Transpo Law - Codal Provisions

8/18/2019 Transpo Law - Codal Provisions

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SANTILLAN, Paolo Gabriel V.G04 Transportation LawAtty. De Castro, Illuminao

!"#$ P%ilippine Constitution Arti&le 'II, Se&tion !!

S(CTI)N !!. No *ran&%ise, &erti+&ate, or any ot%er *orm o* aut%oriation *or t%e

operation o* a publi& utility s%all be -rante e&ept to &itiens o* t%e P%ilippines or

to &orporations or asso&iations or-anie uner t%e laws o* t%e P%ilippines at least

sity per &entum o* w%ose &apital is owne by su&% &itiens, nor s%all su&%*ran&%ise, &erti+&ate, or aut%oriation be e&lusi/e in &%ara&ter or *or a lon-er

perio t%an +*ty years. Neit%er s%all any su&% *ran&%ise or ri-%t be -rante e&ept

uner t%e &onition t%at it s%all be sube&t to amenment, alteration, or repeal by

t%e Con-ress w%en t%e &ommon -oo so re1uires. T%e State s%all en&oura-e e1uity

parti&ipation in publi& utilities by t%e -eneral publi&. T%e parti&ipation o* *orei-n

in/estors in t%e -o/ernin- boy o* any publi& utility enterprise s%all be limite to

t%eir proportionate s%are in its &apital, an all t%e ee&uti/e an mana-in- o2&ers

o* su&% &orporation or asso&iation must be &itiens o* t%e P%ilippines.

New Ci/il Coe Arti&le !$3 5 !$66

S(CTI)N 4. 7 Common Carriers 8n9

S:;S(CTI)N !. 7 General Pro/isions

Art. !$3. Common &arriers are persons, &orporations, +rms or asso&iations

en-a-e in t%e business o* &arryin- or transportin- passen-ers or -oos or bot%, by

lan, water, or air, *or &ompensation, o

8!9 ?loo, storm, eart%1ua@e, li-%tnin-, or ot%er natural isaster or &alamity

89 A&t o* t%e publi& enemy in war, w%et%er international or &i/il

839 A&t o* omission o* t%e s%ipper or owner o* t%e -oos

849 T%e &%ara&ter o* t%e -oos or e*e&ts in t%e pa&@in- or in t%e &ontainers

8=9 )rer or a&t o* &ompetent publi& aut%ority.


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Art. !$3=. In all &ases ot%er t%an t%ose mentione in Nos. !, , 3, 4, an = o* t%e

pre&ein- arti&le, i* t%e -oos are lost, estroye or eteriorate, &ommon &arriers

are presume to %a/e been at *ault or to %a/e a&te ne-li-ently, unless t%ey pro/e

t%at t%ey obser/e etraorinary ili-en&e as re1uire in Arti&le !$33.

Art. !$36. T%e etraorinary responsibility o* t%e &ommon &arrier lasts *rom t%etime t%e -oos are un&onitionally pla&e in t%e possession o*, an re&ei/e by t%e

&arrier *or transportation until t%e same are eli/ere, a&tually or &onstru&ti/ely, by

t%e &arrier to t%e &onsi-nee, or to t%e person w%o %as a ri-%t to re&ei/e t%em,

wit%out preui&e to t%e pro/isions o* Arti&le !$3#.

Art. !$3$. T%e &ommon &arrierBs uty to obser/e etraorinary ili-en&e o/er t%e

-oos remains in *ull *or&e an e


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Art. !$44. A stipulation between t%e &ommon &arrier an t%e s%ipper or owner

limitin- t%e liability o* t%e *ormer *or t%e loss, estru&tion, or eterioration o* t%e

-oos to a e-ree less t%an etraorinary ili-en&e s%all be /ali, pro/ie it be>

8!9 In writin-, si-ne by t%e s%ipper or owner

89 Supporte by a /aluable &onsieration ot%er t%an t%e ser/i&e renere by t%e

&ommon &arrier an

839 Eeasonable, ust an not &ontrary to publi& poli&y.

Art. !$4=. Any o* t%e *ollowin- or similar stipulations s%all be &onsiere

unreasonable, unust an &ontrary to publi& poli&y>

8!9 T%at t%e -oos are transporte at t%e ris@ o* t%e owner or s%ipper

89 T%at t%e &ommon &arrier will not be liable *or any loss, estru&tion, or

eterioration o* t%e -oos

839 T%at t%e &ommon &arrier nee not obser/e any ili-en&e in t%e &ustoy o* t%e

-oos

849 T%at t%e &ommon &arrier s%all eer&ise a e-ree o* ili-en&e less t%an t%at o* a

-oo *at%er o* a *amily, or o* a man o* orinary pruen&e in t%e /i-ilan&e o/er t%e

mo/ables transporte

8=9 T%at t%e &ommon &arrier s%all not be responsible *or t%e a&ts or omission o* %is

or its employees

869 T%at t%e &ommon &arrierBs liability *or a&ts &ommitte by t%ie/es, or o* robbers

w%o o not a&t wit% -ra/e or irresistible t%reat, /iolen&e or *or&e, is ispense wit%

or iminis%e

8$9 T%at t%e &ommon &arrier is not responsible *or t%e loss, estru&tion, or

eterioration o* -oos on a&&ount o* t%e e*e&ti/e &onition o* t%e &ar, /e%i&le, s%ip,

airplane or ot%er e1uipment use in t%e &ontra&t o* &arria-e.

Art. !$46. An a-reement limitin- t%e &ommon &arrierBs liability may be annulle by

t%e s%ipper or owner i* t%e &ommon &arrier re*use to &arry t%e -oos unless t%e

*ormer a-ree to su&% stipulation.

Art. !$4$. I* t%e &ommon &arrier, wit%out ust &ause, elays t%e transportation o* t%e

-oos or &%an-es t%e stipulate or usual route, t%e &ontra&t limitin- t%e &ommon

&arrierBs liability &annot be a/aile o* in &ase o* t%e loss, estru&tion, oreterioration o* t%e -oos.

Art. !$4#. An a-reement limitin- t%e &ommon &arrierBs liability *or elay on a&&ount

o* stri@es or riots is /ali.

Art. !$4". A stipulation t%at t%e &ommon &arrierBs liability is limite to t%e /alue o*

t%e -oos appearin- in t%e bill o* lain-, unless t%e s%ipper or owner e&lares a

-reater /alue, is binin-.


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Art. !$=0. A &ontra&t +in- t%e sum t%at may be re&o/ere. by t%e owner or s%ipper

*or t%e loss, estru&tion, or eterioration o* t%e -oos is /ali, i* it is reasonable an

ust uner t%e &ir&umstan&es, an %as been *airly an *reely a-ree upon.

Art. !$=!. T%e *a&t t%at t%e &ommon &arrier %as no &ompetitor alon- t%e line or

route, or a part t%ereo*, to w%i&% t%e &ontra&t re*ers s%all be ta@en into&onsieration on t%e 1uestion o* w%et%er or not a stipulation limitin- t%e &ommon

&arrierBs liability is reasonable, ust an in &onsonan&e wit% publi& poli&y.

Art. !$=. (/en w%en t%ere is an a-reement limitin- t%e liability o* t%e &ommon

&arrier in t%e /i-ilan&e o/er t%e -oos, t%e &ommon &arrier is isputably presume

to %a/e been ne-li-ent in &ase o* t%eir loss, estru&tion or eterioration.

Art. !$=3. T%e law o* t%e &ountry to w%i&% t%e -oos are to be transporte s%all

-o/ern t%e liability o* t%e &ommon &arrier *or t%eir loss, estru&tion or eterioration.

Art. !$=4. T%e pro/isions o* Arti&les !$33 to !$=3 s%all apply to t%e passen-erBs

ba--a-e w%i&% is not in %is personal &ustoy or in t%at o* %is employee. As to ot%erba--a-e, t%e rules in Arti&les !""# an 000 to 003 &on&ernin- t%e responsibility

o* %otel7@eepers s%all be appli&able.

S:;S(CTI)N 3. 7 Sa*ety o* Passen-ers

Art. !$==. A &ommon &arrier is boun to &arry t%e passen-ers sa*ely as *ar as

%uman &are an *oresi-%t &an pro/ie, usin- t%e utmost ili-en&e o* /ery &autious

persons, wit% a ue re-ar *or all t%e &ir&umstan&es.

Art. !$=6. In &ase o* eat% o* or inuries to passen-ers, &ommon &arriers arepresume to %a/e been at *ault or to %a/e a&te ne-li-ently, unless t%ey pro/e t%at

t%ey obser/e etraorinary ili-en&e as pres&ribe in Arti&les !$33 an !$==.

Art. !$=$. T%e responsibility o* a &ommon &arrier *or t%e sa*ety o* passen-ers as

re1uire in Arti&les !$33 an !$== &annot be ispense wit% or lessene by

stipulation, by t%e postin- o* noti&es, by statements on ti&@ets, or ot%erwise.

Art. !$=#. F%en a passen-er is &arrie -ratuitously, a stipulation limitin- t%e

&ommon &arrierBs liability *or ne-li-en&e is /ali, but not *or wil*ul a&ts or -ross

ne-li-en&e.

T%e reu&tion o* *are oes not usti*y any limitation o* t%e &ommon &arrierBs liability.

