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NCHRP 368

State DOT Financial Auditing Requirements for Public Transportation Assistance Programs

Accession Number:01366178

Record Type:Monograph

Record URL:http://onlinepubs.trb.org...bs/nchrp/nchrp_rrd_368.pdf

Availability:Transportation Research Board Business Office

500 Fifth Street, NW

Washington, DC 20001 USA

Order URL: http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/166873.aspxFind a library where document is available

Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309213943Abstract:This digest summarizes key findings from NCHRP Project 20-65(33), Determination of State DOT Financial Auditing Requirements for Their Public Transportation Assistance Programs. It documents various policies and procedures used by state departments of transportation (DOTs) for conducting grantee financial audits, presenting best practices currently in use to enable state DOTs to enhance and streamline their current financial auditing requirements. The digest was prepared from the project final report.

http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309213943

http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/166873.aspx

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rrd_368.pdf

NCHRP 369

AASHTO T 209: Effect of Agitation Equipment Type on Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity Values








Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309213820Abstract:This digest summarizes key findings of research conducted in NCHRP Project 10-87(01), "Precision Statements for AASHTO Standard Methods of Test." The digest is an abridgement of the full final report. The goal of the research was to evaluate the effect of using various devices and methods on measured values of the theoretical maximum specific gravity (G sub mm) of hot mix asphalt. The variables examined included agitation and device type, vibration intensity of mechanical shaking tables, order of placing water and mixture in vacuum container, and duration of the vacuum/agitation process.




NCHRP 370

Guidelines for Project Selection and Materials Sampling, Conditioning, and Testing in WMA Research Studies








Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309213868Abstract:This digest summarizes the results of a workshop held on May 13, 2011 in Irvine, California, to coordinate key warm mix asphalt (WMA) research projects. The results of the workshop are presented in tables which contain a proposed core set of criteria, methods, and protocols, including the following: field project selection criteria (Table 1); specimen preparation methods (Table 2); conditioning methods for laboratory-mixed, laboratory-compacted (LMLC) specimens, plant-mixed, laboratory-compacted (PMLC) specimens, and plant-mixed, field-compacted (PMFC) specimens (Table 3); performance test methods for LMLC, PMLC, and PMFC specimens (Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, and Table 7); and binder and aggregate test methods (Table 8).




NCHRP 600

Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Second Edition



Blurb URL:http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167909.aspx Record URL:

http://onlinepubs.trb.org...rp/nchrp_rpt_600Second.pdf





Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258166

Abstract:This report completes and updates the first edition of NCHRP Report 600 which was published previously in three collections (NCHRP Reports 600A, 600B, and 600C). The report contains guidelines that provide human factors principles and findings for consideration by, and is a resource document for, highway designers, traffic engineers, and other safety practitioners. Each of the design guidelines is presented using a consistent, highly structured format that is intended to maximize ease of use and interpretability. The guidelines focus on providing specific, actionable design principles, supported by a discussion and review of key research and analyses. Special design issues and considerations are included to help address design constraints and relevant trade-offs.

Report/Paper Numbers:Project 17-47

NCHRP 693Attracting, Recruiting, and Retaining Skilled Staff for Transportation System Operations and Management



Record URL:http://onlinepubs.trb.org...bs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_693.pdf






Abstract:This report presents guidance to help transportation agencies recruit and retain qualified professional staff in the Systems Operation and Management (SOM) area. It is based on an analysis of SOM career paths, skill requirements, and training needs to identify successful programs, state-of-the-art initiatives, and best industry practices. This report will be useful for all transportation professionals working in the SOM area and the Human Resources staff who address their personnel requirements.


NCHRP 694

Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Congestion Pricing Projects









Abstract:These guidelines are intended for transportation practitioners involved in the planning, design, and operation of congestion-pricing projects. They will help agencies select or develop measures to evaluate these projects, collect the necessary data, track performance, and communicate the results to decision makers, users, and the general public. These guidelines will be valuable to all agencies who are using or considering congestion pricing to manage their roadway capacity.


NCHRP 697

Design Guidelines for Increasing the Lateral Resistance of Highway-Bridge Pile Foundations by Improving Weak Soils







Order

URL

:http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/Design_...Increasing_the_Lateral_Resis_165939.aspx

Find a library where document is availableOrder URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309213417

Abstract:This report presents design guidance for strengthening of soils to resist lateral forces on bridge pile foundations. Lateral loads may be produced by wave action, wind, seismic events, ship impact, or traffic. Strengthening of soil surrounding the upper portions of piles and pile groups—for example by compaction, replacement of native soil with granular material, or mixing of cement with soil—may be more cost-effective than driving additional piles and extending pile caps as ways to increase the bridge foundation's capacity to resist lateral forces associated with these loads. This report presents computational methods for assessing soil-strengthening options using finite-element analysis of single piles and pile groups and a simplified approach employing commercially available software. The analysis methodology and design guidelines will be helpful to designers responsible for bridge foundations likely to be exposed to significant lateral loads.


NCHRP 701

Proposed Specifications for LRFD Soil-Nailing Design and Construction









Abstract:This report contains proposed specifications for the design and construction of soil-nailed retaining structures. Despite their advantages in cut applications, these structures are not available to some state departments of transportation, due to the lack of guidance for their use in AASHTO's standard specifications based on load and resistance factor design (LRFD). This report will be of interest to geotechnical engineers and construction managers, who would like to promote a more common utilization of soil nailing.


