Trane_ENL_Air-Handling_Systems_Energy.pdf

7/27/2019 Trane_ENL_Air-Handling_Systems_Energy.pdf

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engineers newsletter liveCourse Outline

Air-Handling Systems, Energy, and IAQ

Air-handling systems are key elements for building comfort and air quality, but they use energy.

How much energy? The answer depends upon system configuration and control approaches. Thisbroadcast presents various design and control strategies that can help reduce energy use, along

with some interesting new technologies for improving indoor air quality (IAQ).

By attending this event you will learn:

1. The latest initiatives to reduce building energy use2. About air-handling system configurations and control strategies that reduce energy use3. The latest air cleaning approaches for improving IAQProgram Outline:

1) Latest initiatives to reduce building energy use (ASHRAE building labeling, etc.)2) Choices

a) Ventilation system typeb) Energy-saving air handling unit (AHU) ideas that are common to all system types

3) System-specific energy-saving optionsa) Constant-volume air handlersb) VAV air-handling systems

4) Dedicated outdoor-air systemsa) Describe dual wheel unit (enthalpy wheel)b) Deliver air cold rather than neutral

5) Overview of air cleaninga) Particulate filtersb) Gaseous air cleanersc) Biologicals

Trane, a business of Ingersoll Rand 1


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engineers newsletter livePresenter Biographies

Air-Handling Systems, Energy and IAQ

Art Hallstrom | Team Leader, Applied System Specialist | Trane

Art has more than 35 years of industry experience working with innovative systems and products.Currently he heads up a support team of system specialists to develop innovative solutions to

challenging projects. Art has created over 30 applications manuals and articles on subjects likeelectronic noise cancellation, building pressurization, and static regain duct design. Art is a PE,

ASHRAE Fellow and is serves on the ASHRAE Technical Council. He is a former Director ofASHRAE and a Past President of the ASHRAE College of Fellows. He is a retired U.S. Army LTC, acommercial pilot, an advanced SCUBA diver, and licensed sailboat skipper.

Dennis Stanke | staff application engineer | Trane

With a BSME from the University of Wisconsin, Dennis joined Trane in 1973, as a controls

development engineer. He is now a Staff Applications Engineer specializing in airside systemsincluding controls, ventilation, indoor air quality, and dehumidification. He has written numerous

applications manuals and newsletters, has published many technical articles and columns, andhas appeared in many Trane Engineers Newsletter Livebroadcasts.

An ASHRAE Fellow, he is currently Chairman for SSPC62.1, the ASHRAE committee responsible

for Standard 62.1, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, and he serves on the USGBCLEED Technical Advisory Group for Indoor Environmental Quality (the LEED EQ TAG).

John Murphy | senior applications engineer | Trane

John has been with Trane since 1993. His primary responsibility as an applications engineer is toaid design engineers and Trane sales personnel in the proper design and application of HVAC

systems. As a LEED Accredited Professional, he has helped our customers and local offices on awide range of LEED projects. His main areas of expertise include dehumidification, air-to-air

energy recovery, psychrometry, ventilation, and ASHRAE Standards 15, 62.1, and 90.1.

John is the author of numerous Trane application manuals and Engineers Newsletters, and is afrequent presenter on Tranes Engineers Newsletter Liveseries of broadcasts. He also is a member

of ASHRAE, has authored several articles for the ASHRAE Journal, and is a member of ASHRAEsMoisture Management in Buildings and Mechanical Dehumidifiers technical committees.



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Air-Handling Systems,Energy and IAQ

Engineers

Newsletter Live

2009 Trane2

2008TraneInc.

Trane is a Registered Provider with The American Instituteof Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned oncompletion of this program will be reported to CES Records forAIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA membersavailable on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuingprofessional education. As such, it does not include content thatmay be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsementby the AIA of any material of construction or any method ormanner of handling, using, distributing, ordealing in any material or product.Questions related to specific materials,methods, and services will be addressedat the conclusion of this presentation.



