TOONLANAT THUANTHONG

THE SKELETAL SYSTEMTHE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Functions of The Skeletal system

• Support body weight• Enable movement• Protect vital organs• Point of attachment for muscles• Storage of minerals

Bones Classifications

By region

• Axial Skeleton• Skull• Vertebrae• Ribs• Sternum

• Appendicular Skeleton• Upper extremities• Lower extremities

Bones Classifications

• By shape

Harversian system

Compact boneCompact bone

Bone marrow• Red bone marrow

• Yellow bone marrow

– Fat cell

Microscopic Structure of Bone

Bone development or growth

• Intramembranous ossification– formation of cranial bones of the skull and the clavicles– An ossification center appears– Bone matrix is secreted within the fibrous membrane

Bone development or growth

• Endochondral ossification – Uses hyaline cartilage “bones” as models for

bone construction– Formation begins at the primary ossification

center

Bone repair

SKULL

Frontal Frontal

MandibleMandible

ParietalParietal

TemporalTemporal

Frontal Frontal

OccipitalOccipital

MandibleMandible

MandibleMandible

OccipitalOccipital

ParietalParietal

TemporalTemporal

TemporalTemporal

OccipitalOccipital

Fontanelle

-Anterior fontanelle จะปิ�ดสนิ�ทเมื่� ออายุ� 12-18 เด�อนิ

-Posterior fontanelle ปิ�ดเมื่� ออายุ�ปิระมื่าณ 2 เด�อนิ

Vertebral Column• 7 Cervical• 12 Thoracic• 5 Lumbar• 1 Sacrum• 1 Coccyx

Sacrum

Sternum

Ribs

• True ribs - 1 st - 7th ribs • False ribs - 8 th - 10th ribs • Floating ribs - 11th - 12th ribs

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpal bone

Pelvis

symphysis Pubis

Sex Determination

FemurFemurTibia

Fibula

Patella

joints

• Classification of joints– Fibrous joints

• Suture• Syndesmosis

– Cartilaginous joints • Synchondrosis• Symphysis

– Synovial joints • Gliding joint • Hinge joint • Pivot joint • Ellipsoidal joint/ condylar joint

Fibrous joints

Cartilaginous joints

Synovial joints

Humerus

Scapula

Foramen magnum

Mandible

Frontal bone

Carpal bone

Metacarpal bone

Sacrum

ClavicleClavicle

1

2

3

4

5