Transactional Analysis

Chapter-2Transaction Analysis

Transaction analysis

Transaction analysis commonly known as TA is an integrative approach to the theory of psychology and psychotherapy. It has elements of psychoanalytic, humanist and cognitive approaches.

Transactional Analysis is a theory of personality and behavior. It is a systematic tool for personal growth and development, intra psychic functioning and interpersonal behavior. It is system of techniques designed to help people understand and change their feelings and behaviors. It gives a picture of how people are structures psychologically. It also provides a theory of communication.

In 1958 Eric Berne, an American psychiatrist, formulated this theory. The philosophy of transactional analysis begins with an assumption that we are all ok. We have a basic core, which is lovable and has the potential and desire for growth and self-actualization. We have the capacity to think, to decide our own destiny and these decisions can be changed. People gain both emotional and intellectual insight through transactional analysis.

Application of TA:-

1. TA describes how people are structured. It uses the ego states model to do this. This same model helps in explaining how people function and express their personality.

2. It is a theory of communication that can be extended to the analysis of the system and organizations.

3. It offers a theory of child development by explaining how our adult patterns of life originated in child hood. This explanation is based on the idea of “life Script”.

4. In Practical application, it can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of many types of psychological disorder, and provides a method of therapy for individuals, couple families and groups.

5. TA has been used in education to help teachers remain in clear communication at an appropriate level, in counseling and consultancy, in management and communication training and by other bodies.

Ego States:

Ego states is one of the most important concept of transaction analysis Each of our personalities is made up of various parts: the Parent, the Adult, and the Child ego states.

Parent Ego State The Parent ego state is a set of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are learned or “borrowed” from our parents or other caretakers. The Parent ego state can be divided into two functions. One part includes the nurturing side and can be soft, loving, and permission giving. This is called the Nurturing Parent ego state. It can also set limits in a healthy way. The other side of the Parent ego state is called the Critical Parent. (It is also sometimes called the Prejudiced Parent.)

a) Critical Parent: In critical parent people manifest themselves as disappointed, aggrieved, feeling always right patronizing, controlling judgmental, authoritarian, putting down others.

b) Nurturing Parent: In nurturing parent people act loving, caring, concerned, understanding, supportive encouraging, and reassuring.

This part of our personality contains the prejudged thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that we learned from our parents. It is useful for us to sort out what information we carry around in our heads so we can keep the part that helps us in our lives and change the part that does not.

Adult ego state: The adult ego state is not related to a person’s age. It is oriented towards the current reality and the objective gathered form of information. An adult functions as a computer, process data, organize information, estimate probabilities, and make logical statements which are confident, reality based, open minded, and provide non judgmental feedback. It organizes adaptable and intelligent functions by testing reliability, estimating probabilities and make logical statements.

3) Child Ego State: A state in which people behave, feel and think similarly like a child. For example, a person who receives a poor evaluation at work may respond by looking at the floor, and crying or pouting, as they used to when scolded as a child. Conversely, a person who receives a good evaluation may respond with a broad smile and a joyful gesture of thanks. The Child is the source of emotions, creation, recreation, spontaneity and intimacy.

Child ego state is also of two categories:

a) Adapted Child: An adapted child exhibits behavior of compliance, recurrent parent behavior, please others and obeys his elders.

b) Rebellious child: A rebellious child is always complaining, disobeys, throws temper tantrums, feels bored and distract.

How to Tell What Ego State You Are Using

There are several ways to tell what ego state you are (or someone else is) using. Pay attention to tone of voice, body posture, gestures, choice of words, and emotional state. If the tone of voice is soft and soothing, this is a sign that the speaker is using a Nurturing Parent ego state. If, on the other hand, the tone is harsh and critical or threatening, then the speaker is probably using a Critical Parent ego state. An even and clear tone of voice usually comes from an Adult ego state, while an especially cheerful or emotion-laden tone of voice is likely to be coming from the Free Child. The Adapted Child may sound either whiney or like a good girl (or boy) saying just what is expected of her or him.

Similarly, there are gestures that signify that someone is using Parent (the warning, wagging finger), Adult (thoughtful expression, nodding head), or Child (jumping up and down). The Parent is most likely to use expressions such as “Pay attention now” or “You should always do it this way,” while language belongs to the Adult ego state is likely to sound even handed. (“This information might be useful to you”) or simply factual (“Will you tell me what time it is?”).

The Child is most likely to use short expressive words like “WOW!” “Yeah!” or “Let's go!” When you pay attention to these behaviors and to how you feel, you will be able to tell what ego state you or someone else is using.

