Top Science 3 - Activity Book With Answers

Top Science 3PRIMARYACTIVITY BOOK

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3three

CONTENTS

106

UNIT TOPICS

1 Your body4

The human body Your body moves

You grow and change

2 Our senses 10

Sight Hearing

Smell, taste and touch

3 Living things16

Nutrition Sensitivity

Reproduction

4 Vertebrate animals22

Mammals Reptiles and birds

Fish and amphibians

5 Invertebrate animals28

Invertebrate animals Insects

6 Machines34

Machines Simple and compound machines

7 Planet Earth40

The Earth, the Sun and the Moon The Earth and the Moon move

Maps and globes

8 Water46

The different states of water Water in nature

The water cycle

9 Air and weather52

Air Weather and climate

Weather and the seasons

10 Landscapes58

Inland landscapes Coastal landscapes

Rivers, lakes and reservoirs

11 Villages and cities64

Villages Cities

12 Jobs70

Crop farming Stockbreeding and fishing

Factory work

13 Work and services76

Services Trade

Transport and communications

14 Local government82

Local councils Municipal services

15Finding out about the past

88

The passing of time Memories from the past

The past and present of cities and villages

TERM ACTIVITIES 94 PROJECTS AND GAMES

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4 four

1UnitMatch the photograph to the part of the body. 1

forearm abdomen thigh

Circle the odd word out. 2

Point to and say the parts of the body in the photograph.

Say whether these body parts are part of the head, the trunk or the limbs.

faceHEAD

TRUNK

UPPER LIMBS

LOWER LIMBS

forehead abdomen chin

abdomen thorax forearm back

arms thighs forearms hands

thighs feet hands legs

Find and write the differences. 4

Label the organs. Complete the sentence. 3

Picture 1 - limbs, Picture 2 - limbs, Picture 3 - trunk

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5five

Peter

curly hair

Mark

straight hair

Find and write the differences. 4

Your are inside your body. They make your body function.

Label the organs. Complete the sentence. 3

MODEL ANSWER (M. A.)

brain

lungs

muscle

bone

organs

heart

kidney

stomach

intestines

glasses

large eyes

braces

tall

slim

green eyes

no glasses

small eyes

no braces

short

robust

brown eyes

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61

six

Solve the riddles about parts of the body. Then, number. 5

Write T (true) or F (false). 6

21

34

Bones can be long, short or flat.

The femur is a short bone.

The skull is a fixed joint.

Bones are not living things.

Bones can grow.

Moveable joints are found where the bones move in one direction.

I am inside your body. I am a living thing. I grow with you. B .

Bones join together here. J .

I hold moveable joints together. L .

I stretch and contract. I am attached to the bones inside your arm. M .

Label the muscles. Complete the sentences. 7

Complete the word puzzle. Find the missing word. 8

oneigament

uscleoint

3 1

24

T

T

T

F

F

T

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7seven 7

7

Label the muscles. Complete the sentences. 7

Complete the word puzzle. Find the missing word. 8

A B

Bones and muscles work together to move your body. Muscles are flexible.

When the muscle contracts, the arm bends at the elbow.

When the muscle contracts, the arm stretches.

The is made up of bones and supports the weight of the body.

15

2

3

8

6

4

T

K N E E

V

S

F

W

E

L

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

R

E

K

E

R

L

I

C

T

L

U

S

O

A

P

B

E T

I

R

U

M

I

B

G

E

E

L

R

T

W

M

S

R A

N

biceps triceps

biceps

triceps

skeleton

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81

eight

c. start

to

Permanent

grow

teeth

.

a. drink

Babies

mothers

their

milk

.

b. walk

learn

Babies

to

.

Look at the photographs of childhood. Unscramble and write sentences.9

Write A for adolescent or B for adult. 10

They grow very quickly.

They go out to work or look after the home.

They start to grow facial and body hair.

Their body is fully developed.

Their voice gets deeper.

Put the stages of Sarahs life in order. 11

Draw ways to identify your friend. 12

Babies drink their mothers milk

Babies learn to walk

Permanent teeth start to grow

A

A

A

B

B

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9nine

iris fingerprint

signatureteeth

Put the stages of Sarahs life in order. 11

Draw ways to identify your friend. 12

Exchange books. Your partner guesses who the friend is.

Sarahs muscles are weaker, but she still likes to do exercise.

1 Sarah learns to talk.

Sarah goes to work every day. She has got two children.

Sarah suddenly grows a lot and develops breasts.

Sarahs milk teeth start to fall out and permanent teeth start to grow.

5

4

3

2

OPEN ANSWER (O. A.) O. A.

O. A.O. A.

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10

2Unit

ten

sight smell hearing taste touch

Write the senses. Then, draw the sense organs on the picture. 1

Label the diagrams of the inner eye and the outer eye. 2

Match the sentence halves. 3

How does the girl see the bird? Unscramble and write sentences. 4

touch

L

I

P

C O P I

R E E

taste

hearing

sightsmell

ens etina

ris

upil

ornea ptic nerve upil ris

yelashes yelid

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11eleven

Match the sentence halves. 3

b. The pupil is a coloured ring.

a. Light enters the eye helps the eye focus.

d. through the cornea.The lens

c. The iris is captures the light.

the hole in the centre of the iris.e. The retina

How does the girl see the bird? Unscramble and write sentences. 4

.

a.

.

b.

.

c.

The eyesgirls a objectflying see

the opticsent nervethrough theto informationThis is brain

knows ita Herand birdbrain ais not bee

hearing

sight

The girls eyes see a flying object

This information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve

Her brain knows it is a bird and not a bee

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12 twelve

Complete the sentences about hearing.

When a guitar string it produces sound.

It sends through

the air. If the guitar is on your left, the sound reaches your

ear first.

The sound goes through the pinna and enters the

.

The vibrates when the sound reaches it.

The three make the sound louder.

The cochlea sends sound through the to the brain.

Put the sentences in order to describe how sound reaches the brain.

The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.

The brain interprets the information.

The sound captured by the ear is received by the cochlea.

Draw and label something that produces a pleasant sound and something that produces an irritating sound.

8

9

10

Label the diagram of the ear.

A P

B S

C C

D E

E E

F A

Classify the parts of the ear.

small bones

ear canal

cochlea

pinna

eardrum

Write about different ways you can take care of your ears.

5

6

7

2

Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear

B

A

C

D E F

mall bones

ochlea

ar canal

ardrum

uditory nerve

inna

ear canal small bones

M. A. You should keep your ears clean, dry your ears after having a shower or bath, visit

the doctor if you have an ear infection, use large headphones that cover the entire ear and

not listen to loud music. You should not use cotton buds.

cochlea

pinna eardrum

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13thirteen

Complete the sentences about hearing.

eardrum

sound waves

ear canal

left

auditory nerve

vibrates

small bones

When a guitar string it produces sound.

It sends through

the air. If the guitar is on your left, the sound reaches your

ear first.

The sound goes through the pinna and enters the

.

The vibrates when the sound reaches it.

The three make the sound louder.

The cochlea sends sound through the to the brain.

Put the sentences in order to describe how sound reaches the brain.

The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.

The brain interprets the information.

The sound captured by the ear is received by the cochlea.

Draw and label something that produces a pleasant sound and something that produces an irritating sound.

8

9

10

O. A. O. A.

2

3

1

vibrates

sound waves

left

ear canal

eardrum

small bones

auditory nerve

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14 fourteen

2

Read the sentences about the sense of smell. Write T (true) or F (false).