Art. !$=". Common &arriers are liable *or t%e eat% o* or inuries to passen-ers

t%rou-% t%e ne-li-en&e or wil*ul a&ts o* t%e *ormerBs employees, alt%ou-% su&%

employees may %a/e a&te beyon t%e s&ope o* t%eir aut%ority or in /iolation o* t%e

orers o* t%e &ommon &arriers.

T%is liability o* t%e &ommon &arriers oes not &ease upon proo* t%at t%ey eer&ise

all t%e ili-en&e o* a -oo *at%er o* a *amily in t%e sele&tion an super/ision o* t%eir

employees.


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Art. !$60. T%e &ommon &arrierBs responsibility pres&ribe in t%e pre&ein- arti&le

&annot be eliminate or limite by stipulation, by t%e postin- o* noti&es, by

statements on t%e ti&@ets or ot%erwise.

Art. !$6!. T%e passen-er must obser/e t%e ili-en&e o* a -oo *at%er o* a *amily to

a/oi inury to %imsel*.

Art. !$6. T%e &ontributory ne-li-en&e o* t%e passen-er oes not bar re&o/ery o*

ama-es *or %is eat% or inuries, i* t%e proimate &ause t%ereo* is t%e ne-li-en&e o*

t%e &ommon &arrier, but t%e amount o* ama-es s%all be e1uitably reu&e.

Art. !$63. A &ommon &arrier is responsible *or inuries su


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8b9 T%e term H&ontra&t o* &arria-eH applies only to &ontra&ts o* &arria-e by &o/ere

by a bill o* lain- or any similar o&ument o* title, inso*ar as su&% o&ument relates

to t%e &arria-e o* -oos by sea, in&luin- any bill o* lain- or any similar o&ument

as a*oresai issue uner or pursuant to a &%ara&ter party *rom t%e moment at

w%i&% su&% bill o* lain- or similar o&ument o* title re-ulates t%e relations betweena &arrier an a %oler o* t%e same.

8&9 T%e term H-oosH in&lues -oos, wares, mer&%anise, an arti&les o* e/ery

@in w%atsoe/er, e&ept li/e animals an &ar-o w%i&% by t%e &ontra&t o* &arria-e is

state as bein- &arrie on e&@ an is so &arrie.

89 T%e term Hs%ipH means any /essel use *or t%e &arria-e o* -oos by sea.

8e9 T%e term H&arria-e o* -oosH &o/ers t%e perio *rom t%e time w%en t%e -oos

are loae to t%e time w%en t%ey are is&%ar-e *rom t%e s%ip.

EISS

Se&. . Sube&t to t%e pro/isions o* Se&tion 6, uner e/ery &ontra&t o* &arria-e o*

-oos by sea, t%e &arrier in relation to t%e loain-, %anlin-, stowa-e, &arria-e,

&ustoy, &are, an is&%ar-e o* su&% -oos s%all be sube&t to t%e responsibilities

an liabilities an entitle to t%e ri-%ts an immunities %ereina*ter set *ort%.

E(SP)NSI;ILITI(S AND LIA;ILITI(S

Se&. 3. 8!9 T%e &arrier s%all be boun be*ore an at t%e be-innin- o* t%e /oya-e to

eer&ise ue ili-en&e to

8a9 Ja@e t%e s%ip seawort%y

8b9 Properly man, e1uip, an supply t%e s%ip

8&9 Ja@e t%e %ols, re*ri-eratin- an &oolin- &%ambers, an all ot%er parts o* t%e

s%ip in w%i&% -oos are &arrie, +t an sa*e *or t%eir re&eption, &arria-e, an

preser/ation.

89 T%e &arrier s%all properly an &are*ully loa, %anle, stow, &arry, @eep, &are *or,

an is&%ar-e t%e -oos &arrie.

839 A*ter re&ei/in- t%e -oos into %is &arrier, or t%e master or a-ent o* t%e &arrier,

s%all, on eman o* t%e s%ipper, issue to t%e s%ipper a bill o* lain- s%owin- amon-

ot%er t%in-s 8a9 T%e loain- mar@s ne&essary *or ienti+&ation o* t%e -oos ast%e same are *urnis%e in writin- by t%e s%ipper be*ore t%e loain- o* su&% -oos

starts, pro/ie su&% mar@s are stampe or ot%erwise s%own &learly upon t%e -oos

i* un&o/ere, in su&% a manner as s%oul orinarily remain le-ible until t%e en o*

t%e /oya-e.

8b9 (it%er t%e number o* pa&@a-es or pie&es, or t%e 1uantity or wei-%t, as t%e &ase

may be, as *urnis%e in writin- by t%e s%ipper.


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8&9 T%e apparent orer an &onitions o* t%e -oos> Pro/ie, t%at no &arrier,

master, or a-ent o* t%e &arrier, s%all be boun to state or s%ow in t%e bill o* lain-

any mar@s, number, 1uantity, or wei-%t w%i&% %e %as reasonable -roun *or

suspe&tin- not a&&urately to represent t%e -oo a&tually re&ei/e or w%i&% %e %as

%a no reasonable means o* &%e&@in-.849 Su&% a bill o* lain- s%all be prima *a&ie e/ien&e o* t%e re&eipt by t%e &arrier o*

t%e -oos as t%erein es&ribe in a&&oran&e wit% para-rap%s 839 8a9, 8b9, an 8&9,

o* t%is se&tion> 8T%e rest o* t%e pro/ision is not appli&able to t%e P%ilippines9.

8=9 T%e s%ipper s%all be eeme to %a/e -uarantee to t%e &arrier t%e a&&ura&y at

t%e time o* s%ipment o* t%e mar@s, number, 1uantity, an wei-%t, as *urnis%e by

%im an t%e s%ipper s%all inemni*y t%e &arrier a-ainst all loss, ama-es, an

epenses arisin- or resultin- *rom ina&&ura&ies in su&% parti&ulars. T%e ri-%t o* t%e

&arrier to su&% inemnity s%all in no way limit %is responsibility an liability uner

t%e &ontra&t o* &arria-e to any person ot%er t%an t%e s%ipper.

869 :nless noti&e or loss or ama-e an t%e -eneral nature o* su&% loss or ama-e

by -i/en in writin- to t%e &arrier or %is a-ent at t%e port o* is&%ar-e or at t%e time

o* t%e remo/al o* t%e -oos into t%e &ustoy o* t%e person entitle to eli/ery

t%ereo* uner t%e &ontra&t o* &arria-e, su&% remo/al s%all be prima *a&ie e/ien&e

o* t%e eli/ery by t%e &arrier o* t%e -oos as es&ribe in t%e bill o* lain-. I* t%e

loss or ama-e is not apparent, t%e noti&e must be -i/en wit%in t%ree ays o* t%e

eli/ery. Sai noti&e o* loss or ama-e may be enorse upon t%e re&eipt *or t%e

-oos -i/en by t%e person ta@in- eli/ery t%ereo*.

T%e noti&e in writin- nee not be -i/en i* t%e state o* t%e -oos %as at t%e time o*

t%eir re&eipt been t%e sube&t o* oint sur/ey or inspe&tion.

In any e/ent t%e &arrier an t%e s%ip s%all be is&%ar-e *rom all liability in respe&t

o* loss or ama-e unless suit is brou-%t wit%in one year a*ter eli/ery o* t%e -oos

or t%e ate w%en t%e -oos s%oul %a/e been eli/ere> Pro/ie, t%at, i* a noti&e

o* loss or ama-e, eit%er apparent or &on&eale, is not -i/en as pro/ie *or in t%is

se&tion, t%at *a&t s%all not a Pro/ie, t%at i* t%e s%ipper s%all %a/e pre/iously ta@en up any

o&ument o* title to su&% -oos, %e s%all surrener t%e same as a-ainst t%e issue o*

t%e Hs%ippeH bill o* lain-, but at t%e option o* t%e &arrier su&% o&ument o* title

may be note at t%e port o* s%ipment by t%e &arrier, master, or a-ent wit% t%e

name or names o* t%e s%ip or s%ips upon w%i&% t%e -oos %a/e been s%ippe an


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t%e ate or ates o* s%ipment, an w%en so note t%e same s%all *or t%e purpose o*

t%is se&tion be eeme to &onstitute a Hs%ippeH bill o* lain-.

8#9 Any &lause, &o/enant, or a-reement in a &ontra&t o* &arria-e relie/in- t%e

&arrier o* t%e s%ip *rom liability *or loss or ama-e to or in &onne&tion wit% t%e

-oos, arisin- *rom ne-li-en&e, *ault, or *ailure in t%e uties an obli-ations pro/iein t%is se&tion or lessenin- su&% liability ot%erwise t%an as pro/ie in t%is A&t, s%all

be null an /oi an o* no e Pro/ie, t%at not%in- %erein &ontaine s%all be

&onstrue to relie/e a &arrier *rom responsibility *or t%e &arrierBs own a&ts

8@9 Eiots an &i/il &ommotions

8l9 Sa/in- or attemptin- to sa/e li*e or property at sea


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8m9 Fasta-e in bul@ or wei-%t or any ot%er loss or ama-e arisin- *rom in%erent

e*e&t, 1uality, or /i&e o* t%e -oos

8n9 Insu2&ien&y or pa&@in-

8o9 Insu2&ien&y or inae1ua&y o* mar@s

8p9 Latent e*e&ts not is&o/erable by ue ili-en&e an

819 Any ot%er &ause arisin- wit%out t%e a&tual *ault an pri/ity o* t%e &arrier an

wit%out t%e *ault or ne-le&t o* t%e a-ents or ser/ants o* t%e &arrier, but t%e buren

o* proo* s%all be on t%e person &laimin- t%e bene+t o* t%is e&eption to s%ow t%at

neit%er t%e a&tual *ault or pri/ity o* t%e &arrier nor t%e *ault or ne-le&t o* t%e a-ents

or ser/ants o* t%e &arrier &ontribute to t%e loss or ama-e.

