Top Sciencie 6 Santi

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Introduction

Top Science 6 Teacher’s Resource Book provides a range of materials

designed to complement the Student’s Book and the Teacher’s Book.

These materials contribute to the flexible nature of Top Science: studentsin the same class can be given worksheets at different levels, or weaker

students can complete the tasks with stronger peers. Teachers with more

contact hours can make use of these photocopiable materials

as and when they need them.

There are three categories of worksheets: reinforcement, extension,

and assessment. Use them for revision purposes, for extension

practice, as progress tests, assessment, or for homework.

The worksheets can be photocopied and filed in a folder.

Reinforcement and extension worksheets

There are forty-eight reinforcement worksheets. These materials

constitute a flexible tool: they can be worked on after the relevant

section in the Student’s Book, before the Activities sections, or as extra

preparation for the unit assessment. The answer keys are provided.

There are fifteen double-page extension worksheets, one for each unit

of the Student’s Book. These worksheets can be used for fast

finishers or to extend class work. Depending on their level, students

can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Student’s

Book or other sources. The answer keys are provided.

34 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.

Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Complete the sentences.

A is . B is .

We use them to

The difference between A and B is

C is . D is .

We use them to

The difference between C and D is

E is . F is .

We use them to

The difference between E and F is

1

Remember

Technical advances have shaped society in areas such as work, transport, health,

communication and leisure.

Technical advances and society26

A

B

C

D

E

F


Name Date

EXTENSION

Read the text and answer the questions.

Mayan society

Where did the Mayans live?

Where did the rulers live?

How was their society organised?

What kind of work did most people do?

What did they build?

Who was their most important god?

What was their favourite sport?

1

The Mayan civilisation appeared about two

thousand years ago in the Yucatan peninsula

and the lowlands of present-day Mexico,

Guatemala and Honduras.

The Mayans lived in city-states governed

by a supreme chief who lived in Mayapan.

Their society was organised into four groups:

nobles, priests, peasants and slaves.

Most of the people worked in the fields.

They grew corn, cacao, beans, tomatoes,

pumpkins, spices and other plants.

The Mayans had an amazing knowledge

of astronomy and mathematics. For example,

they knew about the concept of zero, and used

two calendars: lunar and solar. They were

also great architects and sculptors.

Their pyramid temples, altars and stelae

(sculpted monuments) are especially famous.

The Mayans believed in many gods, but

the most important was the god of rain, as crop fertility depended on it.

Their favourite game was played with a ball. The object of the game was to pass the ball

through a stone hoop. There were two teams and the players were not allowed to touch

the ball with their hands.

The Mayan civilisation14


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Diagnostic tests

There are five double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed

at the start of the school year to give an indication of the student’s

basic level of Science and English. The answer keys are provided.

Individual results chart

The individual results chart indicates areas in which a student hasachieved acceptable competence and highlights areas which require

additional practice.

106 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011Richmond Publishing/Santillana Educación,S.L.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Name Date

107Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011Richmond Publishing /Santillana Educación,S.L.

3

Write the name of the two archipelagos that are part of Spain.

Label the main Spanish rivers on the map.

◾ Colour the rivers: red – Atlantic watershed, blue – Mediterranean watershed, green – Cantabrian

watershed.

Look at the map and answer the questions.

What climate is found in the shaded

area?

What are the temperatures like?

What is precipitation like?

What is the vegetation like?

3

4

5

Label the most important relief features on the map.

◾ Now, write the names of the oceans and seas in the correct place.

Complete the word map on Spanish coasts.

1

2

The relief of Spain3

SPANISH COASTS

Ceuta and Melilla

Andalusia

C

areasareas

Ceuta

Melilla

ATLAN TIC OCEA N

AT L A N T I C

O C E A N

0 140

Kilometres

Scale

M e d i t e r r a n e a n

S e a

C a n t a b r i a n S e a

S

E

N

W

E

N

W

S

i i

0 111

Kilometres

Scale

S

E

N

W

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ O C E A N

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

O C E A N

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

S e a

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S e a

112 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011Richmond Publishing /Santillana Educación,S.L. 113Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011Richmond Publishing/Santillana Educación,S.L.

INDIVIDUAL RESULTS CHART

Yes NR* Comments

Living things and the environment

Identify the parts of a cell.

Identify some of the characteristics

of living things.

Recognise the five levels of organisation.

Identify two types of plant reproduction.

Describe what an ecosystem is.

Identify environmental problems and

solutions.

Forces and movement

Recognise the effects of forces on

movement.

Identify the forces involved in various

types of movement.

Identify different types of simple

machines.

The relief of Spain

Identify the main relief features

of Spain.

Identify Spanish coasts.

Recognise the climates of Spain.

Name and locate the main rivers and

watersheds in Spain.

Interpret maps using conventional

symbols.

Yes NR* Comments

Population and the economy of Spain

Use some concepts related to

population and the economy.

Understand how population is

distributed in Spain.

Identify some of the main activities in

the three economic sectors in Spain

Describe the distribution of the Spanish

population by economic sector.

Analyse and interpret pie charts

Changes across time

Know the three ages of Prehistory and

their characteristics.

Name the people who inhabited the

Iberian Peninsula in antiquity.

Describe the Roman conquest of the

Iberian Peninsula and describe the

territorial organisation of Roman Spain.

Identify some of the main

characteristics of the Visigoth kingdom.

Identify essential facts of the Moorish

occupation of the peninsula during the

Middle Ages.

Identify the Christian kingdoms up to

1492.

Describe the differences between

Romanesque and Gothic buildings.

NP: Needs Needs reinforcement.

Name Date

Individual results chart


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Other resources

Top Science 6 Activity Book

The Activity Book is designed to provide further practice for both the

content and language objectives of the course and to encourage learner

autonomy. Each unit contains full-colour illustrations and diagrams, and

six to eight pages of graded activities.

A c t i v i t y

B o o k Top Science 6 PRIMARY

I I

I

I

_ .indd 1 11 11 1 :

At the end of the Activity Book,

there are two Let’s do it! and two

Read and do! pages per term.

In addition, there are instructions

for students to create and play a

board game, Ticket to travel, which

enables them to revise contentinteractively.

Unit test worksheets

All the unit tests have ten multiple-choice questions. These worksheets

test the basic concepts of the unit. These can be completed after the

unit assesment worksheets, or used as quick revision activities.

148 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011Richmond Publishing /Santillana Educación,S.L.

Name Date

Circle the correct option.