NCHRP 703

Guide for Pavement-Type Selection









Abstract:This report presents a recommended "Guide for Pavement-Type Selection." The guide includes practical, logical, and transparent processes for conducting systematic evaluations of pavement alternatives and for making decisions on pavement-type selection. These processes can be used for both agency-based and contractor-based type selections and may be applied to different pavement types and structures. These processes are supplemented by examples to illustrate the application of the recommended guide for the commonly encountered scenarios of alternative bidding and design-build of operations and maintenance projects. The material contained in the report will be of immediate interest to state pavement engineers, design consultants, paving contractors, and others involved in project design and pavement-type selection.


NCHRP 706Uses of Risk Management and Data Management to Support Target-Setting for Performance-Based Resource Allocation by Transportation Agencies








Abstract:This report describes how risk management and data management may be used by transportation agencies to support management target-setting for performance-based resource allocation. As the final product of a second phase of NCHRP Project 08-70, Target-Setting Methods and Data Management to Support Performance-Based Resource Allocation by Transportation Agencies, this report supplements NCHRP Report 666, "Target-Setting Methods and Data Management to Support Performance-Based Resource Allocation by Transportation Agencies: Volume I: Research, Volume II: Guide for Target-Setting and Data Management," published in 2010. Transportation agencies at all levels of government are embracing performance measurement to improve agency efficiency and accountability. Setting performance targets generally entails balancing competing objectives and dealing with political implications in a context of uncertainties about economic conditions, fiscal constraints, climate conditions, customer demands, and more. Good data on the transportation system and its performance provides the information managers need to set targets, but good management depends on clear understanding of the risks that future conditions will differ significantly from what today's best information suggests. Performance targets and consequent resource-allocation decisions established with such understanding are more likely to ensure that the agency and the transportation system perform well. This report presents advice and illustrative case studies, in the form of primers, on using risk management and data management practices in support of performance-based resource allocation, and specifically performance-target

setting. The information will be useful to senior agency managers seeking to develop and improve their performance-management practices.

NCHRP 707

Guidelines on the Use of Auxiliary Through Lanes at Signalized Intersections









Abstract:Lanes for through movements that begin upstream of a signalized intersection and end downstream of the intersection—auxiliary through lanes (ATLs)—are recognized as a moderate-cost approach to increase intersection and overall corridor capacity. This report provides guidelines to use for justification, design, and analysis of ATLs at signalized intersections. The report is aimed to assist transportation professionals in the effective and safe use of intersection auxiliary through lanes.


NCHRP 708

A Guidebook for Sustainability Performance Measurement for Transportation Agencies









Abstract:This guidebook provides state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies with a practical and easy-to-use approach to identify and apply sustainability-related performance measures, some number of which may already be integrated into agency business practices, to produce a new lens through which decision makers can view their agency's performance. It describes the underlying principles of sustainability as it relates to transportation, possible goals that can be used to address those principles, and performance measures that can be used to address those goals. Aspects of sustainability-related performance measures, including data sources and examples of use, are discussed. A reference compendium of performance measures has also been provided. This guidebook should be of immediate use to those who have mastered the basics of performance measurement and who are familiar with their own agencies' performance measurement program, but who are challenged with providing useful information to agency leadership on how effectively their organization is meeting or can meet sustainability goals. Examples from DOTs, private industry, and Europe illustrate how sustainability can be successfully added to an agency's extant performance measurement system.

NCHRP 709

Investigation of Short-Term Laboratory Aging of Neat and Modified Asphalt Binders









Abstract:This report provides a proposed method of test for short-term laboratory aging of neat and modified asphalt binders using the Modified German Rotating Flask (MGRF) as an alternative to the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT, AASHTO T 240). Thus, the report will be of immediate interest to staff of state highway agencies, materials suppliers, and paving contractors with responsibility for specification and testing of asphalt binders.

Supplemental Notes:Appendixes A through E are not published herein but are available on the NCHRP Project 9-36 project webpage on the TRB website.


NCHRP 711Guidance for the Selection, Use, and Maintenance of Cable Barrier Systems



Blurb URL:http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167753.aspx







Abstract:This report provides guidance for the selection, use, and maintenance of cable barrier systems. While cable barrier systems have been in use for more than 70 years, their use has been on the rise and is expected to continue in the future. The increase in use of cable barrier systems has been attributed to the success rate in keeping vehicles from crossing the median, reducing roadway departures, and decreasing impact severity. Due to advancements in cable barrier system technology, installation and repair costs are lower and cable barrier use has increased in varying roadway environments. Safety studies, although limited, have shown that cable barriers help reduce those median cross-over collisions that lead to some of the most severe head-on type crashes. This document will be of particular interest to design, maintenance, traffic, and safety engineering professionals.


NCHRP 712

Optimization of Tack Coat for HMA Placement










Abstract:This report presents proposed test methods for measuring the quality and performance characteristics of tack coat in the laboratory and the field, as well as a training manual presenting proposed construction and testing procedures for tack coat materials. Thus, the report will be of immediate interest to staff of state highway agencies, materials suppliers, and paving contractors with responsibility for selection, testing, and use of tack coat materials.


