Transformer Protection Relays and Monitoring Device

5/11/2018 Transformer Protection Relays and Monitoring Device - slidepdf.com

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Gkv ]bhucu H. F ha` E. zbca pbc ihrdisi }bhuc esvvcap du jvchpcv pbha pbc kwcvnkh`

ucppdaj whnsc. pbcvc zdnn fc ha k}cvhpdka hgpcv h `cnht! Pbc }vkpcepdka ksp}sp iht cncep pk k}cvhpc

ka udjahn kv pvd}! Pbc }vkpcepdka k}cvhpdka nkjde du ubkza da Gdjsvc 6)5!

Gdjsvc 6)5 K}cvhpdka nkjde kg kwcvnkh` }vkpcepdka

Dihr1Kwcvnkh`

ucppdaj whnsc

PKwcvnkh` Ka+Kgg

]vkpcepdka ksp}sp ucxscaec

6!3 Bdjb)wknphjc ud`c jvksa` }vkpcepdka

Dp daens`cu h ucepdka kg `cgdadpc pdic ndidp \cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka ha` 5

ucepdkau kg |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka! Pbc |cvk ucxscaec wknphjc du gvki pbc ]P

k}cadaj pvdhajnc! Zbca pbc edvesdp fvchocv du enkuc`. pbc |cvk ucxscaec wknphjc creccù pbc

ucppdaj whnsc ha` pbc ucppdaj `cnht du vchebc`. pbc }vkpcepdka zdnn k}cvhpc! Pbc }vkpcepdka ksp}sp

iht cncep pk k}cvhpc ka udjahn kv pvd}! Pbc |cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc pvd} du fnkeoc` wdh pbc

}kudpdka kg pbc uzdpeb!

Pbc |cvk ucxscaec esvvcap sucu u}cedhn |cvk ucxscaec EP. zbdeb eha `cpcep pbc }vdihvt

ehfnc |cvk ucxscaec EP esvvcap heesvhpcnt! Zbca pbc esvvcap creccù pbc ucppdaj whnsc ha` pbc

ucppdaj `cnht du vchebc`. pbc }vkpcepdka zdnn k}cvhpc! Pbc }vkpcepdka ksp}sp iht k}cvhpc ka udjahn

kv pvd}!Gkv sajvksa`c` utupciu. zbca h jvksa` ghsnp keesvu da pbc utupci. pbc |cvk ucxscaec

esvvcap kg pbc jvksa` ghsnp }kdap du fhudehnnt h eh}hedpdwc esvvcap zdpb uihnn hi}ndps`c! Dg h |cvk

8=




ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap vcnht du suc` pk }vkpcep dp gvki jvksa` ghsnpu. dpu ucncepdwdpt eha bhv`nt fc

jshvhapcc`! Pbc `cwdec s}nkhù pbc hi}ndps`c ha` `dvcepdka kg pbc |cvk ucxscaec esvvcap ft

ekiisadehpdka. ha` pbc s}}cv eki}spcv }cvgkviu nkz esvvcap jvksa` zdvc ucncepdka! Pbc

}vkpcepdka k}cvhpdka nkjde du ubkza da Gdjsvc 6)0!

Dihr1Kwcvnkh`

ucppdaj whnsc

PKwcvnkh` Ka+Kgg

]vkpcepdka ksp}sp ucxscaec

Gdjsvc 6)0 K}cvhpdka nkjde kg bdjb)wknphjc ud`c jvksa` }vkpcepdka

6!7 Nkz)wknphjc ud`c jvksa` }vkpcepdka

Pbc nkz)wknphjc |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka du hwhdnhfnc da pbc `cgdadpc pdic ndidp

ha` dawcvuc pdic ndidp ik`cu. pbc uhic hu pbc acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka!

6!: Wknphjc }vkpcepdka

6!:!8 Sa`cv wknphjc }vkpcepdka

Pbc `cwdec ls`jcu pbc ihrdisi ndac wknphjc whnsc. dg dp du nkzcv pbha pbc ucppdaj whnsc ha`

pbc ucppdaj `cnht du vchebc`. pbc }vkpcepdka zdnn k}cvhpc ka pvd} ha` du fnkeoc` ft pbc uzdpeb

}kudpdka. ha` ]P ghdnsvc! Pbc }vkpcepdka k}cvhpdka nkjde du ubkza da Gdjsvc 6)3!

88

'

Edvesdp fvchocv hp

enkuc` }kudpdka

Sihr>S``t

]P ghdnsvc ]P ghdnsvc fnkeo '

Sa`cvwknphjc ka+kgg ]vkpcepdka

ksp}sp ucxscaecP

Gdjsvc 6)3 K}cvhpdka nkjde kg Sa`cvwknphjc }vkpcepdka

Pk hwkd` hat }kpcapdhn }vkpcepdka ghnuc k}cvhpdka s}ka enkudaj kg pbc edvesdp fvchocv. pbc

ucppdaj `cnht ubhnn akp fc ncuu pbha =!6U!

6!:!6 Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka

Pbc `cwdec ls`jcu pbc ihrdisi ndac wknphjc whnsc. dg dp du jvchpcv pbha pbc ucppdaj whnsc ha` pbc

ucppdaj `cnht du vchebc`. pbc }vkpcepdka zdnn k}cvhpc ka pvd} ha` du fnkeoc` ft pbc uzdpeb }kudpdka!

Pbc }vkpcepdka k}cvhpdka nkjde du ubkza da Gdjsvc 6)7!

'Sihr〄 Sj`t

]vkpcepdkaksp}sp ka+kgg

P

Edvesdp fvchocv hpenkuc` }kudpdka Kwcv)wknphjc ka+kgg

Gdjsvc 6)7 K}cvhpdka nkjde kg Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka




86

6!2 Fk`t }vkpcepdka

Pbc `cwdec bhu 3 fk`t }vkpcepdkau. useb hu bchwt jhu pvd}. ndjbp jhu hnhvi. Kwcv pci}cvhpsvc

pvd}. pci}cvhpsvc hnhvi ha` }vcuusvc vcndcg }vkpcepdka! Pbc k}cvhpdka ekaphep udjahn k}cvhpcu ka

pvd} kv hnhvi usflcep pk E]S }vkecuudaj. ha` dpu k}cvhpdaj pdic du vcekv`c` ft pbc ukgpzhvc!

6!4 Aka)cncepvde xshapdpt }vkpcepdka"Eha fc ucncepc` kv akp$

Pbc `cwdec bhu pbc 6)zht aka)cncepvde xshapdpt }vkpcepdka gsaepdka. uzdpebc` ka+kgg ft ekapvkn

zkv`. zbdeb hvc suc` gkv pvd}!

6!8= ]P ghdnsvc hnhvi

Pbc ls`jicap evdpcvdka kg ]P ghdnsvc `c}caù ka pbc zdvdaj ik`c! Zbca pbc ]P ghdnsvc fnkeo

gsaepdka du cahfnc`. dg ]P ghdnsvc keesvu. pbc `cwdec zdnn crdp gvki ls`jicap kg Sa`cvwknphjc

}vkpcepdka ha` eki}ksa`c` wknphjc fnkeo eki}kacap! Pbc ls`jicap evdpcvdka kg ]P ghdnsvc du hu

gknnkzu<

W)W zdvdaj ik`c

Pbc esvvcap whnsc kg pbc }bhuc zdpb pbc ihrdisi esvvcap du ncuu pbha pbc ihrdisi nkh`

esvvcap "sudaj pbc ucppdaj whnsc kg pbc kwcvnkh` esvvcap$!

⑭ Ihrdisi dapcv)}bhuc wknphjc > 5=W. ha` esvvcap kg hat }bhuc 1 =!8Da?

⑨ Acjhpdwc ucxscaec wknphjc 1 2W

Dg hat kg pbc hfkwc eka`dpdkau du icp. pbc `cnht "ucpphfnc$ zdnn vc}kvp ]P ghdnsvc. ha` zdnn vcpsva

zbca ghdnsvc `duh}}chvu!

T)T zdvdaj ik`c

Pbc esvvcap whnsc kg pbc }bhuc zdpb pbc ihrdisi esvvcap du ncuu pbha pbc ihrdisi nkh`

esvvcap "sudaj pbc ucppdaj whnsc kg pbc kwcvnkh` esvvcap$!

⑭ Zbca ~Sh/Sf/Se~ 1:W. ha` pbc ik`snsu `dggcvcaec fcpzcca pbc ihrdisi ha`

idadisi ndac wknphjcu du jvchpcv pbha 82W. udajnc)}bhuc kv 6)}bhuc ghdnsvc keesvu?

⑨ ~Sh/Sf/Se~ 1:W. pbc idadisi ndac wknphjc du ncuu pbha 82W. suc` gkv `cpcepdaj 6)}bhuc

ghdnsvc!

⑦ Zbca IHR{Shf. Sfe. Sehy>:W. ha` pbc esvvcap kg hat }bhuc 1 =!8Da. dp du vcjhv`c` hu

]P 5)}bhuc ghdnsvc!

Dg hat kg pbc hfkwc eka`dpdkau du icp. ha` pbc pdic `cnht vchebc`. pbc `cwdec vc}kvpu ]P

ghdnsvc. pbc hnhvi zdnn vcpsva zbca ghdnsvc `duh}}chvu!




Gdjsvc 6): ]P ghdnsvc ls`jicap nkjde

]P ghdnsvc

k}cvhpdka

dagkvihpdka

'

P]P

]P ghdnsvc ka+kgg

~IhrS)IdaS~182W

'IdaS>82W

'

IhrS>:W IhrS9Ihr"Shf.Sfe.Seh$

IdaS9Ida"Shf.Sfe.Seh$

'

IhrS>5=W

S612W

≣

'W)W zdvdaj

Ihr{Dh.Df.Dey1=!8,Da

≣

Ihr{Dh．Df．Dey>Djgb

'

≣

'

Ihr{Dh.Df.Dey1=!8,Da

:W~eSfShS~ 1//

………

:W~eSfShS~ 1//

………

]P ghdnsvc eki}kacap

6!88 EP ghdnsvc hnhvi

Zbca pbc EP ghdnsvc fnkeo gsaepdka du psvac` ka. dg EP ghdnsvc keesvu. pbc `cwdec ucaù hnhvi

udjahn!

Zbca pbc esvvcap whnsc kg hat }bhuc creccù pbc ucppdaj whnsc kg pbc kwcvnkh` }vkpcepdka

esvvcap. EP ghdnsvc `cpcepdka zdnn fc `duhfnc`!

]vkpcepdka EP 5)}bhuc zdvdaj @svdaj akvihn k}cvhpdka. pbc usi kg pbc 5 }bhuc esvvcapu du |cvk "ncuu pbha =!8 pdicu pbc

vhpc` esvvcap$! Da ehuc kg EP ghdnsvc da hat }bhuc. pbc usi kg pbc 5 }bhuc esvvcapu du akp |cvk

"jvchpcv pbha =!8 pdicu pbc vhpc` esvvcap$! Pk `dggcvcapdhpc gvki jvksa` ghsnp. pbc gknnkzdaj

ls`jicap du vcxsdvc`<

⑭ Da pbc 5 }bhuc esvvcapu. pbc whnsc kg pbc }bhuc zdpb pbc idadisi esvvcap du |cvk "ncuu

pbha =!8 pdicu pbc vhpc` esvvcap$!

⑨ Pbc whnsc kg pbc }bhuc zdpb pbc ihrdisi esvvcap du akp |cvk "jvchpcv pbha =!8 pdicu

pbc vhpc` esvvcap$. fsp ncuu pbha pbc ucppdaj whnsc kg pbc kwcvnkh` esvvcap!

]vkpcepdka EP 6)}bhuc zdvdaj

H }bhuc du jvchpcv pbha =!83Da ha` ncuu pbha pbc ucppdaj whnsc kg pbc kwcvnkh` esvvcap! H

}bhuc ncuu pbha =!=2 Da du ls`jc` hu EP ghdnsvc!