TEST 1Nutrition I

1. The systems involve d in nutrition are...

a. the digestive, respiratory, excretory

and circulatory systems.

b. the mouth, the stomach, the large

intestine and the small intestine.

c. blood and oxygen.

2. The nutrie nts necessary to grow and repair

our bodies are…

a. vitamins.

b. lipids.

c. proteins.

3. Helper glands produce…

a. food.

b. digestive juices.

c. gastric juices.

4. The proc ess in which nutrients pass from

the digestive tube to the blood is called…

a. digestion.

b. absorption.

c. eli mination of waste.

5. Fibre is a…

a. nutri ent from animal sources.

b. component of food from vegetable

sources.

c. component of proteins.

6. The first stage of the digestive process

is…

a. digestion.

b. nutrition.

c. absorption.

7. The elimination of waste is carried out

by the…

a. excretory system.

b. respiratory system.

c. digestive system.

8. Gastric juices are produced in the…

a. stomach.

b. oesophagus.

c. small intestine.

9. Fruit is rich in…

a. carbohydrates, proteins and fibre.

b. fibre , vitamins, minerals and

carbohydrates.

c. fats, proteins and vitamins.

10. The liver produces…

a. saliva.

b. pancreatic juice.

c. bile.

Top Science 6 Teacher's Resource

Book: Annex

Two worksheets, Nutrition

and Map of Europe, enable

students to apply basic science

and geography concepts.


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Digital resources

i-solutions

Top Science 6 offers 4 CDs designed to bring digital

resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials

for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,

hands-on experiments and computer work for students.

CD 1

Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank

• The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be

projected onto an interactive whiteboard or printed and

used as conventional flashcards. Each image offers the

option of listening to the audio and viewing the written

word.

• The digital posters can be printed when required.

• The Web bank includes some of the best, free web

links for teaching Science, Geography and History.

These links provide access to valuable resources

to help with lesson planning as well as ways to

personalise classes and cater to students’ need.

CD 2

Teacher’s Resource Book and Maps

This CD contains the digital version of the Teacher’s

Resource Book in PDF format. The worksheets can be

printed for individual use, or projected onto an interactive

whiteboard for group activities. In addition, this CD

provides blank and completed physical and political maps

of the world, Europe and Spain.

CD 3

i-book

The i-book provides the core course material of the

Teacher’s Book and the Student’s Book in interactive

format. It can be used in the classroom or for classplanning.

CD 4

Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Activities

There are five interactive activities per unit on this CD.

These can be used to help reinforce the main concepts

of each unit in a different and fun way.

Top Science 6PRIMARY

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• Digital Flashcards• Digital Posters• Web Bank

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Top Science 6PRIMARY C D 1

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Top Science 6PRIMARY C D 3

• i-book

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Contents

Worksheets

REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS

Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Unit assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Term assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Term tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Final assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Final test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

ANNEX

Nutrition worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Map of Europe worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Answer keys

REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS

Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Term assessments and tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189


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1 Nutrition and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 The digestive process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3 Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4 The circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5 Blood circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

6 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

7 The nervous system and movement . . . . . . . . 15

8 Internal co-ordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

9 Sexual characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

10 Sex cells and fertilisation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

11 Pregnancy and birth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

12 Health and illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

13 Health risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

14 Infectious diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

15 Treatment of illness and disease . . . . . . . . . . 23

16 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

17 Magnets and magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

18 Electrical circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

19 The proper ties of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

20 Heat and temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

21 Producing electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

22 Energy in our society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

23 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

24 Inside a machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

25 Operating parts and mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . 33

26 Technical advances and society . . . . . . . . . . . 34

27 The Earth and maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

28 Relief map of the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

29 Political map of the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

30 European coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

31 European climates and vegetation . . . . . . . . . 39

32 European rivers and lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

33 The population of Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

34 The European economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

35 The European Union today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

36 The institutions of the European Union . . . . . . 44

37 The achievements of the European Union . . . . 45

38 Prehistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

39 The Age of Antiquity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

40 The Middle Ages on the Iberian Peninsula. . . . 48

41 The discovery of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

42 The Spanish Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

43 The fragmentation of the Spanish Empire . . . 51

44 Society and culture in the Modern Age . . . . . . 52

45 The 19th century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

46 L ife in the 19th century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

47 From Primo de Rivera to Franco . . . . . . . . . . . 55

48 Transition and democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Reinforcement worksheets

ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88


9/1929Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.

Name Date

REINFORCEMENNutrition and health1

Remember Food contains the nutrients that our bodies need.

The main nutrients are:

– carbohydrates, which supply energy;

– fats or lipids, which also supply energy;

– proteins, which are necessary to grow and repair our bodies;

– vitamins and minerals, which are necessary for a healthy body.

The process of obtaining nutrients from food is called digestion.

Write one sentence with each group of words.

digestion – nutrients

energy – fats

Complete the text.

We need for all the activities we do. We obtain

it from and from .

are necessary to grow and repair our bodies. Fruits and vegetable

are good sources of and . This proces

of obtaining from food for our bodies to use is called

Match the foods to the nutrients.

1

2

3

A

C

B

D

Proteins Carbohydrates

Vitamins Fats


10/19210 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.

Name Date

REINFORCEMENT 2 The digestive process

RememberThe digestive process takes place in the digestive system. There are three stages:

Digestion. It begins in the mouth. The food is crushed, mixed with saliva and swallowed. Now,

it is called bolus. The bolus passes through the pharynx and the oesophagus into the

stomach. There, it is mixed with gastric juices to form chyme.

Absorption. This occurs in the small intestine. The nutrients pass into the blood.

Elimination of waste. The waste moves into the large intestine and is transformed into faeces.

Then the faeces are excreted through the anus.

Complete the word map.1

Answer the questions.

Where does absorption occur?

What are faeces? Where is waste transformed into faeces?

Complete the text.

The digestive process takes place in the . There are three stages

in the digestive process: , , and of waste.

2

3

The digestive process

has three stages:

In this stage,

In this stage,

In this stage,

Digestion



Name Date

REINFORCEMENRespiration3

Write the names of the organs. Explain their function during respiration.

Look at the illustrations and circle the correct words.

1

2

Remember Respiration is the process by which our body obtains oxygen from the air and expels carbon

dioxide. This process is carried out by the respiratory system.

The respiratory system consists of the air passageways and the lungs.

There are two breathing movements: inhalation and exhalation.

The boy is inhaling / exhaling .

The lungs expand / contract.

The boy is inhaling / exhaling .

The lungs expand / contract.

A B



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT


is a red liquid that transports , ,

and in our body.

