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Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pur
due
Uni
vers
ity1
On
the
Web
at:
http
://w
ww
.agr
y.pu
rdue
.edu
/ext
/Tra
nsge
nic_
Cro
ps-2
001.
Tran
sgen
ic C
rops
in I
ndia
na
Bob
Nie
lsen
Purd
ue U
nive
rsity
Emai
l: rn
iels
en@
purd
ue.e
duW
eb:
http
://w
ww
.kin
gcor
n.or
g
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity2
Gen
etic
Cro
p Im
prov
emen
tTh
e ‘o
ld-f
ashi
oned
’ way
to
achi
eve
gene
tic
impr
ovem
ent
in c
orn
and
soy
was
thr
ough
tr
aditi
onal
sex
ual a
cts
amon
g co
nsen
ting,
or
som
etim
es n
ot c
onse
ntin
g, p
lant
s of
the
sam
e sp
ecie
s.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity3
‘Nat
ural
’ Cor
n Pl
ant
Sex
Polle
n pr
oduc
ed in
th
e ta
ssel
ant
hers
co
ntai
ns t
he m
ale
gene
tic m
ater
ial.
Gra
vity
, win
d or
hum
an
inte
rven
tion
allo
ws
the
polle
n to
fer
tiliz
e th
e ov
ules
.
This
‘nat
ural
’ sex
has
be
en g
oing
on
for
thou
sand
s of
yea
rs!
Ovu
les
prod
uced
on
the
ears
con
tain
the
fem
ale
gene
tic m
ater
ial.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity4
Res
ults
of
‘Nat
ural
’ Cro
p Se
x
Dom
estic
atio
n of
cro
ps.
Impr
oved
cro
p tr
aits
for
en
hanc
ed y
ield
and
/or
grai
n qu
ality
.G
enet
ic m
odifi
catio
n (G
M)
of c
rop
spec
ies
by:
Rea
rran
gem
ent
of g
enes
with
in a
spe
cies
via
na
tura
l or
dire
cted
-pol
linat
ion
Inco
rpor
atio
n of
gen
es f
rom
“w
ild”
or “
clos
e”
rela
tives
via
nat
ural
cro
ss-p
ollin
atio
nIm
age
Sour
ce:
USD
A, I
mag
e N
umbe
r K7
743-
13ht
tp:/
/ww
w.a
rs.u
sda.
gov/
is/g
raph
ics/
phot
os/
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity5
‘Nat
ural
’ GM
of
Crop
s W
orks
!
Indi
ana
corn
gra
in y
ield
s ha
ve in
crea
sed
by 1
.6
bush
els
per
acre
per
yea
r fo
r th
e la
st 7
0 ye
ars.
Pr
imar
ily d
ue t
o ‘n
atur
al’
gene
tic m
odifi
catio
n (G
M)
and
impr
oved
cro
p pr
oduc
tion
tech
nolo
gies
.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity6
But,
som
e w
orry
…Th
e an
nual
yie
ld g
ain
(1.6
bu/
ac/y
r) a
s a
perc
ent
of
the
yiel
d po
tent
ial o
f th
e co
rn c
rop
has
been
de
crea
sing
for
the
pas
t 70
yea
rs.
Nag
ging
Que
stio
n:Ca
n w
e ke
ep u
p w
ith
the
incr
easi
ng g
loba
l ne
ed f
or f
ood?
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity7
Lim
its t
o Cr
op B
reed
ing?
Slow
pro
cess
to
deve
lop
new
var
ietie
s.N
ot u
ncom
mon
for
8 –
10 y
ears
fro
m s
tart
to
finis
h us
ing
trad
ition
al b
reed
ing
tech
niqu
es.
Des
ired
new
or
impr
oved
tra
its n
ot a
lway
s pr
esen
t in
cro
p sp
ecie
s.D
isea
se o
r in
sect
res
ista
nce
Phys
iolo
gica
l im
prov
emen
tsSt
ress
tol
eran
ceG
rain
or
plan
t co
mpo
sitio
n
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity8
Thus
, Gen
etic
Eng
inee
ring
Allo
ws
for
fast
er v
arie
ty d
evel
opm
ent.