839 T%e s%ipper s%all not be responsible *or loss or ama-e sustaine by t%e &arrier

or t%e s%ip arisin- or resultin- *rom any &ause wit%out t%e a&t, or ne-le&t o* t%e

s%ipper, %is a-ents, or %is ser/ants.

849 Any e/iation in sa/in- or attemptin- to sa/e li*e or property at sea, or any

reasonable e/iation s%all not be eeme to be an in*rin-ement or brea&% or t%is

A&t or o* t%e &ontra&t o* &arria-e, an &arrier s%all not be liable *or any loss or

ama-e resultin- t%ere*rom> Pro/ie, %owe/er, t%at i* t%e e/iation is *or t%e

purpose o* loain- or unloain- &ar-o or passen-ers it s%all, prima *a&ie, be

re-are as unreasonable.

8=9 Neit%er t%e &arrier nor t%e s%ip s%all in any e/ent be or be&ome liable *or any

loss or ama-e to or in &onne&tion wit% t%e transportation o* -oos in an amount

e&eein- =00 per pa&@a-e o* law*ul money o* t%e :nite States, or in &ase o*

-oos not s%ippe in pa&@a-es, per &ustomary *rei-%t unit, or t%e e1ui/alent o* t%atsum in ot%er &urren&y, unless t%e nature an /alue o* su&% -oos %a/e been

e&lare by t%e s%ipper be*ore s%ipment an inserte in t%e bill o* lain-. T%is

e&laration, i* emboie in t%e bill o* lain-, s%all be prima *a&ie e/ien&e, but s%all

not be &on&lusi/e on t%e &arrier.

;y a-reement between t%e &arrier, master or a-ent o* t%e &arrier, an t%e s%ipper

anot%er maimum amount t%an t%at mentione in t%is para-rap% may be +e>

Pro/ie, t%at su&% maimum s%all not be less t%an t%e +-ure abo/e name. In no

e/ent s%all t%e &arrier be liable *or more t%an t%e amount o* ama-e a&tually

sustaine.

Neit%er t%e &arrier nor t%e s%ip s%all be responsible in any e/ent *or loss ama-e toor in &onne&tion wit% t%e transportation o* t%e -oos i* t%e nature or /alue t%ereo*

%as been @nowin-ly an *rauulently misstate by t%e s%ipper in t%e bill o* lain-.

869 Goos o* an inammable, eplosi/e, or an-erous nature to t%e s%ipment

w%ereo*, t%e &arrier, master or a-ent o* t%e &arrier, %as not &onsente wit%

@nowle-e o* t%eir nature an &%ara&ter, may at any time be*ore is&%ar-e be

lane at any pla&e or estroye or renere inno&uous by t%e &arrier wit%out

&ompensation, an t%e s%ipper o* su&% -oos s%all be liable *or all ama-es an


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epenses ire&tly or inire&tly arisin- out o* or resultin- *rom su&% s%ipment. I* any

su&% -oos s%ippe wit% su&% @nowle-e an &onsent s%all be&ome a an-er to t%e

s%ip or &ar-o, t%ey may in li@e manner be lane at any pla&e, or estroye or

renere inno&uous by t%e &arrier wit%out liability on t%e part o* t%e &arrier e&ept

to -eneral a/era-e i* any.S:EE(ND(E )? EIGTS AND IJJ:NITI(S AND INCE(AS( )? E(SP)NSI;ILITI(S AND

LIA;ILITI(S

Se&. =. A &arrier s%all be at liberty to surrener in w%ole or in part all or any o* %is

ri-%ts an immunities or to in&rease any o* %is responsibilities an liabilities uner

t%is A&t, pro/ie su&% surrener or in&rease s%all be emboie in t%e bill o* lain-

issue to t%e s%ipper.

T%e pro/isions o* t%is A&t s%all not be appli&able to &%arter parties but i* bills o*

lain- are issue in t%e &ase o* a s%ip uner a &%arter party, t%ey s%all &omply wit%

t%e terms o* t%is A&t. Not%in- in t%is A&t s%all be %el to pre/ent t%e insertion in a

bill o* lain- o* any law*ul pro/isions re-arin- -eneral a/era-e.

SP(CIAL C)NDITI)NS

Se&. 6. Notwit%stanin- t%e pro/isions o* t%e pre&ein- se&tion, a &arrier, master

or a-ent o* t%e &arrier, an a s%ipper s%all, in re-ar to any parti&ular -oos be at

liberty to enter into any a-reement in any terms as to t%e responsibility an liability

o* t%e &arrier *or su&% -oos, an as to t%e ri-%ts an immunities o* t%e &arrier in

respe&t to su&% -oos, or %is obli-ation to seawort%iness, 8so *ar as t%e stipulation

re-arin- seawort%iness is &ontrary to publi& poli&y9, or t%e &are or ili-en&e o* %is

ser/ants or a-ents in re-ar to t%e loain-, %anlin-, stowa-e, &arria-e, &ustoy,

&are an is&%ar-e o* t%e -oos &arrie by sea pro/ie, t%at in t%is &ase no bill o*

lain- %as been or s%all be issue an t%at t%e terms a-ree s%all be a non7

ne-otiable o&ument an s%all be mar@e as su&%.

Any a-reement so entere into s%all %a/e *ull le-al e Pro/ie, t%at t%is se&tion

s%all not apply to orinary &ommer&ial s%ipments mae in t%e orinary &ourse o*

trae but only to ot%er s%ipments w%ere t%e &%ara&ter or &onition o* t%e property

to be &arrie or t%e &ir&umstan&es, terms an &onitions uner w%i&% t%e &arria-e is

to be per*orme are su&% as reasonably to usti*y a spe&ial a-reement.

Se&. $. Not%in- &ontaine in t%is A&t s%all pre/ent a &arrier or a s%ipper *rom

enterin- into any a-reement, stipulation, &onition, reser/ation, or eemption as to

t%e responsibility an liability o* t%e &arrier or t%e s%ip *or t%e loss or ama-e to or

in &onne&tion wit% t%e &ustoy an &are an %anlin- o* -oos prior to t%e loain-

on an subse1uent to t%e is&%ar-e *rom t%e s%ip on w%i&% t%e -oos are &arrie by

sea.

Se&. #. T%e pro/isions o* t%is A&t s%all not a


11/36


time bein- in *or&e relatin- to t%e limitation o* t%e liability o* t%e owners o* sea-oin-

/essels.

TITL( II

Se&. ". Not%in- &ontaine in t%is A&t s%all be &onstrue as permittin- a &ommon&arrier by water to is&riminate between &ompetin- s%ippers similarly pla&e in

time an &ir&umstan&es, eit%er 8a9 wit% respe&t to t%eir ri-%t to eman an re&ei/e

bills o* lain- sube&t to t%e pro/isions o* t%is A&t or 8b9 w%en issuin- su&% bills o*

lain- eit%er in t%e surrener o* any o* t%e &arrierBs ri-%ts an immunities or in t%e

in&rease o* any o* t%e &arrierBs responsibilities an liabilities pursuant to Se&tion =,

Title I, o* t%is A&t 8&9 in any ot%er way pro%ibite by t%e S%ippin- A&t, !"!6, as

amene.

Se&. !0. 8Not appli&able to t%e P%ilippines.9

Se&. !!. F%en uner t%e &ustom o* any trae t%e wei-%t o* any bul@ &ar-o

inserte in t%e bill o* lain- is a wei-%t as&ertaine or a&&epte by a t%ir partyot%er t%an t%e &arrier or t%e s%ipper an t%e *a&t t%at t%e wei-%t as as&ertaine or

a&&epte is state in t%e bill o* lain-, t%en notwit%stanin- anyt%in- in t%is A&t, t%e

bill o* lain- s%all not be eeme to be prima *a&ie e/ien&e a-ainst t%e &arrier o*

t%e re&eipt o* -oos o* t%e wei-%t so inserte in t%e bills o* lain-, an t%e a&&ura&y

t%ereo* at t%e time o* s%ipment s%all not be eeme to %a/e been -uarantee by

t%e s%ipper.