NCHRP 713Estimating Life Expectancies of Highway Assets. Volume 1: Guidebook




Record URL:http://onlinepubs.trb.org.../nchrp/nchrp_rpt_713v1.pdf






Abstract:This two-volume report provides a methodology for estimating the life expectancies of major types of highway system assets, in a form useful to state departments of transportation (DOTs) and others, for use in lifecycle cost analyses that support management decision making. Volume 1 is a guidebook for applying the methodology in DOT asset management policies and programs. Volume 2 describes the technical issues and data needs associated with estimating asset life expectancies and the practices used in a number of fields—such as the energy and financial industries—to make such estimates.


NCHRP 713

Estimating Life Expectancies of Highway Assets. Volume 2: Final Report










Abstract:This two-volume report provides a methodology for estimating the life expectancies of major types of highway system assets, in a form useful to state departments of transportation (DOTs) and others, for use in lifecycle cost analyses that support management decision making. Volume 1 is a guidebook for applying the methodology in DOT asset management policies and programs. Volume 2 describes the technical issues and data needs associated with estimating asset life expectancies and the practices used in a number of fields—such as the energy and financial industries—to make such estimates.


NCHRP 714

Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm Mix Asphalt: A Supplement to NCHRP Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary









Abstract:This report provides a mix design method tailored to the unique material properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies in the form of a supplement to NCHRP Report 673, "A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary." The report will be of immediate interest to materials engineers in state highway agencies and industry.


NCHRP 715

Highway Safety Manual Training Materials








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Abstract:This report provides the training materials to aid in implementing the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual (HSM). The training materials provide a broad overview of the HSM format and procedures. The enclosed CD-ROM (CRP-CD-106) includes presentation slides with speaker notes, participant handouts, interactive sample problems, smart spreadsheets, and similar supporting documents. Since the target audience for this training is transportation professionals who are not required to have a vast knowledge of safety assessment procedures, the collection of training material includes basic introductory information as well as specific content for advanced procedures where appropriate. The report also briefly addresses the preferred expertise of the candidate instructors so as to enhance the learning experience for all involved parties. The report will be of particular interest to safety practitioners responsible for developing and managing highway safety improvement programs.


NCHRP 716

Travel Demand Forecasting: Parameters and Techniques








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Abstract:This report is an update to NCHRP Report 365, "Travel Estimation Techniques for Urban Planning" and provides guidelines on travel demand forecasting procedures and their application for solving common transportation problems. The report presents a range of approaches that allow users to determine the level of detail and sophistication in selecting modeling and analysis techniques most appropriate to their situations and addresses straight-forward techniques, optional use of default parameters, and appropriate references to other more sophisticated techniques.


NCHRP 717

Scour at Bridge Foundations on Rock








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Abstract:This report provides a methodology for estimating the time rate of scour and the design scour depth for a bridge founded on rock, as well as design and construction guidelines for application of the methodology. It will be of interest to hydraulic, bridge, and geotechnical engineers responsible for designing bridge foundations on rock or maintenance engineers concerned about existing bridges founded on erodible rock.

Supplemental Notes:The appendices are available on the TRB website.


NCHRP 718

Fatigue Loading and Design Methodology for High-Mast Lighting Towers



Record URL:http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167099.aspx





Abstract:This report provides criteria for the fatigue design of high-mast lighting towers (HMLTs). The report also includes a series of proposed revisions with associated commentary to the fatigue design provisions of the "AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals." In addition, to ensure the fatigue design provisions are properly implemented into practice, design examples are also provided. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to highway design engineers.

Supplemental Notes:Only Appendices A and B are published in this report. Other appendices (C through I) are available on the TRB website and be found by searching on the title of the report.


NCHRP 719

Calibration of Rutting Models for Structural and Mix Design









Abstract:This report proposes revisions to the "Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide" (MEPDG) and software to (1) incorporate three alternative rut-depth prediction models that rely on repeated load (triaxial) permanent deformation or constant height testing to provide the requisite input data, and (2) provide revised coefficients for the original and alternative rut-depth transfer functions or prediction models derived from material properties measured in the laboratory and pavement performance data. Thus, the report will be of immediate interest to engineers in public- and private-sector organizations with responsibility for the structural design and analysis of asphalt concrete pavements.

Report/Paper Numbers:Project 9-30A

NCHRP 720

Estimating the Effects of Pavement Condition on Vehicle Operating Costs










Abstract:This report presents models for estimating the effects of pavement condition on vehicle operating costs. These models address fuel consumption, tire wear, and repair and maintenance costs and are presented as computational software on the accompanying CD-ROM, CRP-CD-111, to facilitate use. The material contained in the report should be of immediate interest to state pavement, construction, and maintenance engineers; vehicle fleet managers; and those involved in pavement investment decision processes and financial aspects of highway transportation.

Supplemental Notes:The appendices are available at the TRB website provided on this document record.


NCHRP 721

Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges










Abstract:This report provides proposed revisions to Section 7—Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges of the "AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation" with detailed examples of the application of the proposed revisions. The proposed revisions and examples were developed based on analytical and experimental research conducted to improve existing methods to evaluate and assess the serviceability of bridge structures for the fatigue limit state. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to highway design engineers.