The sense organ of smell is in your nose.

We can distinguish five basic smells.

The nasal cavity has special smell receptors.

Odours enter the nose through the olfactory bulb.

The inside of the mouth and the nose are connected.

Taste and sight work together to distinguish different flavours.

Label the tongue. Use these words.

sweet

sour

bitter

umami

salty

Complete the sentences and draw your favourite food.

My favourite food is .

It has a flavour.

11

12

13

Find words related to touch. Then, use the words to complete the text.

The sense organ of touch is the skin . We distinguish different sensations

through our t r . Our f

and l are very s . The sense of touch allows

us to distinguish whether something is dry orw ,

hot or c , or hard or s .

Complete the table about the senses.

14

15

nasal cavity

nose

nostrils

O. A.

O. A.

O. A.

T

T

T

F

F

F

bitter

umami

sour

salty

sweet

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15fifteen

Find words related to touch. Then, use the words to complete the text.

S O F T I E M M G L W R F V

S E N S I T I V E I E S G Q

T O U C H R E C E P T O R S

X D C O L D I P S S O M F Y

E G Q T P P M S K I N V I L

Q B F I N G E R T I P S W P

The sense organ of touch is the skin . We distinguish different sensations

through our t r . Our f

and l are very s . The sense of touch allows

us to distinguish whether something is dry orw ,

hot or c , or hard or s .

Complete the table about the senses.

14

15

Sense Sense organ What does it do?

eye

taste

It captures smells.

touch

It captures sounds.

ouch eceptors ingertips

ips ensitive

et

old oft

sight

smell

hearing

tongue

skin

It allows us to see.

nose

ear

It captures flavours.

It distinguishes sensations.

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16 sixteen

Match the words to the photographs. Draw the missing animal.

Unscramble and write the sentences about photosynthesis.

.

.

.

Label the diagram of plant nutrition.

The green substance in leaves

is called .

3

4

5

Draw a path between the living things to the finish line. 1

Complete the sentences. Use these words.

nutrients

nutrition

energy

a. Living things need food for the process of .

b. Living things absorb from food to help them grow and be healthy.

c. Food gives us to run, jump, play and think.

2

3Unit

FINISH

HELICOPTER

It flies through the air.

SUNFLOWER

It produces its own food and needs sunlight.

WASP

It is small. It can sting you.

ROBOT

It can walk and talk.

SNAKE

It slithers along the ground.

SNOWMAN

It melts in the sunshine.

LION

It eats, runs and sleeps.

START

nutrition

nutrients

energy

sunlight

water/mineral salts

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seventeen 17

Match the words to the photographs. Draw the missing animal.

carnivore

herbivore

omnivore

Unscramble and write the sentences about photosynthesis.

the

sunlight

is

leaves

from

Energy

taken through

.

taken through

and

Water

are

roots

mineral

salts

the

.

taken from

leaves

air

dioxide

the

is

Carbon

the

through

.

Label the diagram of plant nutrition.

carbon dioxide

mineral salts

water

sunlight

The green substance in leaves

is called .

3

4

5

SNAKE

It slithers along the ground.

SNOWMAN

It melts in the sunshine.

LION

It eats, runs and sleeps.

a.

b.

c.

Energy from sunlight is taken through the leaves

Water and mineral salts are taken through the roots

Carbon dioxide is taken from the air through the leaves

sunlight

water/mineral saltsmineral salts/water chlorophyll

carbon dioxide

O. A.

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18 eighteen

Read the text. Then, draw the next picture.

Look at the bee. It wants to sting the girl because she is near the beehive. The bee flies closer to the girl. The girl can hear the bee. She turns around. She sees the bee. What happens next?

Look at the pictures. Complete the text about sensitivity. Use these words.

eyes

nose

living things

sense organs

muscles

nerves

ears

brain

Look at the panther. It is using its sense organs. It uses its to hear the

antelope. It uses its to smell the antelope. It uses its to see

the antelope. It wants to eat the antelope. The panthers sense organs send information

to the through the . The brain interprets the information. It

sends a message to the leg and the panther jumps.

All have sensitivity. People and animals use

, muscles and the nervous system to respond to the environment.

6

7

3

Complete the text and find the missing word.

Plants do not have a nervous system, but they do interact with their environment.

Their roots grow towards and their stems and grow

towards the . Some plants open their flowers during the and some

at . The leaves of some plants close if you them.

Some plants wrap themselves around other plants as they grow.

This life process is called s n v i y.

Look at the pictures. Describe how this plant interacts with the environment. Use these words.

Write animals and / or plants.

a. They make their own food.

b. They need water to live.

c. They eat living things.

d. They need sunlight to make food.

8

9

10

O. A.

ears

eyesnose

brain nerves

muscles

living things sense

organs

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19nineteen

Complete the text and find the missing word.

touch

leaves

light

day

water

night

Plants do not have a nervous system, but they do interact with their environment.

Their roots grow towards and their stems and grow

towards the . Some plants open their flowers during the and some

at . The leaves of some plants close if you them.

Some plants wrap themselves around other plants as they grow.

This life process is called s n v i y.

Look at the pictures. Describe how this plant interacts with the environment. Use these words.

sunlight

water

nutrients

Write animals and / or plants.

a. They make their own food.

b. They need water to live.

c. They eat living things.

d. They need sunlight to make food.

8

9

10

A B

plants

animals and plants

animals

plants

M. A. The roots of the plant grow

towards the water. They absorb

water and nutrients from the

soil. The stem grows towards the

sunlight. Sunlight is necessary

for photosynthesis.

w a t e r

l i g h t

n i g h t t o u c h

s i t i

d a y

l e a v e s

te

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20 twenty

Complete the sentences about the apple tree. Use these words.

13Find and circle the words about reproduction in animals.

male

female

mating

offspring

sexual

asexual

reproduction

O F F S P R I N G G T M

X E B S E V S A J D P A

M M S E P X P E N H X T

A A E N I L U C S A M I

L L N X R P I A F U A N

E E A S E X U A L B L G

R E P R O D U C T I O N

Use two of the words to complete the definitions.

a. reproduction: the male and female mate to produce offspring.

b. reproduction: animals do not mate to produce offspring.

Look at the animals and write V (viviparous) or O (oviparous). Then, complete the sentences.

The offspring of viviparous animals grow inside their mothers w .

The offspring of oviparous animals grow inside an e .

11

12

3

Lood at the pictures of plant reproduction. Write sexual or asexual.14

Sexual

Asexual

omb

gg

VO

V

O

O

V

V

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21twenty-one

Complete the sentences about the apple tree. Use these words.

seeds

germinate

apple tree

carpel

grows

13

The apple tree

flowers.

A new

grows.

The of the flower turns into an apple. The apple grows.

The apple has

inside.

The apples fall to the ground and

the seeds . They

grow small roots and a stem.

Lood at the pictures of plant reproduction. Write sexual or asexual.14

B CA

sexual asexual sexual

germinate

seeds

apple

tree

grows carpel

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22 twenty-two

Complete the sentences about marine mammals. Use these words.

Whales are marine mammals. They are vertebrates

because they have a made of bones.

They are because they are born from

their mothers . They drink their mothers

. They have skin.

They breathe through so they need

to get oxygen from the . This is why they come to the surface.

Finish and label the sketch of a bat. Then, answer the questions.

a. When do bats hunt?

b. Which sense organs do bats use to help them hunt?

c. How is a bat different from most other mammals?

3

4

Use the key to colour the vertebrates.