Transaction:-One of the most important concepts of TA is transactions. Transactions are about how people interact with each other, specifically, which ego state in me is talking to which ego state in you. You may have noticed that sometimes communication continues in a straight forward, easy way that seems to go smoothly. But at other times, things seem to get all jumbled up, confusing, unclear, and unsatisfying. An understanding of transactions can help you to keep your communication with others as clear as you would like it to be.

Kinds of Transactions:-There are basically three kinds of transaction:

Straight transactions (or complementary transactions)

Crossed Transaction

Ulterior/Duplex/covert

Straight Transactions (or complementary Transaction):-

These occur when the message sent or the behavior exhibited by one person’s ego states receives the appropriate or expected response from the other person’s ego state. These transactions meet the needs and expectations of the initiators, communication flow freely, interaction will continue as interpersonal relations will improve. Therefore there is no space for conflict in complimentary transactions.

Example 1: A: "Have you been able to write the report?"

B: "Yes - I'm about to email it to you." ---- (This exchange was Adult to Adult).

Example 2: A: "Would you like to skip this meeting and go watch a film with me instead?"

B: "I'd love to - I don't want to work anymore, what should we go and see?"

(Child to Child).

Example 3: A: "You should have your room tidy by now!" (Parent to Child)

B: "Will you stop hassling me? I'll do it eventually!" (Child to Parent). Communication like this can continue indefinitely. (Clearly it will stop at some stage - but this psychologically balanced exchange of strokes can continue for some time).

Crossed Transaction:-

These occur when the message sent and behavior exhibited by first person under one ego states, but the response from the other person is under the different ego state.

There are many possible crossed transactions than there are complimentary transactions. Crossed transactions are the source of many inter-personal conflicts in an organization. The result can be hurt feelings and frustrations on the part of the parties involved and possible dysfunctional consequences for the organization.

Example 1a: A: "Have you been able to write that report?" (Adult to Adult)

B: "Will you stop hassling me? I'll do it eventually!" (Child to Parent) is a crossed transaction likely to produce problems in the workplace. A may respond with a Parent to Child transaction. For instance: A: "If you don't change your attitude, you'll get fired.

"Example 2a: A: "Is your room tidy yet?" (Parent to Child)

B: "I'm just going to do it, actually." (Adult to Adult) is a more positive crossed transaction. There is however the risk that A will feel aggrieved that B is acting responsibly and not playing their role, and the conversation will develop into: A: "I can never trust you to do things!" (Parent to Child) B: "Why don't you believe anything I say?" (Adult to Adult), which can continue indefinitely?

Ulterior transaction:-

When a transaction has a hidden message and it hooks the ego states, the hidden message was going for not the one that the overt message aims at. The ulterior message is more important to the sender than the overt message. The ulterior transactions involve at least two ego states on the part of the first person. These transaction are the most difficult to identify and deal with.

Example A: "I need you to stay late at the office with me." (Adult words), body language indicates sexual intent (flirtatious Child)

B: "Of course." (Adult response to Adult statement), winking or grinning (Child accepts the hidden motive).

Johori Window:-

A very popular descriptive framework for analyzing the dynamics of interpersonal behavior has been the johori window. It was developed by Joseph Loft and Harry Ingham.

This model is particularly useful in analyzing interpersonal conflict. This is a conceptual framework for studying interpersonal awareness and for analyzing the dynamics of the interaction between self and others.

The johori window is used in consulting to depict the leadership personality, not over all personality, as it is sometimes used. In this type of leadership personality includes self-perception and the perception of others. However, leadership style consists of only individual behavior as perceived by others, that is, supervisors, employees, associate and so on. Thus, leadership personality equals self-perception by others.

D I S C L O S U R E

Four cells of Johari window

The person Knows about himself or herself

The person knows about the other

The person doesn’t know about the other

Open self Hidden self

The Person doesn’t know about him or herself

Blind self Undiscovered self

F

E

E

D

B

A

C

K

Open self:-

The person knows about himself or herself and about the other. There would generally be openness and compatibility and little reason to be defensive.

Hidden self:-

The person understands him or herself but doesn’t know about the other person. The result is that the person remains hidden from others because of the fear of how others might react.

Blind self:-

The person knows about the others but not about himself or herself. The person may be unintentionally irritating to the other. The other could tell the person, but may be fearful of hurting the person’s feelings. There is potential interpersonal conflict in this situation.

