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Transportation as a Civil Right Guillermo Mayer , Public Advocates Bob Allen , Urban Habitat www.publicadvocates.org www.urbanhabitat.org. Transportation: A Cornerstone of Civil Rights. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Transportation: A Cornerstone of Civil Rights. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Transportation
as a
Civil Right
Guillermo Mayer, Public Advocates
Bob Allen, Urban Habitat
www.publicadvocates.org
www.urbanhabitat.org
Transportation: A Cornerstone of Civil Rights
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Transportation: A Cornerstone of Civil Rights
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
Foundation of Civil Rights
• Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits recipients of federal funding from discriminating on the basis of race, color, or national origin.
Civil Rights and EJ
President Clinton’s Executive Order 12898 on Environmental Justice requires that federal agencies (and subrecipients):
“make achieving environmental justice part of their mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies and activities on minority populations and low-income populations in the United States…”
Civil Rights and Transportation
• Low income communities and minority communities are protected against:
1) Intentional Discrimination
2) Discriminatory IMPACTS
• LIC and Minority Communities have a right to a voice in transportation decisions.
Transportation JusticeFundamental Questions:
• What are the benefits and burdens of transportation investments?
(highways, transit, facilities, ports, airports)
• Who benefits?
• Who is burdened?
• Are the benefits and burdens equitably shared?
Transit Investments = ACCESS to Opportunity
Transit Beneficiaries
Dimensions of Transit Equity:Availability
Reliability
Affordability
Safety
Language & Physical Access
Amenities
Environmental Impacts
Case Study: Los Angeles
Labor/Community Strategy Center
v.
Los Angeles MTA
Public Transit Ridership 1994
Bus 버스
Autobús
94%Rail/Suburban Trains
6%
Racial Composition on the Bus, 1994
19%
81%
WhiteBlack, Latino, API
60% of bus riders have incomes below $12,000 60% of bus riders are women
Racial Composition on Rail & Suburban Trains, 1994
48%
52%
Black, Latino, API, Indigenous
White
MTA $3 BillionBudget Distribution 1994
70%30%
BusRail/Suburban Trains
1996: BRU + MTA Sign a Consent
Decreea legal contract
that obligates MTA to improve the bus system by reducing
overcrowding, maintaining low fares, and adding new service
Over $2.5 billion redistributed to low-income Black, Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander and white bus riders•1,800 new replacement buses, more than 560 additional buses (no diesel, all clean fuel)
•Largest Clean Fuel Fleet in the country
•Over $1 million annual bus service hours added
•Saved Monthly Pass, added Bi-Weekly and Weekly Pass (1st in the country), & 75-cent Night Fare
Case Study: Bay Area
MTC’s Transit Expansion Program ($13.5 billion total)MTC’s Transit Expansion Program ($13.5 billion total)
Rail94.0%
Ferry1.3%
Bus4.7%