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TRACECOMPONENT

REMOVAL

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What is trace component removal

TCR involve the removal of componentsfrom a stream by mean of distillationandor adsorptionabsorption for removin!trace amo"nt of component from either the!as or li#"id

The trace component nat"ral !as incl"de$

%yro!en& O'y!en& Radon (NORM)&

Arsenic& %eli"m& Merc"ry& and *TE+&etc,

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O'y!enWhy do -e remove o'y!en from the !as

stream

.ncrease in pipeline corrosion

/e!radation of process chemicals0 amine

The present of O1 may e'ceedstrin!entpipeline speci2cation

Possible abandonmentif not controlled& hencelead to -aste of val"able reso"rces

%o- do -e remove O1

There are several technolo!y co"ld be "tili3edto remove the 41

5"ch as catalyst& membranes& and scaven!ers

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Catalyst

6se to convert the o'y!en to inert !as& by meancontactin! o'y!en containin! nat"ral !as -ith e,!&nitric o'ide "nder conditions s"7cient to prod"cenitro!en dio'ide

Operate reliable economical8e'ible

The problem is the addition of inert !as& -hich co"ld

p"sh !as o"t of pipeline,Membrane

Ma9e "se of membrane separation "nit so as toseparate o'y!en from feed stream

Only permittin! a si3e molec"lar of methane to passthro"!h to 8o- to the stream -hile o'y!en is bloc9ed

and 8o- to the -aste stream prod"ce a 2rst prod"ct stream enriched -ithmethane

and a -aste stream havin! a hi!h molec"larconcentration of o'y!en than feed stream

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5caven!ers

Ma9e "se of noble metals& s"ch asplatin"mor palladi"mto converttheo'y!en to carbondio'ide and -ater

This o'y!en scaven!in! is cond"cted

after the removal of s"lf"r compo"ndsince most adsorbent for o'y!enremoval are poisoned by many s"lf"rcontainin! compo"nd

The operation is reliable ho-evercostcan be hi!h

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MERC6R:

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Varyin! level -orld-ide (4 to ;44

Lo- vapori3in! temperat"re (=> o? to @ o?) Amal!amate (alloy formation)

Reason of removal

Corrosion on do-n stream heat e'chan!er

Mechanical fail"re d"e to

Merc"ry vapor that corrode pipelines and valves, Catalyst poisin! problem in the process plant

Environmental poll"tion

%ealth eBect Mood chan!es

Memory loss

?ine sha9in!Tin!lin!

idney disease

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/etection method

Colorimetric analysis

Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry Amal!amation collection,

Conventional merc"ry removal

Adsorption on activated carbon React -ith s"lf"r to form merc"ric s"l2de

/ra-bac9 No commercial "se of prod"ced prod"ct

disposes can only by comb"stion,

Adsorption on s"lf"r impre!nated carbon ( chemiDsorption) Loss of merc"ry d"e to s"blimation and dissol"tion in hydrocarbon

Operators health problems

Amal!amation -ith val"able metal (silver) EBective removal and potential of re!eneration of silver

Not s"it -ith the presence of %15

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?actor aBectin! merc"ry removal e7ciency

Composition of !as

Presence of hi!her hydrocarbon

Operatin! temperat"re and press"re Activated carbon characteristic

Concentration of merc"ry vapor

Presence of -ater

as 8o- rate

Contact time

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*TE+

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/an!er

%"man carcino!en that promote le"9emia

Reprod"ction and development eBect eBect blood& 9idney and liver

Respiratory and cardiovasc"lar problems

d"e to eBect on central nervo"s systems .n !as processin!

Poll"te to-ard environments

Potential free3in! in cryo!enic "nits,

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Conventional removal .ncinerated at elevated temperat"re,

Prod"ce CO1

F444 G FH44 o?

Costly

sol"tion approach AdI"stment of plant operatin! conditions to minimi3e the #"antity of *TE+ in the

!lycol absorber oB !as,Temperat"re of rich amine

%i!h temperat"re lead to lo-er absorption,

Press"re of contactor col"mn

Circ"lation rate type of amine

Lo-er circ"lation rate& lo-er absorption

Amine concentration

Lo- concentration& lo- absorption

*"rnin! of the still of !ases before ventin! Condensation of the oB !ases and recovery of *TE+ as a li#"id

Adsorption of the *TE+ on a carbon adsorbent,

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6se of -ater

%i!h sol"bility of ben3ene in -ater

Ass"me *TE+ as p"rely ben3ene

%i!h 8o- rate of -ater needed (do"bled)

Need addition of adsorbent to separate *TE+ from -ater, Prior for recyclin! or re"se of -ater

Methane loss d"e methane sol"bility

Activated carbon

Readily available

Lo- cost

Replaced after 1 r"n cycle Lo- re!eneration ability

5ilica aero!el (adsorbent)

*ecome cheaper in prod"ction

%i!h pro'imity to-ard aromatic compo"nds,

Can be "se "p to F> cycles,

%ydrophobic (repel -ater)

Less adsorption to-ard methane

M"ch cost eBective -hen placed at the bac9 of the "nit

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%ydro!en G contain only in small concentration normallydo not ca"se problem

Radon ( NORM ) D Lo- concentration G not harmf"l

Arsenic G can s"ccessf"lly removed "sin! adsorptionprocess

%eli"m G very val"able prod"ct Lo- concentration (less than HJ)

/irectly recovered after !as processin! and f"rther p"ri2ed at otherprocessin! plant,