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TRACKING THE INVISIBLE:LEARNING WHERE THE OBJECT MIGHT BE
Helmut Grabner1,
Jiri Matas2,
Luc Van Gool1,3,
Philippe Cattin4
1ETH-Zurich,
2Czech Technical University, Prague,
3K.U. Leuven,
4University of Basel
Outline
1. Introduction 2. Learning the Motion Couplings 3. Practical Implementation 4. Experimental Results 5. Conclusion
Outline
1. Introduction
Introduction
Goal: Estimate the Position of an Object
Introduction
Many temporary, but potential very strong links exists
between a tracked object and parts of the images.
We discover the dynamic elements – called SUPPORTERS – that predict the position of the target.
[L. Cerman, J. Matas, J., V. Hlavac, Sputnik Tracker,SCIA, 2009]
[M. Yang, Y. Wu, G. Hua. Context-Aware Visual Tracking PAMI, 2009]
SUPPORTERS
1. Came with different strength. 2. Change over time.
SUPPORTERS help Tracking of objects which change
there appearance very quickly and occluded objects or object outside the image.
Tracking Carl
Given the position of the object of interest in the frame.
Local image features from the whole image are extracted (yellow points).
Image features: our implementation uses Harris points [5] and describe them by a SIFT inspired descriptor [10].
Local Image Features as Supporters
These image features are usually divided into object points and points belonging to the background.
Local Image Features as Supporters
Object points lie on the object surface and thus always have a strong correlation to the object motion (green points)
Local Image Features as Supporters
The object gets occluded or changed its appearance, the supporters can help infer its position.
Discovering the Supporters
Outline
2. Learning the Motion Couplings
Problem Formulation
We want to learn a model of P(x|I), predicting the position x of an object in the image I.
Implicit Shape Model - Features
After training from a large database of labeled images, the model can be used to detect objects from that object class in test images.
indicator functions P(f|I)
Implicit Shape Model – Object Displacement
Each feature subsequently casts probabilistic votes for possible object positions, where the hypothesis score is obtained as a sum over all votes.
P(x|f):votes for the object position x.
Implicit Shape Model
Implicit Shape Model
Implicit Shape Model
Model of Carl – Object Detection
Model of Supporters
Voting
Where μ is the mean and Σ is the covariance matrix.
Reliable Information & Motion Coupling
feature point x(i) = (x(i), y(i))
associated with a feature f(i)
and the position
x* = (x*, y*) of the target.
where parameter α ϵ [0, 1] determines the weighting of the past estimates.
The current image It and the object position Xt* is included using p(f|It), the indicator of feature f in the current image; and p(Xt*-Xt(i)|f), the current relative object position.
Implementation
angle Ф distance r covariance matrix Σ
Store all detected feature points in a database DB. The entries (d ,r ,Ф ,Σ ) store the descriptor and the estimated voting vector, encoded by radius, angle and covariance matrix.
Updates
Adjust the voting vector, the radius r and the relative angle Ф
Update the covariance matrix Σ
Outline
3. Practical Implementation
Algorithm : Determination of Position
Outline
4. Experimental Results
ETH-Cup: Supporters
[11] S. Stalder, H. Grabner, and L. V. Gool. Beyond semisupervised tracking: Tracking should be as simple as detection,but not simpler than recognition. In Proc. IEEE WS onOn-line Learning for Computer Vision, 2009.
Experimental Results
ETH-Cup: Improving Object Tracking
Recall:
TP/(TP+FN) Precision:
TP/(TP+FP)
Medical Application
(a) Manually labeled valve positions, (b-f) the found valve positions in 5 cardiac phases. As the confidence of the voting space was too low, in cardiac phase 16, the valve positions were interpolated (indicated by the dotted lines) from neighboring images.
Outline
5. Conclusion
Conclusion
SUPPORTERS help Tracking of objects which
1.Change there appearance very quickly. 2.Occluded objects or object outside the image.