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2009 Trane3

Copyrighted MaterialsThis presentation is protected by U.S. and international

copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display, and

use of the presentation without written permission of

Trane is prohibited.

2009 Trane, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Trane4

Air-Handl ing Systems, Energy and IAQ

Todays Topics

Latest initiatives to reduce building energy use

Energy-saving ideas for air-handling systems

Constant-volume air-handling units

VAV air-handling systems

High-performance dedicated outdoor-air systems

Overview of air cleaning technologies



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2009 Trane5

Todays Presenters

Dennis Stanke

Staff ApplicationsEngineer

Art Hallstrom

Manager, AppliedSystem Specialists

John Murphy

ApplicationsEngineer

2009 Trane6

Why Buildings Energy Use is Important

Industry

32%Buildings

40%

Transportation

28%

computers 1%cooking 5%

electronics 7%wet clean 5%

refrigeration 8%cooling 12%

lights 11%water heat 12%

heating 31%other 4%

cooking 2%computers 3%

refrigeration 4%office equipment 6%ventilation 6%water Heat 7%

cooling 13%heating 14%

lights 26%other 13%

Largest energy consumer in the U.S.

40% of primary energy consumption

72% of U.S. electricity

55% of U.S. natural gas

Source: National Renewable Energy Lab

22%Residential

18%

Commercial



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2009 Trane7

The Case for Sustainable Buildings

HVACR

30%

Lighting

39%

Other

17%

Office equipment

8%

Water heat 8%

Cooking 1%

Average Energy Consumption in

Commercial Buildings

Source: E Source, Inc.


Latest Initiatives

for Reducing

Build ing Energy Use



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2009 Trane9

Balancing IAQ and Energy Building performance metrics

Energy, water use

Thermal comfort

IAQ

Lighting

Noise

Building energy use

Energy Use Intensity (EUI) - kBtu/ft2-yr

Every building has this metric

2009 Trane10

Building Energy Rating Methods

Two groups

Environmental and Energy

LEED

ASHRAE 189.1 and 189.2

Energy Only

EPA (DOE) (Energy Star)

ASHRAE Building EQ

State Standards (CA Title 24) CIBSE (Chartered Institution of Building Services

Engineers)



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2009 Trane11

ASHRAE

Building Energy Quotient Technically sound

Developed with

international input

In pilot phase

As designed

As operated

2009 Trane12

ASHRAE/EPA Label Comparison

Energy Star AwardEPA Energy Star(Percentage based on EUI

distribution in actual building stock)

A+Net Zero

FUnsatisfactory

A-Very

Good

DPoor

CFair

BGood

AHigh

Perform

ASHRAE Building EQ(Percentage based on ratio of EUIbuilding/EUImedian)

150 125 100 75 50 25 0

1 15 30 50 75 100



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2009 Trane13

ASHRAE Std 90.1 Moves Toward Net-Zero

100

80

60

40

20

Net Zero

BuildingEQ

LEED

2.1LEED

2.2LEED

2009

Building Stock Median

ASHRAE 90.1-2007

ASHRAE 90.1-2010?

ASHRAE 90.1-2004

ASHRAE 90.1-1999


Energy-Saving

Strategies for

Air-Handling Systems



10/50

2009 Trane15

Energy-Saving Ideas

Common to All System Types Reduce airside pressure loss

Less airflow (i.e., colder air)

Less resistance (bigger ducts, bigger ahu, right coils)

Use high-efficiency fans (if you have a choice)

Consider air-to-air energy recovery

Use factory-supplied operating controls

To coordinate (e.g., reduce simultaneous

heating/cooling)

To optimize (e.g., demand-controlled ventilation)

2009 Trane16

Reduce Airside Pressure Loss

4

3

2

17 hp

6 hp

3.5 hp3 hp



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2009 Trane17

Consider Air-to-Air Energy Recoverytotal-energywheel

OA

EA

Summer sensible heat water vapor

Winter sensible heat water vapor

2009 Trane18

Employ Demand-Controlled Ventilation

At design, minimum intake airflow (Vbz):