NCHRP 722

Assessing Highway Tolling and Pricing Options and Impacts. Volume 1: Decision-Making Framework










Abstract:This report provides state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies that are considering instituting or modifying user-based fees or tolling on segments of their system with a decision-making framework and analytical tools that better describe likely impacts on revenue generation and system performance. This report is presented in two volumes. This volume, Volume 1, should be of immediate use to staff responsible for structuring the policy-level evaluation of potential tolling and pricing solutions to examine their policy implications, performance expectations, and financial impacts.


NCHRP 722

Assessing Highway Tolling and Pricing Options and Impacts. Volume 2: Travel Demand Forecasting Tools










Abstract:This report provides state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies that are considering instituting or modifying user-based fees or tolling on segments of their system with a decision-making framework and analytical tools that better describe likely impacts on revenue generation and system performance. This report is presented in two volumes. This volume, Volume 2, will provide staff who develop the forecasts of potential revenue, transportation demand, and congestion and system performance with an in-depth examination of the various analytical tools available for direct or adapted use.


NCHRP 723

A Model for Identifying and Evaluating the Historic Significance of Post-World War II Housing








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Abstract:This report provides state departments of transportation (DOTs) with a model for identifying and evaluating post-World War II (postwar) residences, a national historic context for this type of development, and guidance on developing project-specific historic contexts. This information will enable DOTs and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to effectively and efficiently comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act, setting out a consistent and predictable approach for identifying and evaluating postwar residential resources, thereby reducing costs and ensuring timely project delivery. This report should be of immediate use to DOT cultural preservation staff responsible for identifying and evaluating postwar residential development as part of the DOT's project delivery process. The report, which contains numerous illustrations and photographic examples of postwar housing, will also serve as an important reference document for cultural preservation professionals.

Report/Paper Numbers:

Project 08-77

NCHRP 725

Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges










Abstract:This report contains guidelines on the appropriate level of analysis needed to determine the constructability and constructed geometry of curved and skewed steel girder bridges. Required plan details and submittals are included in the guidelines. When appropriate in lieu of a 3D analysis, the guidelines also introduce improvements to 1D and 2D analyses that require little additional computational costs. The report will be of immediate interest to bridge and construction engineers.


NCHRP 726

A Guidebook for Nighttime Construction: Impacts on Safety, Quality, and Productivity










Abstract:This report provides a Guidebook of nighttime construction best practices concerning 1) implementation of new or innovative ideas to convert necessary work activities to effective nighttime production; 2) proven safety processes; 3) development of communication strategies (both external and internal); and 4) work-zone illumination methods, including a list of new and innovative lighting equipment with associated advantages and disadvantages. Also listed are activities that may increase or decrease productivity when performed during the nighttime period, as well as methods for conducting work-zone risk analysis planning and implementation for different types of work. This information is presented as a hands-on, user-friendly resource with hard-to-miss color icons that indicate key (not-to-forget) information, tips for proper use of the information, and additional sources of useful information. This Guidebook will be of interest to contractor and transportation agency personnel involved in night work, both in planning and in on-site activities.

NCHRP 727

Effective Experiment Design and Data Analysis in Transportation Research








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Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258494Abstract:This report describes the factors that should be considered in designing experiments and presents 21 typical transportation examples illustrating the experiment design process, including selection of appropriate statistical tests. The examples encompass a wide range of transportation disciplines and statistical methods. This report will be very beneficial to anyone with limited research experience needing to answer a question based on data (e.g., presenting ozone concentrations in a region, determining whether a contractor's quality assurance/quality control procedures are adequate, estimating the effect of automated enforcement on speeds, monitoring trends in the condition of bridge superstructures, developing a user survey to determine the impact of transit fare changes). The report is a companion to NCHRP CD-22, "Scientific Approaches to Transportation Research," Volumes 1 and 2, which were developed in NCHRP Project 20-45 and present detailed information on statistical methods. NCHRP CD-22 is available at http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/152122.aspx.



http://trid.trb.org/view/2012/M/www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167861.aspx

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_727.pdf


Project 20-71

NCHRP 728

Guidelines for Evaluating and Selecting Modifications to Existing Roadway Drainage Infrastructure to Improve Water Quality in Ultra-Urban Areas

Accession Number:

01449982






Order URL: http://www.trb.org/main/blurbs/168015.aspxFind a library where document is available

Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258609Abstract:This report provides guidelines to evaluate and select hydraulic modifications to existing drainage infrastructure that will help mitigate potential impacts of highway runoff on receiving waters. The guidelines are directed specifically at roadway facilities in dense urban areas that can be particularly difficult and costly to retrofit because of space limitations, high pollutant loadings, hydrologic flashiness, hydraulic constraints, legacy contamination, utility conflicts, and other issues. They will assist transportation agencies in meeting regulatory requirements under the Clean Water Act, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) allocations, endangered species protection, and watershed protection initiatives. The guidelines are accompanied by a Microsoft® Excel-based design and sizing tool on a CD-ROM, CRP-CD-116, bound into the back of this report. The tool generates best management practice (BMP) performance curves that relate the performance and design criteria for selected BMP controls described in the guidelines for each of the 15 U.S. rain zones. One of the significant features of the tool is that it allows users to explore BMP performance and retrofit sizing and design options based on user-selected design criteria and inputs. The guidelines will be of particular interest to planners, designers, and engineers with a basic


http://www.trb.org/main/blurbs/168015.aspx



understanding of the technical issues of BMP selection and design as applied to ultra-urban retrofit settings.