Undiscovered self:-

This is potentially the most explosive situation. The person doesn’t know about him or herself and doesn’t know about the other. There is much misunderstanding and interpersonal conflict is almost sure to result.

Exercises and case study

Answer the following:

Q1.what is transaction analysis and its application?

Q2.what is PAC model? Describe briefly?

Q3.How to identify the ego state one acquires?

Q4. Explain transaction concept with its types?

Q5. What is the difference between cross transaction and ulterior transaction?

Q6. Explain Johari window and its matrix?

Fill in the blanks:

1. The part of the person’s personality which is authoritative is _________________.

2. People act loving, caring, and concerned in _____________ parent.

3. The part of the person’s personality which is mature, rational and objective is ________.

4. Child people always complaining, disobey, throws temper tantrum, is _______________ ego state.

5. There is no space for conflict in ______________ transaction.

6. The stimulus and response line are parallel in _____________ transaction.

7. The transaction which meets the needs of the customer is _______________.

8. The stimulus and response lines are crossed in ____________ transaction.

9. Transaction which involves at least two ego states is ______________.

10. The most complex and subtle transaction is _________________.

11. The conceptual framework which is used to depict leadership personality ______________.

12. The person knows himself but doesn’t know about the other is ______________.

13. The person doesn’t knows about himself and doesn’t know about the other is _________________.

14. The person may be unintentionally irritating to the other, when he comes under _______________.

15. Is a theory of personality and behavior _________________

Personal Styles Questionnaire

Instructions: For each statement, allocate a score to show how much the behaviour is like the way you behave:

Agree X disagreeScore:

1. tell people firmly how they should behave2. tend to reason things out before acting3. I do as I'm told4. I behave sympathetically towards people with problems5. I really enjoy being with other people6. I enjoy taking care of people7. I enjoy solving problems in a systematic and logical way8. I tell people what to do9. I let people know how I really feel without embarrassment10. I am polite and courteous11. I do the opposite to what people expect12. When someone is new, I make an effort to show them where everything is.13. I can stay calm in a crisis14. When I know I'm right, I insist that others listen to me15. I ask a lot of questions when I'm curious16. I get quite a kick out of my work17. People seem to expect me to know the answer18. I'm asked to take care of new members of staff19. I get on well with people who are polite to me20. I keep on thinking logically even under pressure21. My working style is systematic and logical22. I dress to match the sort of outfits that other people wear to work23. I do things for people when I think they can't manage for themselves24. I can quote my previous experience when problems occur25. People tell me I'm creative and inventive26. I prefer to take control rather than follow someone else's lead27. I fuss over people too much28. I'm over emotional compared to others29. I expect my Manager to set my terms of reference30. I take all points of view into account when making decisions31. I encourage people to test out their own capabilities32. People complain that I'm bossy33. I spend time enjoying myself34. People tell me I'm especially courteous35. I'm noted for my even temper and balanced comments36. I show my feelings whether I am happy or sad, so that people can congratulate or

sympathise with me37. I've looked after someone even though they could have managed on their own38. I'm tempted to analyse jobs, which spoils things for others39. People do as I tell them40. I go along too readily with what other people want Scoring

Case Study: When the CEO of a family firm gets into a role conflict. In a family leather business, there is Mr. Jaiprakash Sinha who was an entrepreneur in 1980. as year went by his business grows rapidly and he hired a professional manager named Kamal Agarwal for understanding the scenario and helping in growing business.

Kamal Agarwal properly handles the work and Mr. Jaiprakash became dependent on him after few years. Due to conceptual skills of Kamal he builds a team which is actively working for the organization. After few years, Mr. Jaiprakash included his son Sonu Sinha who was an MBA. Mr. Kamal Agarwal wanted to convert the sole proprietorship organization into a corporate by understanding the present market situation, but Sonu Sinha is not agreeing with it. Mr. Kamal Agarwal then takes this proposal to Jaiprakash Sinha and he also didn’t accepted and tells them to improve its policy. Mr. Kamal Agarwal wants to discuss more but Jaiprakash didn’t give time to him. Now Kamal Agarwal feeling lonely in the organization and he wondered whether he had made mistake to join this organization.

Case Study: - Johari Window

James emery was the father of four children. He had been raised in a hard working immigrant family. Needs for achievement and power were developed while growing up. Now he found himself in a low paying, dead end, assembly line job with a large manufacturing firm. It was all he could do to get through the day, so he started daydreaming on the job. On pay day he would often go to get tavern across the street and generally spent a lot of money. The next day he would not only be hang over but would become very depressed because he knew that his wife could not make ends meet and his children often went without the basic essentials.