Key

mammal

reptile

amphibian

fish

bird

What am I? Solve the riddles and write the animal.

1

2

4Unit

Write another riddle about your favourite animal.

I breathe through lungs. My baby is called a calf. People make dairy products from my milk.

I am born from my mothers womb. I have fur. I like to play with you and go for walks. I live with people.

I cant walk when I am born. I live in my mothers pouch. When I am older, I hop on two legs. I live in Australia.

I am born on land. I spend a lot of time on the frozen sea in the Arctic. I have a lot of white fur to keep me warm.

a.

c.

b.

d.

O. A.

cow

kangaroo

dog

polar bear

fingers

bluegreen

green

red

red

redyellow

brown

brown

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23twenty-three

Complete the sentences about marine mammals. Use these words.

lungs

womb

bare

air

vertebrates

skeleton

viviparous

milk

Whales are marine mammals. They are vertebrates

because they have a made of bones.

They are because they are born from

their mothers . They drink their mothers

. They have skin.

They breathe through so they need

to get oxygen from the . This is why they come to the surface.

Finish and label the sketch of a bat. Then, answer the questions.

wing

arm

fingers

ears

eyes

thumb

a. When do bats hunt?

b. Which sense organs do bats use to help them hunt?

c. How is a bat different from most other mammals?

3

4

O. A.

skeleton

viviparous

womb

milk bare

lungs

air

Bats hunt at night.

They use their ears.

Bats are different from most other

mammals because they can fly.

thumb

arm ears

eyes

wing

fingers

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24 twenty-four

Read about reptiles and birds. Write All, Some, or None.

Solve the clues to complete the word puzzle. Find the mystery word.

D

I N C U B A T E

1. Birds sit on their eggs to them.2. are the parts of a birds body that it uses for flying. 3. Scientists study to find out about dinosaurs.4. Birds bodies are covered in .5. Reptiles have on their skin and birds have them on their legs. 6. Animals that are born from eggs are .7. Animals that eat other animals are .8. An is a very large bird with long legs that cannot fly.

Scientists think that birds are descended from .

8

9

Write similarities and differences.

Complete the sentences about reptiles. Then, match them to the photographs.

shell

slithers

oxygen

scutes

a. Its skin is protected by bony .

b. To move, it .

c. It is aquatic but breathes .

d. To protect its body, it has a hard .

Tick the animals that take care of their babies.

5

6

7

4

A

no fur

Human babyHuman baby

fur

Baby chimpanzee

eyes at front of face

big brain

scutes

slithers

oxygen

shell

eyes at front of face

big brain

C D B

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25twenty-five

Read about reptiles and birds. Write All, Some, or None.

Reptiles Birds

They breathe in oxygen through lungs.

They walk on legs.

They lay their eggs on land.

They are vertebrates.

They have two wings and feathers.

They incubate their eggs.

Their skin is covered with scales.

Solve the clues to complete the word puzzle. Find the mystery word.

D

I N C U B A T E

1. Birds sit on their eggs to them.2. are the parts of a birds body that it uses for flying. 3. Scientists study to find out about dinosaurs.4. Birds bodies are covered in .5. Reptiles have on their skin and birds have them on their legs. 6. Animals that are born from eggs are .7. Animals that eat other animals are .8. An is a very large bird with long legs that cannot fly.

Scientists think that birds are descended from .

8

9

1

2

5

3

8

4

6

7

dinosaurs

All

Some

All

All

None

Some

All

All

All

All

All

All

All

None

W I N G S

B O N E S

F E A T H E R S

O V I P A R O U S

C A R N I V O R E S

S C A L E S

O S T R I C H

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26 twenty-six

Mark the false sentences with a cross.

Young frogs grow from tadpoles.

Frogs take care of their babies.

Frogs can breathe through their skin.

Tadpoles breathe through gills.

Frogs can breathe through lungs.

Tadpoles do not have a tail.

Draw the missing stages of the life cycle of a frog.

FROGSPAWN TADPOLE TADPOLE WITH TADPOLE WITH YOUNG FROG BACK LEGS FOUR LEGS

Choose one of these animals and write sentences. Use some of these words.

13

14

15

4

Label the parts of the fish.

dorsal fins

gills

caudal fin

anal fin

pectoral fin

pelvic fin

Unscramble and write sentences about fish.

a. oxygen

through

breathe in

gills

Fish

their

.

b. to

fins

use

Fish

swim

their

.

Draw the missing stage of the life cycle of a fish. Then, describe each picture.

10

11

12

Eggs Baby fish Adult fish

O. A.

caudal fin

dorsal fins

gills

anal fin pectoral fin pelvic fin

Fish breathe in oxygen through their gills

Fish use their fins to swim

M. A. Eggs: Fish are oviparous animals. They lay many small eggs in water. These eggs

have no protective covering. Baby fish: Baby fish hatch from the eggs. The baby fish

grow into adult fish. Adult fish: Adult fish have bodies covered with shiny scales,

and they swim using their fins. They breathe using their gills.

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27 twenty-seven

Mark the false sentences with a cross.

Young frogs grow from tadpoles.

Frogs take care of their babies.

Frogs can breathe through their skin.

Tadpoles breathe through gills.

Frogs can breathe through lungs.

Tadpoles do not have a tail.

Draw the missing stages of the life cycle of a frog.

FROGSPAWN TADPOLE TADPOLE WITH TADPOLE WITH YOUNG FROG BACK LEGS FOUR LEGS

Choose one of these animals and write sentences. Use some of these words.

oviparous

viviparous

womb

egg

incubate

lungs

hatch

breathe

skin

13

14

15

A B C

O. A.

O. A.

O. A.

gills

pelvic fin

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28 twenty-eight

Label the photograph of the snail.

tentacles with eyes

flat foot for moving

head

tentacles for the sense of touch

hard, spiral shell for protection

Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences.

Snails are arthropods.

Snails eat plants.

Snails have soft bodies.

Snails have two feet.

Snails do not have shells.

Name a mollusc that does not have a shell.

Write sentences about spiders. Use these words.

Name two more arthropods.

3

4

5

What are jellyfish like? Unscramble the words and complete the text.

t e r s v t b n a e r e i

e a s

l f a o t

a e s t t e n c l

Jellyfish are . They live

in the but they are not

fish. They do not have fins.

They with the

sea currents and use propulsion

to move.

They have long that

can sting you!

Label the parts of the jellyfish. Write bell, tentacles and mouth.

Read the clues. Complete the crossword about worms.

ACROSS

1. The is a worm that can live inside the human body.

3. Some worms live in the .

DOWN

2. The bump that is part of the reproductive system is called a .

4. A worm has no skeleton; it is an .

5. Worms' bodies are not hard, they are .

6. Many worms live and make tunnels in the soil.

1

2

5Unit

I

U

C S

S

T

3

1

4

2

5

6

invertebrates

sea

float

tentacles

bell

mouth

tentacles

N

V

E

R

T

E

B

R

A

T

E

L

I

E

L

L

U

M

N

D

E

R

G

R

O

U

N

D

O

F

T

A

A P W M

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29twenty-nine

Label the photograph of the snail.

A tentacles with eyes

B flat foot for moving

C head

D tentacles for the sense of touch

E hard, spiral shell for protection


Snails are arthropods.

Snails eat plants.

Snails have soft bodies.

Snails have two feet.

Snails do not have shells.

Name a mollusc that does not have a shell.

Write sentences about spiders. Use these words.

legs

arthropod

spin webs

trap

catch

insect

eat

Name two more arthropods.