Tiss
ue c
ultu
re, r
ecom
bina
nt D
NA,
etc
.
Allo
ws
for
tran
sfer
ring
here
tofo
re
unav
aila
ble
gene
tic t
raits
into
a c
rop
varie
ty f
rom
unr
elat
edsp
ecie
s.e.
g., t
rans
geni
c tr
aits
suc
h as
Bt
inse
ct
resi
stan
ce o
rigin
atin
g fr
om s
oil b
acte
ria.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity9
Tran
sgen
ic E
xam
ple:
Bt
Bt g
enes
orig
inat
e fr
om t
he s
oil b
acte
ria, B
acill
us
thur
ingi
ensis
Res
earc
hers
can
iden
tify
and
isol
ate
the
gene
s.“B
last
ed”
into
cor
n D
NA
usin
g go
ld p
artic
le g
ene
guns
Bt g
enes
tha
t su
cces
sful
ly
inco
rpor
ate
into
cor
n D
NA
expr
ess
the
inse
ctic
idal
Bt
prot
ein
in c
orn
plan
t gr
own
by f
arm
er.
Imag
e So
urce
: U
niv.
of
Neb
rask
aht
tp:/
/ww
w.a
gbio
safe
ty.u
nl.e
du/e
duca
tion/
sum
mar
y.ht
m
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity10
Gen
es v
s. E
vent
sD
iffer
ent
vers
ions
of
a ge
ne m
ay e
xist
.Cr
y1a(
b), C
ry1a
(c),
Cry
9c, e
tc. f
or B
t ge
nes.
Thus
, diff
eren
t va
rietie
s m
arke
ted.
The
com
bina
tion
of e
xact
gen
e ve
rsio
n an
d its
ev
entu
al lo
catio
n w
ithin
the
cor
n ge
nom
e is
te
rmed
an
‘eve
nt’.
Two
com
pani
es m
ay u
se t
he s
ame
Bt g
ene,
but
loca
ted
in d
iffer
ent
DN
A po
sitio
ns;
thus
tw
o di
ffer
ent
‘eve
nts’
.
Imag
e So
urce
: U
niv.
of
Neb
rask
aht
tp:/
/ww
w.a
gbio
safe
ty.u
nl.e
du/e
duca
tion/
tran
sfor
mat
ion.
htm
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity11
So, w
hat
abou
t St
arLi
nk™
? St
arLi
nk™
cor
n hy
brid
s co
ntai
ned
the
Cry9
C in
sect
icid
al g
ene
from
Bac
illus
th
urin
gien
sis
Tech
nica
lly, i
s a
diff
eren
t ve
rsio
n of
the
Bt
gene
, but
has
the
sam
e m
ode
of a
ctio
n as
ot
her
Bt g
enes
How
ever
, the
pro
tein
has
diff
eren
t bi
ndin
g si
te
in t
he in
sect
gut
tha
n th
at f
rom
oth
er B
t ve
rsio
ns, w
hich
mad
e it
attr
activ
e fo
r co
mba
ting
inse
ct r
esis
tanc
e to
Bt.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity12
Com
mon
con
sum
er c
once
rns?
Fear
s of
uni
dent
ified
foo
d sa
fety
ris
ksfr
om t
rans
geni
c m
odifi
catio
nsTo
xins
Carc
inog
ens
Die
tary
pre
fere
nces
Not
a r
isk,
but
a m
atte
r of
cho
ice
Alle
rgen
sSo
ybea
n &
Bra
zil n
ut g
enes
Kraf
t™ t
aco
shel
l rec
all &
Sta
rLin
k™ B
t co
rn
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity13
So, w
hat
abou
t St
arLi
nk™
? St
abili
ty o
f pr
otei
n to
hea
t an
d ga
stric
di
gest
ion
are
grea
ter
than
tho
se o
f ot
her
Bt g
enes
Was
the
rea
son
for
alle
rgen
unc
erta
inty
on
the
beha
lf of
EPA
reg
ulat
ors
Was
the
rea
son
for
non-
appr
oval
of
Star
Link
™ c
orn
for
hum
an f
ood
use.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity14
Com
mon
con
sum
er c
once
rns?