Vbz = Rp*Pz + Ra*Az

= 7.5*260 + 0.06*4000 = 2190 cfm

Qoa = about 4 tons

At part load, if Pz = 130

Vbz = 7.5*130 + 0.6*4000 = 1215 cfm

Qoa = less than 2 tons

Zone-level DCV Saves energy at part load

Required by Std 90.1 (Section 6.4.3.9) for zones withmore than 40 people/1000 ft2



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2009 Trane19

Energy-Saving Strategies for

Ai r-Handling Systems Reduce pressure loss

Less supply airflow

Less distribution system pressure drop

Recover total energy (both sensible and latent)

Use controls to your advantage

Coordinate (eliminate simultaneous heating/cooling)

Optimize (for instance, demand controlled ventilation)


Energy Strategies for

Single-Zone

Systems



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2009 Trane21

Energy-Saving Ideas

For Specif ic System Types

Constant-volume, air-handling units (single-zone)

VAV air-handling systems (multiple-zone)

Dedicated outdoor air systems (100% outdoor air)

2009 Trane22

constant volume (CV)

Basic System

EA

RA

SAOA

space

MA

T

constant-speed fan

zone temperature determines AHU cooling capacityzone temperature determines AHU cooling capacity

C



14/50

2009 Trane23

Energy-Saving Ideas

For Constant-Volume Air-Handling Units

Change to single-zone VAV control

Use a dual-path AHU configuration

(split dehumidification unit, SDU)

Add a series Type III desiccant wheel

for low dew point applications

2009 Trane24

Single-Zone, Constant-Volume System

space

SAOA

RA

T

constant-speedsupply fan

EA



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2009 Trane25

Single-Zone VAV System

space

T

SAOA

RA

EA

Tvariable-speedsupply fan

2009 Trane26

single-zone VAV

Benefits

Lower operating cost by reducing fan speed

at part load

Reduced sound levels at part load

Improved dehumidification since the system

continues to supply cool, dry air at part load

Typical applications: larger zones with variable

occupancy (gymnasiums, cafeterias, lecturehalls, auditoriums, churches, arenas)



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2009 Trane27

Single-Zone VAV System

space

CO2

T

SAOA

RA

EA

P

Tflow-measuring

OA damper

2009 Trane28

Change for ASHRAE 90.1-2010

6.4.3.10 Single Zone VAV Control

Effective January 1, 2010, air-handling and fan-coil

units with chilled-water cooling coils and supply fans

with motors greater than or equal to 5 hp shall have their

supply fans controlled by two-speed motors orvariable-

speed drives.

At cooling demands less than or equal to 50%, the

supply fan controls shall be able to reduce the airflow to

no greater than the larger of the following:

1. One half of the full fan speed, or

2. The volume of outdoor air required to meet the

ventilation requirements of Standard 62.1.



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2009 Trane29

Energy-Saving Ideas

For Constant-Volume Air-Handling Units






2009 Trane30

Split Dehumidification Unit (SDU)

SA

OA

RA

RA cooling coil

OA cooling coil

T

RH



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2009 Trane31

split dehumidification unit

Benefits Improved dehumidification performance

Smaller footprint since bottom coil module is sized

for recirculated air only (not mixed air)

or keep same footprint and reduce fan power

Typical applications: larger zones in non-arid climates

2009 Trane32

Energy-Saving IdeasFor Constant-Volume Air-Handling Units








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2009 Trane33

Series Type III Desiccant WheelOA

RA

SA

MAMA'

