Tranmission Line

Transmission Line

Twisted Pair Cabling Systems

Twisted Pair ParametersCable Category and PerformanceCabling DistanceConnector PerformanceSystem PerformancePerformance Testing

Twisted Pair Category and Transmission Performance

Transmission ParametersDC Resistance & DC Resistance UnbalanceCapacitance & Capacitance UnbalanceAttenuationCharacteristic ImpedanceStructural Return LossNEXT/FEXT/ELFEXT lossPair to PairPower Sum (CAT 5e & CAT 6)Propagation DelayDelay Skew (CAT 5e & CAT 6)

Horizontal Cabling Distance

Backbone Cabling DistanceVoiceDataCross-connect jumpers/patch cables = 20m

Telecommunications equipment cables = 30m

Attenuation Return Loss DC Resistance NEXT/ FEXT/ELFEXT Pair-Pair & Power Sum Propagation Delay & Delay Skew LCLConnecting Hardware

Cabling Practices Affecting PerformanceConnector Termination PracticesUse proper category of cable and matching componentsCategory 5 = < 13mm (0.5) amount of untwistStrip only enough cable jacket as necessaryPatch Cable and Connector ConsistencyUse of pre-terminated patch cables Cable Management PracticesEliminate cable stress caused by tension & cinchingKeep cable bend radii no less than 4 times the cable diameterNo more than 30 m or (2) 90 bends in a single conduit pull

Field Testing ParametersWire MapLengthPropagation DelayDelay SkewAttenuationNEXTPSNEXTACRPSACRFEXTELFEXTPSELFEXTReturn Loss

Wire Map12

36

54

7812

36

54

78Correct Pairs12

36

54

7812

36

54

78Split Pairs12

36

54

7812

36

54

78Reversed Pair12

36

54

7812

36

54

78Crossed Pairs

LengthMaximum Link Length 90 metersplus a maximum of 2 meters of test equipment patch cords at each endMaximum Channel Length 100 metersincluding equipment cords and patch cords

Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP)The speed at which a signal travels in a cable, expressed as a percentage of the speed of light in vacuum.Speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s or 0.3 m/nsec

Length CalculationExample:measurement of Prop_delay: 435 nsecLength =Prop_delay (nsec) x NVP x Speed_of_LightNVP (%)Length (m)65.9867091.4

Propagation Delay and Delay Skew

Electrons travel at approx. constant speed( 20 cm or 8 per ns,1 ns = 0.000 000 0001 sNVP * speed of light)Propagation delayTraveling signals is like electrons following a somewhat rocky path

SpecificationsEffects of Delay SkewSkew is the difference in propagation delay between the fastest and slowest pairs in a cable.Proposed requirement:

Delay SkewThe length of every electronic road in a cable is slightly different because of twist ratesBut every cable has at least 4 electronic highways

AttenuationCalculated Link Attenuation is the sum of the attenuation of:

cable segment all connecting hardware 10 m of patch cable for channel 4 m of patch cable for link

is represented by the electrons that get stuckAttenuationThere are potholes in the road.

Link Attenuation

attenuation

Link Attenuation

Cat 5Class DClass DCat 5ECat 6Class E

TSB 67ISO/IECISO/IECTIA/EIATIA/EIAISO/IEC

SpecificationOct-9511801:JTC14195-ADraft 3JTC1

1995(E)SC25 WG325-Aug-9818-Aug-98SC25 WG3

PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.12.52.12.12.11.9

4.004.04.84.14.03.93.5

8.005.7--5.75.5--

10.006.37.56.16.36.25.6

16.008.29.47.88.27.87.1

20.009.210.58.79.28.87.9

25.0010.3--10.39.9--

31.2511.513.11111.511.110

62.5016.718.41616.71614.4

100.0021.623.220.621.620.718.5

125.00--------20.9

155.52--------23.6

175.00--------25.2

200.00------30.427.1

250.00--------30.7

Channel Attenuation





PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.5--2.52.52.12.2

4.004.5--4.54.544.2

8.006.3----6.35.7--

10.007--776.36.5

16.009.2--9.29.288.3

20.0010.3--10.310.399.3

25.0011.4----11.410.1--

31.2512.8--12.812.811.411.7

62.5018.5--18.518.516.516.9

100.0024--242421.221.7

125.00----------24.5

155.52----------27.6

175.00----------29.5

200.00--------32.231.7

&A

NEXT

Link NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.006054.061.264.273.572.7

4.0051.845.051.854.864.163

8.0047.1----50.059.4--

10.0045.539.045.548.557.856.6

16.0042.336.042.345.254.653.2

20.0040.735.040.743.753.151.6

25.0039.1----42.151.5--

31.2537.632.037.640.65048.4

62.5032.727.032.735.745.243.4

100.0029.324.029.332.341.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------36.934.8