The pumps blood around the body using the circulatory system.

carry blood from the heart to other .

connect to , which carry blood to the heart.

Label the illustration with these words.

heart

artery

capillaries

vein

Look at the illustration and answer.

◾ If you prick your finger, what would bleed more, an artery or a vein? Why?

1

2

3

RememberThe circulatory system is made up of:

Blood, which is a red liquid that reaches all the cells in our body and transports nutrients,

oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste.

Blood vessels, which circulate the blood. There are three types:

– arteries, which carry blood away from the heart to other organs;

– veins, which carry blood back to the heart;

– capillaries, which connect arteries to veins.

The heart, which pumps blood around the body.

The circulatory system4



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Match.

◾ Now, look at the illustration. What circuit is shown? Explain.

Cross out the errors. Then write the sentences correctly.

In systemic circulation, oxygenated blood returns to the lungs through the vena cava.

In pulmonary circulation, blood returns to the heart through the aorta.

1

2

RememberBlood moves through the circulatory system in a closed circuit. There are two circuits:

Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs. Blood

leaves the heart through the pulmonary arteries. The oxygenated blood returns to the heart

through the pulmonary veins.

Systemic circulation is the movement of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Blood leaves the heart through the aorta and returns to the heart through the vena cava.

Blood circulation5

Pulmonary circulation

between the heartand the rest of the body

Systemic circulation

between the heartand the lungs



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Draw the sense organ that we use to…

see

smell

hear

taste

Look at the illustrations. Explain the function of sensitivity in each case.

1

2

Remember Through sensitivity we respond to changes in the external environment.

The sense organs capture information. The brain receives the information through the nerves

and decides how to respond. Then, the muscles receive orders from the brain and make the

body move.

Sensitivity6



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember The nervous system is formed by the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous

system. The central nervous system has two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The

peripheral nervous system is formed by the nerves.

Voluntary movements are those that we choose to make consciously.

Reflex movements happen automatically, without a conscious order from the brain.

The nervous system and movement 7

Look at the illustrations of voluntary movement and complete the sentences.

1. The boy captures the information with his .

2. The carry the information to the .

3. The decides to kick the ball, and orders

the in the leg to contract.

4. The carry the information to the in the leg

5. The in the leg contract, and the

boy .

Look at the illustrations of a reflex movement and complete.

1. The girl captures the information through her sense of .

2. The carry the information.

3. The orders an immediate response.

4. The carry the information to the

in her arm.

5. The muscles contract and the girl .

Match.

Spinal cord Reflex movements

Brain

Voluntary movements

1

2

3



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Small muscles in our skin cause goose bumps when they contract. Are these muscles voluntary

or involuntary? Explain.

Name the glands in the endocrine system. What substance do endocrine glands produce?

Tick the processes which involve internal co-ordination.

Our temperature is kept constant. We run to get to class on time.

Saliva is produced when we look at food we like.


The nervous system uses the muscles and the system

to carry out internal co-ordination.

The endocrine system controls the functions of and .

If our muscles stopped working, the would stop beating,

our lungs would not be able to absorb and we would die.

1

2

3

4

Remember Internal co-ordination involves the nervous system, the involuntary muscles and the endocrine

system.

Many functions of our body are carried out by the involuntary muscles. They function

independently of our will, and we are not conscious of them and cannot control them.

The endocrine system is formed by the endocrine glands (pituitary gland, thyroid gland,

pancreas, ovaries and testicles). These glands produce hormones, which help control growth

and reproduction.

Internal co-ordination8



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember The male and female reproductive systems are the primary sexual characteristic.

They are formed by the genitals, which are the organs that carry out reproduction.

The female sex organs include the ovaries and uterus.

The male sex organs include the testicles and the penis.

Sexual characteristics9

Label the diagrams.

The reproductive system

Fallopian tube

vagina

vulva

uterus

ovary

The reproductive system

vas deferens

urethra

testicle

seminal vesicle

prostate

penis

scrotum

1



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Look at the illustration and answer.

Which part of the illustration represents the female sex cell?

What is the name of the female sex cell?

Which part represents the male sex cell?

What is the name of the male sex cell?

Match.

sperm

menstruation

ovule

semen

Order the stages in which an embryo develops. Write a number from 1 to 6.

a. Every 28 days, an ovule is released by an ovary.

b. The zygote divides many times to form an embryo.

c. Fertilisation results in a zygote.

d. The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus.

e. Fertilisation happens in the Fallopian tube.

f. The ovule travels down the Fallopian tube.

1

2

3

Remember The ovaries produce female sex cells called ovules.

The testicles produce male sex cells called spermatozoa or sperm cells.

Fertilisation occurs in the Fallopian tubes. Fertilisation is the union of an ovule and a sperm to

form a zygote. The zygote is the first cell of a new being. It divides many times to form an embryo.

Sex cells and fertilisation10

A B



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Pregnancy is the period between fertilisation and the birth of the baby.

Birth is the moment when the baby exits the mother’s body through the vagina.

Look at the illustration. Read the definition and write the correct word.

An elastic, hollow organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.

A type of tube that joins the embryo to the placenta.

It transports nutrients and oxygen.

A liquid that protects the embryo.

The name the embryo receives after about three months.

An organ formed in the uterus during pregnancy through which

the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen.

Match.

Dilation stage

The opening to the uterus gradually gets wider.

Afterbirth

The expulsion of the placenta takes place.

Expulsion stage The baby exits the mother’s body through the vagina.

1

2

Pregnancy and birth11

placentauterus

umbilical

cord

amniotic

fluid

fetus



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Define the words.

health

illness

"Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being." Explain what this sentence means

and give examples.

Complete the word map.

1

2

3

Remember Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being. When a person does not feel well

in one of these aspects, it can lead to illness.

Diseases can be classified as infectious or non-infectious according to their origin.

Health and illness12

Types of diseases

are classified by their origin.

how many people are affected.

how quickly they appear,

and how long they last.



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Alcohol, tobacco, drugs and traffic accidents are factors that present risks to our health.

Look at the illustration. Explain the possible effects of tobacco use.

Name two ways to avoid traffic accidents. Describe some of their consequences.

What is alcoholism? Explain the effects of alcohol abuse on a person’s health.

1

2

3

Health risks13

mouth, pharynxand larynx cancer

dental problem

oesophaguscancer

heartproblems

gastritisand ulcers

stroke

wrinklesand blotcheson the skin

respiratorydisease

lung cancer

prematurebabies



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Remember Infectious diseases can be caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoans or viruses.

Good levels of hygiene can prevent many infectious diseases.