Se&. !. 8Not appli&able to t%e P%ilippines.9

Se&. !3. T%is A&t s%all apply to all &ontra&ts *or &arria-e o* -oos by seas to or

*rom ports o* t%e :nite States in *orei-n trae. As use in t%is A&t t%e term H:nite

StatesH in&lues its istri&ts, territories, an possessions> Pro/ie, %owe/er, t%att%e P%ilippine Le-islature may by law e&lue its appli&ation to transportation to or

*rom ports o* t%e P%ilippine Islans. T%e term H*orei-n traeH means t%e

transportation o* -oos between t%e ports o* t%e :nite States an ports o* *orei-n

&ountries. Not%in- in t%is A&t s%all be %el to apply to &ontra&ts *or &arria-e o*

-oos by sea between any port o* t%e :nite States or its possessions an any

ot%er port o* t%e :nite States or its possessions> Pro/ie, %owe/er, t%at any bill o*

lain- or similar o&ument o* t%e title w%i&% is e/ien&e o* a &ontra&t *or t%e

&arria-e o* -oos by sea between su&% ports, &ontainin- an epress statement t%at

it s%all be sube&t to t%e pro/isions o* t%is A&t s%all be sube&te %ereto as *ully as i*

sube&t %ereto by t%e epress pro/isions o* t%is A&t> Pro/ie, *urt%er, t%at e/ery bill

o* lain- or similar o&ument o* title w%i&% is e/ien&e o* a &ontra&t *or t%e &arria-eo* -oos by sea *rom ports o* t%e :nite States in *orei-n trae, s%all &ontain a

statement t%at it s%all %a/e e


12/36


Presient o* t%e :nite States may, *rom time to time by pro&lamation, suspen any

or all pro/isions o* Title I o* t%is A&t *or su&% perios o* time or ine+nitely as may

be esi-nate in t%e pro&lamation. T%e Presient may at any time res&in su&%

suspension o* Title I %ereo*, an any pro/isions t%ereo* w%i&% may %a/e been

suspene s%all t%ereby be reinstate an a-ain apply to &ontra&ts t%erea*ter mae*or &arria-e o* -oos by sea. Any pro&lamation o* suspension or res&ission o* any

su&% suspension s%all ta@e e


13/36


Se&. 4. A*ter t%e sal/a-e is a&&omplis%e, t%e owner or %is representati/e s%all %a/e

a ri-%t to t%e eli/ery o* t%e /essel or t%in-s sa/e, pro/ie t%at %e pays, or -i/es

a bon to se&ure, t%e epenses an t%e proper rewar.

T%e amount an su2&ien&y o* t%e bon, in t%e absen&e o* a-reement, s%all beetermine by t%e Colle&tor o* Customs or by t%e Mu-e o* t%e Court o* ?irst

Instan&e o* t%e pro/in&e in w%i&% t%e t%in-s sa/e may be *oun.

Se&. =. T%e Colle&tor o* Customs, pro/in&ial treasurer, or muni&ipal mayor, to w%om

a sal/a-e is reporte, s%all orer>

a. T%at t%e t%in-s sa/e be sa*e-uar an in/entorie.

b. T%e sale at publi& au&tion o* t%e t%in-s sa/e w%i&% may be in an-er o*

immeiate loss or o* t%ose w%ose &onser/ation is e/iently preui&ial to t%e

interests o* t%e owner, w%en no obe&tion is mae to su&% sale.

&. T%e a/ertisement wit%in t%e t%irty ays subse1uent to t%e sal/a-e, in one o* t%e

lo&al newspapers or in t%e nearest newspaper publis%e, o* all t%e etails o* t%e

isaster, wit% a statement o* t%e mar@ an number o* t%e e

a. T%e &rew o* t%e /essel s%ipwre&@e or w%i&% was is an-er o* s%ipwre&@

b. e w%o s%all %a/e &ommen&e t%e sal/a-e in spite o* opposition o* t%e &aptain or

%is representati/e an

&. e w%o s%all %a/e *aile to &omply wit% t%e pro/isions o* Se&tion t%ree.


14/36


Se&. ". I*, urin- t%e an-er, an a-reement is entere into &on&ernin- t%e amount

o* t%e rewar *or sal/a-e or assistan&e, its /aliity may be impu-ne be&ause it is

e&essi/e, an it may be re1uire to be reu&e to an amount proportionate to t%e

&ir&umstan&es.

Se&. !0. In a &ase &omin- uner t%e last pre&ein- se&tion, as well as in t%e

absen&e o* an a-reement, t%e rewar *or sal/a-e or assistan&e s%all be +e by t%e

Court o* ?irst Instan&e o* t%e pro/in&e w%ere t%e t%in-s sal/a-e are *oun, ta@in-

into a&&ount prin&ipally t%e epenitures mae to re&o/er or sa/e t%e /essel or t%e

&ar-o or bot%, t%e eal emonstrate, t%e time employe, t%e ser/i&es renere,

t%e e&essi/e epress o&&asione t%e number o* persons w%o aie, t%e an-er to

w%i&% t%ey an t%eir /essels were epose as well as t%at w%i&% mena&e t%e

t%in-s re&o/ere or sal/a-e, an t%e /alue o* su&% t%in-s a*ter eu&tin- t%e

epenses.

Se&. !!. ?rom t%e pro&ees o* t%e sale o* t%e t%in-s sa/e s%all be eu&te, +rst,

t%e epenses o* t%eir &ustoy, &onser/ation, a/ertisement, an au&tion, as well as

w%ate/er taes or uties t%ey s%oul pay *or t%eir entran&e t%en t%ere s%all be

eu&te t%e epenses o* sal/a-e an *rom t%e net amount remainin- s%all be

ta@en t%e rewar *or t%e sal/a-e or assistan&e w%i&% s%all not e&ee +*ty per &ent

o* su&% amount remainin-.

Se&. !. I* in t%e sal/a-e or in t%e renerin- o* assistan&e i


15/36


CAPT(E I

)EGANIATI)N

Se&tion !. T%is A&t s%all be @nown as t%e HPubli& Ser/i&e A&t.H

Se&tion . T%ere is &reate uner t%e Department o* Musti&e a &ommission w%i&%s%all be esi-nate an @nown as t%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commission, &ompose o* onePubli& Ser/i&e Commissioner an +/e Asso&iate Commissioners, an w%i&% s%all be/este wit% t%e powers an uties %erea*ter spe&i+e. F%ene/er t%e worHCommissionH is use in t%is A&t, it s%all be %el to mean t%e Publi& Ser/i&eCommission, an w%ene/er t%e wor HCommissionerH is use in t%is A&t it s%all be%el to mean t%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commissioner or anyone o* t%e Asso&iateCommissioners. T%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commissioner an t%e Asso&iate Publi& Ser/i&eCommissioners s%all be natural born &itiens an resients o* t%e P%ilippines, notuner t%irty years o* a-e members o* t%e ;ar o* t%e P%ilippines, wit% at least +/e

years o* law pra&ti&e or +/e years o* employment in t%e -o/ernment ser/i&ere1uirin- a lawyerBs iploma an s%all be appointe by t%e Presient o* t%eP%ilippines, wit% t%e &onsent o* t%e Commission on Appointments o* t%e Con-ress o* t%e P%ilippines> Pro/ie, %owe/er, T%at t%e present Commissioner an t%epersonnel o* t%e Commission s%all &ontinue in o2&e wit%out t%e ne&essity o* re7appointment. T%e Commissioners s%all %a/e t%e ran@ an pri/ile-e o* retirement o*

Mu-es o* t%e Courts o* ?irst Instan&e. 8As amene by Eepubli& A&t Nos. !$# an6$$9

Se&tion 3. T%e Commissioner an Asso&iate Commissioners s%all %ol o2&e untilt%ey rea&% t%e a-e o* se/enty years, or until remo/e in a&&oran&e wit% t%epro&eures pres&ribe in se&tion one %unre an se/enty7t%ree o* A&t Numbere

Twenty7se/en %unre an ele/en, @nown as t%e Ee/ise Aministrati/e Coe>Pro/ie, %owe/er, T%at upon retirement any Commissioner o* Asso&iateCommissioner s%all be entitle to all retirement bene+ts an pri/ile-es *or Mu-es o* t%e Courts o* ?irst Instan&e or uner t%e retirement law to w%i&% %e may be entitleon t%e ate o* %is retirement. In &ase o* t%e absen&e, *or any reason, o* t%e Publi&Ser/i&e Commissioner, t%e Asso&iate Commissioner wit% seniority o* appointments%all a&t as Commissioner. I* on a&&ount o* absen&e, illness, or in&apa&ity o* any o*t%ree Commissioners, or w%ene/er by reason o* temporary isability o* anyCommissioner or o* a /a&an&y o&&urrin- t%erein, t%e re1uisite number o*Commissioners ne&essary to rener a e&ision or issue an orer in any &ase is notpresent, or in t%e e/ent o* a tie /ote amon- t%e Commissioners, t%e Se&retary o*

Musti&e may esi-nate su&% number o* Mu-es o* t%e Courts o* ?irst Instan&e, or su&%

number o* attorneys o* t%e le-al i/ision o* t%e Commission, as may be ne&essaryto sit temporarily as Commissioners in t%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commission.

T%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commission s%all sit ini/iually or as a boy en ban& or in twoi/isions o* t%ree Commissioners ea&%. T%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commissioner s%allpresie w%en t%e Commission sits en ban& an in one i/ision. In t%e ot%er i/ision,t%e Asso&iate Commissioner wit% seniority o* appointment in t%at i/ision s%allpresie. ?i/e Commissioners s%all &onstitute a 1uorum *or sessions en ban& an twoCommissioners s%all &onstitute a 1uorum *or t%e sessions o* a i/ision. In t%e


16/36


absen&e o* a 1uorum, t%e session s%all be aourne until t%e re1uisite number ispresent.

