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NASA/TM–2004-212825 Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli September 2004 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050186557 2020-06-01T07:49:12+00:00Z

Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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Page 1: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

NASA/TM–2004-212825

Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic ControlRussell A. Paielli

September 2004

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050186557 2020-06-01T07:49:12+00:00Z

Page 2: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role.

The NASA STI Program Office is operated by Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types:

• TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive data or theoreti-cal analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA’s counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers but has less stringent limita-tions on manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations.

• TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and bibliographies that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis.

• CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and techni-cal findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees.

The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile

• CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings spon-sored or cosponsored by NASA.

• SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, or historical information from NASA programs, projects, and missions, often concerned with subjects having substantial public interest.

• TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- language translations of foreign scientific and technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission.

Specialized services that complement the STI Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results . . . even providing videos.

For more information about the NASA STI Program Office, see the following:

• Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov

• E-mail your question via the Internet to [email protected]

• Fax your question to the NASA Access Help Desk at (301) 621-0134

• Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at (301) 621-0390

• Write to: NASA Access Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Page 3: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

NASA/TM–2004-212825

Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic ControlRussell A. PaielliAmes Research CenterMoffett Field, California

September 2004

National Aeronautics andSpace Administration

Ames Research CenterMoffett Field, California 94035-1000

Page 4: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

Available from:

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal RoadHanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161(301) 621-0390 (703) 487-4650

.

Page 5: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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Page 6: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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Page 8: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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Page 10: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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Page 11: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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fhW^X-U9²�j�[�eKk�m%[�bYlNfhk�b3fxpÅ´t�w²�mo_c`a��]�lxX%d��uXobGf�[�j9k�è£[GXo`cbYd×�Ý=×�j�ex[��ék�b�k�_afx`afx\YZYXn[�j k�]�[�\Yf7¸ÖÎ@� Ü�Ü�Üj�f0��s9WYX%exX�`cf�X%y3`cfhlfhW^X�U9Ù¨�K´ Ñ ³u�Cfh[�Ï�Ò=� Ü�Ü�Üzj�f0��`cbnk�eNk�bYZY[��u_aq�lxX%_aX%mofhX%Zns9`cbYZ�YX%_aZ���U9WYX�lx[�_a`cZu_a`cbYX¨eNXoiYeNXolNXobGfxl¢fhWYX¨]@XolNfhpP�Yf§i^k�eNk�]@[�_ck@�°k�bYZfhW^X;Z^k�lNWYXoZ7_a`cbYXol£eNXoiYeNXolNXobGf k�b-X%yGk��uiY_cXwX%exeN[�e�fh[�_aX%exk�bYmoXw[�j÷£Î�Ü�Ü�Ü�j�fnexX%_ak�fh`cv�X�fh[}fxWYX�iYk�eNk�]@[�_ck@�&U9WYX�m%[�bYlNfhk�bGfhp�´t��²lNXod��uX%b3fK`al�j�[�_c_a[Cs�XoZ�]Gq�k�lxW^[�eNf�mo[�bYlxfxk�bGfhpP��k�m�W�lNXod��uXobGf��b^[�f¤lNWY[Cs9b��h�¿s9WY`am�W�s�[�\Y_cZ�eNXo|G\Y`ceNX�`cfhl�[Cs9b�mo\^exv�X��Yf°�g»rb�u[�lNf�m%k�lNXolC�%fhWYX�k�`cexm%exk�j�f�lNWY[�\Y_cZK]@X�k�]Y_cX{fx[ « q¤fxWYX�lxi@Xom%`a�YX%Z´t��²�[�jwÎ�Õ�Þ}¡GbY[�fxlns9`cfhWY[�\Yfnk�_cfh`cfh\^ZYX�j�XoX%ZY]Yk�m�¡�[�e-fhWYeN[�fxpfh_cX��u[GZY\Y_ck�fx`a[�b���k�b^Z¯lxfxkCq&s9`cfhW^`ab¯fxWYX�lNi@Xomo`c�YX%Z¯k�_cfh`cfh\YZ^XeNk�bYd�X3� Ñ bY_cq�`cjzfhWYX�U9²�`alnlN\Y]YlNfhk�bGfh`ck�_c_aq&`ab�X%exeN[�e�s�[�\Y_cZfhW^X7k�`aeNmoeNk�j�f�bYXoX%Z�fh[�\YlNX7j�X%XoZY]^k�m�¡}[�j¨k�_afx`afx\YZYXG�¢k�b^Z�i�X%expWYk�iYl�k�_alN[ufhWYeN[�fxfh_cX��u[3Z^\Y_ak�fh`c[�b��^fh[�lNfhkCqs9`cfhWY`cb�fh[�_aX%exk�bYmoXG�²Y\Ym�WgXoeNeN[�etmo[�\^_aZg]�X£ZY\^X9fh[zXoeNex[�exl�`abus9`cbYZ��°fxWYeN\Ylxf°�Ck�bYZYç�[�es�Xo`cd�WGf0����_cfh`cfh\YZYX�j�XoX%ZY]Yk�m�¡¿�%k�bYZ�i@XoeNWYk�iYltfhW^ex[�fhfh_cX��g[GZY\^_ak�pfh`c[�bt�0mo[�\^_aZ¤]@X k�mofx`av°k�fxXoZ¤s9WYX%b�fhW^X k�_afx`afx\YZYX{Z^XovG`ak�fh`c[�b¤j�eN[��

×

Page 12: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

0 10 20 30 40 50along-track distance, nmi

10

15

20

25

30

35

altit

ude,

x10

00 f

t

TS outputbest-fit parabolaerror tolerances

Climb Altitude Profileaircraft type: B75C

constant CAS = 296 kn

fit error bounds: -189 / +289 ft

�/`ad�\YeNXàÒ@ó(²YqGbGfhW^XolN`a¥%XoZòk�_afx`afx\YZYXìiYex[��Y_cXàk�b^Zò]�X%lxfxp��^fiYk�exk�]�[�_ak�j�[�e£fhWYXzm%[�bYlNfhk�b3fxpÅ´t�w²-lNXod��gX%bGf [�j¦kgè�[GX%`abYd�×�Ý=×`cbm%_a`c�K]t�

fhW^X�exX%j�XoeNXobYm%X�eNXok�m�WYXolzkfhWYeNXolNWY[�_cZ�v0k�_a\^Xg[�jh�¿lNkCq3�¢¸ÖÜ�Ü�Ü7j�f0���_cfhX%exb^k�fh`cv�X%_aqG�¢k�b&�/��²�mo[�\Y_cZ*]@X�iYeN[�d�eNk��u�uXoZ&fh[}\YlNX�k�u[�eNXzexX%�YbYXoZmoeN`cfhXoeN`c[�b��U9WYX{mo\YeNv�X§�^f¦XoeNeN[�e¿]@[�\YbYZ^l�[�j3fxWYX{i^k�eNk�]@[�_ck�`cb��Yd�\YeNX¢Ò