85




6!86 Sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj }vkpcepdka

Pbc gvcxscaet du `cvdwc` gvki ukgpzhvc ehnesnhpdka. suc pbc gvcxscaet kg SHF! Pbc

sankh`daj }vkpcepdka du fnkeoc` ft Sa`cvwknphjc fnkeo. sa`cv)esvvcap fnkeo kv und} fnkeo.

da zbdeb und} fnkeo eha fc uzdpebc` Ka+Kgg! Pbc k}cvhpdka nkjde kg sa`cv)gvcxscaet

sankh`daj du ubkza da Gdjsvc 6)2!

Gdjsvc 6)2 K}cvhpdka nkjde kg sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj

'P`}l| ]vkpcepdkaksp}sp

ucxscaec

G>G`}l|

@g+`p>@g`p

Dihr1D`|b

Shf1S`|

Sa`cvgvcxscaet

sankh`daj

}vkpcepdkaka+kgg

6!85 ]snuc Cacvjt+dapcjvhn cacvjt

]snuc Cacvjt"Eha fc ucncepc` kv akp$

Pbc di}snuc edvesdp kg pbc `cwdec sucu ha dapcvahn }kzcv us}}nt? }huudwc cacvjt

di}snucu hvc da}sp gvki pbc kspud`c? ha` heesisnhpdka kg ]snuc Cacvjt du gdadubc` ft pbc

ukgpzhvc!

Dapcjvhn cacvjt

Pbc ukgpzhvc heesisnhpcu hepdwc ha` vchepdwc }kzcvu dapk hepdwc ha` vchepdwc

cacvjt da vchn pdic!6!80 Ghsnp vcekv`cv

Ucc pbc ekiisadehpdka ek`daj phfnc gkv pbc }vkpcepdka wknphjc ha` esvvcap zhwcgkvi

`hph eknncepc` ft pbc vcekv`daj sadp!

80




5!！！ Ucppdaj kg }hvhicpcvu ha` ucppdaj whnscu kg pbc `cwdec

5!8 Utupci }hvhicpcvu

]hvhicpcv Vhajc @cuevd}pdka

Ucppdaj \kac AK!

Da}sp \kac Ak! =): Ucp upc}<8＂ghepkvt `cghsnp =＄

Ekiisadehpdka Ucppdaj

VU023 H``vcuu 8)44 Ucp upc}< 8＂ghepkvt `cghsnp 8＄

VU023 Fhs`vhpc =)3

Ucp upc}<＂ghepkvt `cghsnp 8＄

=＜6!0OF？8＜0!2OF？6＜4!7OF？5＜84!6OF？0＜

52!0OF？3＜883!6OF？

]snuc Da}sp Pdic 8)8===iU Ucp upc}<＂ghepkvt `cghsnp 8＄

D] H``vcuuUcp upc} kg cheb ucepdka<8＂ghepkvt `cghsnp

846!872!7!88:＄

Usfacp Ihuo Ucp upc} kg cheb ucepdka<8＂ghepkvt `cghsnp

633!633!633!=＄

OZ @cghsnp

Gksv

ucepdkau da

pkphn.

Uek}c kg

cheb

ucepdka<

=)633

Ucp upc} kg cheb ucepdka<8＂ghepkvt `cghsnp

2!872!7!8＄

Ucppdaj kg fhude }hvhicpcvu

Vhppdaj Esvvcap =)8 Ucp upc}< 8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp =$ ==< 3H? =8< 8H

]P Vhpdk 8)83== Ucp upc}< 8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8$

EP Vhpdk 8)3=== Ucp upc}< 8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8$

EP Zdvdaj Ik`c =)8Ucp upc}< 8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp =$ ==< 5)}bhuc? =8<

6)}bhuc

]P Zdvdaj Ik`c =)8 Ucp upc}< 8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp =$ ==< T)T? =8< W)W

Bhvikade Ebhaacn =)86

Gkv bhvikade ehnesnhpdka. ucncep pbc

ekvvcu}ka`daj vcgcvcaec xshapdpt< =< crdp gvki

bhvikade ehnesnhpdka gsaepdka IP]V)78=Bf<

8< DH8. 6< DF8. 5< DE8. 0< D=. 3< Dh. 7< Df. :< De. 2< Sh.

4< Sf. 8=< Se. 88< S=. 86< D=N

Zhwc Vcekv` 8+= 8+=< Ka+Kgg "ghepkvt `cghsnp Kgg$

Chvpb Ik`c

＂Bdjb)wknphjc ud`c＄ =)8

==＜sajvksa`c`

=8＜jvksa`c`

＂Zbdnc kv`cvdaj dg bhwc ak u}cedhn cnsed`hpdka

83





pbca heekv`daj pk sajvksa`c` ik`c hnnkehpdka＄

@+H ebhaacn ucppdaj

@H8q6 ebhaacn

ucncepdka=)80

Ucncep @H8q6 pk ksp}sp ekvvcu}ka`daj vcgcvcaecxshapdpdcu< =< Ak @+H ksp}sp

8<DH.6<DF.5<DE .0<Sh.3<Sf.7<Se.:<Shf.2<Sfe.

4<Seh.8=<].88<X

Wknphjc vcgcvcaec xshapdpt< =)86=W ekvvcu}ka`daj

pk 0iH)6=iH

Vhpdaj 3H<

Esvvcap vcgcvcaec xshapdpt< =)7H ekvvcu}ka`daj pk

0iH)6=iH.

]kzcv vcgcvcaec xshapdpt< =)8===Z

ekvvcu}ka`daj pk 0iH)6=iH!

Vhpdaj 8H<

Esvvcap vcgcvcaec xshapdpt< =)8!6H ekvvcu}ka`daj

pk 0iH)6=iH.

]kzcv vcgcvcaec xshapdpt< =)6==Z ekvvcu}ka`daj

pk 0iH)6=iH!

@H8ｑ6 h`lsupicap

ghepkv =!3)8!3 H lsup @+H ebhaacn 8ｑ6＂0)6=iH＄ }hvhicpcvu

]snuc Cacvjt ucppdaj

IE8=)064047:6

43

IE6=)064047:6

43

IE5=)064047:6

43

IE0

=)064047:6

43

Ucp upc}<8

]vcuu &CAPCV& pk uhwc. ha` vcpsva pk pbc s}}cv

jvh`c icas!

OZB/=)064047:!

643OZB

OWhvb/=)064047:!

643OWB

OZB)=)064047:!

643OZB

OWhvb)

=)064047:!

643OWB

Ucp upc}<=!==8

]vcuu &CAPCV& pk uhwc. ha` vcpsva pk pbc s}}cv

jvh`c icas!

87





Pvd} Pdicu Enchv

]vcuu &CAPCV& pk uhwc. ha` vcpsva pk pbc s}}cv jvh`c icas!

Ebhaacn ekcggdedcap

Ebhaacn 8ｑ86 =!3)3

Ucp upc}< =!==8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8$

Ebhaacn 8)86 ekvvcu}ka`daj pk ekcggdedcap kg

hahnkjt xshapdpt 8)86

Ebhaacn 85ｑ80 =!3)3

Ucp upc}< =!==8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8$

Ebhaacn 85.80 ekvvcu}ka`daj pk ekcggdedcap kg @E

xshapdpt 8.6

5!6 Ndup kg ucppdaj whnscu

Ucppdaj whnsc Vhajc @cuevd}pdka

]vkpcepdka Ka+Kgg zkv`

Dauphaphacksu

Kwcvesvvcap ]vkpcepdka

Ka+Kgg

"Daup!]VKP$

8+= 8+=< Ka+Kgg "ghepkvt `cghsnp Kgg$

Pbc pdic @cnht

Dauphaphacksu


Ka+Kgg

"@cnht Daup!]VKP$


Kwcvesvvcap @cgdadpc)pdic

Ndidp ]vkpcepdka Ka+Kgg

"@P Kwcvesvvcap$


Dauphaphacksu

KwcvesvvcapEki}ksa`c` Wknphjc

Nkeo Ka+Kgg

"Daup! EW Nkeo$


Pbc pdic `cnht

Dauphaphacksu

Eki}ksa`c` Wknphjc

Nkeo Ka+Kgg

"@cnht EW Nkeo$


8:




Kwcvesvvcap @cgdadpc)pdic

Ndidp Eki}ksa`c`

Wknphjc Nkeo Ka+Kgg

"@P KE EW Nkeo$


Dawcvuc pdic Ndidp


Ka+Kgg

"DP Kwcvesvvcap$


Acjhpdwc Ucxscaec

Kwcvesvvcap @cgdadpc Pdic

Ndidp Ka+Kgg

"AU KE @P$


Acjhpdwc Ucxscaec

Kwcvesvvcap Dawcvuc Pdic

Ndidp Ka+Kgg

"AU KE DP$


Kwcvnkh` Hnhvi Ka+Kgg

"Kwcvnkh` Hnhvi$8+= 8+=< Ka+Kgg "ghepkvt `cghsnp Kgg$

Kwcvnkh` Pvd} Ka+Kgg

"Kwcvnkh` Pvd}$8+= 8+=< Ka+Kgg "ghepkvt `cghsnp Kgg$

\cvk Ucxscaec

Kwcvwknphjc Hnhvi

Ka+Kgg

"\U KW Hnhvi$


\cvk Ucxscaec

Kwcvwknphjc Pvd} Ka+Kgg

"\U KW Pvd}$


\cvk Ucxscaec

Kwcvesvvcap Ucepdka D

Ka+Kgg

"\U KE 8 Pvd}$


\cvk UcxscaecKwcvesvvcap Ucepdka DD

Ka+Kgg

"\U KE 6 Pvd}$


\cvk Ucxscaec

Kwcvesvvcap Ucepdka DDD

Hnhvi Ka+Kgg

"\U KE 5 Hnhvi$


82




\cvk Ucxscaec

Kwcvesvvcap Ucepdka DDD

Pvd} Ka+Kgg

"\U KE 5 Pvd}$


Sa`cvwknphjc \cvkUcxscaec @cgdadpcPdic

Ndidp Kwcvesvvcap Ka+Kgg

"SW \U KE @P$


Sa`cvwknphjc \cvk

Ucxscaec Dawcvuc Pdic

Ndidp Kwcvesvvcap Ka+Kgg

"SW \U KE DP$


Sa`cvwknphjc ]vkpcepdka

Ka+Kgg

"Sa`cvwknphjc$


Kwcvwknphjc ]vkpcepdka

Ka+Kgg

"Kwcvwknphjc$


Bchwt Jhu Pvd} Ka+Kgg

"Bchwt Jhu Pvd}$8+= 8+=< Ka+Kgg "ghepkvt `cghsnp Kgg$

Ndjbp Jhu Hnhvi Ka+Kgg

"Ndjbp Jhu Hnhvi$8+= 8+=< Ka+Kgg "ghepkvt `cghsnp Kgg$

Kwcv pci}cvhpsvc Pvd}Ka+Kgg

"Kwcv Pci}!Pvd}$


Pci}cvhpsvc Hnhvi

Ka+Kgg

"Pci}cvhpsvc HNI$


]vcuusvc Vcndcg Pvd}

Ka+Kgg

"])vcndcg Pvd}$


Aka)cncepvde Xshapdpt 8

]vkpcepdka Ka+Kgg

"Aka)cncepvde 8$


Aka)cncepvde Xshapdpt 6

]vkpcepdka Ka+Kgg

"Aka)cncepvde 6$


]P Ghdnsvc Hnhvi Ka+Kgg "]P Ghdnsvc Hnhvi$


]P Ghdnsvc Fnkeo Ka+Kgg "]P Ghdnsvc Nkeo$


EP Ghdnsvc Hnhvi Ka+Kgg "EP Ghdnsvc Hnhvi$


84




Eki}ksa`c` Wknphjc

Ekaphep Ksp}sp Ka+Kgg

"EW ]kdap Ksp}sp$


Sa`cv)gvcxscaetSankh`daj Ka+Kgg

"Sa`cv)gvcxscaet$


Und} Fnkeo Ka+Kgg "Und} Nkeo$


Kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka

Sa`cvwknphjc fnkeo

"Sa`cvwknphjc$7=！==）4=!==W Ucp upc}<=!=8W"ghepkvt `cghsnp 4=W$

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec

wknphjc fnkeo

"AU Wknphjc$

3!==)5=!==W Ucp upc}<=!=8W"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8=W$