3

4

5

bell

mouth

tentacles

Snails are molluscs.

Snails have one foot.

Snails have a hard, spiral shell.

M. A. Spiders are arthropods. They have eight legs. Most

spiders spin webs to trap insects. They eat the insects that

they catch in their webs.

M. A. slug

M. A. centipedes, crabs

F

E

B

C D A

T

T

F

F

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 29 14/10/11 8:46

30 thirty

Complete the life cycle of a butterfly. Draw and write.

9

5

Circle the odd one out. Then, complete each sentence.

a. centipede crab spider octopus An is not an .

b. clam scallop worm snail A is not a .

Read and draw the animals.

a mollusc with a shell

a mollusc without a shell

an arthropod

Match the sentence halves. Use the information to label the diagram of an insect.

a. Insects bodies are divided into

six legs and four wings.

b. The head contains

three main parts.

c. The thorax contains

the organs.

d. The abdomen contains

the mouth, the eyes and two antennae.

6

7

8

A B C

O. A. O. A. O. A.

eye antennae

octopus arthropod

worm mollusc

thorax

head

abdomen

wings

legs

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31thirty-one

Complete the life cycle of a butterfly. Draw and write.

adult

oviparous

cocoon

caterpillar

9

Write the names of four other insects.

Butterflies lay eggs. They are

.

It covers itself in a

.

The offspring looks like a worm. It is called a

.

After many changes, it emerges as an

butterfly.

O. A.

O. A.

oviparous

adult caterpillar

cocoon

ants cockroaches

M. A.

beetles mosquitoes

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32 thirty-two

Complete the diagram. Use these words.

11

Colour the animals that can harm people. Tick the invertebrates.

Draw and label a sketch of your favourite insect. Write two sentences about your insect.

12

13

How is honey made? Match the photographs to the sentences. 10

5

After two to three weeks, the nectar is transformed into liquid honey.

The bees take the nectar to the beehive.

Other bees cover the honey with wax to preserve it.

1 The bee collects nectar from the flower.

A beekeeper collects the honey and wax.

Each bee puts the nectar in honeycomb cells.

1

4

2

5

3

6

4

2

6

5

3

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 32 14/10/11 8:46

33thirty-three

Complete the diagram. Use these words.

provide food

eat our clothes

eat dead plants

damage crops

sting

pollinate plants

make honey and silk

transmit diseases

11

Colour the animals that can harm people. Tick the invertebrates.

Draw and label a sketch of your favourite insect. Write two sentences about your insect.

12

13

HARMFUL INSECTS USEFUL

O. A.

O. A.

eat our clothes

sting

provide food

pollinate plants

damage crops

transmit diseases

eat dead plants

make honey and silk

colour

colour

colour

401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 33 14/10/11 8:46

34 thirty-four

6UnitLook at the classroom. Use the key to colour the machines.

Key

carry things

communicate

exert force

travel

Write the use of each machine. Use these words.

exerting force

carrying heavy objects

communicating

travelling

a. Shopping trolleys are used for .

b. Electric screwdrivers are used for .

c. Motorbikes are used for .

d. Computers are used for .

1

2

Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words.

a.

b.

c.

d.

A is used for .

A .

A .

A .

These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart.

Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences.

A dishwasher uses electricity .

A uses .

A uses .

Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source.

3

4

5

carrying heavy objects

yellow

yellow

red

redblue

green

exerting force

travelling

communicating

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 34 14/10/11 9:01

35 thirty-five

Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words.

a. helicopter train boat telephone

b. saw trolley cart wheelbarrow

c. hammer bicycle drill screwdriver

d. telephone computer television cart

A is used for .

A .

A .

A .

These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart.

Human energy Electricity

Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences.

A dishwasher uses electricity .

A uses .

A uses .

Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source.

3

4

5

vacuum cleaner

washing machine

broom

duster mop

dishwasher

green

human energymop

broom dishwasher

duster vacuum cleaner

mop washing machine

human energyduster

A television uses electricity.

saw is used for exerting force

communicating

bicycle is used for travelling

cart is used for carrying heavy objects

telephone

M. A.

M. A.

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 35 14/10/11 9:01

36

6

thirty-six

Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine.

Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle.

Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.

8

9

10

Use the key to colour the machines.

Key

human force

combustible fuel

wind

electricity

Look at the photographs. Match the machines to the descriptions and write the energy source.

Athletes use this to train before a race. It needs to be

plugged in. The energy source is .

In this sport you travel over water on a board, holding a sail. You have no motor.

The energy source is .

In this sport you use a machine to catch fish.


In this sport, drivers want to reach the finish line first.


6

7

A

B

C

D

electricity

wind

human force

combustible fuel

green

red

redblue

orange

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 36 21/10/11 8:26

37 thirty-seven

Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine.

Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle.

Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.

8

9

10

A B

O. A. O. A.

C

C

S

S

S

C

S

red

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 37 21/10/11 8:26

38 thirty-eight

6

Match the pictures to the simple machines and to their use.

lever To move heavy objects from a lower to a higher place.

ramp To lift heavy objects with abar.

pulley To move things from one place to another.

wheel To lift heavy objects with a wheel and a rope.

Write the simple machines.

a. A rope wrapped around a wheel.

b. A solid disk that turns on an axle.

c. A bar that rests on a pivot point.

d. An inclined plane.

Which simple machine could you use in each situation?

a. You need to collect water in a bucket from a well.

b. A horse needs to get into a horse box.

11

12

13

Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures.

There are compound machines in A and compound machines in B.


can be electric or gas. They produce movement.

are wheels with teeth that produce movement.

are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips.

have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through amachine.

Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above.

14

15

A

B

C

D

pulley

wheel

lever

ramp

pulley

ramp

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 38 14/10/11 9:01

39 thirty-nine

Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures.

There are compound machines in A and compound machines in B.


electric circuits

electronic circuits

motors

gears

can be electric or gas. They produce movement.

are wheels with teeth that produce movement.

are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips.

have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through amachine.

Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above.

14

15

A B

A CB D

3 1

B

D

A

C

Motors

Gears

Electronic circuits

Electric circuits

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 39 14/10/11 9:01

40 forty

Write the words under the correct photograph.

3Label the picture of planet Earth. Then, write the words next to the definitions.

continent

island

atmosphere

river

lake

a. Land surrounded by water.

b. A large area of land.

c. The layer of air that surrounds the Earth.

d. Water flowing from the mountains to the sea.

e. An area of water surrounded by land.

Is most of the Earth covered with land or with water?

Complete the text about the Sun. Use the words.

closer

life

star

heat

light

live

1

2

The Sun is the only in the Solar System. The Sun is like other stars

in the sky, but looks bigger because it is to Earth.

The Sun gives the Earth and .

Without the Sun, the Solar System would be dark and cold.

There would be no on Earth because

plants and animals need sunlight to and grow.

7Unit

Write Sun, Moon or Earth.

a. This star gives us the light and heat we need to live.

b. This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere.

c. The seas on this satellite do not contain any water.

Solve these riddles about the Moon.

4

5

atmosphere

continent

river

lake

island

continent

island

atmosphere

river

lake

water

star

closer

heat light

life

live

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 40 14/10/11 9:01

41forty-one

Write the words under the correct photograph.

light

star

light areas

seas

water

heat

dark areas

planet

crater

air

3

The light regions on a photograph of the Moon. They are high areas.

You could not breathe on the Moon because there is none of this.