250.00----------33.1

Channel NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.0060.0--60.363.372.772.7

4.0050.6--50.653.663.163

8.0045.6----48.658.2--

10.0044.0--4447.056.656.6

16.0040.6--40.643.653.253.2

20.0039.0--3942.051.651.6

25.0037.4----40.450--

31.2535.7--35.738.748.448.4

62.5030.6--30.633.643.443.4

100.0027.1--27.130.139.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------34.834.8

250.00----------33.1

&A

PS NEXT

Link Power Sum NEXT





(Tokyo 78A)(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----58.260.071.270.3

4.00----48.852.061.860.5

8.00------47.157--

10.00----42.545.655.554

16.00----39.342.252.250.6

20.00----37.740.750.749

25.00------39.149.1--

31.25----34.637.547.645.7

62.50----29.732.642.740.6

100.00----26.329.339.337.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------34.331.9

250.00----------30.2

Channel Power Sum NEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.36070.370.3

4.00----47.650.960.660.5

8.00------45.755.6--

10.00----4144.15454

16.00----37.640.650.650.6

20.00----36394949

25.00------37.347.4--

31.25----32.735.745.745.7

62.50----27.630.640.640.6

100.00----24.127.137.137.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------31.931.9

250.00----------30.2

&A

ELFEXT

Link ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.660.065.264.2

4.00----47.648.053.252.1

8.00------41.947.1--

10.00----39.640.045.244.2

16.00----35.535.941.140.1

20.00----33.634.039.238.1

25.00------32.037.2--

31.25----29.730.135.334.3

62.50----23.724.129.328.2

100.00----19.620.025.224.2

125.00----------22.2

155.52----------20.3

175.00----------19.3

200.00--------19.218.1

250.00----------16.2

Channel ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----5757.463.263.2

4.00----4545.351.251.2

8.00------39.345.2--

10.00----3737.443.243.2

16.00----32.933.339.139.1

20.00----3131.437.237.2

25.00------29.435.3--

31.25----27.127.533.333.3

62.50----21.121.527.327.3

100.00----1717.423.223.2

125.00----------21.3

155.52----------19.4

175.00----------18.4

200.00--------17.217.2

250.00----------15.3

&A

PS ELFEXT

Link Power Sum ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.057.062.261.2

4.00----45.045.050.249.1

8.00------38.944.1--

10.00----37.037.042.241.2

16.00----32.932.938.137.1

20.00----31.031.036.235.1

25.00------29.034.2--

31.25----27.127.132.231.3

62.50----21.121.126.325.2

100.00----17.017.022.221.2

125.00----------19.2

155.52----------17.3

175.00----------16.3

200.00--------16.215.1

250.00----------13.2

Channel Power Sum ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.454.460.260.2