Fear
s of
uni
dent
ified
env
ironm
enta
l ris
ksfr
om
tran
sgen
ic m
odifi
catio
nsO
ff-t
arge
t in
jury
or
deat
h to
non
pest
sM
onar
ch b
utte
rflie
s &
Bt
corn
pol
len
Gen
etic
sel
ectio
n pr
essu
re f
or r
esis
tanc
e to
tr
ansg
enic
tra
it or
her
bici
de u
sed
with
tra
nsge
nic
trai
t Gly
phos
ate
(Rou
ndup
™)
& r
yegr
ass
in A
ustr
alia
Gen
e es
cape
s (c
ross
-pol
linat
ion)
to
wee
dy r
elat
ives
of
cro
psCa
nola
(ra
pese
ed)
& w
eedy
mus
tard
s in
Can
ada
Corn
& w
ild r
elat
ives
in M
exic
o
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity15
Com
mon
con
sum
er c
once
rns?
Fear
s of
cor
pora
te
mon
opol
ies
in
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctio
nCo
ntro
l of
glob
al f
ood
supp
lyEl
imin
atio
n of
sm
all
farm
ers
Top
7 A
groc
hem
ical
Co'
s
5.9
3.9
3.7
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.2
Syng
enta Mon
sant
o Avent
is DuPon
tDowBa
yer
BASF
20
00
sa
les
($ b
illi
on
)
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity16
Mar
ketp
lace
res
pons
e?G
rain
impo
rter
s, b
uyer
s &
pro
cess
ors
have
re
spon
ded
to c
onsu
mer
con
cern
s by
lim
iting
w
hich
tra
nsge
nic
varie
ties
they
will
pur
chas
e.Eu
rope
an U
nion
has
an
acce
pted
list
Incl
udes
Rou
ndup
Rea
dy®
soy
& m
ost
Bt c
orn,
but
not
Rou
ndup
Rea
dy®
cor
n or
Sta
rLin
k™ B
t co
rn
Acce
ptan
ce b
y pr
oces
sors
& p
ublic
is le
ss c
erta
in
for
the
imm
edia
te f
utur
eFr
ito-L
ay, G
erbe
r, S
tale
y, M
cDon
alds
, Nat
iona
l Sta
rch
Kraf
t (t
aco
shel
l rec
all)
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity17
Tran
sgen
ic C
rops
in I
ndia
naH
erbi
cide
tol
eran
t va
rietie
sG
lyph
osat
e re
sist
ant
soy
& c
orn
Rou
ndup
Rea
dy®
Glu
fosi
nate
-am
mon
ium
res
ista
nt c
orn
Libe
rty
Link
®
Inse
ct r
esis
tant
var
ietie
sBt
cor
n Pr
imar
ily E
urop
ean
corn
bor
er c
ontr
olSe
vera
l Bt
gene
s an
d ev
ents
mar
kete
d
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity18
Tran
sgen
ic C
orn
in U
.S.
6%6%
0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
NE
IAIL
INO
HU
.S.
Percent of corn acres
Stac
ked
HT
Bt
2001
Cro
p Y
ear
Sour
ce: U
SDA
-NA
SS, J
une
2001
, on
the
Web
at:
http
://us
da.m
annl
ib.c
orne
ll.ed
u/re
ports
/nas
sr/fi
eld/
pcp-
bba/
acrg
0601
.txt
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity19
Tran
sgen
ic S
oy in
U.S
.
78%0%10
%20
%30
%40
%50
%60
%70
%80
%90
%
NE
IAIL
INO
HU
.S.
Percent of soy acres
HT
2001
Cro
p Y
ear
Sour
ce: U
SDA
-NA
SS, J
une
2001
, on
the
Web
at:
http
://us
da.m
annl
ib.c
orne
ll.ed
u/re
ports
/nas
sr/fi
eld/
pcp-
bba/
acrg
0601
.txt
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity20
Issu
es f
or I
ndia
na F
arm
ers
Seed
cos
t of
TG
cro
ps?