NCHRP 729

Automated Enforcement for Speeding and Red Light Running









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258432Abstract:This report provides guidelines for the start-up and operation of automated enforcement programs to reduce speeding and red light running in an effort to improve highway safety. The guidelines are based on a comprehensive, national review of both ongoing and terminated programs. This report will be of interest to highway traffic and safety engineers, enforcement agencies, and elected officials.






NCHRP 730

Design Guidance for Freeway Mainline Ramp Terminals









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258548Abstract:This report presents design guidance for freeway mainline ramp terminals based on current driver and vehicle behavior. The report will be useful to freeway designers and those responsible for developing design standards for freeway ramps. Special attention was given to the behavior of tractor-trailers and the report includes several speed-distance curves for tractor-trailers on grades up to 9% that could be useful in other applications (e.g., climbing lanes).






NCHRP 731

Guidelines for Timing Yellow and All-Red Intervals at Signalized Intersections









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258593Abstract:This report provides comprehensive and uniform guidelines for safe and efficient yellow change and all-red clearance intervals at signalized intersections. These proposed guidelines provide a framework that can be easily applied by state and local transportation agencies. This report will be of interest to safety and traffic engineers.






NCHRP 732

Methodologies to Estimate the Economic Impacts of Disruptions to the Goods Movement System









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258562Abstract:This report describes the impacts of bottlenecks and interruptions to the flow of goods through the nation's major freight corridors and intermodal connectors, the dynamics of that flow in response to disruptions, and the full economic impact on public and private entities beyond just the critical infrastructure and the carriers that depend on that flow. The report developed two approaches to analyzing the economic impacts: (1) a high-level methodology (that provides the user with "rules of thumb" that can be used to estimate the likely economic costs associated with any type of disruption) based on the concept that the economic impact of any disruption would depend primarily on the commodity characteristics, the extent and nature of the disruption, and the costs associated with different elements of the cost structure; and (2) a more detailed methodology that depends on a much higher level of detail and more sophisticated





analysis of the supply chain dynamic. This research will help to increase public understanding of the freight transportation system and improve the nation's ability to rapidly reconfigure the goods movement system to minimize disruptions.

NCHRP 733

High-Performance/High-Strength Lightweight Concrete for Bridge Girders and Decks









Abstract:This report presents proposed changes to the AASHTO LRFD bridge design and construction specifications to address the use of lightweight concrete in bridge girders and decks. These modified specifications will provide highway agencies with the information necessary to develop comparable designs of lightweight and normal weight concrete bridge elements for use in evaluating alternatives and selecting the alternative that will yield economic benefits. The material contained in the report should be of immediate interest to state bridge engineers and others involved in the design and construction of concrete bridges.





NCHRP 734

Hydraulic Loss Coefficients for Culverts









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258678Abstract:Traditional culvert applications were designed by determining the minimum culvert size that will pass the specified design flood. In recent years, culvert performance objectives and designs have been expanded to include other considerations such as improving fish and/or terrestrial animal passage and rehabilitating old, deteriorated culverts. This project evaluated culvert geometries associated with these new applications to develop the hydraulic relationships, including loss coefficients. The report will be of interest to hydraulic engineers and environmental staff.






NCHRP 735

Long-Distance and Rural Travel Transferable Parameters for Statewide Travel Forecasting Models









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258791Abstract:This guidebook provides transferable parameters for both personal long-distance travel and rural travel for statewide travel models, including applications and limitations. The guide is a supplement to NCHRP Report 716: "Travel Demand Forecasting: Parameters and Techniques," which focused on urban travel. The report will be of broad interest to travel demand practitioners at state departments of transportation (DOTs), metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), and consultants developing multistate and national travel forecasting models, statewide and intercity passenger models, and large regional models, especially those covering areas of low-density rural development patterns and undeveloped lands. Areas with a significant proportion of tourist travel will also find this report to be useful in quantifying long-distance travel patterns.






NCHRP 736

Resource Allocation Logic Framework to Meet Highway Asset Preservation









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258715Abstract:This report presents a logic framework for allocating limited highway asset preservation funds among competing demands to achieve high levels of system performance. The report also presents a spreadsheet-based computational tool that implements the framework. The tool uses linear programming optimization to allocate resources across asset classes or geographic regions, subject to constraints that typically must be considered in such decisionmaking, to achieve target asset performance or condition levels. Prototypical application scenarios and case-study examples illustrate how transportation agency staff may use the framework to assist resource allocation decisionmaking.






NCHRP 741

Evaluation of Methodologies for Visual Impact Assessments









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258869Abstract:This report provides an evaluation of methodologies for visual impact assessment (VIA). The report (a) evaluates state department of transportation (DOT) VIA procedures, methods, and practices that satisfy or exceed National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other requirements; (2) documents the use of different methodologies and approaches used by DOTs; (c) describes decision making frameworks used at state DOTs to undertake specific VIA techniques for a given project; (d) documents proven successful methods; (e) describes best practices illustrated by model case studies; and (f) documents promising new developments. The report will be of broad interest to state, regional, and local planners, project development staff, and environmental staff.