4.00----42.442.448.248.2

8.00------36.342.2--

10.00----34.434.440.240.2

16.00----30.330.336.136.1

20.00----28.428.434.234.2

25.00------26.432.3--

31.25----24.524.530.330.3

62.50----18.518.524.324.3

100.00----14.414.420.220.2

125.00----------18.3

155.52----------16.4

175.00----------15.4

200.00--------14.214.2

250.00----------12.3

&A

Return Loss

Link Return Loss





(Orlando 39A)(Orlando 39A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

4.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

8.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

10.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

16.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

20.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

25.00--10.016.316.318.318.3

31.25--10.015.615.617.617.6

62.50--10.013.513.515.515.5

100.00--10.012.112.114.114.1

125.00--------13.413.4

155.52--------12.812.8

175.00--------12.412.4

200.00--------1212

250.00--------11.311.3

Channel Return Loss






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----17171919

4.00----17171919

8.00----17171919

10.00----17171919

16.00----17171919

20.00----17171919

25.00----16161818

31.25----15.115.117.117.1

62.50----12.112.114.114.1

100.00----10101212

125.00--------1111

155.52--------10.110.1

175.00--------9.69.6

200.00--------99

250.00--------88

&A

ACR

Link ACR





Calculated(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.1----70.8

4.00--40.047.7----59.5

8.00------------

10.00--35.039.4----51.0

16.00--30.034.5----46.1

20.00--28.032.0----43.7

25.00------------

31.25--23.026.6----38.4

62.50--13.016.7----29.0

100.00--4.08.7----21.4

125.00----------17.4

155.52----------13.1

175.00----------10.6

200.00----------7.7

250.00----------2.4

Channel ACR






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.8----70.4

4.00----46.1----58.9

8.00------------

10.00----37----50.0

16.00----31.4----44.9

20.00----28.7----42.3

25.00------------

31.25----22.9----36.7

62.50----12.1----26.5

100.00----3.1----18.2

125.00----------13.8

155.52----------9.0

175.00----------6.3

200.00----------3.0

250.00-----------2.8

&CACR

PS ACR

Link Power Sum ACR





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----56.1----68.4

4.00----44.7----57.0

8.00----------

10.00----36.4----48.4

16.00----31.5----43.5

20.00----29.0----41.0

25.00----------

31.25----23.6----35.7

62.50----13.7----26.2

100.00----5.7----18.6

125.00----------14.5

155.52----------10.2

175.00----------7.7

200.00----------4.8

250.00-----------0.5

Channel Power Sum ACR





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.8----68.1

4.00----43.1----56.4

8.00----------

10.00----34----47.5

16.00----28.4----42.3

20.00----25.7----39.7

25.00------------

31.25----19.9----34.0

62.50----9.1----23.7

100.00----0.1----15.4

125.00----------10.9

155.52----------6.1

175.00----------3.4

200.00----------0.1

250.00-----------5.8

&A

Sheet9

&A

Page &P

Sheet10

&A

Page &P

Sheet11

&A

Page &P

Sheet12

&A

Page &P

Sheet13

&A

Page &P

Sheet14

&A

Page &P

Sheet15

&A

Page &P

Sheet16

&A

Page &P

Crosstalk!!A level problem in the electronic road will cause some electrons to fall on an adjacent roadOn top of that: the road is not level and electrons fly off!

NEXT Testing of NEXT shall be performed at both ends All pair combinations shall be measured

Near End Crosstalk is by the electrons that return back to the beginningNear End Crosstalk (NEXT)

Link NEXT

attenuation

Link Attenuation





PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.12.52.12.12.11.9

4.004.04.84.14.03.93.5

8.005.7--5.75.5--

10.006.37.56.16.36.25.6

16.008.29.47.88.27.87.1

20.009.210.58.79.28.87.9

25.0010.3--10.39.9--

31.2511.513.11111.511.110

62.5016.718.41616.71614.4

100.0021.623.220.621.620.718.5

125.00--------20.9

155.52--------23.6

175.00--------25.2

200.00------30.427.1

250.00--------30.7

Channel Attenuation





PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.5--2.52.52.12.2

4.004.5--4.54.544.2

8.006.3----6.35.7--

10.007--776.36.5

16.009.2--9.29.288.3

20.0010.3--10.310.399.3

25.0011.4----11.410.1--

31.2512.8--12.812.811.411.7

62.5018.5--18.518.516.516.9

100.0024--242421.221.7

125.00----------24.5

155.52----------27.6

175.00----------29.5

200.00--------32.231.7

&A

NEXT

Link NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.006054.061.264.273.572.7

4.0051.845.051.854.864.163

8.0047.1----50.059.4--

10.0045.539.045.548.557.856.6

16.0042.336.042.345.254.653.2

20.0040.735.040.743.753.151.6

25.0039.1----42.151.5--

31.2537.632.037.640.65048.4

62.5032.727.032.735.745.243.4

100.0029.324.029.332.341.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------36.934.8

250.00----------33.1

Channel NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.0060.0--60.363.372.772.7

4.0050.6--50.653.663.163

8.0045.6----48.658.2--

10.0044.0--4447.056.656.6

16.0040.6--40.643.653.253.2

20.0039.0--3942.051.651.6

25.0037.4----40.450--

31.2535.7--35.738.748.448.4

62.5030.6--30.633.643.443.4

100.0027.1--27.130.139.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------34.834.8

250.00----------33.1

&A

PS NEXT

Link Power Sum NEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----58.260.071.270.3

4.00----48.852.061.860.5

8.00------47.157--

10.00----42.545.655.554

16.00----39.342.252.250.6

20.00----37.740.750.749

25.00------39.149.1--

31.25----34.637.547.645.7

62.50----29.732.642.740.6

100.00----26.329.339.337.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------34.331.9

250.00----------30.2







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.36070.370.3

4.00----47.650.960.660.5

8.00------45.755.6--

10.00----4144.15454

16.00----37.640.650.650.6

20.00----36394949

25.00------37.347.4--

31.25----32.735.745.745.7

62.50----27.630.640.640.6

100.00----24.127.137.137.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------31.931.9