Typi
cally
mor
e ex
pens
ive
than
non
-TG
sAg
rono
mic
ben
efits
of
TG c
rops
?So
met
imes
que
stio
nabl
eAg
rono
mic
dis
adva
ntag
es o
f TG
cro
ps?
Som
etim
es ig
nore
dM
arke
t un
cert
aint
ies
of T
G c
rops
?So
met
imes
dra
mat
icTG
con
sequ
ence
for
non
-TG
cro
ps?
Can
be c
ostly
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity21
Gro
w T
G c
rops
or
not?
Mus
t de
term
ine
the
bala
nce
betw
een
agro
nom
ic c
osts
, agr
onom
ic o
r ec
onom
ic
bene
fits
and
mar
ket
unce
rtai
ntie
s
For
exam
ple:
Hig
h co
st +
litt
le b
enef
it +
unc
erta
in m
arke
t =
su
bsta
nti
al e
con
omic
ris
k
Hig
h co
st +
som
e be
nefit
+ f
eed
own
lives
tock
=
littl
e ec
onom
ic r
isk
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity22
TG c
rops
as
agro
nom
ic in
puts
Nie
lsen
’s O
pini
on:
Inse
ct-r
esis
tant
or
herb
icid
e-to
lera
nt v
arie
ties
are
NO
T CR
ITIC
AL f
or t
he
succ
essf
ul p
rodu
ctio
n of
co
rn &
soy
bean
in I
ndia
na!
In o
ther
wor
ds, g
row
ing
non-
TGs
will
not
res
ult
in e
cono
mic
rui
n fo
r m
ost
Indi
ana
farm
ers!
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity23
Exam
ple:
Bt
corn
An “
insu
ranc
e” t
rait
The
Bt g
ene
or t
rait,
by
itsel
f, d
oes
not
incr
ease
yie
ldO
nly
usef
ul w
hen
pest
occ
urs
Litt
le p
ayba
ck in
yea
rs w
hen
Euro
pean
cor
n bo
rer
(ECB
) in
fest
atio
ns a
re m
inor
For
exam
ple,
199
8 &
199
9 in
Ind
iana
ECB
dam
age
in 2
000
and
2001
mor
e se
vere
, bu
t da
mag
e st
ill q
uest
iona
ble
econ
omic
ally
.Im
age
Sour
ce:
USD
A, I
mag
e N
umbe
r K2
634-
8ht
tp:/
/ww
w.a
rs.u
sda.
gov/
is/g
raph
ics/
phot
os/
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity24
Our
pos
ition
on
Bt c
orn
…Bt
cor
n is
not
eco
nom
ical
for
the
ave
rage
In
dian
a co
rn f
ield
due
to
low
his
toric
al
freq
uenc
ies
and
seve
ritie
s of
ECB
out
brea
ks
rela
tive
to “
tech
fee
s” o
f hy
brid
s (P
urdu
e Ex
tens
ion
Publ
icat
ion
ID-2
19)
25%
12%
6%7%
24%
NE
IAIL
INO
HM
ore
<<
<<
<<
< E
CB
Pre
ssur
e >
>>
>>
>>
Les
s
Bt
acre
age,
200
1
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity25
So, w
hat
abou
t RR s
oy?
Why
so
popu
lar?
Goo
d w
eed
cont
rol
Low
er h
erbi
cide
cos
tFo
r m
any
farm
ers
Mor
e tim
e fle
xibi
lity
Less
cro
p in
jury
Less
mgm
t. e
ffor
t
Any
disa
dvan
tage
s?H
ighe
r se
ed c
ost
Appl
’n t
imin
gSo
me
wai
t to
o lo
ng t
o ap
ply
herb
icid
e an
d co
nseq
uent
ly s
uffe
r yi
eld
loss
to
early
w
eed
pres
sure
Mar
ket
acce
ptan
ce?
Som
etim
es a
n is
sue
Gen
etic
yie
ld d
iff.?