51F DB49F DP

Type III

desiccant wheel

CA

cooling

coil

55F DB42F DP

76F DB59F DP

80F DB54F DP

watervapor

2009 Trane34

series Type III desiccant wheel

How It Works

ab

ilitytoholdwatervapor

high

relative humidity, %

low

0 60 1004020 80

Type III desiccant

typicalentering-coil

conditions

Type I

Type II

typicalleaving-coilconditions



20/50

2009 Trane35

11030 40 50 60 70 80 10090

dry-bulb temperature, F

80

70

50

4030

wet-bulbtempe

rature

,F

60

CAreheat

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

humidityratio,grains/lbofdryair

RA

OA

SA

MA

MA'

CA

OA 100F DB74F WB

RA 62F DB50% RH

MA 80F DB54F DP

MA' 76F DB59F DP

CA 51F DB49F DP

SA 55F DB42F DP

surgery room example

OA

RA

SA

MAMA'

CA

2009 Trane36

11030 40 50 60 70 80 10090


80

70

50

4030

wet-bulbtempe

rature

,F

60

CA reheat

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20


RA

OA

SA

MA

MA'

CA

Series Desiccant Wheel vs. Cool + Reheat

series wheel requires:

than Cool + Reheat

43F

51F

warmer coil temp no reheat less cooling tons



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2009 Trane37

series Type III desiccant wheel

Benefits Extends the application of mechanical

(vapor-compression) cooling equipment

Lowers achievable dew point by 5F to 10F

Uses less energy than cooling plus reheat

Less cooling tons, no reheat, warmer coil temperature

Does not require a separate exhaust airstream

It is NOT exhaust-air energy recovery

Typical applications: zones that require lower dew

points (surgery rooms, supermarkets, laboratories,pharmacies, libraries, museums, archive storage)


Energy Strategies for

VAV Multiple-Zone

Systems



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2009 Trane39

Energy-Saving Ideas

Specif ic to System Types

Constant-volume air-handling units (single-zone)

VAV air-handling systems (multiple-zone)

Dedicated outdoor air systems (100% outdoor air)

2009 Trane40

Multiple-Zone VAV

space

space

RA

OA SA

EA

MA

T

T

variable-speed fan

T

supply air tempsupply air temp

determines AHUdetermines AHU

cooling capacitycooling capacity



23/50

2009 Trane41

Optimized VAV System Controls

Optimal start/stop

Time-of-day scheduling

Fan-pressure optimization

Supply-air-temperature reset

Ventilation optimization

Demand-controlled ventilation at zone level

Ventilation reset at system level (and TRAQ dampers)

Return fan control

Building pressure control

2009 Trane42

VAV boxes

supplyfan

P

Traditional VAV Fan Control

static

pressuresensor



24/50

2009 Trane43

communicating BAS

VAV boxes

staticpressuresensor

supplyfan

Fan-Pressure Optimization

P

2009 Trane44

surge

fan-pressure optimization

Part-Load Energy Savings

airflow

staticpressure

1000rp

m800rpmen

ergysa

vings

duct staticpressure control

900rpm

fan-pressureoptimization

inputpower

1 in.wc.



25/50

2009 Trane45

communicating BAS

VAV boxes

staticpressuresensor

supplyfan

P

Fan-Pressure Optimization

2009 Trane46

fan-pressure optimization

Benefits

Part-load energy savings

Lower sound levels

Better zone control

Less duct leakage

Reduced risk of fan surge

Factory-installation and -commissioning

of duct pressure sensor

Operator feedback to "tune the system"



26/50

2009 Trane47

lounge restroom

storage office

office conference rm computer roomreception area elevators

vestibule corridor

demand-contro lled ventilation

CO2 Sensor in Every Zone?

