Transport Socialisation and Education Transport Socialisation and Education

Transport Socialisation and Education

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Overview

(Self) Introduction to socialsiation

Facts and Figures to Childrens Behaviour and Abilities

Role Play

Exercises and Presentations / Discussions


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Socialisation

The term socialization is used to refer to the process of learning one’s culture and how to live within it. For the individual it provides the skills and habits necessary for acting and participating within their society. For the society, inducting all individual members into its moral norms, attitudes, values, motives, social roles, language and symbols is the ‘means by which social and cultural continuity are attained’ (Clausen 1968).


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On average a child covers a distance of approximately 16 km

13

26

39404442

16

0

10

20

30

40

50

6-15years

16-25years

26-35years

36-45years

46-55years

56-65years

66 yearsand older

kilo

me

ter

pe

r w

ork

da

y p

er

pe

rso

n

Austrian average:32

• Children are very mobile (4- 8 trips a day)

• Children use mainly sustainable modes

• Children travel short distances


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Biggest fears of parents

6

3

3

3

3

6

6

8

26

40

55

no fear

bad company

poor future

Aids

world-wide situation

ecological damage

other accidents

illness

drugs

crime

traffic accidents

Source: VCÖ (Traffic Club Austra)


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More and more children are car passengers

7,2

40,8

32,7

19,3

5,3

26,6

31,9

36,2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

walking cycling carpassenger

publictransport

pe

rce

nta

ge

of

me

an

s o

f tr

an

sp

ort

us

ed

by

c

hild

ren

fo

r th

eir

va

rio

us

tri

ps

1995

2003


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Trips to school by car are increasing

4,9

6,5

12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1978 1985 2000

Sch

oo

l tri

ps

by

car

of

all 5

- to

12

year

old

s in

%*

Sou

rce

: F

un

k/F

ass

ma

nn

200

2 90

,123


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5‘ before school starts... ... and 5‘ after

ESTABLISH AWARENESS...

Who is to blame?


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311

21

12

6134

22

2

1740

10

11

37

19

ind

ica

ted

in

pe

rce

nt

Walking

Bicycle

Car Passenger

Car driver

Public Transport

Other

Teachers mostly use

the car

Modal Split of primary school children in Graz

Desired Modal Split of children

Source: FGM


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311

21

12

6134

22

2

1740

10

11

37

19

ind

ica

ted

in

pe

rce

nt

Walking

Bicycle

Car Passenger

Car driver

Public Transport

Other

Teachers mostly use

the car



Source: FGM


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311

21

12

6134

22

2

1740

10

11

37

19

ind

ica

ted

in

pe

rce

nt

Walking

Bicycle

Car Passenger

Car driver

Public Transport

Other

Teachers mostly use

the car



Source: FGM


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Fewer accidents due to safer roads

Children get to school without being dropped

off by carMore and more children walk or cycle to school

Concerns of parents regarding the dangers of traffic decrease further

Motorized individual traffic decreases

Source: The PEP contribution 2004109

Reducing danger leads to more quality of life


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Overweight children are an increasing problem

3635

3130

28

22222120

191818181818161616

151413

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

SK 1995

-199

9

FI -19

99

NL 199

7

DE 1995

CZ 200

0

CH 199

9

YU 1998

FR 200

0

SE 200

1

HU 199

3- 1

994

DK 199

8

BE 1992

PL 199

6- 1

999

BG 2

000

NO 1

996

AT 200

3

UK 199

8

HR 199

8

ES 199

8- 2

000

EL 200

0

MT 1

992

IT 2

001

Dis

trib

uti

on

of

ov

erw

eig

ht

in c

hild

ren

, ag

ed

10

, in

pe

rce

nt

Sou

rce

: In

t.o

bes

en

ess

- T

ask

Fo

rce

20

02

125


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Children’s abilities according to levels of development – auditory and visual 1/2

• 3-4 year olds cannot distinguish between stationary and moving vehicles

• Small children cannot associate a definite noise with a specific cause

• Differences between left and right can only be distinguished from 8 years on

• From 8 years onwards children use their sense of hearing also for road traffic


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Children’s abilities according to levels of development – auditory and visual 2/2

• Children can see things through the perspective of others from 9 on

• Judging of distances also works from 9 years onwards

• Children can judge speed relatively late (after 10 years)

• Only with 12 years the field of vision of children is fully developed (also the sides


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Development of children and mobility, respectively (ideal scenarios) 1/2

Age

Infant 01

Crawling

Toddler 2 WalkingExploring of the immediate homeAcceptance into groups of older children

3 Exploration of one’s own road(self-initiated) friendships in the neighbourhood

4 First tries on the child bikeExploration of neighbouring streetsgroups of children of the same ageIndependent contacts with the world of grown ups (shopping)

5 Trip to the kindergarten (up to approx. 1 km)Kindergarten- / school acquaintances

Source: VCÖ


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Development of children and mobility, respectively (ideal scenarios) 2/2

School child

6 Trip to school Schoolbus, urban bus to school Radius of action to near destinations (playground, swimming pool etc.)

7 Extended Radius of Action First (forbidden) expeditions (also by bike) Bus in urban area

10 Neighbouring town is included in the action radius Cycling in local area Totally independent use of bus and trams within the municipal area