What is an infectious disease? Describe four causes and explain ways to stop transmission.

Match the infectious agent to the disease it causes.

bacteria

athlete’s foot

fungi

malaria

virus

measles

protozoans

pneumonia

What is a contagious disease? Explain and give an example.

Should you drink water from a river or stream even if it looks clean? Think and answer.

1

2

3

4

Infectious diseases14



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Sometimes illness and disease can be treated with medicines such as vaccines and antibiotics.

Some cases require surgery or an organ transplant.

Name four ways to cure or prevent illness and disease.


are medicines that protect people from developing an infectious disease.

are medicines that are very effective in fighting bacterial infections.

Some illnesses or bone fractures cannot be cured with medicines. They require

or an .

Explain why people do not get measles if they have been vaccinated.

Name three organs that can be transplanted.

1

2

3

4

Treatment of illness and disease15



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT


There are electrical charges and electrical charges.

If two objects have the same charge, they . If one object is negatively charged

and the other is positively charged, they .

is produced when electrical charges move through material.

Electrical energy can be transformed into ,

and .

Look at the diagrams. Explain what force each shows.

Order the illustrations. Write 1 and 2. Then, explain why the pen attracts

the pieces of paper.

1

2

3

Remember Objects can have positive and negative electrical charges. Objects with the same charge

repel. Objects with a different charge attract.

Electrical current is the organised movement of electrical charge through material.

Electrical energy can be transformed into other forms of energy such as light, heat and

movement.

Electricity16

1 1

A

1 2

B

A

B



Name Date

REINFORCEMENMagnets and magnetism17

Remember Magnets attract objects made of iron, steel and other metals.

Magnetism is the property that causes magnets to attract metallic objects.

All magnets have two magnetic poles: north pole and south pole. Poles of the same type

repel. Opposite poles attract.

Electromagnets behave like magnets when they are connected to electricity.

Read and write the correct word.

An object which can attract other objects made of metal.

The two zones of a magnet.

The property of magnets to attract metal objects.

A device that works like a magnet when it is connected to electricity.

Write attract or repel. Then explain why.

The magnets will each other because

The magnets will each other because

Look and write electromagnet or magnetic band.

1

2

3

N S S N

N S N S

A B



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT


What happens in an electrical circuit?

What are the main elements in an electrical circuit?

What is the difference between a disposable battery and a rechargeable battery?

Label the componentsof this electrical circuit.

Look at these circuits. Tick the closed circuit.

◾ Explain what a closed circuit is. Refer to the diagram you ticked.

1

2

3

Remember An electrical circuit is formed by a generator, cables, light bulbs or electric motors, a switch

and other elements. It is a closed path through which electrical current can flow.

A generator is the part of the electrical circuit that produces electrical current. There are various

types: disposable batteries, rechargeable batteries, photovoltaic cells, alternators and dynamos.

Electrical circuits18



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Energy causes changes to occur around us. There are different types of energy: mechanical,

sound, light, thermal or heat, electrical, chemical and nuclear.

Properties of energy: Energy can be transferred, stored, transported and transformed.


Read the sentences. Write the type of energy each one describes.

It is transported through the electrical current of a circuit.

It is stored in substances such as combustibles, food or inside batteries.

It is possessed by objects due to their movement.

It is found in substances such as uranium.

It is transmitted in the form of heat.

It is transported by sound.

It uses light.

1

2

The properties of energy19

ENERGY

Types Properties



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Order the sentences. Write 1, 2 or 3. Then copy them in the correct order.

a. ...and which raises the temperature of objects.

b. Heat is a form of energy which...

c. ...can be transmitted through certain materials...

Why is mercury used in thermometers? Tick the correct answer.

Because when mercury is cooled, its volume expands and it rises up into the tube.

Because when mercury is warmed, its volume expands and it rises up into the tube.

◾ Explain the meaning of the words.

contraction

expansion

Will it be easier to remove a metal ring from your finger whenthe weather is cold or when it is hot? Think and answer.

1

2

3

Remember Heat is a form of energy which causes the temperature of objects to rise.

Heat causes objects to expand. Cold causes objects to contract.

When energy is transformed from one form to another, some energy is transformed into heat.

20 Heat and temperature



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Power plants produce electricity.

The different types of power plants are: hydroelectric, wind, thermal, nuclear, solar thermal

and solar photovoltaic.

Complete the sentences. Use the words.

turbines

electricity

generator

energy sources

The we use is produced in power plants.

Most power plants produce electrical current with a .

are used to turn generators or dynamos.

Power plants use different .

Look at the flow charts. Write the type of power plant.

Match.

1

2

3

21 Producing electricity

Mechanical energyfrom water

turnsa turbine

electricalcurrent

Chemical energy from

combustible fuel

turns

a turbine

electrical

current

Mechanical energy

from the wind

turns

a turbine

electrical

current

The Sun shines on photovoltaic

cells

electrical

current

produce electricity

Televisions

transport electricity

Power plants

use electricity

Power lines

Power plant



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Circle six energy sources. Then classify them as renewable or non-renewable.

H C O U B S P D M B

P C W F R Y D Y J H

E O O J O A E V L X

T A H D R K N R P V

R L Z Z O D W I N D

O C E R T N U S U O

L C H G W W N E Y M

E T S U N L I G H T

U D V N H N O Y K GM W O O D G D K K R

◾ Which of these energy sources are fossil fuels?

Complete the table.

Problem Description Solution

Depletion of fossil fuels

Radioactive waste

Global warming

Acid rain

1

2

Remember Most of the energy we use today comes from fossil fuels.

Using fossil fuels causes problems like depletion of resources, global warming and acid rain.

Nuclear energy creates radioactive waste which is dangerous for living things.

Energy in our society22

Renewable

Non-renewable



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Machines save us time and energy; they enable us to do work with precision; they make

it possible to do dangerous tasks; they can convert one type of energy into another.

There are mechanical machines, thermal machines, and machines for communication

and information management.

Look at the illustrations. Circle the machine that is not mechanical.

◾ Describe the machine you circled. What type is it? Why isn’t it mechanical?

Match.

thermal

a hammer

information management

a cooker

mechanical

a computer


1

2

3

Machines23

They are used to… They are used to…

Mechanical

They are used to…

Types of machines



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Read and write the name of each component.

It is the skeleton of the machine on which the other

components are built.

They transmit the movement of the motor to other partsof the machine.

They give us information about how the machine is functioning.

They enable a machine to receive information from the outside.

It directs the energy to the motor and other parts.

It produces the movement of the machine.

It protects the machine.

Label the parts of this machine.

