trien th chi ph the giam xuong.

1.3.2. Reader

Mot reader ien hnh cha mot Module tan so vo tuyen (may phat va may thu)

la mot n v ieu khien va la phan t ket noi en bo phat ap. Ngoai ra cac reader con

c gan vi 1 mot giao dien bo sung (RS232, RS485) e chung co the chuyen tiep d

lieu oc c en mot he thong khac (PC, he thong ieu khien robot)

Reader RFID c goi la vat tra hoi (interrogator), la mot thiet b oc va ghi dlieu cac the RFID tng thch. Hoat ong ghi d lieu len the bang reader c goi la

tao the. Qua trnh tao the va ket hp the vi mot oi tng c goi la a the vao hoat

ong (commissioning the tag).


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Reader la he than kinh trung ng cua toan he thong, phan cng RFID thiet lap

viec truyen vi thanh phan nay va ieu khien no, la thao tac quan trong nhat cua bat ky

thc the nao muon lien ket vi thc the phan cng nay.

Mot reader co cau truc layout nhHnh 1.14 di ay:

Hnh 1.14. Cau truc layout c ban cua mot reader

Cac thanh phan chnh cua reader bao gom:

- May phat (Transmitter)

- May thu (Receiver)

- Vi mach (Microprocessor)

- Bo nh.

- Kenh vao/ra oi vi cac cam bien, c cau truyen ong au t, bang tn

hieu ien bao ben ngoai (mac du noi ung ra ay la nhng thanh phan khong bat buoc,

chung hau nh luon c cung cap vi mot reader thng mai).

- Mach ieu khien (co the no c at ben ngoai)

- Mach truyen thong.


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- Nguon nang lng.

Cac thanh phan chnh cua readerMay phat

May phat cua reader truyen nguon AC va chu ky xung ong ho qua antenna cua

no en the trong pham vi oc cho phep, no chu trach nhiem gi tn hieu cua reader en

moi trng xung quanh va nhan lai ap ng cua the qua antenna cua reader.

May thuMay thu nhan tn hieu tng t t the qua antenna cua reader. Sau o no gi

nhng tn hieu nay cho vi mach cua reader, tai ni nay no c chuyen thanh tn hieu so

tng ng (co ngha la d lieu ma the a truyen cho reader c bieu dien dangso).

Vi machThanh phan nay chu trach nhiem cung cap giao thc cho reader e no truyen

thong vi the tng thch vi no. No thc hien viec giai ma va kiem tra loi tn hieu

tng t nhan t may thu.

Bo nhBo nh dung lu tr d lieu nh cac tham so cau hnh reader va mot ban ke khai

cac lan oc the. V vay neu viec ket noi gia reader va he thong mach ieu khien/phan

mem b hong th tat ca d lieu the a c oc khong b mat.

Cac kenh nhap/xuat cua cac cam bien, c cau truyen ong au t va bangtn hieu ien bao ben ngoai

Cac reader khong can bat suot. Cac the co the ch xuat hien luc nao o va ri

khoi reader mai cho nen viec bat reader suot se gay lang ph nang lng. Them na la

gii han va e cap tren cung anh hng en chu ky lam viec cua reader. Thanh

phan nay cung cap mot c che bat va tat reader tuy thuoc vao cac s kien ben ngoai.

Co mot so loai cam bien nh cam bien ve anh sang hoac s chuyen ong e phat hien

cac oi tng c gan the trong pham vi oc cua reader. Cam bien nay cho phep


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reader bat len e oc the. Thanh phan nay cung cho phep reader cung cap xuat cuc bo

tuy thuoc vao mot so ieu kien qua mot bang tn hieu ien bao (chang han, bao bang

am thanh) hoac c cau truyen ong au t (chang han, m hoac ong van an toan, di

chuyen mot canh tay robot, v.v).