Dauphaphacksu esvvcap

"Daup!Esvvcap$＂=!8)6=＄Da Ucp upc}<=!=8H"ghepkvt `cghsnp 6=Da$

Dauphaphacksu `cnht

"Daup!Pdic$=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}<=!=8u"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

Pbc pdic `cnht

dauphaphacksu esvvcap

"@cnht Daup!E$

＂=!8)6=＄Da Ucp upc}<=!=8H"ghepkvt `cghsnp 6=Da$

Pbc pdic `cnht

dauphaphacksu `cnht

"@cnht Daup!Pdic$

=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}<=!=8u"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

@P kwcvesvvcap

"@P Kwcvesvvcap$＂=!8)6=＄Da Ucp upc}<=!=8H"ghepkvt `cghsnp 6=Da$

@P kwcvesvvcap

"@P KE Pdic$=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}<=!=8u"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

Kwcvesvvcap dawcvuc pdic ndidp }vkpcepdka

Dawcvuc pdic ndidp

ebhvhepcvdupde esvwc

"DP Pvhdp Esvwc$

8)0 Ucp upc}<8"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8$

Dawcvuc pdic ndidp

ekauphap

"DP Pdic Ekaphap$

=!==)8!==U Ucp upc}<=!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8U$

Dawcvuc pdic ndidp uphvpdaj

esvvcap

"DP Uphvp Esvvcap$

＂=!8)6＄Da Ucp upc}<=!=8H"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8Da$

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap

6=




Acjhpdwc ucxscaec

esvvcap

"AU @P Esvvcap$


Acjhpdwc ucxscaec

kwcvesvvcap `cnht

"AU @P Pdic$

=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}<=!=8u"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec

dawcvuc pdic ndidp


"AU DP Esvwc$

8)0 Ucp upc}<8"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8$

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec

dawcvuc pdic ndidp

ekauphap"AU DP Ekauphap$

=!==)8!==U Ucp upc}<=!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8U$

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec

dawcvuc pdic ndidp uphvpdaj

esvvcap

"AU DP Uphvp E$

＂=!8)6＄Da Ucp upc}<=!=8H"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8Da$

Kwcvnkh`

Kwcvnkh` esvvcap

"Kwcvnkh` Esvvcap$


Kwcvnkh` `cnht

"Kwcvnkh` Pdic$=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}<=!=8u"ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

\cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc

\cvk ucxscaec

Kwcvwknphjc

"\U KW Whnsc$

6)8==W Ucp upc}< =!=8W "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==W$

\cvk ucxscaec

Kwcvwknphjc `cnht

"\U KW Pdic$

=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

Bdjb)wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap

Ucppdaj whnsc kg \cvk

ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap

Ucepdka D

"\U Kwcvesvvcap 8$

=!==)6!==HUcp upc}< =!=8H "ghepkvt

`cghsnp 6H$

\cvk ucxscaec

kwcvesvvcap Ucepdka D

`cnht"\U KE 8 Pdic$

=!==)8==UUcp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt

`cghsnp 8==U$

Upha`hv`

}vk`sepu

hvc

`cudjac`

fhuc` ka

h acspvhn

}kdap

68






Ucepdka DD

"\U Kwcvesvvcap 6$


`cghsnp 6H$

\cvk ucxscaec

kwcvesvvcap Ucepdka DD

`cnht

"\U KE 6 Pdic$


`cghsnp 8==U$



Ucepdka DDD

"\U Kwcvesvvcap 5$


`cghsnp 6H$

\cvk ucxscaeckwcvesvvcap Ucepdka DDD

`cnht

"\U KE 5 Pdic$


`cghsnp 8==U$

sajvksa

`c`

utupci!

U}cedgt

hat

kpbcv

ik`c

s}ka

kv`cvdaj

dg hat!

Nkz)wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap

Ucppdaj whnsc kg

nkz)wknphjc |cvk

ucxscaec esvvcap

"@P Esvvcap$

＂=!8)6=＄Da Ucp upc}< =!=8H "ghepkvt `cghsnp 6=Da$

@cgdadpc pdic ndidp `cnht

"@P Pdic$=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8u "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

Dawcvuc pdic ndidp


ucncepdka

"DP Pvhdp Esvwc$

8)0 Ucp upc}< 8 "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8$

Dawcvuc pdic ndidp

ekauphap

"DP Pdic Ekaphap$

=!==)8!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8U$

Dawcvuc pdic ndidp uphvpdaj

esvvcap

"DP Uphvp Esvvcap$

＂=!8)6＄Da Ucp upc}< =!=8H "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8Da$

Wknphjc }vkpcepdka

Sa`cvwknphjc ucppdaj

whnsc

"Sa`cvwknp! Whnsc$

7=!==)4=!==W Ucp upc}< =!=8W "ghepkvt `cghsnp 4=W$

Sa`cvwknphjc `cnht

"Sa`cvwknp! Pdic$=!3=)8==!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

66




Kwcvwknphjc ucppdaj whnsc

"Kwcvwknp! Whnsc$8==!==)83=!==W Ucp upc}< =!=8W "ghepkvt `cghsnp 88=W$

Kwcvwknphjc `cnht

"Kwcvwknp! Pdic$=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

Ghdnsvc ucppdaj whnsc

]P ghdnsvc `cnht

"]P Ghdnsvc Pdic$=!3=)8=!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8=U$

EP ghdnsvc `cnht

"EP Ghdnsvc Pdic$=!3=)8=!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8=U$

Aka)cncepvde xshapdpt }vkpcepdka

Ucppdaj whnsc kg

Aka)cncepvde xshapdpt 8

esvvcap"Aka)cnce!8 Whnsc$

0!==)6=!==iH Ucp upc}< =!=8iH "ghepkvt `cghsnp 6=iH$

Ucppdaj whnsc kg


`cnht

"Aka)cnce!8 Pdic$

=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp =U$

Ucppdaj whnsc kg


esvvcap

"Aka)cnce!6 Whnsc$

0!==)6=!==iH Ucp upc}< =!=8iH "ghepkvt `cghsnp 6=iH$

Ucppdaj whnsc kg


`cnht

"Aka)cnce!6 Pdic$

=!==)8==!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp =U$

Sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj

Ucppdaj whnsc kg

sa`cv)gvcxscaet

sankh`daj

"Sa`cv)gvcx!Whnsc$

03!==)3=!==B| Ucp upc}< =!=8B| "ghepkvt `cghsnp 02B|$

Ucppdaj whnsc kg

sa`cv)gvcxscaet

sankh`daj `cnht

"Sa`cv)gvcx!Pdic$

=!3=)8==!==U Ucp upc}< =!=8U "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8==U$

65




Ucppdaj whnsc kg

sa`cv)gvcxscaet

sankh`daj nkz esvvcap

fnkeo

"Nkz Esvvcap Nkeo$

=!6)3H Ucp upc}< =!=8H "ghepkvt `cghsnp Da$

Ucppdaj whnsc kg

sa`cv)gvcxscaet

sankh`daj Sa`cvwknphjc

fnkeo

"Sa`cvwknp! Nkeo$

7=!==)4=!==W Ucp upc}< =!=8W "ghepkvt `cghsnp 4=W$

Ucppdaj whnsc kg

sa`cv)gvcxscaet

sankh`daj und} fnkeo

"`g+`p Nkeo$

=!3)2!==B|+u Ucp upc}< =!=8B|+u "ghepkvt `cghsnp 8B|+u$

60




0!！！ @cuevd}pdka kg fdahvt da}sp. ksp}sp ha` hahnkj xshapdpt！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！0!8 Ikadpkvdaj kg hahnkj xshapdpdcu

Hahnkj xshapdpdcu eha fc ikadpkvc` sa`cv pbc _]vkpcepdka @hph @du}nhtY. _Ichusvc` @hph

@du}nhtY ha` _]snuc CacvjtY icasu．zbdeb hvc sa`cv pbc _Uphpc @du}nhtY icas. }vcuu pbc „„.

„„ octu pk gnd} kwcv! Pbc ghepkvt }vcedudka kg pbc cwdec bhu fcca ehndfvhpc`! Pbc }vkpcepdkaesvvcap du ehndfvhpc` hp ksfnc pbc vhpc` esvvcap ha` pbc ichusvdaj esvvcap hp h udajnc vhpc`

esvvcap! Pbc ndup du hu gknnkzu<

Akpc< gkv }vkpcepdka EP 5)}bhuc. ]P T)T zdvdaj? `sc pk pbc sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj

}vkpcepdka kg pbdu cwdec. pbc gvcxscaet du}nht du }sp da pbc }vkpcepdka hph!

Hahnkj xshapdpt

pcvidahnHahnkj xshapdpt ahic Pcup icpbk`

Pcvidahnu @=8. @=6]vkpcepdka ]bhuc H

esvvcap "DH8$

H`` `ksfnc pbc vhpdaj. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka

akp crecc`daj 8#

Pcvidahnu @=5. @=0]vkpcepdka ]bhuc F

esvvcap "DF8$H`` `ksfnc pbc vhpdaj. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka

akp crecc`daj 8#

Pcvidahnu @=3. @=7]vkpcepdka ]bhuc E

esvvcap "DE8$

H`` `ksfnc pbc vhpdaj. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka

akp crecc`daj 8#

Pcvidahnu @=:. @=2\cvk ucxscaec esvvcap

"D=$

H`` 8H. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp crecc`daj

=!6#

Pcvidahnu @=4. @8=Ichusvcicap ]bhuc H

esvvcap "Dh$

H`` h udajnc vhpdaj. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp

crecc`daj =!6#

Pcvidahnu @88. @86Ichusvcicap ]bhuc F

esvvcap "Df$


crecc`daj =!6#

Pcvidahnu @85. @80

Ichusvcicap ]bhuc E

esvvcap "De$


crecc`daj =!6#

Pcvidahnu @83. @87 ]bhuc H wknphjc "Sh$H`` 3=W. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp crecc`daj

=!3#

Pcvidahnu @83. @87 G utupci gvcxscaetH`` 3=W 3=B|. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp

crecc`daj ¸=!=6B|

Pcvidahnu @8:. @82 ]bhuc F wknphjc "Sf$H`` 3=W. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp crecc`daj

=!3#

Pcvidahnu @84. @6= ]bhuc E wknphjc "Se$H`` 3=W. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp crecc`daj

=!3#

Pcvidahnu @68. @66\cvk ucxscaec wknphjc

"S=$

H`` 3=W. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp

crecc`daj =!3#

Pcvidahnu @65. @60Nkz)wknphjc ud`c |cvk

ucxscaec esvvcap "D=N$

H`` ksfnc pbc vhpdaj. `du}nhtc` cwdhpdka

akp crecc`daj 8#

Pcvidahnu @63. @67 0q6=iH @E Da}sp 8H`` 8=iH. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp

crecc`daj 5#

Pcvidahnu @6:. @62 0q6=iH @E Da}sp 6H`` 8=iH. `du}nhtc` `cwdhpdka akp

crecc`daj 5#

H` esvvcap pk Pcvidahnu

@=4. @8=? @85. @80 ft

}knhvdpt? H` wknphjc pk

@83. @87? @8:. @82?

@84. @6= ft }knhvdpt

5)}bhuc hepdwc }kzcv

H`` h udajnc vhpdaj pk esvvcap ha` 8==W pk

ndac wknphjc

Hnpcv }bhuc hajnc. `du}nhtc` }kzcv `cwdhpdka akp crecc`daj =!3#

63




Hahnkj xshapdpt

pcvidahnHahnkj xshapdpt ahic Pcup icpbk`

H` esvvcap pk Pcvidahnu

@=4. @8=? @85. @80 ft

}knhvdpt? H` wknphjc pk

@83. @87? @8:. @82?