250.00----------30.2

&A

ELFEXT

Link ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.660.065.264.2

4.00----47.648.053.252.1

8.00------41.947.1--

10.00----39.640.045.244.2

16.00----35.535.941.140.1

20.00----33.634.039.238.1

25.00------32.037.2--

31.25----29.730.135.334.3

62.50----23.724.129.328.2

100.00----19.620.025.224.2

125.00----------22.2

155.52----------20.3

175.00----------19.3

200.00--------19.218.1

250.00----------16.2

Channel ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----5757.463.263.2

4.00----4545.351.251.2

8.00------39.345.2--

10.00----3737.443.243.2

16.00----32.933.339.139.1

20.00----3131.437.237.2

25.00------29.435.3--

31.25----27.127.533.333.3

62.50----21.121.527.327.3

100.00----1717.423.223.2

125.00----------21.3

155.52----------19.4

175.00----------18.4

200.00--------17.217.2

250.00----------15.3

&A

PS ELFEXT







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.057.062.261.2

4.00----45.045.050.249.1

8.00------38.944.1--

10.00----37.037.042.241.2

16.00----32.932.938.137.1

20.00----31.031.036.235.1

25.00------29.034.2--

31.25----27.127.132.231.3

62.50----21.121.126.325.2

100.00----17.017.022.221.2

125.00----------19.2

155.52----------17.3

175.00----------16.3

200.00--------16.215.1

250.00----------13.2







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.454.460.260.2

4.00----42.442.448.248.2

8.00------36.342.2--

10.00----34.434.440.240.2

16.00----30.330.336.136.1

20.00----28.428.434.234.2

25.00------26.432.3--

31.25----24.524.530.330.3

62.50----18.518.524.324.3

100.00----14.414.420.220.2

125.00----------18.3

155.52----------16.4

175.00----------15.4

200.00--------14.214.2

250.00----------12.3

&A

Return Loss

Link Return Loss






Freq. (MHz)

1.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

4.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

8.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

10.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

16.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

20.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

25.00--10.016.316.318.318.3

31.25--10.015.615.617.617.6

62.50--10.013.513.515.515.5

100.00--10.012.112.114.114.1

125.00--------13.413.4

155.52--------12.812.8

175.00--------12.412.4

200.00--------1212

250.00--------11.311.3

Channel Return Loss






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----17171919

4.00----17171919

8.00----17171919

10.00----17171919

16.00----17171919

20.00----17171919

25.00----16161818

31.25----15.115.117.117.1

62.50----12.112.114.114.1

100.00----10101212

125.00--------1111

155.52--------10.110.1

175.00--------9.69.6

200.00--------99

250.00--------88

&A

ACR

Link ACR






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.1----70.8

4.00--40.047.7----59.5

8.00------------

10.00--35.039.4----51.0

16.00--30.034.5----46.1

20.00--28.032.0----43.7

25.00------------

31.25--23.026.6----38.4

62.50--13.016.7----29.0

100.00--4.08.7----21.4

125.00----------17.4

155.52----------13.1

175.00----------10.6

200.00----------7.7

250.00----------2.4

Channel ACR






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.8----70.4

4.00----46.1----58.9

8.00------------

10.00----37----50.0

16.00----31.4----44.9

20.00----28.7----42.3

25.00------------

31.25----22.9----36.7

62.50----12.1----26.5

100.00----3.1----18.2

125.00----------13.8

155.52----------9.0

175.00----------6.3

200.00----------3.0

250.00-----------2.8

&CACR

PS ACR

Link Power Sum ACR





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----56.1----68.4

4.00----44.7----57.0

8.00----------

10.00----36.4----48.4

16.00----31.5----43.5

20.00----29.0----41.0

25.00----------

31.25----23.6----35.7

62.50----13.7----26.2

100.00----5.7----18.6

125.00----------14.5

155.52----------10.2

175.00----------7.7

200.00----------4.8

250.00-----------0.5






(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.8----68.1

4.00----43.1----56.4

8.00----------

10.00----34----47.5

16.00----28.4----42.3

20.00----25.7----39.7

25.00------------

31.25----19.9----34.0

62.50----9.1----23.7

100.00----0.1----15.4

125.00----------10.9

155.52----------6.1

175.00----------3.4

200.00----------0.1

250.00-----------5.8

&A

Sheet9

&A

Page &P

Sheet10

&A

Page &P

Sheet11

&A

Page &P

Sheet12

&A

Page &P

Sheet13

&A

Page &P

Sheet14

&A

Page &P

Sheet15

&A

Page &P

Sheet16

&A

Page &P

FEXTHUBNICrxrxtxtxTransmitted SignalCoupled Noise Testing of FEXT shall be performed at both ends All pair combinations shall be measuredAttenuated Signal

Far End Crosstalk is by the electrons that continue to the far endFar end crosstalk (FEXT)