1

2

Remember The basic parts of a machine are: the structure, the housing or cover, the motor, operating

parts and mechanisms, an electrical or electronic circuit, sensors and indicators or screens.

Inside a machine24



Name Date

REINFORCEMENOperating parts and mechanisms25

Remember Operating parts and mechanisms transmit movement or force from one part of a machine to

another.

Mechanisms are two or more operating parts that work together in a machine.

Gears are mechanisms that transmit movement. They fit together with teeth or cogs.

Circle seven types of operating parts. Then write the names.

Look at the gears. Circle the correct word.

The wheels will turn in the same / opposite direction.

The wheels will turn in the same / opposite direction.

The small wheel will turn faster / slower than the big wheel.

1

2

S A T U C R A N K J

N R W I B N Z A O V

E W R O U B A I L E

T A A X L E J W U S

E B C A H L I C X P

M L K E L T W R U R

A S I R O T I A L I

O C W H E E L O W N

L E V E R I K U G G

A

B

C



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT


A is . B is .

We use them to

The difference between A and B is

C is . D is .

We use them to

The difference between C and D is

E is . F is .

We use them to

The difference between E and F is

1

Remember Technical advances have shaped society in areas such as work, transport, health,

communication and leisure.

Technical advances and society26

A

B

C

D

E

F



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN27 The Earth and maps

Remember The Earth can be represented on a globe or a map. A world map represents the entire Earth.

The scale on a map shows the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual

distance on the Earth.

Geographic co-ordinates are a system of lines called parallels and meridians which enable us

to locate points on a map.

Measure and calculate the distances in kilometres.

From A Coruna to Zaragoza. From Seville to Valencia.

From Madrid to Badajoz. From Murcia to Malaga.

Look at points A, B and C on the globe. Complete the table.

Write North, South, East or West .

Latitude Longitude Hemisphere

A

B

C

1

2

P

O

R

T

U

G

A

L

F R A N C EC an t a b r i a n S e a

AT LANTI C

OCEAN

AT LA NT IC OC EA N

M e d i t

e r r a

n e a n

S e a

i i

A Coruña

Malaga

Badajoz

Seville

Madrid

Zaragoza

Murcia

Valencia

0 170

Kilometres

Scale

B

C

A



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Use the key and colour the map.1

Remember Relief maps show the oceans and continents on the Earth.

There are five oceans: the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific

Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean.

There are seven continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania

and Antarctica.

Relief map of the world28

◾ Write the names of the oceans in the correct place.

green North America pink Africa yellow Europe orange Oceania

light green South America brown Asia lavender Antarctica

0 1,800

Kilometres

Scale



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Political world maps show the size, location and borders of the countries on Earth.

Look at the map and use the key to colour the countries.

Red = A landlocked country in Europe that borders with Italy.

Green = The southernmost country in Africa.

Orange = A small island country in Oceania.

Purple = The biggest country in Asia.

Pink = The two largest countries in North America.

Yellow = A landlocked country in South America.

Dark blue = An island country in Europe.

◾ Write the names of the countries you have coloured. Use arrows if necessary.

1

Political map of the world29

0 2,100

Kilometres

Scale



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Look at the map. Write the number next to the landform.1

Remember Europe is a small continent in the northern hemisphere.

Europe borders on Asia to the east, and is surrounded by two oceans, the Atlantic to the west

and the Arctic to the north.

The coasts are very irregular, with many capes, gulfs and peninsulas.

European coasts30

Capes

North

Finisterre

St. Vincent

Matapan

1

2

10

20

11

17

18

19

12

13

21

24

25

2216

23

14

15

3

4

5

27

6

7

8

9

A R C T I C O C E A N

North

Sea

Black Sea

C a s p i a n S e a

M e d i t e r r a n e a

n

S e a

A

T

L

A

N

T I C

O

C E

A

N

Scale

0 392

Kilometres

Islands

Iceland

Ireland

Great Britain

Balearic Islands

Canary Islands

Corsica

Sicily

Sardinia

Cyprus

Malta

Crete

Peninsulas

Kola

Scandinavian

Jutland

Iberian

Italian

Balkan

Crimean

Gulfs

Bothnia

Bay of Biscay

Lion

Genoa



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember The three temperate climates are: oceanic, Mediterranean and continental.

The two cold climates are: polar and alpine or mountain.

The vegetation is different in each climate.

Write the name of the climate.

Temperatures are mild in summer. Precipitation is abundant and regular.

Temperatures are cool in summer and very low in winter. Precipitation

is abundant.

Temperatures are high in summer and mild in winter. In summer there

is very little rain.

Temperatures are high in summer and very low in winter. In summer

precipitation is higher.

It is extremely cold. Precipitation is scarce.

Look at the map. Write the letter that corresponds to the type of vegetation.

Steppes

Oceanic fores

Taiga

Mediterranean

vegetation

Tundra

1

2

European climates and vegetation31

M a r C a s p i o

ARCT IC OCEAN

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

North

Sea

Black Sea

Medit erranean Sea

C a s p

i a n S e a

A

E

C

B

D



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Complete the map with the names of the oceans and seas.

◾ Name the rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean.

◾ Name the rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea.

Which watershed has the largest lakes?

1

2

Remember There are five watersheds: the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Arctic, the Black Sea and the

Caspian Sea.

The largest European lakes are located in the north.

European rivers and lakes32

AF R I C A

A S I A

0 450

Kilometres

Scale

R . P

e c h o r a

R. N o r t h e

r n

D v i n a

R . W e s t e r n D v i n a

R . V i s t u

l a

R . O d e r

R . U

r a l

R. V o l g a

R .

V o l g

a

R . D n i e p e r

R . D an u b

e

R.

D n i e s t e r

R . D o n

R . P o R .

R h ô n e

R . E l b e

R . R h i n e R . S

e i n e

R . E

b r o R. Duer o

R . Gu

adal q u i v i r R .

G u a

diana

R. T a g u s

R. Loi r e

R . G

a r o n n e



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember Europe is highly populated.

The population is ageing because of a low birth rate and increasing life expectancy.

The active population and birth rate are growing because of immigration.

Correct the sentences and make them true.

In Europe the birth rate is very high: this means that few babies are born.

In Europe life expectancy is 74 years. Therefore, there are few elderly people.

Look at the map and do the activities.

Three countries with a population density of less than 10 inhabitants/km2.

Three countries with a population density from 10 to 100 inhabitants/km2.