@84. @6= ft }knhvdpt

5)}bhuc vchepdwc }kzcv

H`` h udajnc vhpdaj pk esvvcap ha` 8==W pk

ndac wknphjc

Hnpcv }bhuc hajnc. `du}nhtc` }kzcv `cwdhpdka akp crecc`daj 6#

Pcvidahn E86 pk Pcvidahn

E87 "ekiika pcvidahn kg

]snuc/60W$

]snuc8 "IE8$Ekaacep cheb }kdap kaec. h`` 8 pk pbc

eksap



]snuc/60W$


eksap



]snuc/60W$


eksap



]snuc/60W$


eksap

0!6 Ikadpkvdaj kg fdahvt da}sp

Fdahvt da}sp eha fc ikadpkvc` sa`cv pbc _Fdahvt da}spY icas da pbc _Uphpc @du}nhtY icas.

}vcuu pbc „„. „„ octu pk gnd} kwcv!

Pcvidahnu kg

ekaphep da}spAhic kg fdahvt da}sp Ebceodaj icpbk`

F=8 Ekiika pcvidahn kg fdahvt

da}sp )

＂Suc` gkv ekaacepdaj zdpb pbc

acjhpdwc }knc kg crpcvahn

}kzcv @E66=W ha` @E88=W＄

F=6 Edvesdp fvchocv }kudpdka

"Fvchocv$

F=5 Pvknnct k}cvhpdaj }kudpdka

"Pvknnct Vsa$

F=0 Pvknnct pcup }kudpdka

"Pvknnct Pcup$

F=3 ]kudpdka kg jvksa` oadgc

"Chvpb Uzdpeb$

F=7 U}vdaj zdpbksp upkvc` cacvjt

Crpcvahn }kzcv us}}nt kg 66=W kv 88=W

@E eha fc h}}ndc`. ekaacep pbc

acjhpdwc pcvidahn pk pcvidahn F=8.

}kudpdwc pcvidahn pk pcvidahn F=6ｑF85.

da _Fdahvt da}spY icas da pbc _Uphpc

@du}nhtY. pbc uphpsu kg fdahvt da}sp eha fc

ucca!

Pbc `cwdec hnuk bhu h 60W @E

us}}nt. dg dp du suc`. pcvidahn F80 eha fc

ekaacepc` pk pcvidahn F=6 ｑ F85. da

_Fdahvt da}spY icas da pbc _Uphpc @du}nhtY.

pbc uphpsu kg fdahvt da}sp eha fc ucca!

]nchuc akpc hfksp pbc fdahvt da}sp

wknphjc s}ka kv`cvdaj. dp du ucp pk

@E66=W ft `cghsnp!

67




"U}vdaj$

F=: Bchwt jhu pvd}

"Bchwt Jhu$

F=2 Ndjbp jhu zhvadaj

"Ndjbp Jhu$

F=4 Kwcv pci}cvhpsvc pvd}

"Kwcv P Pvd}$

F8= Pci}cvhpsvc zhvadaj

"Pci}! Hnhvi$

F88 ]vcuusvc vcndcg pvd}

"])vcndcg Pvd}$

F86 Da}sp 88

F85 Da}sp 86

Ihashn pvd}}daj udjahn da}sp

"Ihashn Pvd}$

Ihashn enkudaj udjahn da}sp

"Ihashn Enkuc$

Da}spu kg pbc

ekapvkn edvesdp

ekapvkn edvesdp

"K}cvhpc EDV$

F80 Ucng)}vk`sepdaj @E/60W

0!5 Ikadpkvdaj kg fdahvt ksp}sp

Fdahvt ksp}sp eha fc ikadpkvc` sa`cv pbc _Fdahvt ksp}spY icas. }vcuu pbc „„. „„ octu

pk gnd} kwcv!

Pcvidahnu kg ekaphep

ksp}sp

Ahic kg fdahvt

ksp}sp

Ebceodaj icpbk`

F83)F87 @cwdec ghsnp udjahn

F8:)F82 ]vkpcep hepdka udjahn

F84)F6= Hnhvi udjahn

F68)F66 Ksp}sp ekaphep 0

F65)F60 Ksp}sp ekaphep 3

F63)F67 Pvd} ekaphep 8

F6:)F62 Pvd} ekaphep 6

F64)F5= Ksp}sp ekaphep 2

F58)F56＂ekiika k}ca＄ Ksp}sp ekaphep 4

Ucncep k}ca ha` enkuc icas. suc „/’.

„)’ oct pk k}cvhpc ha` pcup pbc

ekvvcu}ka`daj pcvidahnu! F58)F56

ha` F50)F53 hvc ekiika k}ca

pcvidahnu pbhp ubksn` enkuc!

6:




F56)F55

F50)F53＂ekiika k}ca＄

F53)F57Ksp}sp ekaphep 8=

H66)H65

Vcikpc ekapvkn

enkudaj ksp}sp

H66)H60Vcikpc ekapvkn pvd}

ksp}sp

62




3!！！ K}cvhpdka daupvsepdkau！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！3!8 Ekapvkn }hacn kg `cwdec

862,70 ihpvdr NE@ "Pbc NE@ zdnn jk kgg hgpcv h }cvdk` kg pbc hfucaec kg octfkhv`

k}cvhpdka? pbc NE@ zdnn fc dnnsidahpc` hspkihpdehnnt zbca hat oct du }vcuuc` kv da

ehuc kg }vkpcepdka pvd} kv hnhvi!$ Udjahn da`dehpkv< vsa. ekiisadehpdka. k}cvhpdka. hnhvi. fk`t. ghsnp "kg pbc `cwdec$

Edvesdp fvchocv uphpc da`dehpdka< da`dehpdaj pbc esvvcap uphpc kg pbc edvesdp fvchocv "„K}ca’.

„Enkuc’ }kudpdka da`dehpdka$

Vcikpc+nkehn ucncepdka udjahn. nkehn k}cadaj+enkudaj fsppka

Oct }h`< . . . . Ehaecn. ). /. Capcv. Vcwcvp

Pbc 7)fdp adrdc psfc `du}nhtu pbc }vdihvt ichusvc` whnscu da vchn pdic< DH. DF. DE. Shf.

Sfe. Seh. ]. X. Ekuχ! "]nchuc ucp pbc ]P. EP pvhaugkvihpdka vhpdku }vk}cvnt da pbc Utupci

]hvhicpcvu icas$! Pbc ihrdisi `du}nht vhajc kg pbc }kzcv ka pbc adrdc psfc du< 44444!

Akpc< Ichusvcicap DH< HH. ichusvcicap DF< fH. ichusvcicap

DE< EH.

wknphjc Shf< HfOW. wknphjc Sfe< fEOW. wknphjc Seh< EHOW.

hepdwc }kzcv< ]OZ. vchepdwc }kzcv< xOWhv. }kzcv ghepkv< B

3!6 Daupvsepdkau gkv suc kg oct }h` ha` NE@ `du}nht

@svdaj pbc `cwdec—u akvihn k}cvhpdka. dp zdnn `du}nht pbc ichusvdaj esvvcap. }kzcv.

pdic da etenc! ]vcuu pbc „Capcv’ oct pk capcv pbc ihda icas. zbdeb du h isnpd)ncwcn pvcc

icas! ]vcuu pbc „„. „„ octu pk ikwc pbc esvukv pk pbc `cudvc` capvt. }vcuu pbc „Capcv’

64




oct pk capcv pbdu capvt. ha` }vcuu pbc „Ehaecn’ oct pk vcpsva pk pbc acrp bdjbcv ncwcn kg

uevcca! Dg pbdu uevcca du updnn h icas. ekapdasc pk }vcuu pbc „„. „„ oct pk ucncep pbc

`cudvc` capvt. }vcuu pbc „Capcv’ oct pk capcv pbc acrp ncwcn kg uevcca. ha` }vcuu pbc

„Ehaecn’ oct pk vcpsva pk pbc acrp bdjbcv ncwcn kg icas! Dg pbcvc du ak icas uevcca. fc usvc

pk }vcuu pbc „Ehaecn’ oct pk vcpsva pk pbc acrp bdjbcv ncwcn kg icas! Pbc ihda icas du

ubkza hp pbc ecapcv kg pbc gknnkzdaj gdjsvc. zdpb pbc ekvvcu}ka`daj usficasu ka fkpb

ud`cu!

Pbc ihda dapcvghec `du}nhtu pbc }vdihvt k}cvhpdaj }hvhicpcvu da psva! Pbc ihrdisi

`du}nhtc` whnsc kg pbc }vdihvt du 7===!=H! Gkv utupciu zdpb h vhpc` esvvcap kg 3H. pbc ucp

EP pvhaugkvihpdka vhpdk ubhnn akp crecc` 6===! Dg pbc }vdihvt }kzcv du jvchpcv pbha

8===OZ. pbc `du}nht sadp du IZ. kpbcvzduc du

5=




Akpc 8＜Kant ikpkv }vkpcep ichusvc ha` ekapvkn `cwdec bhu pbdu dpci!

Akpc 6＜Gkv fhude }hvhicpcvu ha` @+H ucppdaj da icas „Utupci ]hvhicpcvu’.

`dggcvcap `cwdecu bhwc `dggcvcap fhude }hvhicpcvu ucppdaj. gkv pbc Ucppdaj icas. ucc pbc

`cuevd}pdka kg cheb `cwdec!

Akpc 5＜Gkv ucppdaj whnsc icas. ucc pbc `cuevd}pdka kg cheb `cwdec!

Uphpc @du}nht

Pbc _Uphpc @du}nhtY icas ekaphdau 2 usficasu. daens`daj }vkpcepdka `hph. ichusvdaj

Ihda icas

8ºUphpc @du}nht

6ºUdjahn Vcwcvp

5ºVc}kvp @du}nht

0ºKsp}sp Pcup

3ºUTU ]hvhicpcvu

7ºUcppdaj Whnsc

:ºEnkeo Ucppdaj

2º]huuzkv`

4ºWcvudka Dagk!

3！]hvhicpcvu＂Akpc 6＄

Ucppdaj \cvk Ak!

Ekii! Ucppdaj

F! ]hvhicpcvu

@+H Ucppdaj

]snuc Cacvjt

Pvd} Pdicu Enchv

Ebhaacn Ekcg!

Ik`cn＜I▨]V)7==Bf

Wcvudka＜W▨!▨▨!▨▨

@hpc＜6=▨▨）▨▨）▨▨

EVE＜▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨B

8! Uphpc @du}nht

]vkpcepdka @hph

Ichusvdaj @hph

Fdahvt Da}sp

]snuc Cacvjt

]bhuc Hajnc

Bhvikade @hph

@E Da}sp @hph

Pvd} Pdicu

5！Vc}kvp @du!

