TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM Liew Woei Song Muhammad Hofiz Achoson

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM

Liew Woei Song

Muhammad Hofiz Achoson

INTRODUCTIONTransaction Processing System

WHAT IS A TPS?

• an information system designed to process routine business transactions

• seeks time- and cost-efficiency by automating repetitive operations in large volumes

• interfaces with an organization’s other information systems, such as IRS, DSS, EIS

• centers around accounting and finance transactions

• e.g,, airline reservation systems, order entry/processing systems, bank’s account processing systems

examples of transaction processing systems

The components of a transaction processing system, including:1. users of the information system as belonging to the same organization that owns the transaction processing system2. participants as the people who conduct the information processing3. people from the environment becoming participants in real time systems as they directly enter transactions and perform validationExamples of real time transaction processing, including:1. reservation systems; 2. point of sale terminal;3. library loansExamples of batch processing, including:1. clearing of presented cheques; 2. generation of bills;3. systems that appear real time, computerising transactions as they occur, but actual updating is processed in batch, such as credit card transactions.

CHARACTERISTICTransaction Processing System

PERFORMANCEFast performance with a rapid

response time is critical. Transaction processing systems are usually

measured by the number of transactions they can process in a

given period of time.

RELIABILITYThe system must be available

during the time period when the users are entering transactions.

Many organizations rely heavily on their TPS; a breakdown will disrupt

operations or even stop the business.

DATA INTEGRITYThe system must be able to handle

hardware or software problems without corrupting data. Multiple

users must be protected from attempting to change the same

piece of data at the same time, for example two operators cannot sell

the same seat on an airplane.

EASE OF USEOften users of transaction

processing systems are casual users. The system should be simple

for them to understand, protect them from data-entry errors as

much as possible, and allow them to easily correct their errors.

MODULAR GROWTH

The system should be capable of growth at incremental costs, rather

than requiring a complete replacement. It should be possible

to add, replace, or update hardware and software components without

shutting down the system.

TYPETransaction Processing System

REAL-TIME PROCESSING

Transactions may be collected and processed as in batch processing.

Transactions will be collected and later updated as a batch when it's convenient or economical to process them.

Historically, this was the most common method as the information technology did not exist to allow real-time processing.

This is the immediate processing of data.

It provides instant confirmation of a transaction.

It may involve a large number of users who are simultaneously performing transactions which change data.

Because of advances in technology, real-time updating is possible.

BATCH PROCESSING

For video

storing/retrieving in transaction processing systems

Storage of data in relational and flat-file databases in digital form as it has the ability to manipulate, store and retrieve along with process and display with digital technology. Data, is for large companies collected in batched format

Retrieval of stored data to conduct further transaction is usually warehoused.

Sequential, indexed sequential and hashed files generally store the data in databases.

Transaction Processing Systems


Sequential data storage are data records one after the other in entry or key field order, header stores and field order of each record in a data dictionary with a search completed using either binary or linear.

Indexed sequential data storage are records stored in any order and with a separate index file, keeping matching key field items with the records position. This is faster, but continual updates to index file requires two files which must be maintained.

Hashed file storage will divide the disk space into numbered locations, with key field. At the time that they are divided by the total locations a remainder is provided as storage location.



data warehousing is the collection of data from a range of data sources.


Data InputData Input Data ProcessingData Processing Output GenerationOutput Generation

Data StorageData Storage

A Transaction Processing Model

Barcode ScannerPOSTPS

UPC

ProductDB

InventoryDB

InformationReporting System

Customer Receipt

ExceptionReports

UPC Price

UPC &Quantity

Product, Quantity,Date, Time, Price

POS(Point Of Sale) TPSPOS(Point Of Sale) TPS

PurchasingDB

Quantity,Date,Time

TransactionData

DataProcessing

Trans.File

NewMasterFileOld

MasterFile

Documents/Reports

Batch Processing

On-line Processing

On-lineDataProcessing

Documents/Reports

TransactionData

Inquiries/Reponses

TransactionData

TransactionData

TPS APPLICATIONS

• Order Processing

• Purchasing

• Accounts Receivables & Accounts Payables

• Receiving & Shipping

• Inventory on Hand

• Payroll

• General Ledgers

IS 533 - Transactions 22

TRANSACTION STATES AND ADDITIONAL OPERATIONS(CONTINUED)

ACTIVE PARTIALLYCOMMITTED

FAILD TERMINATED

COMMITTED

BEGINTRANSACTION

ENDTRANSACTION COMMIT

ABORTABORT

Figure 19.4 State transition diagram illustrating the states for transaction execution

READ/WRITE

RECOVERY PROCEDURETransaction Processing System

WHY RECOVERY NEED?

• There is various reason leak fail transaction :

Computer failure

Transaction error

Concurrent control enforcement

Physical problem

A hardware, software, or network error occurs in the computer system during transaction execution.

Some operations in the transaction may cause it to fail

The concurrency control method may decide to abort the transaction.

Natural disaster ,theft , fire ,etc

HOW SYSTEM RECOVERY THE TRANSACTION?

• TPS will go through recovery of database which involve backup, journal, checkpoint, and recovery manager

• Journal: contain transaction logs and database change logs

• Checkpoint: consists of the transaction start, terminate, commit or abort