One day he wouldn’t take it any longer. At first he thought of going to his boss for some help and advice, but he really didn’t understand himself well enough, and he certainly didn’t know or trust his boss enough to openly discuss his problems with him. Instead he went to his union steward and told him about his financial problems and how much he hated his job. The Stewart told James exactly what he wanted to hear. This dam company is the source of all your problems. The working condition is not suited for a slave, let alone us. The pay also stinks, we are all going to have to stick together when our present contract runs out and gets what we deserve better working condition and more money.

1. Explain James behavior in terms of the frustration model?

2. State a specific example of role conflict in this case?

3. What style from Johari window can explain Jamer’s relationship with his boss? With his union steward?

4. What type of conflict resolution strategy is the union steward suggesting? Do you think the real problems facing James are working conditions and pay? Why or why not?

5. What, if anything, can be done to help James Emerys of the world? keep your answer in human resource management

Answers:

Fill in the blanks-

1. Parent ego

2. Nurturing 12.Hidden self

3. Adult ego 13.Undiscovered Self

4. Rebellion 14.Blind Self

5. Complementary 15.Transactional Analysis

6. Complementary

7. Complementary

8. Cross

9. Ulterior

10. Ulterior

11. Johari window Hidden self

Life Positions

Introduction:

Life position is defined as a general feeling about life (especially unconscious feeling) that colors every dyadic. Life positions represent basic beliefs about self and others, which are used to justify decisions and behavior.

For example, suppose we were picked on and bullied as a child. We learnt that the way to get by was to bully others and that way we felt stronger and in control. Our behavior then comes into “I am OK” and “you are not OK” quadrant. Of course this may cover up our belief that we are really not OK, but nobody sees that. They just see our behavior and in fact we may have forgotten all our negative feelings about ourselves as we have tried so hard to deny the pain of believing we are not OK.

These life positions are perceptions of the world. The reality is I am what I am and you are who you are, therefore how I view myself and others are just that "views" not fact. However, we tend to act as if they are a fact. Just like when somebody says "I can't do this, I'm useless". Rather than “I don't know how to do this. Will you show me?" There are a number of ways of diagramming the life positions. This is shown as follows:

Four Life positions:

Types of Life Position:

Age 5Estrangement

Cel

lula

r birt

h co

ncep

tion

Phy

sica

l birt

h br

eath

ing

Psy

chol

ogic

al b

irth

stro

king

Soc

ial b

irth

scho

ol

1. "I'm Not OK, You're OK" (I-U+) 2. "I'm Not OK, You're Not OK" (I-U-) 3. "I'm OK, You're Not OK" (I+U-) 4. "I'm OK, You're OK" (I+U+)

1.) I’ m OK–You are not OK (I+U-):

It is the status where a person feels that he or she is best in whatever he or she does and believes that other person does not stand to his way in any case.

The person with ‘I’ attitude thinks that there is something wrong with the other person.

I+U- reflect the paranoid position of life in which ‘I’ represents lack of trust in the person.

2.) I’m OK-You are OK (I+U+):

This position of (I+U+) shows the compatibility of the person which reflects the good life position as well as mutual understanding in which the person feels that if he is OK with himself or herself and others and with this position a person leads to a good life and believes that good things happen in his/her life.

The person is in a mode to trust other too.

3.) I’m not OK-You are not OK (I-U-):

The position in which a person believe that if he /she is not OK the other or the whole world is not right this behavior of person gets irritated and reflect to futile position.

In this mode neither the person wants to listen nor he/she wants to change him (I-U-) shows no hope.

‘I’ can never be OK nor you give me what ‘I’ need.

4.) I’m not OK-you are OK (I-U+):

This type of person doesn’t realize their credibility and the more important they don’t believe in themselves due to shyness on other factors, and believe on others.

This type of behavior leads a dependent nature and reflects to a depressive position and feels to get away from others or to hide him/her.

If we putting our self down because we feel that other person is OK in doing everything and I’m not then other person might get annoyed about or lack of self confidence.

Matrix: 4-OK’s

Depressive position

Futile position

Good life positionParanoid position

The better approach is to relate yourself with (I+U+) position as much as possible by which you can trust and respect not only yourself but others too.

Strokes:-

Eric Berne defined a stroke as a “unit of human recognition”. A stroke can be a look,

(I+U-)

(I-U-)

(I+U+)

(I-U+)

It’s a nod, a smile, a spoken word, a touch. Any time one human being does something to recognize another human being, which is a stroke. Babies need strokes to survive.