76%
73%
64%
78%
64%
NE
IAIL
INO
H
RR
so
y ac
reag
e, 2
00
1
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity26
TG C
onse
quen
ces
for
non-
TGBe
caus
e so
me
grai
n bu
yers
will
not
ac
cept
TG
gra
in, s
ome
farm
ers
need
to
take
ext
ra p
reca
utio
ns t
o av
oid
TG
cont
amin
atio
n of
the
ir no
n-TG
gra
in.
TRA
NSL
ATI
ON
:Ex
tra
cost
s an
d he
adac
hes
plac
ed o
n fa
rmer
s an
d th
e gr
ain
buyi
ng in
dust
ry.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity27
Cost
s of
non
-TG
pro
duct
ion
Ensu
ring
seed
ing
purit
ySe
ed s
ourc
e ce
rtifi
catio
n fo
r no
n-TG
Prio
r cr
op in
the
fie
ldPl
antin
g op
erat
ion
Avoi
ding
cro
ss-p
ollin
atio
n w
/ TG
s (c
orn)
TGs
or n
ot in
adj
acen
t fie
lds
Buff
er r
ows
arou
nd e
dges
of
field
Tink
erin
g w
/ pl
antin
g da
te t
o m
anip
ulat
e tim
ing
of
polli
natio
n of
cor
n re
lativ
e to
adj
. fie
lds
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity28
Cost
s of
non
-TG
pro
duct
ion
Ensu
ring
harv
estin
g pu
rity
Supe
r cl
eano
ut o
f ha
rves
ter
prio
r to
har
vest
of
non-
TG f
ield
Har
vest
non
-TG
fie
lds
befo
re T
G f
ield
sAv
oidi
ng g
rain
com
min
glin
gSu
per
clea
nout
of
stor
age
faci
litie
sSt
ore
TG s
epar
ate
from
non
-TG
Supe
r cl
eano
ut o
f tr
ansp
ort
equi
pmen
tCo
nsid
er s
ellin
g or
del
iver
ing
grai
n di
rect
ly f
rom
fie
ld h
arve
st
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity29
Thou
ghts
cou
rtes
y of
:
Dirk
Mai
er, P
urdu
e Ag
. Eng
r.
Thou
ghts
cou
rtes
y of
:
Dirk
Mai
er, P
urdu
e Ag
. Eng
r.
Star
Link
™ le
sson
s fo
r fu
ture
Biot
ech
firm
s sh
ould
not
be
allo
wed
to
mar
ket
a bi
otec
h va
riety
unt
il:Th
e va
riety
has
bee
n ap
prov
ed b
y re
gula
tory
ag
enci
es a
nd a
ccep
ted
by t
he g
rain
indu
stry
for
all
end
use
s, in
clud
ing
feed
, ind
ustr
ial,
food
and
ph
arm
aceu
tical
;
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity30
Star
Link
™ le
sson
s fo
r fu
ture
Biot
ech
firm
s sh
ould
not
be
allo
wed
to
mar
ket
a bi
otec
h va
riety
unt
il:Th
e va
riety
has
bee
n ap
prov
ed b
y re
gula
tory
age
ncie
s an
d ac
cept
ed b
y th
e gr
ain
indu
stry
for
all
end
uses
, inc
ludi
ng f
eed,
indu
stria
l, fo
od a
nd p
harm
aceu
tical
;
Rel
iabl
e an
d in
expe
nsiv
e te
stin
g te
chn
olog
yis
av
aila
ble
for
use
at t
he f
irst
poin
t of
sal
e (s
uch
as
strip
-tes
t ki
ts f
or e
leva
tor
use)
;
Cas
e in
Poi
nt:
Rou
ndup
Rea
dy®
cor
n, 2
001
harv
est s
easo
n, te
st k
its a
vaila
ble
(as
of 1
0/8/
01) f
or n
ew N
K603
eve
nt (l
esse
r acr
eage
) but
not
old
er
GA2
1 ev
ent (
grea
ter a
crea
ge).
Cas
e in
Poi
nt:
Rou
ndup
Rea
dy®
cor
n, 2
001
harv
est s
easo
n, te
st k
its a
vaila
ble
(as
of 1
0/8/
01) f
or n
ew N
K603
eve
nt (l
esse
r acr
eage
) but
not
old
er
GA2
1 ev
ent (
grea
ter a
crea
ge).