1

2

The population of Europe33

POPULATION

DENSITY

Less than 10inhabitants/km2

From 10 to 100inhabitants/km2

From 101 to 500inhabitants/km2

More than 500inhabitants/km2

Scale

0 530

Kilometres

M e d i t e r r a n e a n

S e a

Baltic Sea

North

Sea

Black Sea

Caspian Sea

Norwegian

Sea

A R C T I C

OC E AN

A

T L

A N T

I C

O C

E A N

PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

ITALY

SWITZERLAND

BOSNIA &

HERZEGOVINA

CROATIA

ALBANIA

GREECE

MACEDONIA

BULGARIA

T U R K E Y

ROMANIA

HUNGARY

SLOVENIA

AUSTRIA

CZECHREPUBLIC

GERMANY

LUXEMBOURG

BELGIUM

NETHERLANDS

DENMARK

POLAND

RUSSIA

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

BELARUS

U K R A I N E

ESTONIA

R U S S I A

MOLDOVA

SERBIA

SLOVAKIA

KAZAKHSTAN

GEORGIA AZERBAIJAN

ARMENIA

FINLAND

SWEDEN

NORWAY

MONTENEGRO KOSOVO

UNITED

KINGDOMIRELAND

Canary Islands Ceuta

Melilla

ANDORRA

ICELAND

N



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Look at the pie chart and answer.

What economic sector employs the fewest people in Europe?

What economic sector employs the most people?

Write the economic activities in the correct column.

agriculture

capital goods industry

commerce

consumer goods industry

fishing

forestry

livestock farming

basic industry

tourism

transport

Primary Secondary Tertiary

1

2

Remember The primary sector employs 4 % of the active population of Europe. The main activities are

agriculture and livestock farming.

The secondary sector employs 30 %. The main industries are basic industry, capital goods

industry and consumer goods industry.

The tertiary sector employs 66 %. Activities include commerce, transport and tourism.

The European economy34

Secondarysector

30 % Primary sector4 %

Tertiary sector

66 %



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember The European Union (EU) is formed by twenty-seven democratic European states.

Write the names

of the member

countries of the

European Union.

1

The European Union today35

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

A R C T I C O C E A N

N o r t h

Sea

B lack Sea

Norweg i an

S ea

M ed i t e r r a n e a n S e a

Albania

Norway

Bosnia &Herzegovina

Croatia

Kosovo

Serbia

Switzerland

Belarus

Ukraine

Russia

Macedonia

Moldova

Montenegro

Iceland

A F R I C A

A S I A

Scale0 340

Kilometres

Countries of the EuropeanUnion

Other European countries



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT


Members:

Headquarters:

Functions:

Members:

Headquarters:

Functions:

Members:

Headquarters:

Functions:

Members:

Functions:

Functions:

1

Remember The main European Union institutions are: the European Parliament, the Council of the

European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors.

36 The institutions ofthe European Union

EUROPEANPARLIAMENT

COUNCIL OF THE

EUROPEAN UNION

EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

COURT

OF JUSTICE

COURT

OF AUDITORS



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember The European Union has adopted measures that bring European citizens together.

The single market is one of the greatest achievements of the European Union.

The EU started with six member states. By 2011, there were twenty-seven.

Twelve member states have used the euro since 2002.

The achievementsof the European Union

37

Tick the true sentences. Correct the sentences that are false.

a. Merchandise can circulate freely within the EU, but not citizens.

b. No more countries can join the EU.

c. All EU states must agree for a new state to join.

Give two examples of measures that promote European citizenship.

Circle the names of the twelve countries that have adopted the euro. Write them on the lines.

1

2

3

G P F M R G R E E C E L

P E O I R Q A K F I T U

U A R R N G G K T R S X

R P F M T L U R G E P E

J B A T A U A Y N L A M

U K R I O N G N R A I B

F R A N C E Y A D N N O

P B E L G I U M L D K U

N E T H E R L A N D S R

A U S T R I A X F I Q G



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT Prehistory38

Match. Then write the complete sentences.

In the Palaeolithic Age, people hunted, fished and gathered fruits and vegetables.

In the Neolithic Age,

people made objects from copper, bronze and iron.

In the Metal Ages,

people looked after their crops and livestock.

Complete the crossword.

Down

1. The first artists appeared in this Age.

3. The invention that ended Prehistory.

5. A material used to make containers

for cooking and storing food

in the Neolithic Ages.

Across

2. People used looms to make textiles

in this age.

4. The first metal used to make metal

objects.

6. A megalithic monument made with

long stones.

7. A person who has no permanent

home and moves from place to place.

1

2

Remember In the Palaeolithic Age, people were nomads.

In the Neolithic Age, people became sedentary. They built villages and became farmers.

In the Metal Ages, people learned to make objects from metal. Villages grew into cities.

1▾

2 ▸

3▾

5▾

4 ▸

6 ▸

7 ▸


47/192

Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

47Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.

RememberIn the Age of Antiquity:

The Celts and Iberians inhabited the Iberian Peninsula.

The Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians arrived from the Mediterranean and founded colonies.

The Romans began their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.

Who am I? Write Celt, Iberian, Phoenician, Greek or Carthaginian.

Complete. Use the words.

free men

Christianity

19

provinces

law

218

Latin

slaves

Euskera

The Roman conquest of the peninsula began in the year B.C. and ended in the

year B.C. The Romans divided Hispania into .

Roman was enforced throughout the peninsula. The official language

was . The only pre-Roman language that has survived to the present

is . In 380 A.D., the official religion became . Roman society

was divided into two classes: and .

1

2

The Age of Antiquity39

I arrived from North Africa looking for new territories to conquer.

I live on the Mediterranean coast.I arrived here before the Greeks.

I live in a tribe on the Atlanticcoast. I don’t trade much.

I live in Andalusia, and I trade a lot.

I live on the Catalan coast. I sell ceramicsand buy esparto to make things.



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Write True or False. Then, correct the false sentences.

The capital of the Visigoth kingdom was Cordoba.

The Moors defeated the Romans in 711.

At first, Al-Andalus was a caliphate.

Tick the correct answer. Then, write the complete sentence.

The first Christian kingdoms were created...

in the north of Spain. in the south of Spain.

In 1031, Al-Andalus was divided into...

Taifa Kingdoms. provinces.

In 1212, the armies of the Christian kings defeated the Moorish armies at the Battle of...

Navas de Tolosa. Granada.

The last territory of Al-Andalus was...

the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. the Nasrid kingdom of Cordoba.

1

2

Remember In 711, the Moors conquered the Visigoth kingdom and created Al-Andalus.

The Christians opposed the Moorish conquest. They created Christian kingdoms in the north.