Return Loss Typically attenuation caused by characteristics inherent in the cable, such as: impedance mismatches kinks in the cable poor construction

SpecificationsEffects of Return LossAttenuated SignalsTransmitted SignalsImpedance mismatch or variationReflected SignalsPair 1Pair 2Pair 3Pair 4A measure of the reflected transmit energy caused by impedance mismatches in the cabling systemsEspecially important in applications that use full duplex transmission schemes HUB

There are also bumps and dips in the road: return loss

Link Return Loss

attenuation

Link Attenuation





PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.12.52.12.12.11.9

4.004.04.84.14.03.93.5

8.005.7--5.75.5--

10.006.37.56.16.36.25.6

16.008.29.47.88.27.87.1

20.009.210.58.79.28.87.9

25.0010.3--10.39.9--

31.2511.513.11111.511.110

62.5016.718.41616.71614.4

100.0021.623.220.621.620.718.5

125.00--------20.9

155.52--------23.6

175.00--------25.2

200.00------30.427.1

250.00--------30.7

Channel Attenuation





PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.5--2.52.52.12.2

4.004.5--4.54.544.2

8.006.3----6.35.7--

10.007--776.36.5

16.009.2--9.29.288.3

20.0010.3--10.310.399.3

25.0011.4----11.410.1--

31.2512.8--12.812.811.411.7

62.5018.5--18.518.516.516.9

100.0024--242421.221.7

125.00----------24.5

155.52----------27.6

175.00----------29.5

200.00--------32.231.7

&A

NEXT

Link NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.006054.061.264.273.572.7

4.0051.845.051.854.864.163

8.0047.1----50.059.4--

10.0045.539.045.548.557.856.6

16.0042.336.042.345.254.653.2

20.0040.735.040.743.753.151.6

25.0039.1----42.151.5--

31.2537.632.037.640.65048.4

62.5032.727.032.735.745.243.4

100.0029.324.029.332.341.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------36.934.8

250.00----------33.1

Channel NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.0060.0--60.363.372.772.7

4.0050.6--50.653.663.163

8.0045.6----48.658.2--

10.0044.0--4447.056.656.6

16.0040.6--40.643.653.253.2

20.0039.0--3942.051.651.6

25.0037.4----40.450--

31.2535.7--35.738.748.448.4

62.5030.6--30.633.643.443.4

100.0027.1--27.130.139.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------34.834.8

250.00----------33.1

&A

PS NEXT

Link Power Sum NEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----58.260.071.270.3

4.00----48.852.061.860.5

8.00------47.157--

10.00----42.545.655.554

16.00----39.342.252.250.6

20.00----37.740.750.749

25.00------39.149.1--

31.25----34.637.547.645.7

62.50----29.732.642.740.6

100.00----26.329.339.337.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------34.331.9

250.00----------30.2







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.36070.370.3

4.00----47.650.960.660.5

8.00------45.755.6--

10.00----4144.15454

16.00----37.640.650.650.6

20.00----36394949

25.00------37.347.4--

31.25----32.735.745.745.7

62.50----27.630.640.640.6

100.00----24.127.137.137.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------31.931.9

250.00----------30.2

&A

ELFEXT

Link ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.660.065.264.2

4.00----47.648.053.252.1

8.00------41.947.1--

10.00----39.640.045.244.2

16.00----35.535.941.140.1

20.00----33.634.039.238.1

25.00------32.037.2--

31.25----29.730.135.334.3

62.50----23.724.129.328.2

100.00----19.620.025.224.2

125.00----------22.2

155.52----------20.3

175.00----------19.3

200.00--------19.218.1

250.00----------16.2

Channel ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----5757.463.263.2

4.00----4545.351.251.2

8.00------39.345.2--

10.00----3737.443.243.2

16.00----32.933.339.139.1

20.00----3131.437.237.2

25.00------29.435.3--

31.25----27.127.533.333.3

62.50----21.121.527.327.3

100.00----1717.423.223.2

125.00----------21.3

155.52----------19.4

175.00----------18.4

200.00--------17.217.2

250.00----------15.3

&A

PS ELFEXT







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.057.062.261.2

4.00----45.045.050.249.1

8.00------38.944.1--

10.00----37.037.042.241.2

16.00----32.932.938.137.1

20.00----31.031.036.235.1

25.00------29.034.2--

31.25----27.127.132.231.3

62.50----21.121.126.325.2

100.00----17.017.022.221.2

125.00----------19.2

155.52----------17.3

175.00----------16.3

200.00--------16.215.1

250.00----------13.2







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.454.460.260.2

4.00----42.442.448.248.2

8.00------36.342.2--

10.00----34.434.440.240.2

16.00----30.330.336.136.1

20.00----28.428.434.234.2

25.00------26.432.3--

31.25----24.524.530.330.3

62.50----18.518.524.324.3

100.00----14.414.420.220.2

125.00----------18.3

155.52----------16.4

175.00----------15.4

200.00--------14.214.2

250.00----------12.3

&A

Return Loss

Link Return Loss






Freq. (MHz)