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity31
Star
Link
™ le
sson
s fo
r fu
ture
Biot
ech
firm
s sh
ould
not
be
allo
wed
to
mar
ket
a bi
otec
h va
riety
unt
il:Th
e va
riety
has
bee
n ap
prov
ed b
y re
gula
tory
age
ncie
s an
d ac
cept
ed b
y th
e gr
ain
indu
stry
for
all
end
uses
, inc
ludi
ng f
eed,
indu
stria
l, fo
od a
nd
phar
mac
eutic
al;
Relia
ble
and
inex
pens
ive
test
ing
tech
nolo
gy is
ava
ilabl
e fo
r us
eat
the
firs
t po
int
of s
ale
(suc
h as
str
ip-t
est
kits
for
ele
vato
r us
e);
and
Tole
ran
ce le
vels
base
d on
det
ecta
ble
limits
hav
e be
en e
stab
lishe
d in
ord
er t
o gi
ve t
he U
.S. g
rain
ha
ndlin
g, e
xpor
ting
and
proc
essi
ng in
dust
ry t
he
abili
ty t
o m
eet
cust
omer
dem
ands
wit
h r
espe
ct
to t
he
pres
ence
of
appr
oved
bu
t u
nde
sire
d tr
ansg
enic
cro
p tr
aits
in t
heir
end-
prod
ucts
.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity32
Bott
om L
ine
…
The
“GM
O”
deba
te w
ill c
ontin
ue in
to t
he n
ear
futu
re.
Curr
ent
TGs
are
not
criti
cal f
or t
he a
gron
omic
su
cces
s of
mos
t In
dian
a co
rn/s
oy o
pera
tions
.Fa
rmer
’s c
hoic
e to
gro
w o
r no
t de
pend
s pr
imar
ily o
n hi
s/he
r pe
rcep
tion
of t
he
agro
nom
ic b
enef
its o
f th
e TG
, the
mar
ket
unce
rtai
ntie
s fo
r TG
s in
the
com
ing
crop
yea
r &
see
d av
aila
bilit
y of
non
-TG
var
ietie
s.
Ver
2001
(c)
2001
, Pu
rdue
Uni
vers
ity33
Refe
renc
esH
yde,
J.,
M.A
. Mar
tin, P
.V. P
reck
el, C
. R. E
dwar
ds. 1
998.
The
Eco
nom
ics
of B
t Co
rn:
Impl
icat
ions
for
Ado
ptio
n. P
urdu
e Ex
t. p
ub I
D-2
19. O
n th
e W
eb a
t: h
ttp:
//w
ww
.agc
om.p
urdu
e.ed
u/Ag
Com
/Pub
s/ID
/ID
-219
Nie
lsen
, Bob
. 200
1. B
iote
chno
logy
Iss
ues
on t
he W
eb. O
n th
e W
eb a
t:
http
://w
ww
.kin
gcor
n.or
g/ca
fe/b
iote
ch.h
tml
Nie
lsen
, Bob
. 200
1. S
ilk E
mer
genc
e. O
n th
e W
eb a
t:
http
://w
ww
.kin
gcor
n.or
g/ne
ws/
artic
les.
01/S
ilks-
0626
.htm
lN
iels
en, B
ob. 2
001.
Tas
sel E
mer
genc
e &
Pol
len
Shed
. On
the
Web
at:
http
://w
ww
.kin
gcor
n.or
g/ne
ws/
artic
les.
01/T
asse
ls-0
626.
htm
lN
iels
en, B
ob a
nd D
irk M
aier
. 200
1. G
MO
Iss
ues
Faci
ng I
ndia
na F
arm
ers
in 2
001.
On
the
Web
at:
ht
tp:/
/ww
w.a
gcom
.pur
due.
edu/
AgCo
m/P
ubs/
GQ
/GQ
-46.
Uni
v. o
f N
ebra
ska-
Linc
oln.
200
1. A
gBio
safe
ty. O
n th
e W
eb a
t:
http
://w
ww
.agb
iosa
fety
.unl
.edu
/
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