The Middle Ageson the Iberian Peninsula

40



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN

Remember In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs financed Columbus’ expedition, which led to the discovery

of the Americas.

The Incas, the Aztecs and the Mayans lived in North and South America before the arrival

of Columbus.

Write the name or date.

A sailor from Genoa who discovered the American continent.

The Monarchs who financed this expedition.

The year America was discovered.

The destination Columbus was trying to reach.

The Italian navigator who proved America was a new continent.

What territories did Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro conquer?

Complete the sentences. The photos may help you.

The Mayans were excellent and

Pre-Columbian peoples were farmers, but they also made

and from pre-Columbian mines were sent to Spain

1

2

3

The discovery of America41


A B C D


50/192

Name Date

REINFORCEMENT


Read the text and look at the map.

The Spanish Empire had many

territories: Spain, the Netherlands,

part of Italy, territories in centralEurope, colonies in the Americas

and many possessions in

Africa and Asia. In 1580, the

kingdom of Portugal was added.

◾ Explain why this map

is not correct.

Write the events on the timeline.

1556 Felipe II became king.

1516 Carlos I became king.

1580 The Kingdom of Portugal

became a part of the

Spanish Empire.

1588 The Spanish Armada was defeated.

1571 The Battle of Lepanto.

1520 The revolt of the Communities.

1566 The Netherlands rose up against Spanish rule.

1

2

Remember In the 16th century, Carlos I and Felipe II ruled the largest empire that had ever existed.

It comprised territories in Europe, America, Africa and Asia.

The Spanish Empire42

PACIFIC

OCEAN

ATLANTIC

OCEANINDIAN

OCEAN

Spanish Empire


51/192

Name Date

REINFORCEMEN


Remember In the 17th century, the Spanish Empire became weak and began to break up.

In the 18th century, the Bourbons came to power and established an absolute monarchy.

Complete the crossword.1

The fragmentationof the Spanish Empire

43

1▾

3▾

4▾

2 ▸

5▾

6▾

7 ▸

8 ▸

9 ▸

Down

1. A battle in 1707 that was decisive in the

triumph of Felipe V.3. Friends and ministers that governed in the

king’s name.

4. A war between Castile and Aragon that was

an international war and a civil war.

5. Territory that gained independence from Spain

in 1648.

6. The first Bourbon king.

Across

2. Factories created by the Spanish kings in the

18

th

century.7. The city where a riot broke out in 1808.

It forced Carlos IV to abdicate.

8. A Spanish king who died without a successor

in 1700.

9. A type of monarchy in which the king controls

all the powers of state.



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Complete the illustration. Use the words.

clerics

nobility

farmers

middle class

◾ Describe the differences between the privileged and the underprivileged classes.

Match.

Saint Teresa de Jesus Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos

Francisco de Quevedo Lope de Vega

Garcilaso de la Vega Miguel de Cervantes

Write the style of architecture.

This style imitated Roman architecture.

This style had curved lines and rich ornamentation.

This style was austere with little decoration.

1

2

3

Remember Society in the Modern Age was divided into two groups. The privileged were the nobility and

the clergy. The unprivileged were the farmers and the middle class.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, literature, art and architecture developed rapidly.

In the 18th century, there were scientific advances.

Society and culturein the Modern Age

44

Unprivileged

Privileged

16th century

Spiritual works

Spain’s problems

17th century




Name Date

REINFORCEMENThe 19th century45

Remember Fernando VII established an absolute monarchy. During the reign of Isabel II, the

constitutional monarchy was consolidated. At the end of the century, different forms of

government were attempted.

Circle two errores in each sentence. Then write the sentences correctly.

In 1807, France and Spain signed a treaty that allowed Spanish troops to cross into France

to occupy Portugal.

Jose Bonaparte, Emperor of France, replaced King Fernando VII whith his brother Napoleon.

The population of Madrid did not accept the French king, and on 2nd May 1888, they rebelled

against the French. This was the beginning of the War of Succession.

Circle the correct word.

During the war of Independence...

the Liberals / Conservatives wanted to write a constitution and limit the power of the king.

the Nationalists / Francophiles wanted Fernando VII to return to the Spanish throne.

the Nationalists / Francophiles wanted a French king.

During the reign of Isabel II...

the Liberals / Conservatives wanted to increase the queen’s power and give less importance to the

Constitution.

the Liberals / Conservatives wanted to limit the queen’s power and give more importance to the

Constitution.

Write the year each event took place.

Constitution of Cadiz Independence of Argentina War of Independence

1

2

3




Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Look at the diagram. Match each word with a social class. Draw a line.

Write three sentences. Use the words.

revolution changes industrial 19th century

revolutionised railways transport

metal industries developed 19th century textile

This house was built in Barcelona by Antonio Gaudi.

Explain why it is a Modernist structure.

1

2

3

Remember In the 19th century, society was organised into social classes: the upper class, the middle

class and the lower class.

The Industrial Revolution brought many economic changes.

Modernist architecture and Impressionist painting flourished in this century.

Life in the 19th century46

factory owners

peasants

bankers

factory workers

doctors

servants

lawyers

engineers

nobles

beggars

rich merchants

Upper class

Middle class

Lower class

A

B

C



Name Date

REINFORCEMEN47 From Primo de Rivera to Franco

Remember In 1923, Primo de Rivera led a coup and established a dictatorship.

In 1931, the Second Republic was proclaimed.

In 1936, the Spanish Civil War began. When the war ended, in 1939, General Franco

established a dictatorship.

Order de events. Write a number from 1 to 5.

The dictatorship of

Primo de Rivera began.

The dictatorship of

General Franco began.

The Spanish Civil

War began.

The Second Republic

was proclaimed.

The dictatorship of

General Franco ended.

Write Second Republic or Dictatorship of General Franco.

Women got the right to vote:

Political parties were illegal:

There was no constitution:

Land was divided up among the peasants:

The first Statutes of Autonomy were declared:

Spain became internationally isolated:

Circle the errors in each sentence. Then write the sentences correctly. During the Civil War, the Nationalists supported the Republic.

The war ended in 1936 after General Franco’s coup.

Before the war, there was a dictatorship under Primo de Rivera.

1

2

3



Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Match.

Adolfo Suarez He became president in 2004.

Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo

He was president between 1996 and 2004.

Felipe Gonzalez

He was president between 1976 and 1981.

Jose Maria Aznar He was president between 1982 and 1996.

Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero He was president between 1981 and 1982.

Find the date of each event in the puzzle. Then write it to complete the sentence.