Mach ieu khienMach ieu khien la mot thc the cho phep thc the ben ngoai la con ngi hoac

chng trnh may tnh giao tiep, ieu khien cac chc nang cua reader, ieu khien bang

tn hieu ien bao va c cau truyen ong au t ket hp vi reader nay. Thng th cac

nha san xuat hp nhat thanh phan nay vao reader (nh phan mem he thong (firmware)

chang han). Giao dien truyen thong

Thanh phan giao dien truyen thong cung cap cac lenh truyen en reader, no cho

phep tng tac vi cac thc the ben ngoai qua mach ieu khien, e truyen d lieu cua

no, nhan lenh va gi lai ap ng. Thanh phan giao dien nay cung co the xem la mot

phan cua mach ieu khien hoac la phng tien truyen gia mach ieu khien va cac thc

the ben ngoai. Thc the nay co nhng ac iem quan trong can xem no nh mot thanh

phan oc lap. Reader co the co mot giao dien tuan t. Giao dien tuan t la loai giao

dien pho bien nhat nhng cac reader the he sau se c phat trien giao dien mang

thanh mot tnh nang chuan. Cac reader phc tap co cac tnh nang nh t phat hien bang

chng trnh ng dung, co gan cac Web server cho phep reader nhan lenh va trnh bay

ket qua dung mot trnh duyet Web chuan.

Nguon nang lng

Thanh phan nay cung cap nguon nang lng cho cac thanh phan cua reader.Nguon nang lng c cung cap cho cac thanh phan nay qua mot day dan ien c

ket noi vi mot ngo ra ben ngoai thch hp.

Phan loai reader


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Reader c phan loai chu yeu theo tieu chuan la giao dien ma reader cung cap

cho viec truyen thong. Trong tieu chuan nay, reader co the c phan loai ra nh sau:

- Serial.

- Network.

Serial readerSerial reader s dung lien ket serial e truyen vi mot ng dung. Reader ket noi

en cong serial cua may tnh dung ket noi tuan t RS232 hoac RS485. Ca hai loai ket

noi nay eu co gii han tren ve chieu dai cap s dung ket noi reader vi may tnh.

Chuan RS485 cho phep cap dai hn chuan RS232.

u iem cua serial reader la co o tin cay cao hn network reader. V vay sdung reader loai nay c khuyen khch nham lam toi thieu s phu thuoc vao mot kenh

truyen.

Nhc iem cua serial reader la phu thuoc vao chieu dai toi a cua cap s dung

e ket noi mot reader vi mot may tnh. Them na, thng th tren mot may chu th so

cong serial b han che. Toc o truyen d lieu serial thng thap hn toc o truyen d

lieu mang. Nhng nhan to nay dan en chi ph bao dng cao hn va thi gian chet

ang ke.

Network readerNetwork reader ket noi vi may tnh s dung ca mang day va khong day. Thc

te, reader hoat ong nh thiet b mang.

u iem cua network reader la khong phu thuoc vao chieu dai toi a cua cap ket

noi reader vi may tnh. S dung t may chu hn so vi serial reader. Them na la phan

mem he thong cua reader co the c cap nhat t xa qua mang.Nhc iem cua network reader la viec truyen khong ang tin cay bang serial

reader.

C che truyen c ban gia the va reader


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Tuy thuoc vao loai the, viec truyen gia reader va the co the theo mot trong

nhng cach sau ay:

- Modulated backscatter.

- Kieu may phat (transmitter type).

Trc khi nghien cu sau vao loai truyen thong, ta phai hieu c khai niem

near field va far field.

Pham vi gia antenna cua reader va mot bc song cua song RF c phat bi

antenna c goi la near field. Pham vi ngoai bc song cua song RF a phat t

antenna cua reader c goi la far field. Cac he thong RFID thu ong hoat ong bang

tan LF va HF s dung viec truyen thong near field trong khi trong bang tan UHF vasong vi ba s dung far field. Cng o tn hieu trong truyen thong near field yeu i lap

phng khoang cach t antenna cua reader. Trong far field, no giam i bnh phng

khoang cach t antenna cua reader. Cho nen truyen thong far field c ket hp vi

pham vi oc dai hn truyen thong near field.

Hnh 1.15. C che truyen trng gan, trng xa gia the va reader


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Tiep theo so sanh viec oc the va ghi the. Viec ghi the mat nhieu thi gian hn

viec oc the trong cung

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TONG QUAN VE RFID