Strokes can be positive or negative. Most of us like positive strokes better than negative ones. It feels better to hear “I love you” than to hear “I hate you.” But when children are not able to get positive strokes, they will make their best effort to get the negative ones, since negative strokes are better than no strokes at all. This is the reason that some people grow up being more comfortable with negative stroking.

For example: People often create pressure in or experience pressure from others to communicate in a way that matches their style, so that a boss who talks to his staff as a controlling parent will often engender self-abasement or other childlike responses. Those employees who resist may get removed or labeled as "trouble".

Transactions can be experienced as positive or negative depending on the nature of the strokes within them. However, a negative transaction is preferred to no transaction at all, because of a fundamental hunger for strokes.

Types of strokes

Strokes can also be unconditional or conditional:

Unconditional strokes: are those that come to us just for being. They are a very rich kind of strokes. Babies who get lots of positive, unconditional strokes really thrive. And adults who have a good base of positive unconditional stroking thrive as well.

Conditional Strokes: Conditional strokes are given for what we do, for what we accomplish, or for a particular trait that we happen to possess. Thus, they are based on some condition. Conditional strokes can fill important needs. If I sing well, or get a good grade, or do a good deed, and someone recognizes me for that, they are giving me a positive conditional stroke. If people tell me that I am pretty or that they like my dress, they are giving me a positive conditional stroke. These strokes can feel very good and they fill us up in different ways than do positive unconditional strokes.

Games people play:

In life, we all play games by switching our roles from one ego state to another ego state which consists of (PAC) model i.e.: Parent, Adult, and Child. As we know, life is a game and it suffers with lots of twist and turns and these twists and turns make a game according to the situation. We deal with the game such as competitive games, power games etc and the only thing we don’t analyze is our behavior in PAC model.

A person plays games or deal with the situation when there are two or more than two people involve in it.

A game is a series of transactions that is complementary (reciprocal), ulterior, and proceeds towards a predictable outcome. Games are often characterized by a switch in roles of players towards the end. Games are usually played by Parent, Adult and Child ego states, and games usually have a fixed number of players; however, an individual's role can shift, and people can play multiple roles.

Each game has a payoff for those playing it, such as the aim of earning sympathy, satisfaction, or some other emotion that usually reinforces the life script. The antitheses of a game, that is, the way to break it, lies in discovering how to deprive the actors of their payoff.

Games are set or pattern of transactions that have surface logic but hidden meaning and an attempt to drawing in an unsuspecting participant. The outcome of the games is always a

win - lose proposition.

Analysis of a game

One important aspect of a game is its number of players. Games may be two handed (that is, played by two players), three handed (that is, played by three players), or many handed. Three other quantitative variables are often useful to consider for games:

Flexibility: The ability of the players to change the currency of the game (that is, the tools they use to play it). In a flexible game, players may shift from words, to money, to parts of the body.

Tenacity: The persistence with which people play and stick to their games and their resistance to breaking it.

Intensity: Easy games are games played in a relaxed way. Hard games are games played in a tense and aggressive way.

Based on the degree of acceptability and potential harm, games are classified as:

First Degree Games are socially acceptable in the players' social circle. Second Degree Games are games that the players would like to conceal, though they may not

cause irreversible damage. Third Degree Games are games that could lead to drastic harm to one or more of the parties

concerned.

Some commonly found games are:

Some of the games given by Berne:

1- Why don’t you/ yes but:-

2- Alcoholic

3- Rackets

1- Why don’t you/ yes but: - this is the most common game which we play by default in our life whenever someone ask or judge ourselves with this question “why don’t you”? , that particular time if our reason is not strong enough then we commonly say “yes but….”

2- Alcoholic: - most of the people also deal with an alcoholic factor. Apart from continuously playing the actual games in life a person also concentrates more on alcoholic and acquires the role of descry which also suffers from various difficulties and most of the time loses control.

Former alcoholics are preferred because they know how the games go and hence also knows better to deal with situation .

3- Rackets:-The games deal with permitted feeling. It originates from childhood rather than adult thinking which are employed as a way to manipulate the environment to match the script rather than to actually solve the problem.

Here are some others games described in Games People Play by Eric Berne which we play mostly in our life:

YDYB: Why Don't You, Yes But. Historically, the first game discovered. IFWY: If It Weren't For You WAHM: Why does this Always Happen to Me? SWYMD: See What You Made Me Do UGMIT: You Got Me Into This LHIT: Look How Hard I've Tried ITHY: I'm Only Trying to Help You

Some exercises and case study

Answer the following:

Q 1: what is life position?