All t%e powers %erein /este upon t%e Commission s%all be &onsiere /este uponany o* t%e Commissioners, a&tin- eit%er ini/iually or ointly as %ereina*ter

pro/ie. T%e Commissioners s%all e1uitably i/ie amon- t%emsel/es all penin-&ases an t%ose t%at may %erea*ter be submitte to t%e Commissioner, in su&%manner an *orm as t%ey may etermine, an s%all pro&ee to %ear an eterminet%e &ase assi-ne to ea&% or to t%eir respe&ti/e i/isions, or to t%e Commission enban& as *ollows> un&onteste &ases, e&ept t%ose pertainin- to t%e +in- o* rates,s%all be e&ie by one Commissioner &onteste &ases an all &ases in/ol/in- t%e+in- o* rates s%all be e&ie by t%e Commission in i/ision an t%e &on&urren&eo* at least two Commissioners in t%e i/ision s%all be ne&essary *or t%epromul-ation o* a e&ision or non7interlo&utory orer in t%ese &ases> Pro/ie,%owe/er, T%at any motion *or re&onsieration o* a e&ision or non7interlo&utoryorer o* any Commissioner or i/ision s%all be %ear ire&tly by t%e Commission enban& an t%e &on&urren&e o* at least *our Commissioners s%all be ne&essary *or t%e

promul-ation o* a +nal e&ision or orer resol/insu&% motion *or re&onsieration.8As amene by Eepubli& A&t Nos. $3 an 6$$9

Se&tion 4. T%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commissioner s%all re&ei/e an annual &ompensation o* t%irteen t%ousan pesos an ea&% o* t%e Asso&iate Commissioners an annual&ompensation o* twel/e t%ousan pesos. T%e Commissioners s%all be assiste byone &%ie* attorney, one +nan&e an rate re-ulation o2&er, one &%ie* utilitiesre-ulation en-ineer, one &%ie* a&&ountant, one transportation re-ulation &%ie*, onese&retary o* t%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commission, an t%ree publi& utilities a/isers w%os%all re&ei/e an annual &ompensation o* not less t%an ten t%ousan ei-%t %unrepesos ea&% +/e assistant &%ie*s o* i/ision w%o s%all re&ei/e an annual&ompensation o* not less t%an nine t%ousan si %unre pesos ea&% twel/e

attorneys w%o s%all re&ei/e an annual &ompensation o* not less t%an nine t%ousanpesos ea&% an a te&%ni&al an &on+ential sta< to be &ompose o* two &erti+epubli& a&&ounts, two ele&tri&al en-ineers, two me&%ani&al or &ommuni&ationen-ineers, an two spe&ial assistants w%o s%all re&ei/e an annual &ompensation o*not less t%an se/en t%ousan two %unre pesos ea&%. 8As amene by Eepubli&A&t Nos. $3, 6$$ an 3$"9

Se&tion =. T%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commissioner, t%e Asso&iate Publi& Ser/i&eCommissioners, an all ot%er o2&ers an employees o* t%e Publi& Ser/i&eCommission s%all enoy t%e same pri/ile-es an ri-%ts as t%e o2&er an employeeso* t%e &lassi+e &i/il ser/i&e o* t%e Go/ernment o* t%e P%ilippines. T%ey s%all also beentitle to re&ei/e *rom t%e Go/ernment o* t%e P%ilippines t%eir ne&essary tra/ellin-epenses w%ile tra/ellin- on t%e business o* t%e Commission, w%i&% s%all be pai onproper /ou&%er t%ere*or, appro/e by t%e Se&retary o* Musti&e, out o* *unsappropriate *or t%e &ontin-ent epenses o* t%e Commission.

F%en t%e ei-en&y o* t%e ser/i&e so re1uires an wit% t%e appro/al o* t%e Se&retaryo* Musti&e, an sube&t to t%e pro/isions o* Commonwealt% A&t Numbere Two%unre *orty7si, as amene, *uns may be set asie *rom t%e appropriationspro/ie *or t%e Commission anOor *rom t%e *ees &olle&te uner Se&tion *orty o*t%is A&t to e*ray t%e epenses to be in&urre by t%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commissioner or


17/36


any o* t%e Asso&iate Commissioners, o2&ers or employees o* t%e Commission to beesi-nate by t%e Commissioner, wit% t%e appro/al o* t%e Se&retary o* Musti&e, int%e stuy o* moern trens in super/ision an re-ulation o* publi& ser/i&es. 8Asamene by Eepubli& A&t No. 3$"9

Se&tion 6. T%e Se&retary o* Musti&e, upon re&ommenation o* t%e Publi& Ser/i&eCommissioner, s%all appoint all suborinate o2&ers an employees o* t%eCommission as may be pro/ie in t%e Appropriation A&t. T%e Publi& Ser/i&eCommissioner s%all %a/e -eneral ee&uti/e &ontrol, ire&tion, an super/ision o/ert%e wor@ o* t%e Commission an o* its members, boy an personnel, an o/er allaministrati/e business. 8As amene by Eepubli& A&t Nos. !$# an 3$"9

Se&tion $. T%e Se&retary o* t%e Commission, uner t%e ire&tion o* t%eCommissioner, s%all %a/e &%ar-e o* t%e aministrati/e business o* t%e Commissionan s%all per*orm su&% ot%er uties as may be re1uire o* %im. e s%all be t%ere&orer an o2&ial reporter o* t%e pro&eein-s o* t%e Commission an s%all %a/eaut%ority to aminister oat%s in all matters &omin- uner t%e urisi&tion o* t%e

Commission. e s%all be t%e &ustoian o* t%e re&ors, maps, pro+les, tari


18/36


CAPT(E II

M:EISDICTI)N, P)F(ES AND D:TI(S )? T( C)JJISSI)N

Se&tion !3. 8a9 T%e Commission s%all %a/e urisi&tion, super/ision, an &ontrol o/erall publi& ser/i&es an t%eir *ran&%ises, e1uipment, an ot%er properties, an in t%eeer&ise o* its aut%ority, it s%all %a/e t%e ne&essary powers an t%e ai o* t%e publi&*or&e> Pro/ie, T%at publi& ser/i&es owne or operate by -o/ernment entities or-o/ernment7owne or &ontrolle &orporations s%all be re-ulate by t%e Commissionin t%e same way as pri/ately7owne publi& ser/i&es, but &erti+&ates o* publi&&on/enien&e or &erti+&ates o* publi& &on/enien&e an ne&essity s%all not bere1uire o* su&% entities or &orporations> An pro/ie, *urt%er, T%at it s%all %a/e noaut%ority to re1uire steamboats, motor s%ips an steams%ip lines, w%et%erpri/ately7owne, or owne or operate by any Go/ernment &ontrolle &orporationor instrumentality to obtain &erti+&ate o* publi& &on/enien&e or to pres&ribe t%eire+nite routes or lines o* ser/i&e.

8b9 T%e term Hpubli& ser/i&eH in&lues e/ery person t%at now or %erea*ter may own,operate, mana-e, or &ontrol in t%e P%ilippines, *or %ire or &ompensation, wit%-eneral or limite &lientele, w%et%er permanent, o&&asional or a&&iental, an one*or -eneral business purposes, any &ommon &arrier, railroa, street railway, tra&tionrailway, sub7way motor /e%i&le, eit%er *or *rei-%t or passen-er, or bot% wit% orwit%out +e route an w%et%er may be its &lassi+&ation, *rei-%t or &arrier ser/i&e o* any &lass, epress ser/i&e, steamboat or steams%ip line, pontines, *erries, an water&ra*t, en-a-e in t%e transportation o* passen-ers or *rei-%t or bot%, s%ipyar,marine railways, marine repair s%op, ware%ouseQ w%ar* or o&@, i&e plant, i&e7re*ri-eration plant, &anal, irri-ation system, -as, ele&tri& li-%t, %eat an power watersupply an power, petroleum, sewera-e system, wire or wireless &ommuni&ations

system, wire or wireless broa&astin- stations an ot%er similar publi& ser/i&es>Pro/ie, %owe/er, T%at a person en-a-e in a-ri&ulture, not ot%erwise a publi&ser/i&e, w%o owns a motor /e%i&le an uses it personally anOor enters into aspe&ial &ontra&t w%ereby sai motor /e%i&le is o

8a9 Fare%ouses


19/36


8b9 Ve%i&les rawn by animals an ban&as mo/e by oar or sail, an tu-boats anli-%ters

8&9 Airs%ips wit%in t%e P%ilippines e&ept as re-ars t%e +in- o* t%eir maimumrates on *rei-%t an passen-ers

89 Eaio &ompanies e&ept wit% respe&t to t%e +in- o* rates

8e9 Publi& ser/i&es owne or operate by any instrumentality o* t%e NationalGo/ernment or by any -o/ernment7owne or &ontrolle &orporation, e&ept wit%respe&t to t%e +in- o* rates. 8As amene by Com. A&t 4=4, EA No. 03!, an EANo. 6$$ 9

Se&tion !=. Fit% t%e e&eption o* t%ose enumerate in t%e pre&ein- se&tion, nopubli& ser/i&e s%all operate in t%e P%ilippines wit%out possessin- a /ali ansubsistin- &erti+&ate *rom t%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commission @nown as H&erti+&ate o*publi& &on/enien&e,H or H&erti+&ate o* publi& &on/enien&e an ne&essity,H as t%e&ase may be, to t%e e


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entirely to &itiens o* t%e P%ilippines or o* t%e :nite States> Pro/ie, *urt%er, T%atno su&% &erti+&ates s%all be issue *or a perio o* more t%an +*ty years.