On Earth they contain water, and on the Moon they do not.

These were formed when asteroids or comets hit the Moons surface.

The Moon does not have any light, but it looks bright because it reflects light from this star.

Write Sun, Moon or Earth.

a. This star gives us the light and heat we need to live.

b. This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere.

c. The seas on this satellite do not contain any water.

Solve these riddles about the Moon.

4

5

Sun Moon Earth

a.

d.

b.

e.

c. high regions air seas

Sun

light

star

heat

light areas

seas

dark areas

crater

seas

water

planet

air

Earth

Moon

craters Sun

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 41 14/10/11 9:01

42 forty-two

Label the Moon phases.

Why does the Moon seem to change shape?

Write T (true) or F (false).

A lunar month has 28 days. Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.

The Earth orbits the Moon. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright.

Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw.

Draw your school to the north.

Draw a supermarket to the east.

Draw a lake to the south.

Draw a park to the west.

10

11

12

Use the key to colour the Earth. Then, complete the sentence.

night day

It is dark. It is night. I am

at the Pole.

Match the sentences to the correct word.

a. The Earth takes 24 hours to turn all the way round.

b. The Earth orbits the Sun.

c. One complete orbit of the Sun takes 365 days.

ROTATION

d. It causes the four seasons.

e. The Earth spins on its tilted axis.

REVOLUTION

f. It causes day and night.

Label the diagrams. Write revolution or rotation.

Read the text about Earth revolution. Circle the correct words.

Earth revolution causes the four seasons. The Suns rays reach the Earth at an angle because the Earth rotates on a level / tilted axis. In winter the angle is bigger, which means there is more / less heat. In summer the rays reach Earth more directly. This means there is more / less heat.

6

7

8

9

7

South Pole

North Pole

A B

revolution rotation

North

black

yellow

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43forty-three

Label the Moon phases.

full moon

new moon

waxing moon

waning moon

Why does the Moon seem to change shape?

Write T (true) or F (false).

A lunar month has 28 days. Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.

The Earth orbits the Moon. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright.

Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw.

Draw your school to the north.

Draw a supermarket to the east.

Draw a lake to the south.

Draw a park to the west.

10

11

12

T F

F T

O. A.

full moon waxing moonwaning moon new moon

M. A. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright. However, we cannot

always see all of the bright side.

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 43 14/10/11 9:01

44 forty-four

Classify the continents and oceans.

Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.

15

16

What do we use artificial satellites for? Look at the pictures and write.

Label the Earth globe. Then, use the words to complete the sentences.

North Pole

South Pole

Equator

Northern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere

An Earth globe is the most accurate way to represent planet Earth. The

divides theEarth into two halves: the

and the . Thepoint on Earth that

is farthest North is the and the point

that isfarthest South is the .

13

14

7

A B C

For telecommunications.

Northern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere

North Pole

Equator

South Pole

Equator

Northern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere

North Pole

South Pole

To create maps and globes. For information about

the weather.

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 44 14/10/11 9:01

45forty-five

Classify the continents and oceans.

Indian America Atlantic Europe Pacific Asia

Africa Oceania Antarctic Arctic Antarctica

Continents Oceans

Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.

15

16

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN

289803U7p45_mundi oceanos

N

EW

S

AFRICA

OCEANIA

ANTARCTICA

North Pole

Equator

South Pole

Equator

America

Europe

Asia

Africa

Oceania

Antarctica

Indian

Atlantic

Pacific

Antarctic

Arctic

PACIFIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

ANTARCTIC OCEAN

AMERICA

ASIAEUROPE

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 45 14/10/11 9:01

46 forty-six

Write the state of the water under the photographs.1 Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place.

condensation

Write the different uses of water in the picture.

3

4

8Unit

ICE LIQUID WATER WATER VAPOUR

Match the words to the sentences. Then, complete the diagram.

melting

freezing

evaporation

condensation

a. When ice is heated and turns into liquid water.

b. When liquid water heats up and turns into water vapour.

c. When liquid water cools and turns into ice.

d. When water vapour cools and turns into liquid water.

2

A B C

solid gas liquid

melting

evaporation

freezing

condensation

melting

freezing

evaporation

condensation

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 46 14/10/11 9:01

47forty-seven

Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place.

Wet clothes drying in the sun.

When rain turns into ice.

When snow turns into water.

When the bathroom

mirror gets misty. condensation

Write the different uses of water in the picture.

3

4

A

B

C

D

evaporation

freezing

melting

M. A. A man is using water to have

a shower. The dog is using water for

drinking. The woman is using water

to water the plants. Water is being

used to water the crops on the farm.

The plants and crops need water

to live. Water is being used in the

factory. The man is using the water in

the river for fishing.

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 47 14/10/11 9:01

48 forty-eight

Complete the sentences.

There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is

also water beneath the surface.

This is called . Groundwater comes

from and . The water

goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces

between and below.

Here it collects and forms large deposits called .

People extract the water by building .

Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring.

In winter In spring

Where are the coldest areas on Earth?

8

9

Complete the table about salt water and fresh water.

Salt water Fresh water

Where is it found? seas and oceans

How much salt does it contain?

What is it used for?

Do we drink it?

Is it treated at desalination plants?

Match the sentence halves. Then, write the complete sentences.

a. Fresh water is found in very expensive.

b. There is very little salt in the seas and the oceans.

c. Most of the water on Earth is in fresh water.

d. Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants.

e. Desalted water is rivers and lakes.

How can we save water? Write three ways.

5

6

8

7

rivers, streams, lakes

a lot

no

industrial uses

yes

Fresh water is found in rivers and lakes.

There is very little salt in fresh water.

Most of the water on Earth is in the seas and the oceans.

Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants.

Desalted water is very expensive.

Have a shower instead of a bath.

Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth.

Only use the washing machine when you have a full load.

very little

yes

for drinking

no

M. A.

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49 forty-nine

Complete the sentences.

aquifers

snow

sand

groundwater

fresh

wells

rocks

rain

There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is

also water beneath the surface.

This is called . Groundwater comes

from and . The water

goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces

between and below.

Here it collects and forms large deposits called .

People extract the water by building .

Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring.

In winter In spring

Where are the coldest areas on Earth?

8

9

Winter Spring

fresh

groundwater

snow rain

rocks sand

aquifers

wells

, temperatures are low in

North Pole South Pole

mountain regions. Water becomes ice

and snow. Large pieces of ice called

icebergs float in the ocean.

, temperatures are warmer.

The snow and ice melt and turn into liquid

water again. Trees and plants grow. There

are flowers.

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50 fifty

8

Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle.

1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates.

2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets.

3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land.

4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers and goes into the seas and oceans.

5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.

12Put the sentences in order to describe how clouds are formed.

1 Water from the oceans, lakes and rivers heats up.

Water vapour cools down and condenses.

Condensed water turns into tiny water droplets.

Water vapour rises into the cold atmosphere.

Water evaporates to form water vapour.

Water droplets form clouds which move with the wind.

Label the diagram. Write evaporation, water vapourand condensation.

Complete the text. Use the words to complete the crossword.

When rain falls on the land, it forms streams . They flow into

r , which flow into the s and

o . Sometimes rainwater and snow sink deep into the

ground and form a . Water in w

and s comes from these.

10

11

O A

S I S

T

R

R E

A

M

W S

condensation

water vapour

evaporation

ivers eas

ceans

quifers ells

prings

4

3

5

6

2

C N

NP

E F

Q

A E

S

U

S I R

LE

E S

GR

V S

L

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51fifty-one

Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle.