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2AHU

CO2 CO2

communicatingBAS

2009 Trane48

lounge restroom

storage office

office conference rm computer roomreception area elevator

s

vestibule corridor

ventilation optimization

Zone Level: DCV

communicatingBAS

CO2

CO2

OCC

OCCAHU

TOD TOD



27/50

2009 Trane49


System Level: Ventilation Reset

OA

CO2 OCC OCC

Required ventilation (TOD, OCC, CO2) Actual primary airflow (flow ring)

DDC VAV controllers

SA RA

air-handling unit withflow-measuring OA damper

Reset outdoor airflow

communicating BAS New OA setpointper ASHRAE 62

CO2TOD TOD

2009 Trane50


Benefits

Saves energy during partial occupancy

Lower installed cost, less maintenance, and more

reliable than installing a CO2 sensor in every zone

Use zone-level DCV approaches where they best fit

(CO2 sensor, occupancy sensor, time-of-day schedule)

Combine with ventilation reset at the system level

Earn LEED EQc1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring



28/50

2009 Trane51

Example TRACE

700 AnalysisOptimized VAV system controls

Optimal start

Fan-pressure optimization

SA temperature reset

Ventilation optimization

DCV at zone level

Ventilation reset at system level

2009 Trane52

VAV system

Energy Savings Via Optimized Controls

0

20

40

60

80

100

HVACenergyuse,

%o

fbase

9% 11% 17% 18%

Houston Los Angeles Philadelphia St. Louis

typical systemwith optimized controls

typical system



29/50

2009 Trane53

Lower Supply-Air Temperature Benefits

Reduces supply airflow

Less supply fan energy

Smaller fans, air handlers,

VAV terminals, and ductwork

Lowers indoor humidity levels

Drawbacks

Increases reheat energy

Fewer hours when economizer

provides all necessary cooling(compressors shut off)

2009 Trane54

lower supply-air temperature

Maximize Energy Savings

Use supply-air temperature reset

Maximizes benefit of airside economizer

Reduces reheat energy use

Raise space setpoint by 1F or 2F

Further reduces airflow and fan energy use

Keep same size ductwork

Further reduces fan energy use

Allows SAT reset in systems that servezones with near-constant cooling loads

Capable of delivering more airflow if

loads increase in the future



30/50

2009 Trane55


Challenges Minimize comfort problems

due to dumping

Avoid condensation on air

distribution system components

2009 Trane56


Minimizing Comfort Problems (Dumping)

Use linear slot diffusers

linear slot

diffuser

dumping

conventional

concentric diffuser



31/50

2009 Trane57


Minimizing Comfort Problems (Dumping)or use fan-powered VAV terminals as air blenders

parallel fan-poweredVAV terminal

primary air(45F)

supply air(55F)

plenum air(80F)

series fan-poweredVAV terminal

supply air(55F)

primary air(45F)

plenum air(80F)

2009 Trane58


Avoid ing Condensation

Properly insulate and vapor-seal

ductwork, VAV terminals, and supply-air diffusers

Use an open ceiling plenum return, if possible

Maintain positive building pressure to minimize

infiltration of humid outdoor air

Monitor indoor humidity during unoccupied periods

and prevent it from rising too high

During startup, slowly ramp down the supply-air

temperature to pull down indoor humidity

Use linear slot diffusers to increase air motion



32/50

2009 Trane59

High-Performance CHW-VAV System

0

20

40

60

80

100

HVACenergyuse,

%o

fbase

9% 11% 17% 18%

Houston Los Angeles Philadelphia St. Louis

53%36%

55% 54%

typical systemwith optimized controls

typical system high-performance systemwith optimized controls

2009 Trane60

High-Performance CHW-VAV System

Cold-air distribution (48F supply-air temperature) with same size ducts

Fan-pressure optimization, supply-air-temperature reset, ventilation

optimization, and optimal start control strategies

Parallel fan-powered VAV terminal units serving the perimeter zones

Airside economizer with fixed enthalpy control (fixed dry-bulb control in LA)

High-efficiency, direct-drive plenum fans in VAV air-handling units

Total-energy wheel to precondition the entering outdoor air (not in LA)

Low-flow condenser-water (15F T) and chilled-water (14F T)distribution systems

High-efficiency, water-cooled centrifugal chillers (5.96 COP, or 7.33 COP

for Los Angeles) For a centrifugal chiller operating at these water temperatures and flow rates,

which differ from ARI standard rating conditions, the minimum efficiency required

by ASHRAE 90.1-2007 is 5.11 COP (5.90 COP for Los Angeles).