Juan Carlos I was crowned King of Spain:

The first democratic elections were held since the Second Republic:

The new Constitution was approved:

Spain joined the European Community:

The Statutes of Autonomy initiated in 1978 were approved:

Spain adopted the euro:

1

2

Remember The transition was the period in which policy changes moved Spain from the dictatorship

of General Franco towards democracy. This process began in 1975 and ended in 1982.

Since 1982, Spain has been governed by the Spanish Socialist Labour Party (PSOE)

and the Popular Party (PP).

Transition and democracy48

1 9 1 9 8 6

9 1 9 7 5 1

7 2 9 1 8 9

8 9 5 2 0 7

2 0 0 2 7 7


57/19257

Extension worksheets

1 Prepare a balanced diet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

2 The Rh factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

3 Different ways of seeing the world . . . . . . . . . 62

4 Ultrasound imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

5 Types of diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6 Sparks of invention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

7 Alternative energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

8 Watches are machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

9 Map projections .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

10 The most European river . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

11 Life expectancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

12 Europa, the Phoenician princess. . . . . . . . . . . 80

13 Roman gods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

14 The Mayan civilisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

15 The Enlightenment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97



Name Date

EXTENSIONPrepare a balanced diet 1

A healthy diet should be complete and balanced. This means we should eat

all types of food in appropriate quantities.

RECOMMENDED FOOD AND SERVINGS

Food

Girls BoysNumber

of servings13 to 15

years

13 to 15

years

Dairy ¼ L ¼ L 4 times a day

Meat, chicken 125 g 150 g 3 times a week

Fish 175 g 200 g 4 times a week

Eggs one one 3-4 times a week

Potatoes 200 g 250 g once a day

Legumes 70 g 80 g 3 times a week

Vegetables 100 g 120 g 2-4 times a day

Fruits 300 g 300 g 3-4 times a day

Bread 400 g 400 g once a day

Rice 70 g 80 g 2 times a week

Pasta 70 g 80 g 2 times a week

Sweets, pastries, soft drinks 60 g 60 g once a day

SOURCE: Healthy nutrition and prevention of eating disorders by Consuelo Lopez Nomdedeu.

SERVING SIZE EQUIVALENTS:

¼ L = one glass 125 g of bread = one portion

300 g of fruit = one large piece (orange, apple, peach…) 150 g of meat = one medium-sized portion

100 g of vegetables, rice, pasta = one medium-sized serving

Study the information above, and answer the questions.

What is this information for?

What type of food should you eat more of every day?

How many servings of milk and vegetables should you eat every day?

Why do you think you should not eat sweets more than once a day?

1



1

Complete the table. Make a list of all the food that you ate yesterday.

Give approximate amounts. Then answer the question below.

Breakfast Lunch Snack Dinner

◾ Do you eat more fish or less fish than is recommended? And sweets?

Read the advice, and prepare your own balanced diet for one day.

Breakfast is the most important meal of the day because you do more

physical activity in the morning.

Lunch and dinner should complement each other. If you have meat for lunch,you should have fish for dinner.

If you eat fried food, don’t forget to include the oil.

Breakfast Lunch Snack Dinner

2

3



Name Date

EXTENSIONThe Rh factor2

All human blood contains the same components: plasma, red

blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. However, there aredifferent blood types. The four main blood types or blood groups

are: A, B, AB and O. Your blood type depends on the type of

protein on the surface of your red blood cells.

Most people can only receive or donate blood to people who have

the same blood type. People with type O, however, are called

universal donors. Their blood can be given to almost anybody

without danger of rejection. Similarly, people with type AB blood

are called universal recipients.

They can receive blood

of any type.

Some red blood cells have

a protein on the surface called the Rh factor. A person whose blood

has this protein is Rh positive: Rh+. A person whose blood does

not have this factor is Rh negative: Rh–. If you are Rh-, you can

only receive Rh negative blood.

We inherit blood type from our parents in the same way that we

inherit eye or hair colour. Blood type can also vary depending on

the place of origin of a specific population. For example, almost

all indigenous people in Peru have type O blood. In central Asia,

type B is the most common.

Read the text and answer the questions.

What are the main components of blood?

What are the main blood types?

What is a universal donor ?

What is a universal recipient?

1




What is your blood type?

What is your Rh factor?

What blood types can you receive in a transfusion?

What blood groups can you give blood to?

Analyse the words. Match them to their definitions.

haematologist

haemopathy

haematoma

haemorrhage

haemoglobin

Any disease of the blood.

A doctor who specialises in the study of blood.

An escape of blood from blood vessels.

A swelling which contains blood

A protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.

What do you think the prefixes haemo- and haema- mean?

Research about blood banks. Answer the questions.

What is a blood bank?

Why is it important to donate blood?

2

3

4

5

2



Name Date

EXTENSION

Define the words.

cone

rod

ommatidia

1

Almost all animals have organs that enable them to capture light and perceive images

of the world around them. However, there are interesting and important differences betweenthese organs. All of them have two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina:

Cones enable animals to see in colours and with high-quality images, but they need light

to function.

Rods enable animals to see in low light, but images are low-quality.

Daylight vision animals, like human beings, have many more cones than rods. As a result, they see

worse in the dark than other animals, but image quality is good. Nocturnal animals, on the other hand,

have more rods than cones and also larger eyes. As a result they see better at night.

Pupil shape also varies widely. For example, human beings have round

pupils, while cats have vertical slits. Goats have horizontal slits so their

eyelids do not obstruct their vision. The most unusual pupil shape in theanimal kingdom are the W-shaped pupils of the cuttlefish.

Birds of prey have the sharpest vision of all animals.

The part of their brain responsible for interpreting visual

stimuli is very large. They have big pupils with many

rods and cones in the central part of the retina. As

a result, they can see very clearly at great distances.

Insects and many other invertebrates have compound

eyes that consist of many small eyes or facets called

ommatidia. Each ommatidium is a complete and

independent eye made up of a group of cells. Together, the ommatidiareceive a single image made up of separate bits of information. All these

bits are received by the nervous system, which then produces a single image.

Different ways of seeing the world3



3

Think and explain.

Owls are nocturnal creatures. Do they have more cones or rods in their retina? Why?

Eagles are one of the animals with the best vision in the animal kingdom.

What do they use their sharp vision for? What are their eyes like?

Match each type of eye to a living thing.

Use the key to decipher the secret message.

2

3

4

A 5 E 5 I 5 O 5 U 5

C RN DS SN

P

R

R

R

C

T

D

T L L

N N

P

T .

H

H

T R C S

A

1

C

3

B

2

D

4

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