1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates.

2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets.

3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land.

4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers and goes into the seas and oceans.

5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.

12

O. A.

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52 fifty-two

Compare the pictures. Circle the correct description.

Air has / doesnt have its own Air has / doesnt have shape or volume. weight.

Air has no colour or smell. It cannot be seen; it is .


The atmosphere is the layer of gases inside the Earth.

We could not breathe in the upper part of the atmosphere.

Rain and wind are produced in the lower part of the atmosphere.

The upper part of the atmosphere contains a lot of oxygen.

Where in the atmosphere would you see these things? Write upper part or lower part.

4

5

6

Use the key to colour the chart showing the composition of air.

Complete the sentences about the gases in air.

a. is the most abundant gas in air.

b. is the second most abundant gas in air.

c. is a very small part of air.

What is air used for? Write the numbers on the picture.

1 hearing 2 burning 3 flying 4 photosynthesis 5 breathing

1

2

3

9Unit

Key

= oxygen

= nitrogen

= carbon dioxide (and other gases)

100

Gases in air

% of each gas

0

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

4

1

3

2

3

5

4

532

orange

green

blue

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 52 14/10/11 9:01

fifty-three 53

Compare the pictures. Circle the correct description.

Air has / doesnt have its own Air has / doesnt have shape or volume. weight.

Air has no colour or smell. It cannot be seen; it is .


The atmosphere is the layer of gases inside the Earth.

We could not breathe in the upper part of the atmosphere.

Rain and wind are produced in the lower part of the atmosphere.

The upper part of the atmosphere contains a lot of oxygen.

Where in the atmosphere would you see these things? Write upper part or lower part.

4

5

6

A B

i

upper part lower part

The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.

The upper part of the atmosphere contains very little oxygen.

nvisible

F

T

T

F

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 53 14/10/11 9:01

54 fifty-four

Describe the climate where you live. Then, tick the correct answer.

a. In summer

b. In winter

The climate is mountain , coastal , continental .

Help the weather presenters on TV. Read the text and draw the symbols.

sunny cloudy windy rain hail snow

10

11

9

Match the sentence halves about weather.

a. Weather is

temperature, precipitation and wind.

b. Weather refers to different things, such as

the weather is hot.

c. When temperatures are low,

the weather is cold.

d. When temperatures are high,

the state of the atmosphere at aparticular place and time.

Look at the photographs and complete the sentences.

Complete the definitions for these types of wind. Use these words.

light

strong

extremely strong

cold

mild

cold

a. A gale is a wind. The temperature is .

b. A hurricane is an wind. The temperature is .

c. A breeze is a wind. The temperature is .

7

8

9

This is .

Water falls as frozen

snowflakes .

The temperature

is cold .

This is .

Water falls as

.

The temperature

is .

This is .

Water falls as

.

The temperature

is .

A B C

snow hail rain

liquidsmall

pieces of ice

cold hot or cold

strong cold

extremely strong cold or mild

light cold or mild

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 54 14/10/11 9:02

55 fifty-five

Describe the climate where you live. Then, tick the correct answer.

a. In summer

b. In winter

The climate is mountain , coastal , continental .

Help the weather presenters on TV. Read the text and draw the symbols.

sunny cloudy windy rain hail snow

10

11

And now the weather for today. In the south, it will be very

sunny. In the north it will be cloudy with light winds. In the east, it will be sunny

at first. Then it will become cloudy. In the west, there is rain that will get

heavier as the day progresses.

What a cold day it is today! In the north, it is very cold and we

predict snow in the mountains. In the south, it is cloudy. In the east, it is windy and very wet. There may be gales,

so stay inside! In the west, it is cold and there will be hail storms.

liquid

A B C D E F

BC

AB

D

AAA

B

ECD

F F

O. A.

O. A.

O. A.

401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 55 14/10/11 9:02

56 fifty-six

Complete the chart for your region.

Circle the correct answers. Then, label the photographs.

a. It measures temperature. anemometer / thermometer

b. It measures wind speed. thermometer / anemometer

c. It indicates wind direction. weather vane / pluviometer

d. It measures precipitation. pluviometer / weather vane

There is no water in the pluviometer. The thermometer shows a very high temperature. The anemometer is not moving. Which season is it? Explain.

Write your own description. Your partner guesses the season.

14

15

16

Read the descriptions and colour the leaves.

a deciduous tree in summer

a deciduous tree in autumn

Read the descriptions. Write the season.

a. It is the mildest season. It often rains but it is warm. The countryside changes

colour as pretty flowers and green grass start to grow. At the beginning

of the season, the days and nights are the same length. At the end, the days

are longer and the nights are shorter.

b. It is mild at the beginning but then gets colder. The countryside is pretty because

the leaves change colour. At the beginning of the season, the days and nights

are the same length. At the end, the nights are longer.

c. It is the coldest season and there is sometimes snow. At the beginning ofthe

season, the days are shorter and the nights are longer.

d. It is the hottest season. It doesnt rain very much and the countryside gets

dry. At the beginning of the season, the days are longer and the nights are

shorter. At the end, days and nights are the same length.

You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Write the season next to the date it starts.

21st December 21st March

21st June 21st September

12

13

9

brown or orangegreen

spring

autumn

winter

summer

winter spring

summer autumn

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57fifty-seven

Complete the chart for your region.

Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Temperature

Precipitation

Circle the correct answers. Then, label the photographs.

a. It measures temperature. anemometer / thermometer

b. It measures wind speed. thermometer / anemometer

c. It indicates wind direction. weather vane / pluviometer

d. It measures precipitation. pluviometer / weather vane

There is no water in the pluviometer. The thermometer shows a very high temperature. The anemometer is not moving. Which season is it? Explain.

Write your own description. Your partner guesses the season.

14

15

16

Read the descriptions and colour the leaves.

Read the descriptions. Write the season.

You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Write the season next to the date it starts.

21st December 21st March

21st June 21st September

O. A.

O. A.

O. A.

pluviometer anemometerthermometer

It is summer. It is dry. It is very hot and there is no wind.

weather vane

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58 fifty-eight

Look at the landscape. Tick the features you can see.

Find six features that change landscapes in the wordsearch. Label the photographs.

Are these features man-made or natural?

Are mountains and rivers man-made or natural features?

3

4

Look at the landscape. Write the features.

Draw and label a village and a road.

Draw the climbers at the foot of the mountain.

Write the correct definitions under the photographs.

The lowest part of the mountain.

The steep sides between the summit and the foot of the mountain.

The highest part of the mountain.

1

2

10Unit

Dibujo a lnea de un paisaje. No colorear. Hay una montaa, un ro, una planicie aluvial. Un pramo, y un valle. Dejar espacio para que los alumnos puedan dibujar un

pueblo, un embalse/un pantano, una colina y una carretera.

FootSummit Slopes

O. A.

O. A.

mountain

lake

river

valley

The highest part of the

mountain.

The steep sides between

the summit and the foot of

the mountain.

The lowest part of the

mountain.

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59fifty-nine

Look at the landscape. Tick the features you can see.

moor

flood plain

farm

road

river

valley

village

crops

mountain

small hill

Find six features that change landscapes in the wordsearch. Label the photographs.

K C T U N N E L

U H O U S E C E

F R W X C Y F Z

M O T O R W A Y

B R I D G E R X

J C R O P S M M

Are these features man-made or natural?

Are mountains and rivers man-made or natural features?