1.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

4.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

8.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

10.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

16.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

20.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

25.00--10.016.316.318.318.3

31.25--10.015.615.617.617.6

62.50--10.013.513.515.515.5

100.00--10.012.112.114.114.1

125.00--------13.413.4

155.52--------12.812.8

175.00--------12.412.4

200.00--------1212

250.00--------11.311.3

Channel Return Loss






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----17171919

4.00----17171919

8.00----17171919

10.00----17171919

16.00----17171919

20.00----17171919

25.00----16161818

31.25----15.115.117.117.1

62.50----12.112.114.114.1

100.00----10101212

125.00--------1111

155.52--------10.110.1

175.00--------9.69.6

200.00--------99

250.00--------88

&A

ACR

Link ACR






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.1----70.8

4.00--40.047.7----59.5

8.00------------

10.00--35.039.4----51.0

16.00--30.034.5----46.1

20.00--28.032.0----43.7

25.00------------

31.25--23.026.6----38.4

62.50--13.016.7----29.0

100.00--4.08.7----21.4

125.00----------17.4

155.52----------13.1

175.00----------10.6

200.00----------7.7

250.00----------2.4

Channel ACR






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.8----70.4

4.00----46.1----58.9

8.00------------

10.00----37----50.0

16.00----31.4----44.9

20.00----28.7----42.3

25.00------------

31.25----22.9----36.7

62.50----12.1----26.5

100.00----3.1----18.2

125.00----------13.8

155.52----------9.0

175.00----------6.3

200.00----------3.0

250.00-----------2.8

&CACR

PS ACR

Link Power Sum ACR





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----56.1----68.4

4.00----44.7----57.0

8.00----------

10.00----36.4----48.4

16.00----31.5----43.5

20.00----29.0----41.0

25.00----------

31.25----23.6----35.7

62.50----13.7----26.2

100.00----5.7----18.6

125.00----------14.5

155.52----------10.2

175.00----------7.7

200.00----------4.8

250.00-----------0.5






(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.8----68.1

4.00----43.1----56.4

8.00----------

10.00----34----47.5

16.00----28.4----42.3

20.00----25.7----39.7

25.00------------

31.25----19.9----34.0

62.50----9.1----23.7

100.00----0.1----15.4

125.00----------10.9

155.52----------6.1

175.00----------3.4

200.00----------0.1

250.00-----------5.8

&A

Sheet9

&A

Page &P

Sheet10

&A

Page &P

Sheet11

&A

Page &P

Sheet12

&A

Page &P

Sheet13

&A

Page &P

Sheet14

&A

Page &P

Sheet15

&A

Page &P

Sheet16

&A

Page &P

Electrons in the air may be picked up by your radio or TV antenna and cause interference!Some electrons may fly into the air and eventually land on earth!

Signal-to-noise ratios (3)There are three quantities which affect signal-to-noise ratio (SNR):Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR).Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT).Return Loss.

Signal-to-noise ratio #1: ACRAttenuation to Crosstalk Ratio (ACR)Applicable to 2-wire pair LAN applications (10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX).Each wire pair carries signal in one direction only.

CharacteristicsEffects of ACRTransmitterReceiverReceiverTransmitterNICHubTransmitted SignalAttenuated SignalCoupled NEXT NoiseACRAttenuated SignalNEXT NoiseNICHUB

Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.Noise = NEXT + external noise (ignore external noise).(For LAN systems with two wire pairs carrying signalsin one direction each.)ACR = the traditional SNR

You need more signal (blue,pink) than NEXT (black) electrons!Look here and here!

Signal-to-noise ratio (ELFEXT)Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT).Applicable to applications where 2 or more signals travel in the same direction at the same time (1000BASE-T).

Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.Noise = FEXT + external noise (ignore external noise).TransmitOutputTransmitOutputReceiveInputReceiveInputWorkstationLANequipmentSignalFEXTExternalnoiseSignal(For LAN systems with two or more wire pairs carrying signals in the same direction at the same time.)Another S/N = ELFEXT

You need more signal (blue,pink) than FEXT (black) electrons!

Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.Noise = reflected signal in own wire pairTransmitOutputTransmitOutputReceiveInputReceiveInputWorkstationLANequipmentReturn loss(bump in electronic road)Signal(For LAN systems with a wire pair carrying signals in both directions at the same time.)Yet another S/N = Return Losshybridhybrid

Desired signal = attenuated signal from other end.Noise = reflected signal from own endTransmitOutputTransmitOutputReceiveInputReceiveInputWorkstationLANequipmentReturn loss signal (bump in electronic road)(For LAN systems with a wire pair carrying signals in both directions at the same time.)Yet another S/N = Return Losshybridhybrid

Power Sum PerformancePower sum performance is the sum of the pair-to-pair performance of the component or system.Power sum NEXT performance should meet or exceed the existing TIA pair-to-pair NEXT requirements.

What is power sum NEXT and power sum ELFEXT?Both are computed values from measured pair to pair NEXT or ELFEXT results:Power Sum NEXT computed from three pair-to-pair NEXT resultsPower Sum ELFEXT is computed from three pair-to-pair ELFEXT results

Often required when more than 2 wire pairs are transmitting signals in the same direction (1 Gbps Ethernet).

When are power sum NEXT and power sum ELFEXT needed?Often required when more than 2 wire pairs are transmitting signals in the same direction (1 Gbps Ethernet).Significant if 25-pair cables are used (split up in six 4-pair links).May also be used to reflect crosstalk between separate 4-pair cables in a cable bundle.

PS ELFEXTPS ELFEXT = -10log(10-x1/10 + 10-x2/10 + 10-x3/10) dB

Link PS ELFEXT

attenuation

Link Attenuation





PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.12.52.12.12.11.9

4.004.04.84.14.03.93.5

8.005.7--5.75.5--

10.006.37.56.16.36.25.6

16.008.29.47.88.27.87.1

20.009.210.58.79.28.87.9

25.0010.3--10.39.9--

31.2511.513.11111.511.110

62.5016.718.41616.71614.4

100.0021.623.220.621.620.718.5

125.00--------20.9

155.52--------23.6

175.00--------25.2

200.00------30.427.1

250.00--------30.7

Channel Attenuation





PDAM 3(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.002.5--2.52.52.12.2

4.004.5--4.54.544.2

8.006.3----6.35.7--

10.007--776.36.5

16.009.2--9.29.288.3

20.0010.3--10.310.399.3

25.0011.4----11.410.1--

31.2512.8--12.812.811.411.7

62.5018.5--18.518.516.516.9

100.0024--242421.221.7

125.00----------24.5

155.52----------27.6

175.00----------29.5

200.00--------32.231.7

&A

NEXT

Link NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.006054.061.264.273.572.7

4.0051.845.051.854.864.163

8.0047.1----50.059.4--

10.0045.539.045.548.557.856.6

16.0042.336.042.345.254.653.2

20.0040.735.040.743.753.151.6

25.0039.1----42.151.5--

31.2537.632.037.640.65048.4

62.5032.727.032.735.745.243.4

100.0029.324.029.332.341.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------36.934.8

250.00----------33.1

Channel NEXT





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.0060.0--60.363.372.772.7

4.0050.6--50.653.663.163

8.0045.6----48.658.2--

10.0044.0--4447.056.656.6

16.0040.6--40.643.653.253.2

20.0039.0--3942.051.651.6

25.0037.4----40.450--

31.2535.7--35.738.748.448.4

62.5030.6--30.633.643.443.4

100.0027.1--27.130.139.939.9

125.00----------38.3

155.52----------36.7

175.00----------35.8

200.00--------34.834.8

250.00----------33.1

&A

PS NEXT

Link Power Sum NEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----58.260.071.270.3

4.00----48.852.061.860.5

8.00------47.157--

10.00----42.545.655.554

16.00----39.342.252.250.6

20.00----37.740.750.749

25.00------39.149.1--

31.25----34.637.547.645.7

62.50----29.732.642.740.6

100.00----26.329.339.337.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------34.331.9