k�eNX���¸ÖØ�Õwfh[� �Î�Ø�Õwj�f0�°j�[�e/kwfx[�fhk�_Gexk�bYd�X [�j^Ò=×�Øwj�f9��fhWYX£m%\Yexv�Xmo[�\Y_cZg]@X�[�Ð�lNXof¢fx[��uk�¡�X9fhWYX¨X%exeN[�e/]@[�\Yb^ZYl{lNqG�g�uX%fheN`amG�C]Y\YffhW^k�f�s k�l bY[�f{ZY[�bYX;WYXoeNX3�x�¦æ�`cfhWkKv�XoeNfh`cmok�_�X%exeN[�e§fx[�_cXoeNk�bYm%X[�jw÷£Î�Ü�Ü�Ünj�f0�¿fhWYk�fw�Yfzk�_a_c[Cs9lwks�[�eNlxfxp�m%k�lNX¤k�_cfh`cfh\YZYXuZYX%vG`ak�pfh`c[�bt�^eNXo_ck�fx`av�XKfx[-fhW^X�U9²�[�\Yfhi^\Yf0�@[�j�¸�Ø�Õ��}Î�Ü�Ü�Ü�����¸�Ø=¸�¸fh[�Î�Ü�Ü�Ü���Î�Ø�Õ��� ¤¸�×�¸�¸����0�Ys9W^`am�W}`cl¤iYex[�]Yk�]^_aq�lN\Yªumo`cXobGf0�Í�[Cs�Xov�XoeC�Y`cj{fxWYXgXoeNex[�ewfx[�_cXoeNk�bYm%XKs�XoeNXKfh`cd�WGfxXoeC�^lNkCq�÷�¸�Ü�Ü�Üj�f0�^fhW^k�f¨|G\Yk�ZYexk�fh`cm¤�Yf�s�[�\^_aZ�[�b^_aq_aX%kCv�Xzkns�[�eNlxfxp�m%k�lNXwk�_afx`apfh\^ZYX�Z^XovG`ak�fh`c[�b�[�j��£Ø@¸�¸;fh[� ¤×�¸�¸;j�f°�@s9WY`cm�W��u`ad�W3fwbY[�f;]@Xmo[�bYlN`aZYX%exX%Z�lx\^ªgm%`aX%bGf0�t»rbnfxWYk�f�mok�lxXG��fxWYXwlNXod��uXobGf§mo[�\Y_cZ-]@XZY`cvG`aZYX%Zn`cb3fx[Kfrs�[�[�e��u[�eNX¨lNXod��uX%b3fxl°��[�e k�mo\^]Y`am;[�e |G\Yk�eNfh`cmi@[�_cq3b^[��u`ak�_Ymo[�\Y_cZg]@X¨\YlNXoZuj�[�e§k¤]�X%fhfxXoe{�^f0���^[�e¢fhWY`cl{X%y3k��upiY_cX3��k�mo\^]Y`am�i�[�_aqGbY[��g`ck�_�d�`cv�X%l§�Yf§X%exeN[�e¢]@[�\Yb^ZYl [�j���¸�×�Øzfx[ �Õ�Ò-j�fu��Î@×�Î-j�fweNk�bYd�X3�x�Yk�bYZ�kn|G\Yk�exfx`am�d�`cv�Xol���¸�Ü�Î�fh[� �Þ�Øj�f��h¸�×�Ü�j�fueNk�bYd�X3�x��©¢[�_aqGbY[��u`ak�_al�[�j��^j�fhW*[�eNZYXoe�[�euWY`cd�WYX%emo[�\Y_cZ�W^kCv�XubG\Y�uXoeN`am%k�_§iYeN[�]^_aX%�gl¤k�bYZ�lNWY[�\Y_cZ}]�X-kCv�[�`cZYX%Z��]Y\Yf£i@[�_cqGbY[��u`ck�_cl [�j�j�[�\YeNfhW-[�eNZYXoe�[�e�_aX%lxl£lNWY[�\^_aZnb^[�f�lx\YÐ@Xoej�eN[���lx`cd�b^`a�Ym%k�bGf§bG\Y�uXoeN`cmok�_@eN[�\YbYZ^[�Ð-X%exeN[�eNl§`cj�kKm%[�bYlN`clxfxXobGfbG\Y�uXoeN`am%k�_£iYeNXom%`alN`a[�b�[�j�Þ�Ò�]Y`cfhln`clu\YlxX%Z&`cb*]�[�fhW*d�eN[�\YbYZ^p]Yk�lxX%Z7k�bYZ�k�`cex]@[�eNbYX;mo[��uiY\^fhXoeNlC�»rb�fhWYX�mok�lxX§[�jYXob^d�`cbYX{iYeN[�]^_aX%�gltfhW^k�ftiYexX%v�X%b3f¦mo_c`a��]Y`ab^d

k�fzk�bY[�ex�uk�_/eNk�fxX3�=fxWYXuk�`cexm%exk�j�fwlNWY[�\^_aZ�bY[�fx`aj�q�fhWYXud�ex[�\YbYZ`c�g�uX%ZY`ak�fhX%_aq�[�j§fhW^XgX%yGi�X%mofhX%Z�b^[�bYpPmo[�bYj�[�eN�uk�bYm%X3��k�bYZ�fhW^Xd�eN[�\^bYZ�s9`a_c_�fxWYXob�exX%ex[�\YfhX�k�bGq�k�Ð@Xom%fhX%Z¯k�`cexm%exk�j�f0�!æ�WYX%beN[�\Yfx`abYd�\Yb^ZYXoe�mo_c`a��]Y`ab^d�k�`cexm%exk�j�f0�wiYeNXomok�\Yfh`c[�b^l�mo[�\^_aZâ]@Xfhk�¡�X%b�fh[��u`ab^`a�u`c¥oX�fhWYX�m�WYk�bYmoX7[�j¨k�mo[�b « `cmofu`cb�fhW^Xm%k�lNX[�jtXob^d�`cbYX¤j�k�`c_a\^exXG�/�^[�e9XoyGk��uiY_cX3�Gfxexk��hXom%fh[�eN`cXol£mo[�\Y_aZ�]@X¤ZYXopfhX%ex�u`cbYXoZ�j�[�eKk�_a_ _aX%v�Xo_cl�[�j�X%bYd�`cbYXni@[Cs�Xoe�j�eN[���j�\Y_c_{i@[Cs X%eZY[Cs9bfh[�[�bYXzXobYd�`abYX¤[�\Yf0�3k�bYZ�fhWY[�lxXzfxexk��hXomofx[�eN`aX%l£mo[�\^_aZ�]@XkCv�[�`aZ^XoZ���U9WYX�_c[Cs X%e§k�_cfh`cfh\^ZYX�fx[�_cXoeNk�bYm%X3�Cs9W^`am�Wns9`c_c_^]@X�ZY`clxp