8b9 To appro/e, sube&t to &onstitutional limitations any *ran&%ise or pri/ile-e-rante uner t%e pro/isions o* A&t No. Si unre an Sity7se/en, as amene

by A&t No. )ne T%ousan an twenty7two, by any politi&al subi/ision o* t%eP%ilippines w%en, in t%e u-ment o* t%e Commission, su&% *ran&%ise or pri/ile-ewill properly &onser/e t%e publi& interests, an t%e Commission s%all in so appro/in-impose su&% &onitions as to &onstru&tion, e1uipment, maintenan&e, ser/i&e, oroperation as t%e publi& interests an &on/enien&e may reasonably re1uire, an toissue &erti+&ates o* publi& &on/enien&e an ne&essity w%en su&% is re1uire orpro/ie by any law or *ran&%ise.

8&9 To + an etermine ini/iual or oint rates, tolls, &%ar-es, &lassi+&ations, ors&%eules t%ereo*, as well as &ommutation, milea-e, @ilometra-e, an ot%er spe&ialrates w%i&% s%all be impose obser/e an *ollowe t%erea*ter by any publi&ser/i&e> Pro/ie, T%at t%e Commission may, in its is&retion, appro/e rates

propose by publi& ser/i&es pro/isionally an wit%out ne&essity o* any %earin- butit s%all &all a %earin- t%ereon wit%in t%irty ays, t%erea*ter, upon publi&ation annoti&e to t%e &on&erns operatin- in t%e territory a Pro/ie, *urt%er, T%at in&ase t%e publi& ser/i&e e1uipment o* an operator is use prin&ipally or se&onarily*or t%e promotion o* a pri/ate business, t%e net pro+ts o* sai pri/ate business s%allbe &onsiere in relation wit% t%e publi& ser/i&e o* su&% operator *or t%e purpose o*+in- t%e rates.

89 To + ust an reasonable stanars, &lassi+&ations, re-ulations, pra&ti&es,measurement, or ser/i&e to be *urnis%e, impose, obser/e, an *ollowet%erea*ter by any publi& ser/i&e.

8e9 To as&ertain an + ae1uate an ser/i&eable stanars *or t%e measurement o*

1uantity, 1uality, pressure, initial /olta-e, or ot%er &onition pertainin- to t%esupply o* t%e prou&t or ser/i&e renere by any publi& ser/i&e, an to pres&ribereasonable re-ulations *or t%e eamination an test o* su&% prou&t or ser/i&e an*or t%e measurement t%ereo*.

8*9 To establis% reasonable rules, re-ulations, instru&tions, spe&i+&ations, anstanars, to se&ure t%e a&&ura&y o* all meters an applian&es *or measurements.

8-9 To &ompel any publi& ser/i&e to *urnis% sa*e, ae1uate, an proper ser/i&e asre-ars t%e manner o* *urnis%in- t%e same as well as t%e maintenan&e o* t%ene&essary material an e1uipment.

8%9 To re1uire any publi& ser/i&e to establis%, &onstru&t, maintain, an operate any

reasonable etension o* its eistin- *a&ilities, w%ere in t%e u-ment o* saiCommission, su&% etension is reasonable an pra&ti&able an will *urnis% su2&ientbusiness to usti*y t%e &onstru&tion an maintenan&e o* t%e same an w%en t%e+nan&ial &onition o* t%e sai publi& ser/i&e reasonably warrants t%e ori-inalepeniture re1uire in ma@in- an operatin- su&% etension.

8i9 To ire&t any railroa, street railway or tra&tion &ompany to establis% anmaintain at any un&tion or point o* &onne&tion or interse&tion wit% any ot%er line o*sai roa or tra&@, or wit% any ot%er line o* any ot%er railroa, street railway or


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tra&tion to promote, su&% ust an reasonable &onne&tion as s%all be ne&essary topromote t%e &on/enien&e o* s%ippers o* property, or o* passen-ers, an in li@emanner ire&t any railroa, street railway, or tra&tion &ompany en-a-e in &arryin-mer&%anise, to &onstru&t, maintain an operate, upon reasonable terms, a swit&%&onne&tion wit% any pri/ate sietra&@ w%i&% may be &onstru&te by any s%ipper to&onne&t wit% t%e railroa, street railway or tra&tion &ompany line w%ere, in t%e

u-ment o* t%e Commission, su&% &onne&tion is reasonable an pra&ti&able an&an be out in wit% sa*ety an will *urnis% su2&ient business to usti*y t%e&onstru&tion an maintenan&e o* t%e same.

89 To aut%orie, in its is&retion, any railroa, street railway or tra&tion &ompany tolay its tra&@s a&ross t%e tra&@s o* any ot%er railroa, street railway or tra&tion&ompany or a&ross any publi& %i-%way.

8@9 To ire&t any railroa or street railway &ompany to install su&% sa*ety e/i&es orabout su&% ot%er reasonable measures as may in t%e u-ment o* t%e Commissionbe ne&essary *or t%e prote&tion o* t%e publi& are passin- -rae &rossin- o* 8!9 publi&

%i-%ways an railroas, 89 publi& %i-%ways an streets railway, or 839 railways anstreet railways.

8l9 To + an etermine proper an ae1uate rates o* epre&iation o* t%e property o* any publi& ser/i&e w%i&% will be obser/e in a proper an ae1uate epre&iationa&&ount to be &arrie *or t%e prote&tion o* sto&@%olers, bon%olers or &reitors ina&&oran&e wit% su&% rules, re-ulations, an *orm o* a&&ount as t%e Commissionmay pres&ribe. Sai rates s%all be su2&ient to pro/ie t%e amounts re1uire o/eran abo/e t%e epense o* maintenan&e to @eep su&% property in a state o*e2&ien&y &orresponin- to t%e pro-ress o* t%e inustry. (a&% publi& ser/i&e s%all&on*orm its epre&iation a&&ounts to t%e rates so etermine an +e, an s%allset asie t%e moneys so pro/ie *or out o* its earnin-s an &arry t%e same in aepre&iation *un. T%e in&ome *rom in/estments o* money in su&% *un s%allli@ewise be &arrie in su&% *un. T%is *un s%all not be epene ot%erwise t%an *orepre&iation, impro/ements, new &onstru&tion, etensions or &onitions to t%eproperly o* su&% publi& ser/i&e.

8m9 To amen, moi*y or re/o@e at any time &erti+&ate issue uner t%e pro/isionso* t%is A&t, w%ene/er t%e *a&ts an &ir&umstan&es on t%e stren-t% o* w%i&% sai&erti+&ate was issue %a/e been misrepresente or materially &%an-e.

8n9 To suspen or re/o@e any &erti+&ate issue uner t%e pro/isions o* t%is A&tw%ene/er t%e %oler t%ereo* %as /iolate or will*ully an &ontuma&iously re*use to&omply wit% any orer rule or re-ulation o* t%e Commission or any pro/ision o* t%is

A&t> Pro/ie, T%at t%e Commission, *or -oo &ause, may prior to t%e %earin-suspen *or a perio not to e&ee t%irty ays any &erti+&ate or t%e eer&ise o* anyri-%t or aut%ority issue or -rante uner t%is A&t by orer o* t%e Commission,w%ene/er su&% step s%all in t%e u-ment o* t%e Commission be ne&essary to a/oiserious an irreparable ama-e or in&on/enien&e to t%e publi& or to pri/ateinterests.

8o9 To +, etermine, an re-ulate, as t%e &on/enien&e o* t%e state may re1uire, aspe&ial type *or auto7busses, tru&@s, an motor tru&@s to be %erea*ter &onstru&te,


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pur&%ase, an operate by operators a*ter t%e appro/al o* t%is A&t to + anetermine a spe&ial re-istration *ee *or auto7buses, tru&@s, an motor tru&@s so&onstru&te, pur&%ase an operate> Pro/ie, T%at sai *ees s%all be smaller t%anmore t%ose &%ar-e *or auto7busses, tru&@s, an motor tru&@s o* types not maere-ulation uner t%e subse&tion.

Se&tion !$. Pro&eein-s o* Commission wit%out pre/ious %earin-. 7 T%e Commissions%all %a/e power wit%out pre/ious %earin-, sube&t to establis%e limitations ane&eption an sa/in- pro/isions to t%e &ontrary>

8a9 To in/esti-ate, upon its own initiati/e, or upon &omplaint in writin-, any matter&on&ernin- any publi& ser/i&e as re-ars matters uner its urisi&tion to re1uireany publi& ser/i&e to *urnis% sa*e, ae1uate, an proper ser/i&e as t%e publi&interest may re1uire an warrant to en*or&e &omplian&e wit% any stanar, rule,re-ulation, orer or ot%er re1uirement o* t%is A&t or o* t%e Commission, an topro%ibit or pre/ent any publi& ser/i&e as %erein e+ne *rom operatin- wit%out%a/in- +rst se&ure a &erti+&ate o* publi& &on/enien&e or publi& ne&essity an

&on/enien&e, as t%e &ase may be an re1uire eistin- publi& ser/i&es to pay t%e*ees pro/ie *or in t%is A&t *or t%e issuan&e o* t%e proper &erti+&ate o* publi&&on/enien&e or &erti+&ate o* publi& ne&essity an &on/enien&e, as t%e &ase may be,uner t%e penalty, in t%e is&retion by t%e Commission, o* t%e re/o&ation an&an&ellation o* any a&1uire ri-%ts.

8b9 To re1uire any publi& ser/i&e to pay t%e a&tual epenses in&urre by t%eCommission in any in/esti-ation i* it s%all be *oun in t%e same t%at any rate, tool,&%ar-e, s&%eule, re-ulation, pra&ti&e, a&t or ser/i&e t%ereo* is in /iolation o* anypro/ision o* t%is A&t or any &erti+&ate, orer, rule, re-ulation or re1uirement issueor establis%e by t%e Commission. T%e Commission may also assess a-ainst anypubli& ser/i&e &osts not to e&ee twenty7+/e pesos wit% re*eren&e to su&%in/esti-ation.