Pvd} Vc}kvp

Fdahvt Vc}kvp

Cwcap Vc}kvp

Ikpkv uphvp whnsc＂akpc 8＄

Vc}kvp Enchv

0！Ksp}sp Pcup

@cwdec Ghdnsvc

Pvd} Udjahn

Hnhvi Udjahn

Ksp}sp 0

Ksp}sp 3

]VKP Ksp}sp 8

]VKP Ksp}sp 6

Ksp}sp 2

Ksp}sp 4

Ksp}sp 8=

Vcikpc Enkuc

Vcikpc Pvd}

K}cvhpc Hnn Vcnhtu

7！Ucppdaju＂Akpc 5＄

]vkpcepdka Ka+Kgg

〆〆〆〆〆〆

Akpc< Ucc }vkpcepdka

ucppdaj phfnc gkv `cphdnc`

:！Enkeo ucppdaj

@hpc＜▨▨)▨▨)▨▨

Pdic＜▨▨<▨▨<▨▨

6！Udjahn Vcwcvp

Capcv

2! ]huuzkv`

▨▨▨▨

58




`hph. fdahvt da}sp. ]snuc Cacvjt. hajnc `du}nht. bhvikade `hph. @E ichusvcicap ha` pvd}

uphpdupdeu! Dp du `cuevdfc` hu gknnkzu<

]vkpcepdka @hph ↘↕

Dh９▨▨▨!▨▨H

Df９▨▨▨!▨▨H

De９▨▨▨!▨▨H

Shf９▨▨▨!▨▨W

Sfe９▨▨▨!▨▨W

Seh９▨▨▨!▨▨W

D8９▨▨▨!▨▨H

D6９▨▨▨!▨▨H

D=９▨▨! ▨▨▨HS8９▨▨▨!▨▨H

S6９▨▨▨!▨▨H

S=９▨▨▨!▨▨H

D=N９▨▨▨!▨▨H

G９▨▨▨!▨▨B|

D=lu９▨▨▨!▨▨H

S=lu９▨▨▨!▨▨W

]vkpcepdka EP uceka`hvt esvvcap whnsc

]P uceka`hvt ndac wknphjc whnsc

]vkpcepdka }kudpdwc ucxscaec esvvcap

]vkpcepdka acjhpdwc ucxscaec esvvcap

Bdjb wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec esvvcap＂Hahnkj xshapdpt＄ ]kudpdwc ucxscaec wknphjc

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec wknphjc

\cvk ucxscaec wknphjc＂Hahnkj xshapdpt＄

Nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec esvvcap

Gvcxscaet

\cvk ucxscaec esvvcap＂ehnesnhpc xshapdpt＄

\cvk ucxscaec wknphjc＂ehnesnhpc xshapdpt＄

Ichusvdaj @hph ↘↕

DH９▨▨▨!▨▨H

DF９▨▨▨!▨▨H

DE９▨▨▨!▨▨H

Sh９▨▨▨!▨▨W

Sf９▨▨▨!▨▨W

Se９▨▨▨!▨▨W

]９ ▨▨▨▨!▨Z

X９ ▨▨▨▨!▨Z

EkuΧ９▨!▨▨▨

Ichusvdaj EP uceka`hvt esvvcap whnsc

]P uceka`hvt }bhuc wknphjc whnsc＂`k akp

`du}nht zbca W W zdvdaj ik`c＄

Hepdwc }kzcv

Vchepdwc }kzcv

]kzcv ghepkv

56




Hp Enkuc`. edvesdp fvchocv du hp enkuc` }kudpdka? hp K}ca. edvesdp

Akpc< Da pbc upha`hv` ekagdjsvhpdkau. pbc da}sp edvesdp bhu pbc ekaacepdka pk ha

crpcvahn 66=W@E ekapvkn }kzcv us}}nt! Zbca ak @E ekapvkn }kzcv us}}nt kv ekapvkn

utupci du hwhdnhfnc ka udpc. fsp h 88=W@E ekapvkn }kzcv us}}nt du hwhdnhfnc. h 88=W@E

ekapvkn }kzcv us}}nt iht fc suc` gkv `dvcep ekaacepdka pbvksjb nkehn bhv`zhvc

h`lsupicap. kv pbc 60W }kzcv us}}nt kg pbc `cwdec iht fc suc` hu pbc da}sp }kzcv us}}nt

"zbca pbc da}sp ekiika pcvidahn du /60W. pcvidahn asifcv< F80. Pcvidahn F=8 du oc}p

gnkhp$! Bkzcwcv. pbdu isup fc u}cedgdc` zbca kv`cvdaj!

Fdahvt Da}sp ↘ ↕

＜▨

knnct Vsa<▨

vknnct Pcup<▨

<▨

}vdaj< ▨

wt Jhu ＜▨

Jhu ＜▨

Pvd} ＜▨

i}! Hnhvi ＜▨

])vcndcg Pvd} ＜▨

〆〆〆〆〆〆

fvchocv du hp k}ca }kudpdka! Akpc< Pbc }kudpdka kg pbc edvesdp

fvchocv vcnhpcu pk }vkpcepdka nkjde. zdpb gdrc` }kudpdka!

Zbca enkuc`. pvknnct hp k}cvhpdaj }kudpdka

Zbca enkuc`. pvknnct hp pcup }kudpdka

Zbca enkuc`. enkuc` }kudpdka

Zbca enkuc`. cacvjt upkvhjc akp eki}ncpc`

Fvchocv

Pv

P

Chvpb Uzdpeb

U

Bch

Ndjbp

@cuevd}pdka whvdcu zdpb ik`cn. ucc ekvvcu}ka`daj

pcvidahn `dhjvhi gkv `cphdnu

Kwcv P

Pc

]snuc Cacvjt ↘ ↕

IE8＜▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨

IE6＜▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨

IE5＜▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨

IE0＜▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨▨

／▨▨▨▨▨▨▨º▨▨▨OZB

／▨▨▨▨▨▨▨º▨▨▨OWB

）▨▨▨▨▨▨▨º▨▨▨OZB

）▨▨▨▨▨▨▨º▨▨▨OWB

Heesisnhpdka kg pbc cwdec—u vchn)pdic hepdwc ha vchepdwc ehnesnhpdkau

kwcv pdic. / gkv }kudpdwc dvcepdka. ) gkv acjhpdwc dvcepdka!

Crpcvahn di}snuc cacvjt da}sp eksapdaj "0)zht$

]bhuc Hajnc ↘ ↕

Sh＜ = = = º= =½

Sf＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

Se＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

Dh＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

Df＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

De＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

DH＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

DF＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

DE＜▨▨▨º▨▨½

]bhuc hajnc vcnhpdwc pk Sh. Sh hu =½ ft cghsnp! Zbca zdvdaj

icpbk du WW. dp du}nhtu ndac wknphjcu vcnhpdwc pk Shf.pbc uhic hu

gknnkzu

]bhuc hajnc kg }vkpcepdka esvvcap vcnhpdwc pk Sh

]bhuc hajnc kg ichusvdaj esvvcap vcnhpdwc pk Sh

55




Bhvikade ↘ ↕

D6＜ ▨▨▨º▨▨#

D5＜ ▨▨▨º▨▨#

D0＜ ▨▨▨º▨▨#D3＜ ▨▨▨º▨▨#

〆〆〆〆〆〆

D88＜ ▨▨▨º▨▨#

6q88up bhvikadeu gkv zbdeb hahnkj ebhaacnu bhwc fcca ucncepc da utupci

@E Da}sp ↘ ↕

@E8＜▨▨▨º▨▨iH

@E6＜▨▨▨º▨▨iHCrpcvahn @E da}sp 0q6=iH "6)zht$

Udjahn vcwcvp

Pvd} Pdicu

Pkphn▨▨▨▨pdicu

Da pbc _Udjahn VcwcvpY icas. }vcuu pbc „Capcv’ oct. pbc udjahn vcnht ha` pbc „K}cvhpdka’

da`dehpkv ka pbc }hacn zdnn fc vcucp!

Vc}kvp @du}nht

Pbc _Vc}kvp @du}nhtY icas daens`cu 0 usficasu. daens`daj pvd} vc}kvp. vcikpc udjahnvc}kvp. cwcap vc}kvp ha` enchv vc}kvp! Cwcap vcekv`daj daens`cu< `cwdec ucng)ebceo ghsnp.

`cwdec ucppdaj whnsc ik`dgdehpdka. utupci }hvhicpcv ik`dgdehpdka ha` ucppdaj |kac

asifcv ik`dgdehpdka. cpe! Pvd} vc}kvp eha fc vcekv` gkv pbc nhup 3= cwcapu. vcikpc udjahn

vc}kvp gkv 8==. cwcap vc}kvp gkv 5= hp ikup! Fctka` pbdu. pbc nhpcup vc}kvp zdnn kwcvzvdpc pbc

chvndcup kac! ]vcuu pbc „Capcv’ oct pk capcv pbc ekvvcu}ka`daj _Pk wdcz rr vc}kvp. }nchuc

capcv vc}kvp asifcv< == Y icas. ha` capcv hat gdjsvc zdpbda upkvhjc wknsic. }vcuu pbc

„Capcv’ oct pk `du}nht pbc ekapcapu kg pbhp vc}kvp! Pbc uevcca du hu gknnkzu<

Vc}kvp Ak＜▨▨ ↕

6=▨▨)▨▨)▨▨

▨▨＜▨▨＜▨▨＜▨▨▨

▨▨▨▨▨▨

Vc}kvp Ak! kg pbdu vc}kvp

Tchv. ikapb. `ht. bksv. idaspc. uceka` ha`

idnnduceka` zbca dp pkko }nhec

Vc}kvp ekapcap `cuevd}pdka

]vcuu oct pk ucc pbc u}cedgde k}cvhpdka whnsc! ]vcuu ha` octu pk gnd} kwcv!

50




K}cvhpdka whnscu

Dh 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

Df 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

De 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ HShf 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ W

Sfe 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ W

Seh 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ W

D8 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

D6 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

D= 9 ▨▨º▨▨▨ H

S8 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

S6 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

S= 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

Sh 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

Sf 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

Se 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

D=lu 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

S=lu 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

D=N 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ H

@E8 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ iH

@E6 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ iH

G 9 ▨▨▨º▨▨ B|

]vkpcepdka EP uceka`hvt whnsc

]vkpcepdka ]P uceka`hvt whnsc

]kudpdwc. acjhpdwc. |cvk ucxscaec }vkpcepdka

esvvcap

]kudpdwc ucxscaec wknphjc

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec wknphjc

\cvk ucxscaec wknphjc

Fsu }bhuc wknphjc

Bdjb wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec esvvcap ehnesnhpc whnsc

|cvk ucxscaec wknphjc ehnesnhpc whnsc

Nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec esvvcap ehnesnhpc whnsc

Aka cncepvde @E

Gvcxscaet

Ksp}sp pcup

Hgpcv capcvdaj pbc _Ksp}sp PcupY icas. pbc ekvvcep }huuzkv` du vcxsdvc` pk capcv pbc

_Ksp}sp PcupY icas! Dp `du}nhtu pbc gknnkzdaj<

]vcuu „Capcv’ oct

‐‐‐‐‐‐１

＞‐‐‐‐‐‐

]vcuu „Ehaecn’ oct

0！Ksp}sp pcup ↘ ↕

@cwdec Ghdnsvc

Pvd} Udjahn

Hnhvi Udjahn

Ksp}sp 0

Ksp}sp 3

]VK Ksp}sp8

]VK Ksp}sp6

〆〆〆〆〆〆

K}cvhpc Hnn

@cwdec Ghdnsvc

Ka Kgg

53




Utupci }hvhicpcvu

Hgpcv capcvdaj pbc _Utupci ]hvhicpcvuY icas. pbc ekvvcep }huuzkv` du vcxsdvc` pk

capcv pbc _Utupci ]hvhicpcvuY icas! Dp `du}nhtu pbc gknnkzdaj<

3！]hvhicpcvu ↘↕

Ucppdaj \kac Ak!

Ekii! Ucppdaj

Fhude ]hvhicpcvu

@+H ucppdaj

]snuc Cacvjt

Pvd} Pdic Enchv

Ebhaacn Ekcg!

Ucppdaj |kac asifcv< vhajc ==q=:!