Project 25-33

NCHRP 742

Communicating the Value of Preservation: A Playbook









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258708Abstract:This report presents guidance for communicating the value of highway system maintenance and preservation. The guidance includes numerous examples and models that transportation agency staff members can use to present—succinctly and persuasively to agency leadership, elected officials, and the public—the case for allocating budgetary and other resources to preserve and maintain the public's investment in highway infrastructure.






NCHRP 743

Predicting the Initial Retroreflectivity of Pavement Markings from Glass Bead Quality








Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309258906Abstract:This report describes a proposed laboratory test method to predict the initial retroreflectivity of pavement markings in the field based on the quality of the applied glass beads. Thus, the report will be of immediate interest to state materials and maintenance engineers with responsibility for specification and placement of pavement marking materials. The project team conducted a combined laboratory and field experiment to develop, verify, and validate the proposed test method. The laboratory experiment addressed the characterization of glass beads and identified a drawdown test as a promising method to relate the laboratory retroreflectivity of glass beads to initial pavement marking retroreflectivity. The field experiment successfully verified and validated the laboratory results through a series of pilot- and full-scale pavement marking applications. Finally, the variability of the drawdown test method was estimated through a modified interlaboratory study. The study included five laboratories, which used the same set of beads and the same paint to conduct the drawdown test independently. Analysis of the results





demonstrated that the test method is repeatable and reproducible. The report fully documents the research; a proposed laboratory test method in AASHTO standard format is presented in Chapter 5: Findings and Recommendations. In addition, the report includes Appendix A: Explanation for Statistical Graphing.


NCHRP 745

Left-Turn Accommodations at Unsignalized Intersections









Abstract:This report presents guidance for the selection and design of left-turn accommodations at unsignalized intersections. Eleven case studies of typical situations illustrate the use of the guidance. The report will be useful to geometric designers and traffic engineers who deal with unsignalized intersections.

Language:English




NCHRP 751

Renewable Energy Guide for Highway Maintenance Facilities







Washington, DC 20001 United States


Abstract:This report presents a guide for the planning, design, and operation of new and retrofitted highway maintenance facilities that are sustainable and energy efficient over their service lives through the effective use of energy capture technologies. In this project, the term “highway maintenance facility” was defined as a building used to garage, repair, and maintain vehicles and equipment, with associated storage, shop, office, and other occupied spaces. The term “energy capture technology” refers to the use of both active, renewable (such as wind, solar, and ground-source) energy sources and passive (such as solar-thermal) building and site modifications. The development of the guide comprised several major tasks. The research team first conducted an extensive review of the worldwide literature on the use of renewable energy technologies to heat and cool, light, and provide electrical power for maintenance facilities




operated by highway agencies as well as organizations such as transit agencies and the military. The literature review was supported by a survey of state, local, and municipal highway agencies, organizations with similar missions, and technology vendors to determine (1) energy capture technologies currently employed at highway maintenance facilities, (2) existing or planned highway maintenance facilities where energy capture technologies can be effectively employed, and (3) strategies for financing projects incorporating renewable energy sources. Finally, the survey results were used to identify case studies of the use of renewable energy technologies in highway and non-highway maintenance facilities. The guide provides information specific to regional and facility-functional requirements and is suitable for possible adoption by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). It provides an extensive set of case studies illustrative of the use, benefits, and costs of renewable energy technologies in a variety of geographic and climatic regions in the United States. The guide fully documents the results of the research and includes an appendix for estimating the costs and capabilities of several renewable energy sources and a glossary of terms.


NCHRP 752

Improved Mix Design, Evaluation, and Materials Management Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content








Abstract:The objectives of this project were to (1) develop a mix design and evaluation procedure that provides satisfactory long-term performance for asphalt mixtures containing high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents—in the range of 25 to 50% or greater—and (2) propose changes to existing American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standards to adapt them to the design of high RAP content mixtures. The project team conducted a comprehensive laboratory experiment to answer basic questions about preparing and characterizing RAP materials for mix designs. A series of mix designs was then prepared with materials from four different parts of the United States with different RAP contents and different virgin binders. Those mix designs were evaluated against standard Superpave criteria and a set of performance-related tests to further assess the mix designs for their




susceptibility to common forms of distress, particularly fatigue cracking, low-temperature cracking, and moisture damage. A concurrent effort developed a set of best practices for RAP management in field production and construction from information obtained through a literature review, surveys of current practices in the industry, discussions with numerous contractor quality control (QC) personnel, and analysis of contractor stockpile QC data from across the United States The research found that only minor, though important, revisions to the current AASHTO standards for asphalt mix design, AASHTO R 35 (Superpave Volumetric Design for Hot Mix Asphalt) and M 323 (Superpave Volumetric Mix Design), were needed to adapt them for the successful design of high RAP content asphalt mixtures. As expected, high RAP contents substantially increased the dynamic modulus of the asphalt mixtures as well as their rutting resistance as measured by the confined flow number test. Tensile strength ratios of high RAP content mixtures as measured by AASHTO T 283 were comparable to those of control mixtures without RAP, indicating similar moisture damage susceptibilities. As might be expected, compared to control mixtures without RAP, the high RAP content mixtures generally had lower fracture energies at test temperatures used to evaluate susceptibility to fatigue and low-temperature cracking. This finding suggests that careful attention should be given to the selection of the performance grade of the virgin binder used in high RAP content mixtures to minimize any long-term risk of cracking distress.