Source: VCÖ


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demand for daycarer

Children development in good living environment (slow & little traffic) and bad environment (fast & much traffic)

Duration of play without supervision

accompanied by adults

good living environment

bad environment


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Number of friends in average

Share of trips to visit friends done without supervision of adults

Social contacts of the parents in

average

5 year old children and their parentsgood living environment

bad living environment


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Living surroundingsComparison of games played in living surroundings and on public playgrounds

Running around

Being noisy

Roller skates

Water

Bring toys from home

Swing & slide

Climbing

Picking Flowers

Playing ball

Selfinvented games

Playground


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6 to 14 year olds prefer to be in public places

3,11,2

4,64,6

16,5

29,130,1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

outdoor pool

public areas

others

other sport f

acilities

other leisure fa

cilities

playgroundclubs

Inte

rvie

we

d c

hild

ren

in p

erc

en

t


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MODAL SPLIT

WERBE SPLIT

MODAL SPLITim Kinderzimmer


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MODAL SPLIT

WERBE SPLIT



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MODAL SPLIT

WERBE SPLIT



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How is cycling usually conveyed pedagogically to children?

• We encourage children to learn rules

• We tell children about all the things they are not allowed to do

• We show them the red card when their bike is not roadworthy

• We point out the routes they are not allowed to take

• We prevent them from cycling, because it’s too dangerous

• We make it clear that they have to protect themselves well (helmet, fluorescent vest etc.)


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Cycling does not only stand for safety

• Cycling is an experience for all senses

• While cycling children can feel velocity, cool wind blowing or headwind

• Using a scooter or a run bike children can train balance

• While cycling children are able to discover their surroundings and experience independence

• Cycling counteracts a lack of activity

• With the bike children can test their limits


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Strategy

Direct the vision on the potentials: what positive things can children experience while cycling or walking?

Present successful mobility projects for children offering helpful suggestions for the one’s own implementation

Invite charismatic experts to encourage and reassure you to become active

Arrange Study Visits to locations where successful projects have already been implemented and meet implementers and politicians alike

Design structures and framework conditions in a way to make walking and cycling possible


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Kindergarten and Mobility

There is nothing like starting young


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Positive emotions for cycling- Learning how to bike

- Certificate „I can bike“

- Picture stories concerning cycling


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Cycling to the kindergarten

- Bicycle lottery

- Kids trailer rental


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EvaluationWhich elements of the kindergarten program did you like?

(multiple answers are possible)

100%

97%

76%

70%

18%Other

Picture book

Certificat "I can bike"

Cycling test

Cycling training


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reduce problems caused by traffic congestion on and around the site

raise the image of schools that carry out educational traffic campaigns

help provide less stressful options for travel to school

give opportunities to build healthy exercise into daily life

For a school, educational campaigns can:


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The Traffic Snake Game


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The Traffic Snake Game

1 week

• Children and parents walk, cycle, take public transport or use the carpool

• Save points together

Advantages• Playful and structured action, easy to organise

• Awareness raising on safe and sustainable home-school traffic

• Children become visible and able-bodied in traffic

• Less car traffic, meaning less traffic chaos and less parking pressure at the school gates

• Big success and great effects due to involvement of the complete schools


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In Belgium:Schoolyear 2006-2007:500 schools76.927 pupils / 5.763 teachers / 51.664 families

The Traffic Snake Game is now also played in NL, AT, RO, BU, HU, IT, SI, GR. Supported by STEER.www.schoolway.net


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Mobility management for schools

School environment that invites to walk and cycle

Walking routes / Cycling routes

Guided walking and/or cycling

Parents stops to keep cars away

Transport education (materials for teachers)


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Radfahrtraining an Grazer Schulen

BICYCLE TRAINING FOR PUPILS IN REAL TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT


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training in real environment (on the road!) to widen the issue of environmental friendly behaviour: walking and cycling as a new topic

New pedagogical approach


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Background: Bicycle education in protected areas isn‘t an adequate training area


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Exercises on coordination and concentration

Training day: Start with psychomotor abilities & skills


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Cycling together in real traffic


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Main part of the training: Individual exercises & special support by the trainer


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Multiple Tasks in complex (riding & stopping, looking, listening, assessing the distance, handling, starting…)


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How do you assess the bicycle training?

Very good goodsatisfaying

sufficientnot good

no commentSurvey with 663 parents in 2005


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Conclusion

Teachers and parents recommend the bicycle training

Over 15.000 children trained over the last 12 years

Accident-free training since 1995

School surroundings‘ analysis in cooperation with the city of Graz

Investigation of pupil‘s mobility behaviour and what they like when cycling

Winner of the Shimano Cycling Concept Award 2004


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WALKING BUSSES

Not even crutches can keep me

at home!


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DefinitionThe Walking Bus is a group of primary school children who walk to and from school. The groups are supervised by adults.


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Each circuit under 1 km

Each stop more then 150 m

Timetable agreed with parents

1 accompanying person for 8 children


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Co-ordinator Austrian Mobility Research FGM-AMOR

Robert Pressl / Karl ReiterTel: +43 316 81 04 51 13 / +43 316 81 04 51 23

e-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]

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Transport Socialisation and Education Transport Socialisation and Education