3

4

H

M C

B

T F

ouse

otorway

unnel arm

man-made features

natural features

rops

ridge

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60 sixty

Match the coastal landscape features to the definitions.

a. A group of islands.

b. A small gulf.

c. A large area of sea that bites into the land.

d. A large piece of land that sticks out into the sea.

e. A narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.

f. A strip of land that connects the mainland to a peninsula.

g. An area of land completely surrounded by water.

Use information from Activity 7 to write about what you can see in these coastal landscapes.

Where do you go on holiday? Draw and describe the landscape.

Is it inland or coastal? What features are there? Why is it popular with tourists?

7

8

9

Label the picture of a coastal landscape.

gulf

cape

cliffs

bay

archipelago

peninsula

island

isthmus

Match the words to the photographs.

cliffs

coastal plains

low land

high land

flat

rocky

sand

5

6

10

A

B

island

isthmus

bay

peninsula

gulfcape

archipelago

cliffs

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61sixty-one

Match the coastal landscape features to the definitions.

peninsula

archipelago

bay

island

gulf

isthmus

cape

a. A group of islands.

b. A small gulf.

c. A large area of sea that bites into the land.

d. A large piece of land that sticks out into the sea.

e. A narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.

f. A strip of land that connects the mainland to a peninsula.

g. An area of land completely surrounded by water.

Use information from Activity 7 to write about what you can see in these coastal landscapes.

Where do you go on holiday? Draw and describe the landscape.

Is it inland or coastal? What features are there? Why is it popular with tourists?

7

8

9

In A , there is

In B , there is

In C , there is

A B C

peninsula

cape

archipelago

bay

gulf

cape

peninsula

isthmus

island

an island and a bay.

an archipelago.

a peninsula and an isthmus.

O. A.

O. A.

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62 sixty-two

Match the words to the photographs. Then, answer the questions.

a. Name two plants or trees found on river banks.

b. Why is there a large variety of plants on river banks?

c. What are dams for?

d. Are reservoirs natural or man-made lakes?

e. What kind of water is found in a reservoir?

f. Name one use of water from a reservoir.

g. Is water in lakes still or flowing?

h. What is a small lake called?

Look at the photograph. Write about the features you can see in the landscape.

12

13

Use the diagram of the course of a river to complete the crossword.10

Write upper course, middle course or lower course.

a. Here the river is wide and flows slowly. It is near the mouth of the river.

b. This is near the source where the river is narrow. The river flows through the mountains. It flows very fast.

c. Here the river flows through the plains. It has a lot of water and flows slowly.

11

10

L

S M T

R S

Write upper course, middle course and lower course on the diagram.

2

5

3

4

1

6

2

3

1

6

5

4

upper course

upper course

middle course

middle course

lower course

lower course

R

I

B

U

T

A

R

Y

O

U

R

C

E

A

K

E

HE O U

E R V O R

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63sixty-three

Match the words to the photographs. Then, answer the questions.

lake

reservoir

river banks

a. Name two plants or trees found on river banks.

b. Why is there a large variety of plants on river banks?

c. What are dams for?

d. Are reservoirs natural or man-made lakes?

e. What kind of water is found in a reservoir?

f. Name one use of water from a reservoir.

g. Is water in lakes still or flowing?

h. What is a small lake called?

Look at the photograph. Write about the features you can see in the landscape.

12

13

A B C

M. A. poplar trees and reeds

The soil is very fertile.

To stop the flow of river water to create reservoirs.

man-made lakes

fresh water

M. A. drinking water

Water in lakes is still.

A small lake is called a pond.

M. A. In the picture I can see a beach, a bay,

mountains and the sea. There are lots of houses

and buildings on the coast. There is a lot of

vegetation.

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64 sixty-four

11UnitLook at the picture. Write about the characteristics of villages.

Houses:

Main square:

Streets:

Population:

Jobs:

Read the sentences about mountain villages. Circle the correct answers.

a. Mountain villages are built on mountain slopes or in valleys / in the suburbs.

b. Houses in mountain villages are different from / the same as those on the coast.

c. The walls are thin / thick to keep out the cold.

d. They have sloping / flat roofs so that the snow falls off.

e. The streets in mountain villages are steep and very wide / narrow.

Imagine you live in a mountain village.Draw your house.

1

2

Imagine you are on holiday in a coastal village. Write a postcard to your best friend,describing the village.

Draw and label two more sports which are typical of rural tourism.

Which is your favourite sport? Why?

3

4

O. A.

M. A.

The houses are low and only have one or two floors.

The important buildings, for example the church, are there.

They are short and narrow. They lead to the main square.

There are not many houses so the population is small.

There are farms so people work in farming.

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65sixty-five

Imagine you are on holiday in a coastal village. Write a postcard to your best friend,describing the village.

Draw and label two more sports which are typical of rural tourism.

Which is your favourite sport? Why?

3

4

horse riding

O. A.

O. A.

O. A.

O. A.

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66 sixty-six

Label the professions. Match them to the villages.

Use these words to write sentences about the two villages.

tourists

fertile

beaches

farms

fishing

flat

Village A

Village B

Circle the correct words about housing estates.

Housing estates are usually inside / outside village centres.

They are groups of houses that look very similar / different.

5

6

11

Read the text. Use the information to draw your own city.

The buildings in cities are very tall. Many of them have ten floors or more. As well as flats, the buildings contain offices, shops and banks. The streets are very long and wide, with lots of traffic. Many people travel around using public transport, including taxis and buses. There are lots of cars on the roads. The population of cities is very large, so there are a lot of services, such as universities, schools, hospitals, museums and sports centres.

Write the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city.

7

8

A

B

fisherman farmer

is a coastal village. There is high land. Fishing is important in this village, and

is a village on the plains. The land is flat and fertile, and there are farms.

many people who live here are fishermen. Tourists visit this village.

There are lots of houses and a castle. Tourists visit this village too.

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67sixty-seven

Read the text. Use the information to draw your own city.

The buildings in cities are very tall. Many of them have ten floors or more. As well as flats, the buildings contain offices, shops and banks. The streets are very long and wide, with lots of traffic. Many people travel around using public transport, including taxis and buses. There are lots of cars on the roads. The population of cities is very large, so there are a lot of services, such as universities, schools, hospitals, museums and sports centres.

Write the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city.

7

8

Advantages Disadvantages

Lots of services

farmer O. A.

Lots of jobs

Lots of things to do and see

Good public transport

More schools and hospitals

Lots of noise

Lots of pollution

Lots of traffic

Not much space

Very busy

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68 sixty-eight

Read and draw the missing symbols on the map. Write the square references. 12Match the parts of the city to the picture. Then, circle the correct words.

historic centre

modern district

suburbs

a. The historic centre has narrow / wide streets and the buildings are modern / historic.

b. The modern district has wide / narrow streets and the buildings are low / tall.

c. The suburbs contain shopping centres and industrial estates / churches and cathedrals.

Which part of the city do you go to?

a. You want to visit a cathedral.

b. You want to visit your friend who lives in a flat in a tall building.

c. You want to go to a shopping centre.

Look at the pictures. Write village or city.

9

10

11

11

A B C D E

historic centre

modern district

suburbs

village villagecity city city

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69sixty-nine

Read and draw the missing symbols on the map. Write the square references. 12

The university is in

square .

The sports centre is in

square .

The hospital is in

square .

The car park is in

square .

Every evening, we go to visit my grandad

in hospital. There is never any space in the hospital car park, so our Mum parks in the car park on Cambridge Street,

opposite the theatre.