Q 2: what are the types of life positions?

Q 3: which life position relates you better and why?

Q4: Why strokes are said to be the unit of human recognition?

Q5: What are the types of strokes? What is its prone and crones?

Q6: why some people grow up being more comfortable with negative stroking?

Q7: Define games? What is the role of games in life?

Q8: Is life is really a game, as most of the time people use to say that Life is a game?

Q9: Explain any 2 of the games people play?

Q10: which will be the suitable outcome for game?

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The general feeling of life is called ___.

2. .life positions are of __ types.

3. Life positions are also known as __ .

4. In __life position feels best in himself and not believe to others .

5. I’m ok –you are ok reflecting the __ position.

6. The paranoid position is the reflection of __ .

7. In which position the person neither want to neither change nor listen to others __.

8. I’m not ok you are ok is the reflection of __.

9. __ approach is better for good life position.

10. The futile position reflects __

11. One human being does something to recognize another human being that is a ___

12.____ is rich kind of strokes.

13._____ type of strokes fills important needs.

14. In _____ stroking Giving praise is a powerful motivation technique.

15. The outcome of the games is always a ____ proposition.

16. ____are set or pattern of transactions that have surface logic but hidden meaning.

17. Games are series of____

18._____ The ability of the players to change the currency of the game.

True or false:

1. The feelings about the life refer to the life positions.

2. 4- OK’s are the part of life positions.

3. I-, U- is the position of thorough hopelessness and despair.

4. I am OK, you are not OK is what the person accepts others in spite of their shortcomings and feels OK about him despite not being perfect

5. I am not OK, you are OK is Recognized by attitudes of depression, powerlessness and inferiority.

6. Negative stroking can hurt people in some way

7. The recognition, attention or responsiveness that one person gives is not a part of stroking.

8. Transaction only depends on nature of strokes.

9. The outcome of the games is always a win - win proposition.

10. Games are the series of transactions.

Case study

Annette, who had worked as a nurse before she married, decided that it was time to go back to work. Her three children were in elementary and middle school and her husband had full-time job, so that she is by herself for long hours during the day. She begins to feel depressed and jealous of everyone else’s active lives. So she took a position in a hospital working three afternoons and on Saturday each week.

At first her husband Gary resisted, “why did she need to go to work?” He asked. They didn’t really need the money and the Gary like to know that she would be at home when he came back from work. He wasn’t used to take the kids of their activities after school. Plus Saturday used to be his day to hang out with his friends from work. Annette insisted that she had to get back to work-her mental health and happiness depended on it.

The first month was terrible. Annette wondered is she was doing the right thing and Gary used every trick in the book to lure her back to the house. But there was no denying the value of this job for Annette’s self-confidence. her renewed feeling of personal identity and her ability to return to the energy and enthusiasm for her husband, children’s and family life. Gary began to get more involved in the children’s lives and actually looked forward to the Saturdays they spent together. Soon the children began

to see their mother in a new light, as a professional who took care of others people as well as them. They also felt a new surge of independence .they both lives a good life as a result of Annette’s self-confidence and Gary’s new level of involvement in the lives of the children.

Case analysis

1. What are the obstacles to continued growth for Annette in this case?2. How does Annette’s decision lead to new opportunities for growth for Gary and her children?3. What are some alternatives that Annette might have considered that could have satisfied her

needs for continued growth and perhaps been less disruptive for her family?4. Imagine that Gary had been one looking for the same structure-perhaps going into business for

him. What types of changes might this have caused in the family?

Exercise for life position

Fill in the blanks

1. Life position

2. 4

3. Ok model

4. I+ u-

5. Good life

6. I+u-

7. Futile position

8. Depressive position

9. I+u+

10. I-U-

11. Strokes

12. Unconditional

13. Condition

14. Positive

15. Win-lose

16. Games

17. Transaction

18. Flexibility

True and false

1. True 9.false

2. True 10.true

3. True

4. True

5. True

6. True

7. False

8. False

Reference:

1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/transactional_analysis2. www.psychology4all.com/ta.htm3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/strokes4. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I’m_ok,_You’re_ok5. www.internet-of-the-mind.com/im_ok.html6. www.paulstips.com/Brainbox/pt/home.nsf/link/13082006-understanding-the-games-people-

play

Books:

1. organizational behavior-Fred luthans2. essential of organizational behavior-M N Mishra