NCHRP 753

A Pre-Event Recovery Planning Guide for Transportation









Abstract:This report provides an overview of what can be done to prepare for the recovery of transportation critical infrastructure. Principles and processes based on federal guidance, effective practices, and lessons from case studies are provided to guide transportation owners and operators in their efforts to plan for recovery prior to the occurrence of an event that impacts transportation systems. Tools and resources are included to assist in both pre-planning for recovery and implementing recovery after an event. The Guide is intended to provide a single resource for understanding the principles and processes to be used for pre-event recovery planning for transportation infrastructure. In addition to the principles and processes, the Guide contains checklists, decision support tools, and resources to support pre-event recovery




planning. The Guide will be of interest to transportation infrastructure owners/operators, transportations planners, and practitioners at the state and local levels.

Report/Paper Numbers:Project 20-59(33)

NCHRP 771

Strategies to Optimize Real Property Acquisition, Relocation Assistance, and Property Management Practices









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308106Abstract:Inefficiencies in the process to acquire and manage real property have a significant impact on the ability of transportation agencies to develop and deliver transportation projects effectively. Acquisition of real property is frequently on the critical path of transportation projects. Delays in acquiring real property are one of the main reasons (along with environmental reviews and utility relocations) for project delays and cost overruns. Current right-of-way practice and procedural manuals are the products of forty years of statutes, case law, regulations, management styles,





and best practices, brought into compliance with the requirements in the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (Uniform Act). State procedures vary widely because of differences in state laws. Local agencies are required to follow state DOT procedural manuals when they use state or federal funding. Questions arise as new staff try to understand the reason or underlying basis for requirements. Contractors and consultants face a wide array of requirements and forms among the various states. This report provides (a) improved, integrated real property procedures and business practices in the project development and delivery process; and (b) suggestions to improve property management practices. An online survey, follow-up interviews, and a peer exchange meeting were used to determine which business practices are critical to the mission of the project development and delivery process and real property management. The research compared a typical right-of-way business model currently in compliance with the Uniform Act and federal regulations with an improved model based upon an objective analysis of its key elements. The research produced (a) an integrated model of the transportation project development and delivery process, including a real property acquisition and relocation assistance model in accordance with 42 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.; (b) a reference real property acquisition and relocation assistance work schedule; and (c) a discussion of issues and challenges affecting project development and delivery that typically involve real property components, as well as strategies to address those issues and challenges. Standalone versions of the integrated model and reference work schedule were also developed and are included with this report on an attached CD-ROM (CRP-CD 154) or on the Transportation Research Board’s website.


NCHRP 773

Capacity Modeling Guidebook for Shared-Use Passenger and Freight Rail Operations









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308168Abstract:This report provides technical guidance for state departments of transportation (DOTs) who are starting or expanding passenger rail service on privately-owned and shared-use rail corridors. The guidance is designed to aid in the DOTs’ understanding of the methods host railroads use to calibrate and apply capacity models to determine if adequate capacity exists to support new or increased passenger rail service or if infrastructure improvements may be necessary. A





shared understanding of these methods will aid all parties—including state DOTs—in the negotiation of service outcome agreements. After an introductory chapter, the individual chapters present a synthesis of stakeholder input, analytical approaches to line capacity in shared-use corridors, best practices, and a discussion of recent and ongoing planning for the Chicago-Saint Louis high speed rail implementation on the Union Pacific Railroad and Canadian National Railway line. This report should be of immediate use to transportation professionals charged with the responsibility for planning passenger rail service and negotiating shared-corridor service agreements with host railroads.


NCHRP 774

Superelevation Criteria for Sharp Horizontal Curves on Steep Grades









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309307901Abstract:Sharp, horizontal curves on steep downgrades represent a potential safety concern for vehicles, especially heavy vehicles. Examples where this combination may occur are interchange ramp movements, curves on mountainous roads, or high-speed downgrade curves on controlled-access roadways. At these locations, the complicating factors of grade, pavement cross slope, and pavement friction fully tax the driver’s ability to provide correct vehicle positioning without compromising control of the vehicle. Superelevation criteria, horizontal curvature, and other





associated geometric criteria needed to be developed for situations where steep grades are located on sharp horizontal curves. This report provides superelevation criteria for horizontal curves on steep grades. A series of field studies and vehicle dynamics simulations were undertaken to investigate combinations of horizontal curve and vertical grade design. Three classes of passenger vehicles and three classes of trucks were considered for safety analysis. The report provides design guidance based on the analyses for sharp horizontal curves on steep grades.


NCHRP 776

Bridge System Safety and Redundancy









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309284080National Technical Information Service

5301 Shawnee Road

Alexandria, VA 22312 United States

Order Number: PB2014-107596

Abstract:





This report develops a method to calibrate system factors that can be applied during the design and load capacity evaluation of highway bridges to account for bridge redundancy and system safety. The proposed system factors can be used during the design and safety assessment of bridges subjected to distributed lateral load being evaluated using the displacement-based approach specified in the AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design or the traditional force-based approach. Also, the report presents system factors calibrated for application with bridge systems subjected to vertical vehicular loads.