Chiller-tower optimization control strategy



33/50


High-Performance

Dedicated Outdoor-AirSystems

2009 Trane62

Energy-Saving IdeasSpecif ic to System Types

Constant-volume air-handling units

VAV air-handling systems

100% outdoor air systems



34/50

2009 Trane63

OA

dedicated OA unit

CA CA

RA

SA

RA

SAlocal HVAC unit

Dedicated OA System (DOAS)

CA

fan-coil PTAC WSHP

DX split system / VRF passive chilled beam packaged rooftop VAV air handler

packaged DX unit mechanical dehumidifier desiccant dehumidifier chilled-water air handler

2009 Trane64

Dedicated OA Unit Choices

35F 40F 45F 50F 60F

Dew Point of Condi tioned Outdoor Air (CA)

55F

desiccant

60% space RH

50% space RH

Dew point required

packaged DX rooftop

chiller + AHU

mechanical dehumidifier

Dew point capability



35/50

2009 Trane65

Benefits of Chilled-Water DOAS

Can achieve lower dew points

Wider operating envelope

2009 Trane66

11030 40 50 60 70 80 10090


80

70

50

4030

wet-bulbtempe

rature

,F

60

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20


Nashville, Tennessee(Monday Friday, 6 AM 6 PM)

dedicated OA unit

Wide Operating Envelope



36/50

2009 Trane67

OAdedicatedOA unit

CA

CA CA

RA

SA

RA

SA

local HVAC unit

dedicated OA system

Demand-Controlled Ventilation

CO2

OCC

VFD

VAV box

2009 Trane68

Benefits of Chilled-Water DOAS

Can achieve lower dew points

Wider operating envelope

Especially when using variable airflow

DX equipment often requires

hot gas bypass (energy waste)

Greater flexibility and efficiency

Fans, air cleaning, energy recovery,

desiccant wheel, airflow measurement,

ice storage

Certified performance ARI, UL, ETL

No ARI certification for DX dedicated

OA units (EERs typically not published)

Reduced refrigerant charge



37/50

2009 Trane69

Dual-Wheel Dedicated OA Unit

cooling

coil

OA'OA''

CA

OA

EA

EA'

CA'

series Type IIIdesiccant wheel

total-energywheel

preheatcoil

2009 Trane70

Trane Climate Changer Configurator



38/50

2009 Trane71

How It Works

ability tohold water

vapor

high

relative humidity, %

low

0 60 1004020 80

Type III desiccant

typicalentering-coil

conditions

typicalleaving-coilconditions

2009 Trane72

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

humidityratio,grains/lbofdrya

ir

11030 40 50 60 70 80 10090


80

70

50

40

30

wet

-bulb

tempe

ratu

re,F

60

OAOA

OA 65F DB100% RH

OA'' 68F DB86 gr/lb

CA 51F DB54 gr/lb

CA

OA''CA' 54F DB45 gr/lb45F DP

CA'

OA' 70F DB77 gr/lb69% RH

EAEA

OA'OA'

total-energy wheelavoids the need to preheat!

Example: Mild Rainy Day

desiccant wheel by itselfrequires 12F of preheat



39/50

2009 Trane73

Dual-Wheel Dedicated OA Unit

Total-energy

wheelAvoids the need to add

preheat for regeneration(minimizes overall energy use,

provides year-round energy savings)

Series Type III

desiccant wheelMakes the cooling co il

a better dehumidifier(exchanges sensible capacity

for more latent capacity)

2009 Trane74

Af ter-Hours Humidi ty Control

series Type IIIdesiccant wheel

coolingcoil

RA'

CA

RA

total-energywheel (off)

CA'

RA

preheatcoil

OA damper(closed)

RA damper(open)

EA damper(closed)



40/50

2009 Trane75

ASHRAE HQ Renovation (Atlanta)

2009 Trane76

dual-wheel dedicated OA unit

Al ternate Configuration

parallel Type IIIdesiccant wheel

coolingcoil

total-energywheel

OA

EA''EA

OA'CA

CA'

EA'



41/50


Overview of

Air CleaningTechnologies

2009 Trane78

Removes contaminants

Why?