250.00----------30.2







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.36070.370.3

4.00----47.650.960.660.5

8.00------45.755.6--

10.00----4144.15454

16.00----37.640.650.650.6

20.00----36394949

25.00------37.347.4--

31.25----32.735.745.745.7

62.50----27.630.640.640.6

100.00----24.127.137.137.1

125.00----------35.4

155.52----------33.8

175.00----------32.9

200.00--------31.931.9

250.00----------30.2

&A

ELFEXT

Link ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.660.065.264.2

4.00----47.648.053.252.1

8.00------41.947.1--

10.00----39.640.045.244.2

16.00----35.535.941.140.1

20.00----33.634.039.238.1

25.00------32.037.2--

31.25----29.730.135.334.3

62.50----23.724.129.328.2

100.00----19.620.025.224.2

125.00----------22.2

155.52----------20.3

175.00----------19.3

200.00--------19.218.1

250.00----------16.2

Channel ELFEXT






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----5757.463.263.2

4.00----4545.351.251.2

8.00------39.345.2--

10.00----3737.443.243.2

16.00----32.933.339.139.1

20.00----3131.437.237.2

25.00------29.435.3--

31.25----27.127.533.333.3

62.50----21.121.527.327.3

100.00----1717.423.223.2

125.00----------21.3

155.52----------19.4

175.00----------18.4

200.00--------17.217.2

250.00----------15.3

&A

PS ELFEXT







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.057.062.261.2

4.00----45.045.050.249.1

8.00------38.944.1--

10.00----37.037.042.241.2

16.00----32.932.938.137.1

20.00----31.031.036.235.1

25.00------29.034.2--

31.25----27.127.132.231.3

62.50----21.121.126.325.2

100.00----17.017.022.221.2

125.00----------19.2

155.52----------17.3

175.00----------16.3

200.00--------16.215.1

250.00----------13.2







Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.454.460.260.2

4.00----42.442.448.248.2

8.00------36.342.2--

10.00----34.434.440.240.2

16.00----30.330.336.136.1

20.00----28.428.434.234.2

25.00------26.432.3--

31.25----24.524.530.330.3

62.50----18.518.524.324.3

100.00----14.414.420.220.2

125.00----------18.3

155.52----------16.4

175.00----------15.4

200.00--------14.214.2

250.00----------12.3

&A

Return Loss

Link Return Loss






Freq. (MHz)

1.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

4.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

8.00--18.017.017.019.019.0

10.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

16.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

20.00--15.017.017.019.019.0

25.00--10.016.316.318.318.3

31.25--10.015.615.617.617.6

62.50--10.013.513.515.515.5

100.00--10.012.112.114.114.1

125.00--------13.413.4

155.52--------12.812.8

175.00--------12.412.4

200.00--------1212

250.00--------11.311.3

Channel Return Loss






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----17171919

4.00----17171919

8.00----17171919

10.00----17171919

16.00----17171919

20.00----17171919

25.00----16161818

31.25----15.115.117.117.1

62.50----12.112.114.114.1

100.00----10101212

125.00--------1111

155.52--------10.110.1

175.00--------9.69.6

200.00--------99

250.00--------88

&A

ACR

Link ACR






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----59.1----70.8

4.00--40.047.7----59.5

8.00------------

10.00--35.039.4----51.0

16.00--30.034.5----46.1

20.00--28.032.0----43.7

25.00------------

31.25--23.026.6----38.4

62.50--13.016.7----29.0

100.00--4.08.7----21.4

125.00----------17.4

155.52----------13.1

175.00----------10.6

200.00----------7.7

250.00----------2.4

Channel ACR






Freq. (MHz)

1.00----57.8----70.4

4.00----46.1----58.9

8.00------------

10.00----37----50.0

16.00----31.4----44.9

20.00----28.7----42.3

25.00------------

31.25----22.9----36.7

62.50----12.1----26.5

100.00----3.1----18.2

125.00----------13.8

155.52----------9.0

175.00----------6.3

200.00----------3.0

250.00-----------2.8

&CACR

PS ACR

Link Power Sum ACR





(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----56.1----68.4

4.00----44.7----57.0

8.00----------

10.00----36.4----48.4

16.00----31.5----43.5

20.00----29.0----41.0

25.00----------

31.25----23.6----35.7

62.50----13.7----26.2

100.00----5.7----18.6

125.00----------14.5

155.52----------10.2

175.00----------7.7

200.00----------4.8

250.00-----------0.5






(Tokyo 92A)

Freq. (MHz)

1.00----54.8----68.1

4.00----43.1----56.4

8.00----------

10.00----34----47.5

16.00----28.4----42.3

20.00----25.7----39.7

25.00------------

31.25----19.9----34.0

62.50----9.1----23.7

100.00----0.1----15.4

125.00----------10.9

155.52----------6.1

175.00----------3.4

200.00----------0.1

250.00-----------5.8

&A

Sheet9

&A

Page &P

Sheet10

&A

Page &P

Sheet11

&A

Page &P

Sheet12

&A

Page &P

Sheet13

&A

Page &P

Sheet14

&A

Page &P

Sheet15

&A

Page &P

Sheet16

&A

Page &P

Backbone Cabling Distance

Backbone Cabling Distance is dependent upon fiber type and location.

The chart above shows the maximum distances and where in the backbone they apply.

21

Documents

Tranmission Line