Ekiisadehpdka ucppdaj

Ekii! ucppdaj ↘ ↕

VU023 H``vcuu

▨▨

VU023 Fhs` vhpc

▨▨

]snuc Da}sp Pdic

▨▨▨▨iU

D] H``vcuu

▨▨▨! ▨▨▨! ▨▨▨! ▨▨▨

Usfacp Ihuo

▨▨▨! ▨▨▨! ▨▨▨! ▨▨▨

O Z @cghsnp

▨▨▨! ▨▨▨! ▨▨▨! ▨▨▨

Ekiisadehpdka h vcuu kg cwdec =8ｑ44

==＜6!0OF？=8＜0!2OF？=6＜4!7OF？=5＜

84!6OF？=0＜52!0OF？=3＜883!6OF

Ekagdvihpdka pdic kg 0)zht di}snuc

cacvjt. 18=iU. > di}snuc zd`pb kg

odnkzhpp)bksv icpcv

Gkv Cpbcvacp ekiisadehpdka

57




Ucppdaj kg fhude }hvhicpcvu "ucc pbc `cuevd}pdka kg pbc }vkpcepdka `cwdec gkv fhude

}hvhicpcvu$

F! ]hvhicpcvu< ↘↕

Vhpdaj Esvvcap▨▨

]P Vhpdk

▨▨▨▨

EP Vhpdk

▨▨▨▨

EP Zdvdaj Ik`c

▨▨

]P Zdvdaj Ik`c

▨▨

Bhvikade Ebhaacn

▨▨

〆〆〆〆〆〆

Ucppdaj pbc EP uceka`hvt esvvcap vhpdaj ==＜8H？

=8＜3H

Ucppdaj pbc ]P pvhaugkvihpdka vhpdk< 8ｑ83==

Ucppdaj pbc EP pvhaugkvihpdka vhpdk< 8ｑ3===

Ucppdaj pbc EP uceka`hvt zdvdaj ik`c

==＜5)}bhuc？=8＜6)}bhuc

Ucppdaj pbc EP uceka`hvt zdvdaj ik`c==＜＜TT？=8＜W W

Ucppdaj hahnkj xshapdpt ebhaacnu =q86 gkv bhvikade

ikadpkvdaj. ucncep= pk crdp gvki pbc bhvikade

ehnesnhpdka gsaepdka

@+H ucppdaj

Pbc `cwdec bhu pzk 0q6=iH ksp}spu! Pbc @H8q@H6 h`lsupicap ghepkv du suc` pk

h`lsup pbc heesvhet kg pbc ebhaacn ksp}sp! Pbc @H8q@H6 ebhaacn ucncepdka du suc` pk

ucncep pbc ekvvcu}ka`daj hahnkj xshapdpt ebhaacn "ucc pbc `cuevd}pdka kg pbc }vkpcepdka`cwdec gkv u}cedgde vcgcvcaec xshapdpdcu$! Da pbc heesvhet pcup. ihoc usvc pbc gdcn` jvksa`

du da jkk` ekaphep? kpbcvzduc pbc heesvhet idjbp fc hggcepc`!

]snuc cacvjt ucppdaj

Cacvjt fhuc asifcvu eha fc ucp. daens`daj Di}snuc 8. Di}snuc 6. Di}snuc 5. Di}snuc

0. }kudpdwc hepdwc cacvjt. }kudpdwc vchepdwc cacvjt. acjhpdwc hepdwc cacvjt ha` acjhpdwc

vchepdwc cacvjt!

Enchv pvd} eksap

Suc` gkv enchvdaj pbc pvd} eksap!

Ucppdaju

Hgpcv capcvdaj pbc }huuzkv`. tks eha capcv pbc _Whnsc UcppdajY icas! Ucc pbc ucppdaju

`cuevd}pdka kg pbc }vkpcepdka `cwdec gkv pbc `cphdnc` `cuevd}pdka!

Enkeo ucppdaj

H fhppcvt)fheo vchn)pdic enkeo du }vkwd`c` da pbc `cwdec. zbdeb eha }cvgkvi pdic

h`lsup vcikpcnt wdh pbc ekiisadehpdka acpzkvo kv da)udpc pdic h`lsup da pbc _Pdic UcppdajY

icas!

5:




Capcv pbdu icas ha` }vcuu pbc „Capcv’ oct. pbc

enkeo zdnn upk} vcgvcubdaj ha` h esvukv zdnn h}}chv!

Ikwc pbc esvukv pk pbc `cudvc` }kudpdka gkv

ik`dgdehpdka ft }vcuudaj pbc „„. „„ octu. ik`dgt

pk pbc `cudvc` whnsc zdpb pbc „/’. „)’ octu! ]vcuu pbc

„Capcv’ oct pk eki}ncpc ucppdaj! Dg pbc „Ehaecn’ oct

du }vcuuc`. pbc ucppdaj zdnn fc ehaecnnc` ha` pbc

uevcca ekapdascu pk vcgvcub pbc enkeo!

]huuzkv`

Pbc _]huuzkv`Y icas du suc` pk ik`dgt pbc }huuzkv` gkv capvt dapk pbc Ucppdaju.

Utupci }hvhicpcvu ha` Ksp}sp Pcup usficasu! Pbc dadpdhn }huuzkv` du }vkwd`c` ft pbc

ghepkvt! Pbc sadwcvuhn }huuzkv` du „8===’!

Ikwc pbc esvukv pk pbc `cudvc` }kudpdka gkv

ik`dgdehpdka ft }vcuudaj pbc „„. „„ octu.

ik`dgt pk pbc `cudvc` }huuzkv` zdpb pbc „/’. „)’

octu! ]vcuu pbc „Capcv’ oct pk capcv pbc acz

}huuzkv` ucppdaj icas hu hfkwc? }vcuu pbc

„Ehaecn’ oct pk ehaecn pbc ucppdaj!

:! Enkeo ucppdaj

@hpc＜6=▨▨）▨▨）▨▨

Pdic＜ ▨▨＜▨▨＜▨▨

]nu capcv }huuzkv`

= = = =

J]U enkeo utaebvkad|hpdka

Pbc J]U enkeo utaebvkad|hpdka udjahn du da}sp hu vu023 `dggcvcapdhn wknphjc. pbc `cwdecdu hfnc pk vcecdwc J]U enkeo idaspc utaebvkad|hpdka"kv uceka` utaebvkad|hpdka$! Dg pbcvc

du J]U udjahn. pbcvc zdnn fc ha` gnhubdaj ka pbc fkppki kg etenc icas? kpbcvzduc

zka—p!

Pbc }vdaed}nc kg J]U enkeo utaebvkad|hpdka< Pbc uceka` }snuc kv idaspc }snuc hep

zdpb pbc ikadpkvdaj utupci. pbc pdic fhuc zdpb uceka` }vcedudka du ucap ft ikadpkvdaj

utupci. zbca pbc J]U uceka` `dggcvcapdhn udjahn hvvdwcu. pbc pdic fhuc du sadgdc` ha` pbc

idnnducekaù hvc enchvc`!

Wcvudka Dagk

Capcv pbc _4! Wcvudka DagkY icas sa`cv pbc ihda icas. pbc ik`cn. ukgpzhvc wcvudka

ha` `hpc kg pbc `cwdec zdnn fc `du}nhtc`!

Akpc< Gkv h ekvvcu}ka`daj akaupha`hv` ik`cn. pbc `cwdec—u `du}nhtc` ik`cn `kcu akp

bhwc pk fc ebhajc`!

7!！！ Ebceo！！！！！kg }vkpcepdka gsaepdka！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！7!8 Ebceo kg kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka "Kwcvesvvcap$

Kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka bhu pbvcc ucjicapu? pbcuc hvc dauphaphacksu kwcvesvvcap

}vkpcepdka. pbc pdic `cnht dauphaphacksu }vkpcepdka kwcvesvvcap `cgdadpc)pdic ndidp

52




IP]V)78=Bf

@8"5.3$

@6"0.7$ H=8

@83

@8:

@84 H=6

@87"82.6=$

Dh—"Df—.De—$

Dh"Df.De$

Sh

Sf]kzcv us}}nt

Se

Sh—"Sf—〈Se—$

}vkpcepdka! Dp eha fc ucp ha` }sp da+kgg vcu}cepdwcnt! Pbc pbvcc }vkpcepdkau bhwc uhic

}vdaed}nc! Phoc dauphaphacksu kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka hu ha crhi}nc pk cr}nhda! Ekaacep

hu gdjsvc 7)8. }sp dauphaphacksu kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka ha` dauphaphacksu kwcvesvvcap

eki}ksa`c` wknphjc fnkeo da vsaadaj!

Gdjsvc 7)8

Ucp da heekv`haec zdpb pbc phfnc hu gknnkz. phoc pbc k}cvhpdaj whnsc ha` occ} dp da pbc

phfnc! Zbca dauphaphacksu kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82．F63)F67

ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

Esvvcap ucppdaj kg

dauphaphacksu kwcv

esvvcap }vkpcepdka"H$

Da 6Da 3Da 8=Da

K}cvhpdaj whnsc

Da}sp 5=W gkv SFE

ha` esvvcap kg }bhuc

H. phoc SFE hu pbc

fhudu ha` ubdgp

esvvcap pk ebceo pbc

k}cvhpdaj |kacK}cvhpdaj |kac

Esvvcap ucppdaj kg

dauphaphacksu kwcv


Da 6Da 3Da 8=Da

K}cvhpdaj whnsc

Da}sp 5=W gkv SEH


F. phoc SEH hu pbc

fhudu ha` ubdgp



Esvvcap ucppdaj kg

dauphaphacksu kwcv


Da 6Da 3Da 8=Da

K}cvhpdaj whnsc

Da}sp 5=W gkv SHF


E. phoc SHF hu pbc

fhudu ha` ubdgp



54




Sa`cv wknphjc ucppdaj

"W$6= 0= 7= 2=

K}cvhpdaj whnsc kg

sa`cv wknphjc

Ucppdaj kg acjhpdwc

ucxscaec wknphjc"W$3 8= 83 6=

Ucp kwcvesvvcap

whnsc zdpb 3H. da}sp

esvvcap 7H

K}cvhpdaj whnsc kg

acjhpdwc ucxscaec

wknphjc

7!6 Ebceo kg dawcvuc pdic ndidp kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka "DP Kwcvesvvcap$

Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)8! ]sp dawcvuc pdic ndidp kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka da vsaadaj!

Ebkkuc h oda` kg esvwc da dawcvuc pdic ndidp ebhvhepcvdupde esvwc ucppdaj＂=8<Upha`hv`

dawcvuc pdic ndidp?=6<Sasushn dawcvuc pdic ndidp?=5<Crpvcic dawcvuc pdic ndidp?=0<Nkaj

dawcvuc pdic ndidp＄．ucp dawcvuc pdic ndidp ekauphapπ} =!3=u．dawcvuc pdic ndidp esvvcap D}

3H!Dawcvuc pdic ndidp ucppdaju hvc da heekv`haec zdpb phfnc hu gknnkz! Zbca pbc dawcvuc

pdic ndidp kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82〈F63)67 ha` F6:)F62

ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

Esvwc Pbc k}cvhpdaj esvvcap＂H＄ 6D}"H$ 5D}"H$ 3D}"H$

Pbckvcpdehn k}cvhpdaj pdic＂u＄ 3!8=3u 5!83u 6!80=u=8<Upha`hv`

dawcvuc

D}93H．π}9=!3u Pbc vchn k}cvhpdaj pdic＂u＄

Pbckvcpdehn k}cvhpdaj pdic＂u＄ 7!:3=u 5!5:3u 8!722u=6<Sasushn

dawcvuc


Pbckvcpdehn k}cvhpdaj pdic＂u＄ 85!555u 3!===u 8!77:u=5<Crpvcic

dawcvuc


Pbckvcpdehn k}cvhpdaj pdic＂u＄ 7=!===u 5=!===u 83!===u=0<Nkaj dawcvuc


7!5 Ebceo kg acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka "AU Kwcvesvvcap$

Pbc acjhpdwc ucxscaec esvvcap du ehnesnhpc` ft }vkpcepdka esvvcapu! Ekaacep hu gdjsvc

7)8!

7!:!8 Acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap `cgdadpc pdic ndidp }vkpcepdka]sp acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap `cgdadpc pdic ndidp }vkpcepdka da vsaadaj. da}sp pbvcc

0=




}vkpcepdka esvvcapu hu acjhpdwc ucxscaec ik`c! Ucp da heekv`haec zdpb pbc phfnc hu

gknnkz. phoc pbc k}cvhpdaj whnsc ha` occ} dp da pbc phfnc!