I play basketball in the sports centre. My Dad takes me by car. It is in the city centre, next to the modern art museum.

I study at St. Marys University. It is in the

historic part of town, opposite the cathedral. I go with my

brother. We get there by bus.

I work in the hospital. It is on Kings Road, next to the big

supermarket. I go to work by car and park in the

hospital car park.

A

1

2

3

4

5

B C D E F

cathedral

hospital

car park

museum

sports centre

supermarket

theatre

university

CAM

BR

IDG

E S

TREE

T

CH

UR

CH

STR

EET

PA

RK

R

OA

D

HIG

H

S

TR

EE

T

M A RK E T

S TR E E

T

KINGS ROAD

B-2 F-2F-1 F-5

D

C

A

B

A

B

C

D

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70 seventy

Match the types of crops to the definitions. Write examples in the chart.

a. Food crops

Crop farmers grow plants to be transformed into other products in factories.

b. Industrial crops

Crop farmers grow plants for food.

Food crops Industrial crops

Match the sentence halves about cultivation. Then, label the pictures A E.

a. The farmer ploughs the plants with pesticides.

b. The farmer waters the seeds.

c. The farmer sows the crops when they are ripe.

d. The farmer sprays the fields to turn the soil.

e. The farmer harvests the soil and fertilises it.

What is organic farming?

1

2

Look at the photographs. Write dry crops or irrigation. Match them to the definitions.

Classify the crops.

How do tractors and greenhouses make work easier for farmers? Write sentences.

a.

b.

3

4

5

12Unit

vegetables

cereals

fruit

sugar beets

cotton

wheat

B A

ECD

M. A.

Farms that do not use any chemical products.

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71seventy-one

Look at the photographs. Write dry crops or irrigation. Match them to the definitions.

Classify the crops.

grapevines

vegetables

wheat

barley

rice

corn

oats

fruit

DRY FARMING IRRIGATION

How do tractors and greenhouses make work easier for farmers? Write sentences.

a.

b.

3

4

5

The method of growing crops in dry areas. They do not need a lot of water.

Watering plants with water from rivers or lakes, using irrigation channels orsprinklers.

A

B

irrigation

dry crops

grapevines

barley

vegetables

corn

wheat

oats

rice

fruit

Tractors help farmers save time and energy.

They are used for many things, including adding fertiliser.

Farmers grow crops in greenhouses. Greenhouses allow farmers to

control the amount of water, temperature and light.

M. A.

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72 seventy-two

Write coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing or fish farm.

a. Fishermen fish near the coast.

b. Boats have refrigerators to keep fish fresh.

c. Areas near the coast where fish farmers breed shellfish.

d. Fishermen fish a long way from the coast.

e. Fishermen use small fishing boats and nets.

f. Fishermen use big boats and modern machines.

Label the photographs underground mining and open mining. Use the words to complete the texts.

Miners extract minerals from .

These are large, open

on the land. The minerals are near

the of the Earth.

Miners work in underground mines when

are deep beneath

the Earth. They dig deep

below the surface of the Earth and use

to go up and down.

Circle four things that miners extract from beneath the ground.

8

9

10

12

Match the photographs to the livestock. Then, write examples of products they provide for us.

poultry

pigs

sheep

cattle

Name three jobs that stockbreeders use machines for.

Look at the photographs. Write I (intensive farming) or F (free-range farming).

6

7

A

B

C

D

meat

eggs

meat

skins

meat

skins

meat, milk

skins

feeding their animals, milking their animals, cleaning barns and pens

I

F

F

F

I

I

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73seventy-three

Write coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing or fish farm.

a. Fishermen fish near the coast.

b. Boats have refrigerators to keep fish fresh.

c. Areas near the coast where fish farmers breed shellfish.

d. Fishermen fish a long way from the coast.

e. Fishermen use small fishing boats and nets.

f. Fishermen use big boats and modern machines.

Label the photographs underground mining and open mining. Use the words to complete the texts.

holes

surface

quarries

Miners extract minerals from .

These are large, open

on the land. The minerals are near

the of the Earth.

tunnels

lifts

minerals

Miners work in underground mines when

are deep beneath

the Earth. They dig deep

below the surface of the Earth and use

to go up and down.

Circle four things that miners extract from beneath the ground.

gold

wheat

coal

stone

wood

silver

silk

cotton

8

9

10

A

B

coastal fishing

deep-sea fishing

fish farm

deep-sea fishing

coastal fishing

deep-sea fishing

quarries

holes

surface

minerals

tunnels

liftsunderground mining

open mining

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74 seventy-four

Match the raw materials to the manufactured products.

Which industry produces these products? Write P (primary), C (consumer) or T (technological).

a. steel c. jeans e. MP3 players

b. cars d. computers f. cement

Write one other thing produced by each industry.

Primary Technological

Consumer

Look at the photographs. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.

a. Smoke from factories can contaminate the water / air.

b. Lorries transport factory products to parks / markets.

c. Waste from factories can contaminate the water / products.

d. Industrial estates are usually outside / inside cities.

13

14

15

Circle the words related to forestry. Then, use these words to complete the sentences.

F is obtaining wood and looking after the natural resources in forests.

A l is a person who cuts down trees.

T is wood from trees that have been cut down. It is used in building and making furniture.

This wood is transported to a f where is it cut up.

Read the sentences about making jam. Match them to the pictures.

A Strawberries are collected from the field.

B Lorries transport the strawberries to the factory.

C The strawberries are made into jam.

D On the assembly line, factory workers check the jam jars.

E On the assembly line, the jam jars are put into boxes.

F The manufactured product is ready for the shops.

11

12

12

S T T F O C X L F Q

D P I D N M T Q A M

L U M B E R J A C K

U E B V W O V P T T

M H E Z E U O Z O C

F O R E S T R Y R I

K A R S J R B G Y X

C

E

F

B

A

D

orestry

umberjack

imber

actory

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75 seventy-five

Match the raw materials to the manufactured products.

Which industry produces these products? Write P (primary), C (consumer) or T (technological).

a. steel c. jeans e. MP3 players

b. cars d. computers f. cement

Write one other thing produced by each industry.

Primary Technological

Consumer

Look at the photographs. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.

a. Smoke from factories can contaminate the water / air.

b. Lorries transport factory products to parks / markets.

c. Waste from factories can contaminate the water / products.

d. Industrial estates are usually outside / inside cities.

13

14

15

P

C

C

T

T

P

M. A.

fabrics

shoes

mobile phones

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76 seventy-six

Write the jobs. Then, tick the people who work in services.

Write Public or Private.

a. services are provided by the government.

b. services are provided by individuals or private companies.

Circle the correct answers.

a. Chloe is a dentist. She provides a health / transport service. She has three dental surgeries, one in Madrid, one in San Sebastian and one in Barcelona. People pay to go to her clinic. She provides a public / private service.

b. Pauline works for the National History Museum in London. It is owned by the government. She provides a private / public service. She organises all the cultural activities related to the museum. She provides a sporting / cultural service.

c. Mariano is a receptionist in a hotel in London. He provides a private / public service. Hehelps the guests check in and makes sure they enjoy their holiday. He works incultural / tourism services.

1

2

3

Classify the jobs. Then, write one more job for each service.

Complete the text about tourism, recreational and health services. Then, use the key to circle the services.

My parents booked the holiday on the Internet, on the

travel agency website. We are staying

in a big . I like the Italian

Documents

Top Science 3 - Activity Book With Answers