Transformer Overload Protection System

8/9/2019 Transformer Overload Protection System

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TRANSFORMER OVERLOAD PROTECTION SYSTEM


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The microcontroller architecture is applied to a power transformer in particular,

for the realization of the protective overload system, integrated on the proposed multi

agent system.

The transformer is one of the simplest of electrical devices, yet

transformer designs and materials continue to be improved. Transformers are essential for

high voltage power transmission, which makes long distance transmission economically

practical.

ABSTRACT


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OVER VIEW OF THE PRESENTATION

Introduction

Power Supply

Rectifiers & Regulators

Voltage Divider

Microcontroller

Timers

Relays

Conclusion


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TRANSFO-RMER

STEPDOWN

TRANSFO-

RMER

AC TO DCCONVERT

ER

LOAD

PROTECTO

R/

CHANGE

OVER

RELAYLOAD

VOLTAGE

DIVIDERMICRO

CONTROL-

LER

Block Diagram for Protection of Transformer

PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER :


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LINEAR POWER SUPPLY:

tep Down

Transformer

Rectifier Filter

Regulator Filter

230V AC

Mains

5 V DC


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RECTIFIERS & REGULATORS

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct

current (DC), a process known as rectification

Full Wave Rectifier

Full Wave Centre Tapped Rectifier

Regulators:

Regulator (automatic control), a device which has the function ofmaintaining a designated characteristic. A voltage regulator is an electrical

regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.

Rectifiers:


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VOLTAGE DIVIDER

A voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a simple linear circuit that produces

an output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin). Voltage division refers to the

partitioning of a voltage among the components of the divider.

Applying Ohm's Law, the relationship between the input voltage, Vin, and the output voltage, Vout,

can be found:

V Out =Z

2_____________

Z Z2 1

Vin.+


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RESISTIVE DIVIDER:

V Out =R

2_____________

R R2 1Vin.

+

Simple resistive voltage divider

A resistive divider is a special case where both

impedances, Z1 and Z2, are purely resistive (Figure 4.1).

Substituting Z1 = R1 and Z2 = R2 into the previous

expression gives:


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LOW-PASS RC FILTER:

.

This divider will then have the voltage ratio:

The ratio then depends on frequency, in this

case decreasing as frequency increases. This circuit is,

in fact, a basic (first-order) low pass filter. The ratio

contains an imaginary number, and actually contains

both the amplitude andphase shift information of the

filter.


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Inductive dividers split DC input according to resistive divider rules above.

Inductive dividers split AC input according to inductance:

INDUCTIVE DIVIDER:

CAPACITIVE DIVIDER:

Capacitive dividers do not pass DC input.

For an AC input a simple capacitive equation is:


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INTERNAL BLOCKDIAGRAM


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MICROCONTROLLER

Pin Description ofPDIP

Special Function Registers

Timer 2 Registers

Program Memory

Data Memory


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Features

Three level program memory lock

Operating range is 4.0V to 5.5V

256 * 8 bit internal RAM

Eight interrupt sources

Dual data pointer


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TIMERS

Basic Registers of the Timer

Oscillator Characteristics

Programming the Flash Parallel Mode

Interrupts

Baud Rate Generator

Timer 2

Timer 0 registers

Timer1 registers


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Before programming the AT89S52, the address, data, and control signals should be setup according to the Flash programming mode. To program the AT89S52, take the

following

Steps:

1. Input the desired memory location on the address Lines.

2. Input the appropriate data byte on the data lines.

3. Activate the correct combination of control signals.

4. Pulse ALE/PROG once to program a byte in the Flash array or the lock bits. Thebyte-write cycle is self-timed and typically takes no more than 50 us. Repeat

steps 1 through 5, changing the address and data for the entire array or until the

end of the object file is reached.

PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM


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RELAYS

Relays allow one circuit to switch a

second circuit which can be completely

separate from the first

Protection diodes for relays

Comparison of Relays & Transistors

SPDT Relays


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PROTECTION DIODES FOR RELAYS


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SPDT RELAY


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ANY QUERIES.?

Documents

Transformer Overload Protection System