8&9 ?rom time to time appraise an /alue t%e property o* any publi& ser/i&e,w%ene/er in t%e u-ment o* t%e Commission it s%all be ne&essary so to o, *or t%epurpose o* &arryin- out any o* t%e pro/isions o* t%is A&t, an in ma@insu&%/aluation t%e Commission may %a/e a&&ess to an use any boo@s, o&uments, orre&ors in t%e possession o* any epartment, bureau, o2&e, or boar o* t%e-o/ernment o* t%e P%ilippines or any politi&al subi/ision t%ereo*.

89 To pro/ie, on motion by or at t%e re1uest o* any &onsumer or user o* a publi&ser/i&e, *or t%e eamination an test o* any applian&e use *or t%e measurin- o*any prou&t or ser/i&e o* a publi& ser/i&e, an *or t%at purpose, by its a-ents,eperts, or eaminers to enter upon any premises w%ere sai applian&es may be,

an ot%er premises o* t%e publi& ser/i&e, *or t%e purpose o* settin- up an usin- onsai premises any apparatus ne&essary t%ere*or. an to + t%e *ees to be pai byany &onsumer or user w%o may apply to t%e Commission *or su&% eamination ortest to be mae, an i* t%e applian&e be *oun e*e&ti/e or in&orre&t to t%eisa/anta-e o* t%e &onsumer or user to re1uire t%e *ees pai to be re*une to t%e&onsumer or user by t%e publi& ser/i&e &on&erne.


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8e9 To permit any street railway or tra&tion &ompany to &%an-e its eistin- -au-e tostanar steam railroa -au-e, upon su&% terms an &onitions as t%e Commissions%all pres&ribe.

8*9 To -rant to any publi& ser/i&e spe&ial permits to ma@e etra or spe&ial trips wit%in

t%e territory &o/ere by its &erti+&ates o* publi& &on/enien&e, an to ma@e spe&iale&ursion trips outsie o* its own territory i* t%e publi& interest or spe&ial&ir&umstan&es re1uire it> Pro/ie, %owe/er, t%at in &ase a publi& ser/i&e &annotrener su&% etra ser/i&e on its own line or in its own territory, a spe&ial permit *orsu&% etra ser/i&e may be -rante to any ot%er publi& ser/i&e.

8-9 To re1uire any publi& ser/i&e to @eep its boo@s, re&ors, an a&&ounts so as toa


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89 To re1uire any publi& ser/i&e to &omply wit% t%e laws o* t%e P%ilippines an wit%any pro/in&ial resolution or muni&ipal orinan&e relatin- t%ereto an to &on*orm tot%e uties impose upon it t%ereby or by t%e pro/isions o* its own &%ara&ter,w%et%er obtaine uner any -eneral or spe&ial law o* t%e P%ilippines.

8@9 To in/esti-ate any or all a&&ients t%at may o&&ur on t%e property o* any publi&ser/i&e or ire&tly or inire&tly arisin- *rom or &onne&te wit% its maintenan&e oroperation in t%e P%ilippines to re1uire any publi& ser/i&e to -i/e t%e Commissionimmeiate an e


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s%all be &on&lusi/e an s%all ta@e e


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*ran&%ise &apitalie any &ontra&t *or &onsoliation, mer-er or lease, or issue anybons or ot%er e/ien&e o* inebteness a-ainst or as a lien upon any &ontra&t *or&onsoliation, mer-er, or lease> Pro/ie, %owe/er, t%at t%e pro/isions o* t%isse&tion s%all not pre/ent t%e issuan&e o* sto&@, bons, or ot%er e/ien&e o*inebteness sube&t to t%e appro/al o* t%e Commission by any law*ully mer-e or&onsoliate publi& ser/i&es not in &ontra/ention o* t%e pro/isions o* t%is se&tion.

8-9 To sell, alienate, mort-a-e, en&umber or lease its property, *ran&%ises,&erti+&ates, pri/ile-es, or ri-%ts or any part t%ereo* or mer-e or &onsoliate itsproperty, *ran&%ises pri/ile-es or ri-%ts, or any part t%ereo*, wit% t%ose o* any ot%erpubli& ser/i&e. T%e appro/al %erein re1uire s%all be -i/en, a*ter noti&e to t%e publi&an %earin- t%e persons intereste at a publi& %earin-, i* it be s%own t%at t%ere are

ust an reasonable -rouns *or ma@in- t%e mort-a-e or en&umbran&e, *orliabilities o* more t%an one year maturity, or t%e sale, alienation, lease, mer-er, or&onsoliation to be appro/e, an t%at t%e same are not etrimental to t%e publi&interest, an in &ase o* a sale, t%e ate on w%i&% t%e same is to be &onsummates%all be +e in t%e orer o* appro/al> Pro/ie, %owe/er, t%at not%in- %erein

&ontaine s%all be &onstrue to pre/ent t%e transa&tion *rom bein- ne-otiate or&omplete be*ore its appro/al or to pre/ent t%e sale, alienation, or lease by anypubli& ser/i&e o* any o* its property in t%e orinary &ourse o* its business.

8%9 To sell or re-ister in its boo@s t%e trans*er or sale o* s%ares o* its &apital sto&@, i*t%e result o* t%at sale in itsel* or in &onne&tion wit% anot%er pre/ious sale, s%all beto /est in t%e trans*eree more t%an *orty per &entum o* t%e subs&ribe &apital o*sai publi& ser/i&e. Any trans*er mae in /iolation o* t%is pro/ision s%all be /oi ano* no e


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publi& ser/i&e is an intereste party 8#9 persons inure in a&&ients or wre&@s, anp%ysi&ians an nurses attenin- su&% persons 8"9 pea&e o2&ers an men o*re-ularly &onstitute +re epartments. 8As amene by Com. A&t No. 4=4.9

8@9 Aopt, maintain, or apply pra&ti&es or measures, rules or re-ulations to w%i&%

t%e publi& s%all be sube&t in its relations wit% t%e publi& ser/i&e.

CAPT(E IV

P(NALTI(S ?)E VI)LATI)NS

Se&tion !. (/ery publi& ser/i&e /iolatin- or *ailin- to &omply wit% t%e terms an&onitions o* any &erti+&ate or any orers, e&isions or re-ulations o* t%eCommission s%all be sube&t to a +ne o* not e&eein- two %unre pesos per ay*or e/ery ay urin- w%i&% su&% e*ault or /iolation &ontinues an t%e Commissionis %ereby aut%orie an empowere to impose su&% +ne, a*ter ue noti&e an%earin-.

T%e +nes so impose s%all be pai to t%e Go/ernment o* t%e P%ilippines t%rou-% t%eCommission, an *ailure to pay t%e +ne in any &ase wit%in t%e same spe&i+e in t%eorer or e&ision o* t%e Commission s%all be eeme -oo an su2&ient reason *ort%e suspension o* t%e &erti+&ate o* sai publi& ser/i&e until payment s%all be mae.Payment may also be en*or&e by appropriate a&tion brou-%t in a &ourt o*&ompetent urisi&tion. T%e remey pro/ie in t%is se&tion s%all not be a bar to, ora Pro/ie, t%at t%e Commission may&ompromise any &ase t%at arise uner t%is A&t in su&% manner an *or su&% amountas it may eem ust an reasonable.

Se&tion 3. Any publi& ser/i&e &orporation t%at s%all per*orm, &ommit, or o any a&tor t%in- *orbien or pro%ibite or s%all ne-le&t, *ail or omit to o or per*orm any a&tor t%in- %erein to be one or per*orme, s%all be punis%e by a +ne not e&eein-twenty7+/e t%ousan pesos, or by imprisonment not e&eein- +/e years, or bot%,in t%e is&retion o* t%e &ourt.

Se&tion 4. Any person w%o s%all @nowin-ly an will*ully per*orm, &ommit, or o, or

parti&ipate in per*ormin-, &ommittin-, or oin-, or w%o s%all @nowin-ly an will*ully&ause, parti&ipate, or oin wit% ot%ers in &ausin- any publi& ser/i&e &orporation or&ompany to o, per*orm or &ommit, or w%o s%all a/i&e, soli&it, persuae, or@nowin-ly an will*ully instru&t, ire&t, or orer any o2&er, a-ent, or employee o*any publi& ser/i&e &orporation or &ompany to per*orm, &ommit, or o any a&t ort%in- *orbien or pro%ibite by t%is A&t, s%all be punis%e by a +ne not e&eein-two t%ousan pesos, or imprisonment not e&eein- two years, or bot%, in t%eis&retion o* t%e &ourt> Pro/ie, %owe/er, t%at *or operatin- a pri/ate passen-er


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automobile as a publi& ser/i&e wit%out %a/in- a &erti+&ate o* publi& &on/enien&e *ort%e same t%e o


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so. To en*or&e t%e pro/isions o* t%is se&tion, t%e Commission may, i* ne&essary,re1uest t%e assistan&e o* t%e muni&ipal poli&e *or t%e ee&ution o* any orer mae*or sai purpose.

8!9 F%ile t%e Commission is aut%orie to ma@e rules *or t%e &onu&t o* t%eir

business, it &oul not set at nau-%t t%e *unamental rule o* all pro&eein-s t%atonly parties %a/in- a real interest will be %ear.