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8time, minutes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

dist

ance

, nm

i

TS outputbest-fit parabolaerror tolerances

Along-Track Position During Climbaircraft type: B75C

constant CAS = 296 kn

fit error bounds: -0.05 / +0.07 nmi

�/`ad�\YeNX�Ý@óz²YqGbGfhW^XolN`a¥%XoZ}k�_c[�bYd�p�fxexk�m�¡�i�[�lx`cfh`c[�b}k�bYZ�]�X%lxfxp��^fiYk�exk�]�[�_ak�j�[�e£fhWYXzm%[�bYlNfhk�b3fxpÅ´t�w²-lNXod��gX%bGf [�j¦kgè�[GX%`abYd�×�Ý=×`cbm%_a`c�K]t�

mo\^lxlNXoZ_ak�fhX%e°�3m%[�\Y_cZ�]�X¤\YlNXoZj�[�e9fxWY`cl¨iY\YeNi�[�lxXG��/`cd�\YeNXuÝlNWY[Cs9lzfhW^X�k�_c[�bYd�p�fxexk�m�¡7i@[�lN`afx`a[�b�k�lxlN[Gmo`ck�fxXoZ

s9`cfhW¯fxWYX�m%_a`c�K]¯[�j¤�Yd�\^exX�Ò=�âU9WYX�]@XolNfhpP�Yf7iYk�eNk�]@[�_ck��Yfhls9`cfhWXoeNex[�e{]@[�\YbYZ^l�[�j��£Ü � Ü�Ý�fh[! �Ü@� Ü@רbY�u`¬�3s9WY`cm�W-`cl£mo_c[�lNXXob^[�\Yd�W�j�[�e-k�_a_wiYeNk�mofx`am%k�_¨i^\Yexi@[�lNXolC�!U9WYX�X%yGk��uiY_cX�XoeNex[�efh[�_aX%exk�bYmoX%l¤exX%iYeNXolNXobGfhX%Z�]Gq�fhWYX-ZYk�lNWYXoZ}_c`ab^XolKlNfhk�exf¤[�\Yf�k�f÷£Î�b^�g`zk�bYZ�d�ex[Csë_c`abYX%k�eN_aq�s9`cfhW$fh`c�gX�k�fk�eNk�fxX�[�j�Ü@� ÝbY�u`cç��u`abufx[n÷£Þ¤bY�u`Yk�f¢Ø¤�u`cb�j�ex[��ÚfhWYX�lxfxk�eNft[�j�fxWYX¨m%_a`c�K]���/`cd�\YeNX-Þ�lxWY[Cs9lgfhW^X7k�_afx`afx\YZYXiYex[��Y_cX-lNq3bGfxWYXolN`a¥%XoZ�]Gq

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s9`cfhW�fhW^XnZYXolNmoX%bGf¤[�j��Yd�\YeNXuÞ@�nU9WYX�]�X%lxfxp��^f�iYk�eNk�]@[�_ck��Yfhls9`cfhWXoeNex[�e{]@[�\YbYZ^l�[�j��£Ü � Ü�Þ�fh[! �Ü@� Ü�Þ�bY�u`¬�3s9WY`cm�W-`cl£mo_c[�lNXXob^[�\Yd�W�j�[�e-k�_a_wiYeNk�mofx`am%k�_¨i^\Yexi@[�lNXolC�!U9WYX�X%yGk��uiY_cX�XoeNex[�e

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Page 13: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

0 10 20 30 40 50 60along-track distance, nmi

10

15

20

25

30

altit

ude,

x10

00 f

t

TS outputbest-fit parabolaerror tolerances

Descent Altitude Profileaircraft type: B727

constant CAS = 280 kn

fit error bounds: -53 / +116 ft

�/`ad�\YeNXàÞ@ó(²YqGbGfhW^XolN`a¥%XoZòk�_afx`afx\YZYXìiYex[��Y_cXàk�b^Zò]�X%lxfxp��^fiYk�exk�]�[�_ak�j�[�e£fhWYXzm%[�bYlNfhk�b3fxpÅ´t�w²-lNXod��gX%bGf [�j¦kgè�[GX%`abYd�×�Î=×`cbZ^XolNmoXobGf°�

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10time, minutes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

posi

tion,

nm

i

TS outputbest-fit parabolaerror tolerances

Along-Track Position during Descentaircraft type: B727

constant CAS = 280 kn

fit error bounds: -0.06 / +0.06 nmi

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fh[�_aX%exk�bYmoX%l¤exX%iYeNXolNXobGfhX%Z�]Gq�fhWYX-ZYk�lNWYXoZ}_c`ab^XolKlNfhk�exf¤[�\Yf�k�f÷£ÞnbY�u`�k�bYZ�m%[�bGfheNk�m%f9_a`cbYX%k�eN_aqs9`afxW�fh`c�uX�k�fwkneNk�fhXK[�j/Ü@� ÝbY�u`cç��u`abfh[ulN_a`cd�WGfx_aq�_cXolNl9fhWYk�b�÷£ÎgbY�u`�k�f�Õu�u`abj�ex[���fhW^XlNfhk�eNf¨[�j¢ZYXolNmoX%b3f°��´t_c`a��]Y`ab^dnk�`cexm%exk�j�f¨\YlN\Yk�_c_cq7[�bY_aqbYX%XoZ�fx[mo[�bGfheN[�_@k�`cexlNi�X%XoZ7\Ylx`cbYdufhW^X;X%_aX%v°k�fh[�ez��s9`afxW�fhWYeN[�fxfh_cX;�^y3X%Z��h�Í�[Cs�Xov�XoeC�@ZYXolNmoX%bYZY`cbYd�k�eNex`cv°k�_clwb^XoXoZ}fx[m%[�bGfheN[�_¢]@[�fxW�k�_afx`apfh\^ZYXwk�bYZniYeNXom%`alNX¨fx`a�uX;[�j�k�exeN`av°k�_Yk�f�fhWYXw�uXofhX%e �^y¿��lN[KfxWYXoqbYX%XoZnfx`ad�W3fxXoe�mo[�b3fxex[�_^\YlN`cbYd�bY[�f [�bY_aqgfhW^XwX%_aX%v0k�fh[�e{]Y\Yf�i@[�lNplN`a]Y_cqnk�_alN[ufhWYX¤fxWYex[�fhfx_aX¤[�e�lNi@XoXoZ�]YeNk�¡�X3�U9WYX�i�[�_aqGbY[��g`ck�_Kk�iYiYeN[CyG`a�uk�fh`c[�bYl�ZY`clNmo\YlNlxX%Zâ`ab�fxWY`al

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Page 14: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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Page 21: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

toleranceslevel altitude

climb altitude tolerances

altitude limit

transition tolerance

assigned altitude

altit

ude

along−track position

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Page 22: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

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Page 29: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett
Page 30: Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control€¦ · Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control Russell A. Paielli Ames Research Center Moffett

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188

1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)

22-09-20042. REPORT TYPE

Technical Memorandum 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Trajectory Specification for High-Capacity Air Traffic Control5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S)

Russell A. Paielli

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035-1000

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D. C. 20546-0001

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

A-0412440

10. SPONSORING/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)

NASA

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Point of Contact: Russell A. Paielli, Ames Research Center, M.S. 210-10, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassified — Unlimited Distribution: Nonstandard Subject Category 03, 04 Availability: NASA CASI (301) 621-0390

19b. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON

Russell A. Paielli

14. ABSTRACT

In the current air traffic management system, the fundamental limitation on airspace capacity is the cognitive ability of human air traffic controllers to maintain safe separation with high reliability. The doubling or tripling of airspace capacity that will be needed over the next couple of decades will require that tactical separation be at least partially automated. Standardized conflict-free four-dimensional trajectory assignment will be needed to accomplish that objective. A trajectory specification format based on the Extensible Markup Language is proposed for that purpose. This format can be used to downlink a trajectory request, which can then be checked on the ground for conflicts and approved or modified, if necessary, then uplinked as the assigned trajectory. The horizontal path is specified as a series of geodetic waypoints connected by great circles, and the great-circle segments are connected by turns of specified radius. Vertical profiles for climb and descent are specified as low-order polynomial functions of along-track position, which is itself specified as a function of time. Flight technical error tolerances in the along-track, cross-track, and vertical axes define a bounding space around the reference trajectory, and conformance will guarantee the required separation for a period of time known as the conflict time horizon. An important safety benefit of this regimen is that the traffic will be able to fly free of conflicts for at least several minutes even if all ground systems and the entire communication infrastructure fail. Periodic updates in the along-track axis will adjust for errors in the predicted along-track winds.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Air traffic management, Air traffic control, Trajectories, XML, Datalink, Flight management systems

18. NUMBER OF PAGES

30

19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code)

(650) 604-5454

a. REPORT

Unclassified

c. THIS PAGE

Unclassified

b. ABSTRACT

Unclassified

17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

150-10-01

11. SPONSORING/MONITORING REPORT NUMBER

NASA/TM—2004-212825

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.