To keep buildings and equipment cleaner

To meet standards and codes

To obtain LEED points

To make indoor spaces better

Why Do We Need Air Cleaning?



42/50

2009 Trane79

From ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals

Particulate matter

Solids (dust, fumes, bioaerosols)

Liquids (mist and fog)

Bioaerosols include: pollen, mold spores, bacteria, viruses

Gases

Organic (VOC)

Non-Organic (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone)

What Are We Trying To Remove?

2009 Trane80

Ai r Cleaning Options

Particulate filters

Impingement (MERV ratings)

Electronic

Gaseous air cleaners

Adsorbents (e.g., activated carbon)

Photocatalytic Oxidation

Bioaerosols

Ultraviolet Light (UVc) Photocatalytic Oxidation



43/50

2009 Trane81

Particulate Filters

Type of Particle Diameter Settling Time

Human hair 5 seconds

Observable dust in air >10 seconds

Bacteria 1 to 5 minutes

Viruses 10 days

Note: Spores, bacteria, and virus sizes are for thetypical complete unit. When entrained in the air, theymay be smaller (fragments) or larger (attached todebris)

Source: ASHRAE Handbook 2009

2009 Trane82

Catalytic Air Cleaning System

MERV 13 filter followed by

Catalytic Air Cleaner

(shown)

6 Deep

Very low pressure drop 0.03

in.wc.

Media life: ~ 15 years,

UV Bulbs ~ 15 months

No measureable ozone



44/50

2009 Trane83

Photo-catalysis

2009 Trane84

Flash file

Flash fi le



45/50

2009 Trane85

Catalytic Air Cleaning Effectiveness

Depends on energy distr ibution

2009 Trane86

In Summary.

Air cleaning is a complex issue but getting easier to

understand and control

Best to know the contaminants of concern and where

they are coming from

Have a goal in mind

Consider all available technologies

Understand the maintenance requirements

Evaluate from an effectiveness and total cost of

ownership perspective



46/50


Conclusion

2009 Trane88

Air-Handl ing Systems, Energy and IAQ

Summary

Common energy saving strategies

Less airflow/pressure loss

Energy recovery

Optimizing controls

Single-zone choices (one-zone VAV, split dehumidification, TypeIII desiccant wheel)

Multiple-zone VAV choices (fan-pressure optimization,ventilation optimization, low temperature supply air)

100% OA choices (chilled water dedicated outdoor-air units, dual

wheel energy recover with Type III desiccant) Air Cleaning technologies (particle filters, photo-catalytic

oxidation)



47/50

2009 Trane89

References for This Broadcast

Where to Learn More

Subscribe atSubscribe at

www.trane.com/engineersnewsletterwww.trane.com/engineersnewsletter

2009 Trane90

Watch Past Broadcasts

ENL Archives

www.trane.com/bookstore

Insightful topics on HVAC system design:

Chilled-water plants

Air distribution

Refrigerant-to-air systems

Control strategies

Industry standards and LEED

Energy and the environment

Acoustics

Ventilation

Dehumidification



48/50

2009 Trane91

2010 ENL Broadcasts March

Fans in Air-handling Systems

May

Central Geothermal Systems

October

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010



49/50

engineers newsletter live

BibliographyIndustry Standards and HandbooksAir-Handling

Systems, Energy and

IAQ

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE). ANSI/ASHRAE IESNA Standard 62.1-2007: Ventilation forAcceptable Indoor Air Quality.Available at www.ashrae.org/bookstore

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE). ANSI/ASHRAE IESNA Standard 90.1-2007: Energy Standard forBuildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. Available atwww.ashrae.org/bookstore

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc. (ASHRAE). 1996. Cold Air Distribution System Design Guide. Atlanta,GA: ASHRAE.