89 A party not a


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urisi&tion o* w%i&% su&% in1uiry is &arrie on, may in &ase o* &ontuma&y o* re*usalto obey a subpoena, issue to any publi& ser/i&e sube&t to t%e pro/isions o* t%is A&t,or to any person, an orer re1uirin- su&% publi& ser/i&e or ot%er person to appearbe*ore t%e Commission an prou&e an papers i* so orere an -i/e e/ien&etou&%in- t%e matter an any *ailure to obey su&% orer o* t%e &ourt may bepunis%e by su&% &ourt as a &ontempt t%ereo*.

8b9 Any person w%o s%all ne-le&t or re*use to answer any law*ul in1uiry or prou&et%e Commission boo@s, paper, tari


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&ommission any &ler@ o* t%e Court o* ?irst Instan&e, muni&ipal u-e or usti&e o* t%epea&e o* t%e P%ilippines to ta@e t%e eposition o* witnesses in any &ase penin-be*ore t%e Commission. It s%all be t%e uty o* t%e o2&ial so &ommissione, toesi-nate promptly a ate or ates *or t%e ta@in- o* su&% eposition, -i/in- timelynoti&e to t%e parties, an on sai ate to pro&ee to ta@e t%e eposition, reu&in- itto writin-. A*ter t%e epositions %a/e been ta@en, t%e o2&ial so &ommissione s%all&erti*y to t%e epositions ta@en an *orwar t%em as soon as possible to t%eCommission. It s%all be t%e uty o* t%e respe&ti/e parties to *urnis% steno-rap%ers*or ta@in- an trans&ribin- t%e testimony ta@en. in &ase t%e are no steno-rap%ersa/ailable, t%e testimony s%all be ta@en in lon- %an by su&% person as t%e &ler@ o*&ourt, t%e muni&ipal u-e or usti&e o* t%e pea&e may esi-nate. T%e Commissionmay also &ommission a notary publi& to ta@e t%e epositions in t%e same manner%erein pro/ie.

T%e Commission may also, by proper orer, aut%orie any o* t%e attorneys o* t%ele-al i/ision or i/ision &%ie*s o* t%e Commission, i* t%ey be lawyers, to %ear anin/esti-ate any &ase +le, wit% t%e Commission an in &onne&tion t%erewit% to

re&ei/e su&% e/ien&e as may be material t%ereto. At t%e &on&lusion o* t%e %earin-or in/esti-ation, t%e attorney or i/ision &%ie* so aut%orie s%all submit t%ee/ien&e re&ei/e by %im to t%e Commission to enable t%e latter to rener itse&ision. 8As amene by Eep. A&t No. $3.9

Se&tion 33. (/ery orer mae by t%e Commission s%all be ser/e upon t%e personor publi& ser/i&e a


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e/ien&e presente to t%e Commission, to-et%er wit% t%e re&or o* t%e pro&eein-sbe*ore t%e Commission, s%all be &erti+e by t%e se&retary o* t%e Commission to t%eSupreme Court. Any orer, rulin-, or e&ision o* t%e Commission may li@ewise bere/iewe by t%e Supreme Court upon a writ o* &ertiorari in proper &ases. T%epro&eure *or re/iew, e&ept as %erein pro/ie, s%all be pres&ribe by rules o* t%eSupreme Court.

Se&tion 36. Any ot%er, rulin-, or e&ision o* t%e may be re/iewe on t%e appli&ationo* any person or publi& ser/i&e a


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ser/i&es are unust an unreasonable or unustly is&riminatory 89 to representan appear *or t%e publi& be*ore t%e Commission or any &ourt o* t%e P%ilippines ine/ery &ase in/ol/in- t%e interest o* users o* t%e prou&ts o*, or ser/i&e *urnis%e byany publi& ser/i&e uner t%e urisi&tion o* t%e Commission 839 to represent anappear *or petitioners appearin- be*ore t%e Commission *or t%e purpose o*&omplainin- in matters o* t%e rates an ser/i&es 849 to in/esti-ate t%e ser/i&e -i/enby t%e rates &%ar-e by, an t%e /aluation o* t%e properties o* t%e publi& ser/i&esuner t%e urisi&tion o* t%e Commission, an su&% ot%er matters relatin- to saipubli& ser/i&es as a


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8&9 T%e &%ar-e o* t%irty pesos *or t%e +lin- o* ot%er appli&ations by any publi&ser/i&e operator not spe&i+&ally pro/ie *or in t%e pre&ein- para-rap%s o* t%isse&tion ot%er t%an motions o* a temporary or in&iental &%ara&ter> Pro/ie,%owe/er, T%at +*teen pesos only s%all be &olle&te *or ea&% &erti+&ate o* publi&&on/enien&e or &erti+&ate o* publi& &on/enien&e an ne&essity in iploma *ormissue to a publi& ser/i&e operator.

89 ?or annual reimbursement o* t%e epenses in&urre by t%e Commission *or t%esuper/ision an re-ulation o* t%e operations o* motor /e%i&le ser/i&es>

8!9 ?or ea&% automobile, ten pesos.

89 ?or ea&% motor /e%i&le, tru&@, or trailer o* less t%an two tons -rosstransportation &apa&ity, ten pesos.

839 ?or ea&% motor /e%i&le, tru&@, or trailer o* two tons or more, but less t%an t%reetons -ross transportation &apa&ity, twenty pesos.

849 ?or ea&% motor /e%i&le, tru&@, or trailer o* t%ree tons or more but less t%an *ourtons -ross transportation &apa&ity, t%irty pesos.

8=9 Jotor /e%i&les, tru&@s, trailers or buses o* *our tons or more -ross &apa&ity s%allpay at t%e rate o* ten pesos per ton -ross. T%e *ees pro/ie in para-rap%s 89 an8e9 %ereo* s%all be pai on or be*ore September t%irtiet% o* ea&% year wit% a penaltyo* +*ty per &entum in &ase o* elin1uen&y> Pro/ie, *urt%er, T%at i* t%e *ees or anybalan&e t%ereo* are not pai wit%in sity ays *rom t%e sai ate, t%e penalty s%allbe in&rease by one per &entum *or e/ery mont% t%erea*ter o* elin1uen&y>Pro/ie, %owe/er, T%at motor /e%i&les re-istere in t%e Jotor Ve%i&les )2&e a*terSeptember t%irtiet% s%all be eempt *rom payment *or sai year.

8e9 ?or annual reimbursement o* t%e epenses in&urre by t%e Commission in t%e

super/ision o* ot%er publi& ser/i&es anOor in t%e re-ulation or +in- o* t%eir rates,twenty &enta/os *or ea&% one %unre pesos or *ra&tion t%ereo*, o* t%e &apital sto&@subs&ribe or pai, or i* no s%ares %a/e been issue, o* t%e &apital in/este, or o*t%e property an e1uipment, w%i&%e/er is %i-%er.

8*9 ?or t%e issue or in&rease o* &apital sto&@, twenty &enta/os *or ea&% one %unrepesos or *ra&tion t%ereo*, o* t%e in&rease &apital.

8-9 ?or ea&% permit aut%oriin- t%e in&rease o* e1uipment, t%e installation o* newunits or aut%oriin- t%e in&rease o* &apa&ity. or t%e etension o* means or -eneraletension in t%e ser/i&es, twenty &enta/os *or ea&% one %unre pesos or *ra&tion o* t%e aitional &apital ne&essary to &arry out t%e permit.

8%9 ?or t%e inspe&tion or &erti+&ation mae in t%e meter laboratory o* t%eCommission or ea&% apparatus or meter use by any publi& ser/i&e, *our pesos, an*or eamination mae outsie t%e meter laboratory o* t%e Commission, t%eaitional epenses as may be in&urre in ma@in- t%e eamination s%all also bepai.

8i9 ?or &erti+&ation o* &opies o* o2&ial o&uments in t%e +les o* t%e Commission,+*ty &enta/os plus +*ty &enta/os *or ea&% pa-e or *olio so &erti+e.


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T%is se&tion s%all not be appli&able to t%e Eepubli& o* t%e P%ilippines, nor to itsinstrumentalities.

Asie *rom t%e appropriations *or t%e Commission uner t%e annual GeneralAppropriation A&t, any unepene balan&e o* t%e *ees &olle&te by t%e Commission

uner t%is se&tion s%all be &onstitute re&eipts automati&ally appropriate ea&%year, an to-et%er wit% any surplus in t%e stanariin- meter laboratory re/ol/in-*un uner Commonwealt% A&t Numbere T%ree %unre *orty7nine, s%all beisburse by t%e Publi& Ser/i&e Commissioner in a&&oran&e wit% spe&ial bu-ets tobe appro/e by t%e Department o* Musti&e, t%e ;u-et Commission an t%e )2&e o* t%e Presient o* t%e P%ilippines *or aitional neee personal ser/i&es,maintenan&e an operatin- epenses, a&1uisition o* ur-ently neee /e%i&les,*urniture an e1uipment, maintenan&e o* an ae1uate re*eren&e library, a&1uisitiono* a lot an builin- *or t%e Commission, an ot%er epenses ne&essary *or e2&ientaministration an e


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Se&tion 46. A&t numbere t%irty7two %unre an *orty7se/en an A&t numberet%irty7+/e %unre an ei-%teen s%all &ontinue in *or&e an e

Documents

Transpo Law - Codal Provisions