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec esvvcap "H$ =!6Da =!0 Da =!7 Da =!2 Da

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec `cnht "u$ 8= 3 6 8

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec esvvcap

k}cvhpdaj whnsc "H$

Acjhpdwc ucxscaec `cnht

k}cvhpdaj pdic "u$

7!:!6 Acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap dawcvuc pdic ndidp }vkpcepdka

]sp acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap dawcvuc pdic ndidp }vkpcepdka da vsaadaj. da}sp pbvcc

}vkpcepdka esvvcapu hu acjhpdwc ucxscaec ik`c! Dau}cep pbdu }vkpcepdka heekv`daj hu

kwcvesvvcap dawcvuc pdic ndidp }vkpcepdka phfnc!

Zbca acjhpdwc ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82．

F63)67 ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

7!0 Ebceo kg kwcvnkh` }vkpcepdka "Kwcvnkh`$

Kwcvnkh` }vkpcepdka sucu pbc ihrdihn esvvcap pk ls`jc. pvd} kv hnhvi eha fc ebkuca．

Dg }sp kwcvnkh` pvd} da vsaadaj. hnhvi gsaepdka crdpu hspkihpdehnnt! Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)6. }sp

kwcvnkh` hnhvi da vsaadaj!

Gdjsvc 7)6


phfnc! Zbca kwcvnkh` hnhvi du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F84)6= ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

]sp kwcvnkh` pvd} da vsaadaj. zbca kwcvnkh` pvd} du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67

ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

Kwcvnkh` esvvcap"H$

Dh"Df〈De$

Dh—"Df—〈De—$

]kzcv us}}nt

IP]V)78=Bf

@8"5.3$ H=8

@6"0.7$

H=6

3 8= 83 6=

Kwcvnkh` `cnht"u$ 8= 3 6 8

Kwcvnkh` esvvcap

k}cvhpdaj whnsc "H$

Kwcvnkh` `cnht

k}cvhpdaj whnsc "u$

08




7!3 Ebceo kg |cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka "\U Kwcvwknphjc$

\cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka sucu k}ca ikspb pvdhajnc wknphjc gvki kspud`c!

Pvd} kv hnhvi eha fc ebkuca．Dg }sp kwcvnkh` pvd} da vsaadaj. hnhvi gsaepdka crdpu

hspkihpdehnnt! Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)5. }sp \cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc hnhvi da vsaadaj!

S=

S=—

/ZE

)ZE

]kzcv us}}nt

IP]V)78=Bf

@68 H=8

@66

F=6 H=6

F=8

Gdjsvc 7)5


phfnc! Zbca \cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc hnhvi du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F84)6=. ubksn` fc

ekaacepc`!

]sp \cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc pvd} da vsaadaj. Zbca \cvk ucxscaec Kwcvwknphjc

pvd} du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67 ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

\cvk ucxscaecKwcvwknphjc "W$

8= 6= 5= 3=

\cvk ucxscaec8 8= 3= 8==

Kwcvwknphjc `cnht"u$


k}cvhpdaj whnsc "W$


`cnht k}cvhpdaj whnsc "u$

7!7 Ebceo kg |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka "\U Kwcvesvvcap$

\cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka bhu pbvcc ucjicapu! Dp eha fc ucp ha` }sp

da+ksp vcu}cepdwcnt! Pbcuc pbvcc }vkpcepdkau bhwc uhic }vdaed}nc．phoc |cvk ucxscaec

kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka D hu ha crhi}nc pk cr}nhda! Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)0. }sp |cvk

ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka D da vsaadaj!

06




IP]V)78=Bf

@83

@87 H=8

@68

@66 H=6

@=:

@=2

]kzcv us}}nt5S=

5S=

5D=

5D=

Sh

Sh—

Gdjsvc 7)0


phfnc! Zbca |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67

ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`! "Phoc TT ekaacepdka hu ha crhi}nc$

Ichusvc` S="W$ ≣83 ≣83 ≣83 ≣83

Ehnesnhpc 5S=" S=lu$ ≣83 ≣83 ≣83 ≣83

\cvk ucxscaec esvvcap

ucppdaj "H$=!6= =!3= 8!== 8!3=

K}cvhpdaj whnsc

K}cvhpdaj hvch

7!: Ebceo kg nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka"SW \U KE$

Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)3. pk dau}cep nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap

}vkpcepdka!

7!:!8 Nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap zdpb `cgdadpc)pdic `cnht

]sp nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap zdpb `cgdadpc)pdic `cnht }vkpcepdka da

vsaadaj. da}sp esvvcapu. Ucp da heekv`haec zdpb pbc phfnc hu gknnkz. phoc pbc k}cvhpdaj

whnsc ha` occ} dp da pbc phfnc!

Nkz)wknphjc |cvkucxscaec esvvcap "H$

3 8= 83 6=

@cgdadpc pdic

ndidp `cnht "u$8= 3 6 8

Nkz)wknphjc |cvk ucxscaec

esvvcap k}cvhpdaj whnsc "H$

@cgdadpc pdic ndidp


05




7!:!6 Nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap zdpb dawcvuc)pdic `cnht

]sp nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap zdpb dawcvuc)pdic `cnht }vkpcepdka da

vsaadaj. da}sp esvvcapu. ebceoksp icpbk` vcgcvu pk dawcvuc pdic ndidp kwcvesvvcap

}vkpcepdka!

Gdjsvc 7)3

Zbca nkz wknphjc ud`c |cvk ucxscaec kwcvesvvcap }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu

F8:)82. F63)67 ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

7!2 Ebceo kg wknphjc }vkpcepdka "Wknphjc ]vkpcep$

7!2!8 Ebceo kg Sa`cvwknphjc }vkpcepdka"$

Sa`cvwknphjc }vkpcepdka sucu pbc ihrdihn ndac wknphjc pk ls`jc. dp eha ebkkuc ]P

ghdnsvc pk fnkeo Sa`cvwknphjc }vkpcepdka! Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)7. }sp Sa`cvwknphjc

}vkpcepdka. ]P ghdnsvc hnhvi ha` ]P ghdnsvc fnkeo da vsaadaj!

D=N

D=N

]kzcv us}}nt

IP]V)78=Bf

@65"5.3$ H=8

@60"0.7$

H=6

Sh"Sf.Se$

Sh—"Sf—.Se—$

]kzcv us}}nt

IP]V)78=Bf

@8"5.3$

H=8

@6"0.7$

F=8

H=6

F=6

Fvchocv huuduphap

ekaphep

Gdjsvc 7)7

Ucp da heekv`haec zdpb pbc phfnc hu gknnkz. phoc pbc k}cvhpdaj wknphjc ha` occ} dp da

pbc phfnc! Zbca Sa`cvwknphjc }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67 ha`

F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`! Udisnhpc ]P ghdnsvc. Zbca ]P ghdnsvc bh}}cau.

Sa`cvwknphjc }vkpcepdka zdnn fc fnkeoc`!

00




Sa`cvwknphjc43 4= 23 2=

ucppdaj whnsc "W$

Sa`cvwknphjc `cnht "u$ 8= 3 6 8

Sa`cvwknphjc

k}cvhpdaj whnsc"W$

Sa`cvwknphjc `cnht

k}cvhpdaj whnsc "u$

7!2!6 Ebceo kg Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka"$

Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka sucu pbc ihrdihn ndac wknphjc pk ls`jc! Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)7.

}sp Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka da vsaadaj．ha` udisnhpc pbc fvchocv enkuc`!

Ucp da heekv`haec zdpb pbc phfnc hu gknnkz. phoc pbc k}cvhpdaj wknphjc ha` occ} dp da

pbc phfnc! Zbca Kwcvwknphjc }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67 ha`

F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

Kwcvwknphjc

ucppdaj whnsc "W$8=3 88= 883 86=

Kwcvwknphjc `cnht "u$ 8= 3 6 8

Kwcvwknphjc

k}cvhpdaj whnsc"W$

Kwcvwknphjc `cnht

k}cvhpdaj whnsc "u$

7!4 Ebceo kg fk`t }vkpcepdka

]sp bchwt jhu pvd}. ndjbp jhu hnhvi. Kwcv pci}cvhpsvc pvd}．pci}cvhpsvc hnhvi ha`

}vcuusvc vcndcg pvd} da vsaadaj. ekaacep pcvidahn F=8 zdpb pbc ehpbk`c kg pbc @E }kzcv

us}}nt＂Phoc fdahvt da}sp ekaacepdaj zdpb @E66=W }kzcv hu ha crhi}nc＄.hak`c ekaacepu

pcvidahnu F=:ｑF88 vcu}cepdwcnt! Zbca bchwt jhu pvd}. Kwcv pci}cvhpsvc pvd}. }vcuusvc

vcndcg pvd} }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67 ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc

ekaacepc`? Zbca ndjbp jhu hnhvi. pci}cvhpsvc hnhvi }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu

F84)F6= ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

7!8= Ebceo kg aka)cncepvde xshapdpt }vkpcepdka "Aka)cncepvde$

Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7):. }sp aka)cncepvde xshapdpt }vkpcepdka da vsaadaj? phoc

aka)cncepvde xshapdpt }vkpcepdka 8 hu ha crhi}nc!

03




@EUDa/

@EUDa)

]kzcv us}}nt

IP]V)78=Bf

@63 H=8

@67

H=6

Gdjsvc 7):


phfnc! Zbca pbc }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67 ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc

ekaacepc`!

Ucppdaj whnsc kg aka)cncepvde xshapdpt

8 esvvcap "iH$3 8= 83 82

@cnht kg aka)cncepvde

xshapdpt 8 esvvcap "u$8= 3 6 8


k}cvhpdaj whnsc "iH$



7!88 Ebceo kg ]P ghdnsvc ha` EP ghdnsvc "]P+EP Ghdnsvc$

Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)8. ha` hnuk ekaacep pbc fvchocv huuduphap ekaphep. udisnhpc ]P

ghdnsvc kv EP ghdnsvc. pbca pbc `cwdec zdnn uca` hnhvi udjahn. pcvidahnu F84)F6= zdnn fc

ekaacepc`!

7!86 Ebceo kg sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj }vkpcepdka "Sa`cv)gvcxscaet$

Sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj }vkpcepdka—u gvcxscaet h`k}pu pbc gvcxscaet kg wknphjc

Shf !Pk hwkd` fsvpbca gcc`fheo．gvcxscaet und} fnkeo"eha }sp da+ksp$ ha` nkz esvvcap fnkeohvc h`k}pc`〆Pk hwkd` idu)k}cvhpdaj kg sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj }vkpcepdka fcehsuc kg

wknphjc `cendadaj pkk ghup. dp bhu nkz wknphjc fnkeo! Ekaacep hu gdjsvc 7)2 . }sp

sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj }vkpcepdka da vsaadaj〆]sp und} fnkeo da vsaadaj dg ichusvdaj und}

gvcxscaet! Zbca ichusvc` pbc k}cvhpdaj whnsc kg gvcxscaet ha` `cnht pdic .}nchuc }sp

und} fnkeo ksp kg vsaadaj. da kv`cv pk }vcwcap dagnscaec kg hepdka heesvhet!

07




Sh"Sf$

Sh—"Sf—$

]kzcv us}}nt

IP]V)78=Bf

@8

H=8

@6@83"8:$

H=6

@87"82$

Dh

Dh—

Gdjsvc 7)2


phfnc! Zbca sa`cv)gvcxscaet sankh`daj }vkpcepdka du k}cvhpc`. pcvidahnu F8:)82. F63)67ha` F6:)F62 ubksn` fc ekaacepc`!