Building Energy Labeling

ASHRAE Building Energy Quotient (http://buildingeq.com)

U.S. EPA ENERGY STAR (www.energystar.gov)

Industry Trade Journal Articles

Stanke, D., System Operation: Dynamic Reset Options,ASHRAE Journal48(12), December 2006, pp 1832.

Murphy, J., Smart Dedicated Outdoor-Air Systems, ASHRAE Journal48(7),July 2006, pp 30-37.

Trane Application Manuals

available to purchase from

Murphy, J. and B. Bakkum. Chilled-Water VAV Systems, application manualSYS-APM008-EN, September 2009.

Murphy, J. and B. Bradley. Air-to-Air Energy Recovery in HVAC Systems,application manual SYS-APM003-EN, September 2008.

Murphy, J. and B. Bradley. Dehumidification in HVAC Systems, applicationmanual SYS-APM004-EN, December 2002.

Trane Engineers Newslettersavailable to download from

Murphy, J. CO2-Based Demand-Controlled Ventilation with ASHRAE Standard

62.1. Engineers Newsletter34-5 (2005).

Murphy, J. Advances in Desiccant-Based Dehumidification. EngineersNewsletter34-4 (2005).

Eppelheimer, D. Cold Air Makes Good $ense. Engineers Newsletter29-2(2000).

Stanke, D. VAV System Optimization: Critical Zone Reset. EngineersNewsletter20-2 (1991).

http://buildingeq.com/http://www.energystar.gov/http://www.trane.com/bookstorehttp://www.trane.com/engineersnewsletterhttp://www.trane.com/engineersnewsletterhttp://www.trane.com/bookstorehttp://www.energystar.gov/http://buildingeq.com/


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engineers newsletter live

BibliographyAir-Handling

Systems, Energy and

IAQ

Trane Engineers Newsletters LiveBroadcasts

available to purchase from

CO2-Based Demand-Controlled Ventilation, Engineers Newsletter Live

broadcast, APP-CMC024-EN (DVD), 2005.

Improving Dehumidification in HVAC Systems, Engineers Newsletter Livebroadcast, APP-CMC030-EN (DVD), 2007.

Lowering Supply-Air Temperatures, Engineers Newsletter Livebroadcast,APP-CMC003-EN (DVD), 2000.

Trane Product Engineering Bulletins

Trane Catalytic Air Cleaning System, CLCH-PRB023-EN (2009).

Trane CDQ Desiccant Dehumidification, CLCH-PRB020-EN (2004).

Split Dehumidification Unit for Climate Changer Air Handlers, CLCH-PRB005-EN (2000).

Analysis Software

Trane Air-Conditioning and Economics (TRACE 700). Available at

Product Literature

Performance Climate Changer Available at

Trane Catalytic Air Cleaning System (CLCH-SLB018-EN) Available fromeLibrary
http://www.trane.com/bookstorehttp://www.trane.com/Commercial/DNA/View.aspx?i=1136http://www.trane.com/webcache/ah/central%20station%20air%20handlers%20(clch)/sales/clch-slb017-en_04012009.pdfhttp://www.trane.com/webcache/ah/central%20station%20air%20handlers%20(clch)/sales/clch-slb017-en_04012009.pdfhttp://www.trane.com/webcache/ah/central%20station%20air%20handlers%20(clch)/sales/clch-slb017-en_04012009.pdfhttp://www.trane.com/webcache/ah/central%20station%20air%20handlers%20(clch)/sales/clch-slb017-en_04012009.pdfhttp://www.trane.com/Commercial/DNA/View.aspx?i=1136http://www.trane.com/bookstore

Documents

Trane_ENL_Air-Handling_Systems_Energy.pdf