Sa`cv)gvcx!Whnsc "B|$ 04!3 04 02!3 02

Nkz Esvvcap Nkeo "H$ =!3 =!3 8 8

Sa`cvwknp! Nkeo "W$ 8= 6= 5= 7=

`g+`p Nkeo "B|+u$ 5 0 3 :

Sa`cv)gvcx!Pdic "u$ =!3 8 6 5

Gvcxscaet k}cvhpdaj whnsc "B|$

@cnht pdic k}cvhpdaj whnsc "u$

Und} k}cvhpdaj whnsc "B|+u$

0:




H``ca`si 8＜ @dhjvhi kg pcvidahnu

Gdjsvc 8 Pcvidahn `dhjvhi kg IP]V)78=Bf idevkeki}spcv pvhaugkvicv }vkpcepdka ha`

ikadpkvdaj `cwdec

]snuc 8＂IE8＄

@67

@62@6:

@63 @EUDa8/

@EUDa8)

@EUDa6)

@EUDa6/

H=:

H=4H=2

H88

H86H85H80H83H87

H8:

H8=

)ZE

/ZE

H82

H6=H84

H66

H60H65

H68

E=8 J]UH

J]UF

E=5

E=3E=0

E=6EKI8H

E=:

E=7

EKI8H

EKI8F

E=4

E=2

EKI8F

E88E8=

E86

E83

E80

@EU8/

E87

@EU8)E82

@EU6)E6=E84 @EU6/

E8:

E85

Vsa

A c p 8

A c p 6

EKI8

EKI6

@ c f s j

EKI6F

EKI6F

EKI6H

EKI6H

DF*

D=*

HE

DH*

De*

Df*

Dh*

SE]

F55

F57F53

F50

F56F58

F5=

H=5 F83

H=3H=7

H=0

F66

F64

F62F6:F67F63F60

F65

@65

@68

@84

@8:

F6=F68

F84

F87

F82F8:

@83

@85

DH

@88

@=4

D=

H=8

H=6

F=:

F88

F85

F80

F86

F=4F=2

F8=

KGG@=:

DF

@=3 De

@=5 Df

8 h

F=5F=0F=3

F=7

F=8@= D

KA

F=6

]KZCV D+K

@60

@66

@6=

@82

@87

@80

@86

@8=

@=2

@=7

@=0

@=6

DE DE*

Sh Sh*

Sf Sf*

"/60W$

]snuc 6＂IE6＄

]snuc 5＂IE5＄

]snuc 0＂IE0＄

S=*S=

Se*Se

8!Dh.Df.De hvc }vkpcepdka esvvcapu!6!D= du |cvk)ucxscaec esvvcap!5!DH.DF.DE hvc ichusvdaj esvvcap!0!Sh.Sf.Se hvc fsu wknphjcu!3!S= du |cvk)ucxscaec wknphjc!7!D=N du |cvk)ucxscaec esvvcap hpnkz wknphjc ud`c!:!@EUDa du 6)zht 0ｑ6=iH @E da}sp!2!Acp8.Acp6 hvc cpbcvacp dapcvghecu.EKI8.EKI6 hvc 023 dapcvghecu!4! Dg /60W ka DK fkhv` du upha`hvèkagdjsvhpdka kv akp.dp du suc`

hu ha da}sp }kzcv us}}nt kant zbcasudaj dapcvahn 60W!

D=N D=N*

02




H``ca`si 6＜ Pt}dehn zdvdaj `dhjvhi kg pbc `cwdec

K s p } s p 8 = A k v i h n n t

E n k u c `

K s p } s p

8 =

E k i i k a

K s p } s p 8 = A k v i h n n t

K } c a

K s p } s p 4 A k v i h n n t

E n k u c `

K s p } s p

4

E k i i k a

K s p } s p 4 A k v i h n n t

K } c a

] V K P

K s p } s p

6

] V K P

K s p } s p

6

] V K P

K s p } s p

8

] V K P

K s p } s p

8

K s p } s p

3

K s p } s p

3

P v d }

U d j a h n

P v d }

U d j a h n

@ c w d e c

G h d n s v c

d j a h n

@ c w d e c

G h d n s v c

d j a h n

U } v d a j

C h v p b

U z d p e b

P v k n n c t

p c u p

P v k n n c t

v s a

F v c h o c v

us}}nt)

us}}nt/Acp 6

Acp 8Cpbcvacp }kvp

K s p } s p E k a p h e p 2

K s p } s p E k a p h e p 2

@EUDa8)

@EUDa6)

\cvk)ucxscaecesvvcapIchusvdaj esvvcap\cvk)ucxscaec

esvvcap]vkpcepdka esvvcap

\cvk)ucxscaecwknphjc

Fsu wknphjc

Akpc<8!Hu ubkza hu da pbc gdjsvc.\O＂vcikpc+nkehn ebhajckwcv uzdpeb＄ha` OO＂ihashn k}cvhpdka uzdpeb＄hvc iksapc` ka

pbc uzdpebfkhv` }hacn! Zbca vcikpc+nkehn ebhajckwcv uzdpeb ha` ihashn uzdpeb ka `cwdec }hacn hvc suc`. pbc pcvidahnH68 du ekaacepc` pk /OI!

6!Hu ubkza da pbc gdjsvc.]P uceka`hvt du ztc)ekaacepc`. zbca W)W zdvdaj du }vcucap. pcvidahnu @83.@6= hvcekaacepc` pk }bhuc H kg ]P uceka`hvt．pcvidahnu @87.@8: hvc ekaacepc` pk }bhuc F kg ]P uceka`hvt.pcvidahnu @82.@84hvc ekaacepc` pk }bhuc E kg ]P uceka`hvt!

Ubdcn`c` jvksa`

B c h w t

J h u

DE DE*

]snuc ekiika }kdap ／60W

Acjhpdwc vchepdwc }snuc

Acjhpdwc hepdwc }snuc

]kudpdwc vchepdwc }snuc

]kudpdwc hepdwc }snuc

@EUDa6/

@EU6)

@EU6/

@EU8)

@EUDa8/

]snuc 0＂ 0＄

]snuc 5＂＄

Edvesdpfvchocv

S= S=* D=ND=N*Se*SeSf*SfSh*Sh DF*DFDH*DH

@EU8/

EKI F

EKI F

EKI H

EKI H

Ubdcn`c` jvksa`

EKI F

EKI F

EKI H

EKI H

]snuc ekiika}kdap／60W

]snuc 6＂ 6＄

]snuc 8＂＄

D a } s p e k i i k a

} k d a p )

N d j b p

J h u

P c i } !

H n h v i

K w c v

P

P v d }

] ) v c n d c g

P v d }

D a } s p

8 8

D a } s p

8 6

/ZE

Ihashn pvd} da}sp

Vcikpc ekapvknpvd}

Ihashn enkudajda}sp

Vcikpc ekapvknenkusvc

Vcikpc ekapvknekiika }kdap

)ZE

Enkusvc ekdn

Pvd} }kudpdkaikadpkvdaj

Pvd} ekdn

Enkudaj }kudpdkaikadpkvdaj

Enkusvc}kudpdka

Pvd}}kudpdka

@cwdec }kzcv

Ubdcn`c` jvksa`

]kzcv kgg

@cwdec }kzcv

K}cvhpdajedvesdp

`duekaacepc`

Dh Dh* Df Df* De De* D= D=*

D+K }nsj)da sadp

HE }nsj)da

Cpbcvacp }kvp

@cfsjjdaj }kvp

Sucv*u Ihashn gkv IP]V)78=Bf pvhaugkvicv

}vkpcepdka ha` ikadpkvdaj `cwdec

)ZE

/ZE

} n

s j ) d a s a d p

H E

} n s j ) d a

] k z c v

} n s j ) d a s a d p

E ] S

/ 6 6 = W

)6 6 = W

H n h v i

d j a h n

H n h v i

d j a h n

K s p } s p

0

K s p } s p

0

Gdjsvc 6 Pt}dehn zdvdaj `dhjvhi kg IP]V)78=Bf pvhaugkvicv }vkpcepdka ha`

ikadpkvdaj `cwdec

04




H``ca`si 5< K}cvhpdaj edvesdp kg IR]V)7==Bf ucvdcu `cwdec

Pvh`dpdkahn k}cvhpdaj edvesdpu hvc uphvpc` ft esvvcap. zbdnc h wknphjc ihdaphdadaj edvesdp

vchnd|cu cncepvde pvd} }vcwcapdka! Ha hapd)pvd} vcnht zdnn fc ucncepc` `c}ca`daj ka pbc esvvcap

kg pbc pvd}+enkudaj edvesdp kg pbc edvesdp fvchocv! Bkzcwcv. pbdu bhu }kkv jcacvhndpt ha` eha

bhv`nt fc vchnd|c` gkv edvesdp fvchocvu zdpb nkz pvd} ha` enkudaj esvvcapu "useb hu 8=OW

edvesdp fvchocvu gvki HCJ Eki}hat da Jcvihat. zbkuc pvd} ha` enkudaj esvvcapu hvc akp

jvchpcv pbha =!6H$! Pk udi}ndgt zdvdaj ha` `cudja gdahnd|hpdka. ha` pk di}vkwc pbc jcacvhndpt

kg pbc }vk`sep. zc kggcv h acz k}cvhpdaj edvesdp ubkza fcnkz!

PFL6

PFLPEL8

UBL

TPL

BFLH6=

BFL

PEL6

UPL

UPL

8N]

La

Pa5

Pa0

BZL

H8=

PZLH=4

@NH85

BZL

PZL

H=2PZL

H86

BZLH80

H6=

H=:

H88

PEL

UBL

PFL8

Pa6

H60

Pa8

La

H66

TBL

H82

H84

H8:

H65

H83

PX@N

BX@N

OO20 3

\O6

6N]

:OO

727\O

5\O

8

H87

Uebcihpde `dhjvhi kg k}cvhpdaj edvesdp

3=




Da pbc `dhjvhi. OO du h pvh`dpdkahn k}cvhpdaj uzdpeb. suc` gkv ihashn pvd}+enkudaj

k}cvhpdkau? \O du h ebhajckwcv uzdpeb. suc` gkv ebhajckwcv kg nkehn ha` vcikpc ekapvkn!

Zbca \O du hp pbc „Vcikpc’ }kudpdka. pbc }kzcv kg pbc vcikpc ekapvkn edvesdp zdnn fc

uzdpebc` ka. d!c!. Pcvidahn H66 kg pbc `cwdec du ekaacepc` pk /OI. ha` pbc }kzcv kg pbc

ihashn k}cvhpdaj edvesdp du esp kgg. `duhfndaj ihashn enkudaj ha` ihashn pvd}! Ka pbc

ekapvhvt. zbca \O du hp pbc „Nkehn’ }kudpdka. pbc }kzcv kg pbc ihashn k}cvhpdaj edvesdp du

uzdpebc` ka ha` pbhp kg pbc vcikpc ekapvkn edvesdp du esp kgg!

Akpc< Pbc `kppc` ndac kspndacu pbc dapcvahn edvesdp kg pbc }vkpcepdka `cwdec! Hnn ksv

`cwdecu ihvoc` zdpb „hapd)pvd} edvesdp’ hvc `cudjac` ka pbdu k}cvhpdaj edvesdp!

Pcvidahnu Pa8. Pa6 ekvvcu}ka`daj pk pbc }vkpcepdka vcnht La hvc `cpcvidac` ft pbc

ekvvcu}ka`daj }vkpcepdka ksp}sp ekapvkn zkv`! La eha fc hat kac kv ikvc kg ]vkpcepdka

ksp}spu 8)2!

Zbcpbcv nkehn kv vcikpc ekapvkn. pbc }vceka`dpdka pk lsi} du Pcvidahn H83 kg pbc `cwdec du

hnzhtu ekaacepc` pk /OI! Hgpcv ihashn kv vcikpc ekapvknnc` enkudaj. dg h ubkvp)edvesdp ghsnp

keesvu. pbc }vkpcepdka zdnn k}cvhpc pk pvd} pbc edvesdp fvchocv! Pbksjb Pcvidahn H83 kg pbc

`cwdec du ekaacepc` pk /OI. pbc enkudaj edvesdp du `duekaacepc` ft PFL8 ha` zdnn akp fc enkuc`

hjhda! Da pbdu zht. edvesdp fvchocv lsi} du cggcepdwcnt }vcwcapc`!

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Transformer Protection Relays and Monitoring Device