NCHRP 778

Bridge Stormwater Runoff Analysis and Treatment Options









Abstract:This report presents information and an analysis process for identifying strategies for management of stormwater runoff from highway bridges. Departments of transportation and other public agencies responsible for managing stormwater runoff to reduce pollution loads in receiving waters may use this information and process to assist their selection of a cost-effective strategy for a particular bridge. The report will be helpful to designers and managers




who must identify and assess the merits of stormwater management practices. Individual chapters address: the state of the practice; assessment procedures; stormwater and other source control practices to consider for all bridges; stormwater treatment controls for bridges; and a best management practices evaluation tool.


NCHRP 779Field Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308038Abstract:This report compares material properties and field performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) and control hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement sections constructed at 14 locations across the United States between 2006 and 2010. The specific objectives of the project were to (1) compare the short-term performance of WMA and control HMA pavements, (2) examine relationships among





engineering properties of WMA binders and mixes and the field performance of pavements constructed with WMA technologies, (3) compare production and laydown practices between WMA and HMA pavements, and (4) provide relative emissions measurements of WMA technologies and conventional HMA technologies. Performance and material property data were obtained from 14 field projects. Each of the 14 projects included single- or multiple-WMA technology pavement sections and an HMA control section. A total of 12 WMA technologies were investigated. All projects used “drop in” WMA mix designs where the WMA technology was used with an existing HMA mix design with no significant changes to the binder content or other aspects of the mix design. Except for the reduced mixing and compaction temperatures for WMA, there were no substantial differences in the production and laydown practices of WMA and HMA. In-service performance of WMA and HMA in all projects was virtually identical, with little or no rutting, no evidence of moisture damage, and very little indication of transverse or longitudinal cracking. Energy use, plant and paver emissions, and worker exposure to fumes were extensively measured at three multiple-WMA technology projects. Compared to HMA, the reduced temperatures used in WMA production and laydown yielded lower energy consumption and emissions and reduced worker exposure to respirable fumes. Overall, then, no penalties and some potential benefits were observed in the short term when WMA replaced HMA. The key finding of laboratory testing of WMA binders and mixtures from the projects sampled at construction was the expected lower stiffness of the WMA materials that would have potential effects on pavement rutting and cracking. However, the equivalent performance of the WMA and HMA pavement sections over several years of service suggests that these differences in material properties, when present, were not great enough to affect the relative performances of HMA and WMA. This report fully documents the research in two parts bound in one report. Part 1 includes an appendix on Falling Weight Deflectometer Testing; Part 2 includes an appendix on Documenting Emissions and Energy Reductions of WMA and Conventional HMA During Plant and Paving Operations.


NCHRP 780

Design Guidance for Intersection Auxiliary Lanes

Accession Number:

01537696

Blurb URL:







Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309284325Abstract:A large proportion of crashes occur at intersections and auxiliary turn lanes are a key countermeasure for addressing such crashes. Auxiliary lanes can also be used to increase capacity and improve operations at an intersection. The design components of a traditional auxiliary turn lane consist of the length needed to store an appropriate number of waiting vehicles, a vehicle deceleration area, and the taper needed to develop the full lane width. Offset and indirect turn lanes and other types of auxiliary lanes (e.g., acceleration lanes) have similar components. The guidance and practice used throughout the United States for auxiliary lane





designs and application vary by intersection location (e.g., rural or urban), traffic control (e.g., stop-control or signal-control), and lane type (e.g., right- or left-turn). AASHTO’s A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (the Green Book) contains limited criteria for geometric design of auxiliary lanes at intersections. This report expands on that guidance, particularly regarding bypass lanes, channelized right-turn lanes, deceleration and taper length, design and capacity of multiple left-turn lanes, and alternative intersection designs. In National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 03-102, the Texas A&M Transportation Institute reviewed existing literature and ongoing research projects and identified issues meriting further study to validate, enhance, and expand current Green Book guidance. Field studies were conducted to assess the operation of double left-turn lanes and deceleration lanes. The research team then developed practical guidance for designers on auxiliary lanes, including recommendations for improving the Green Book. This report will be useful in updating agency design manuals and to those designing intersections.

NCHRP 781A Debris Management Handbook for State and Local DOTs and Departments of Public Works









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308113Abstract:Much of the debris from any incident—whether a traffic incident, collapse of aging infrastructure, or major disasters such as a hurricane or tornado—falls on or is pushed onto roads. These roads must be cleared rapidly because they are part of the planned network of emergency routes to bring in first responders, as well as to provide the necessary mobility to get the injured to appropriate medical care or to shelters. In the aftermath of an incident, it is essential to restore the transportation system and other public utilities as quickly as possible. This involves





clearing debris and repairing, replacing, or restoring critical transportation infrastructure. This report provides background and advice to enable a community or agency to better prepare for and respond to disaster-related debris issues. The subjects addressed within the handbook range from development of a plan to final debris disposal and operational closure. It is organized by phase of the debris management cycle, including policy, planning, contracts, segregation, monitoring, site selection, removal, disposal, and reimbursement, as well as hazard-specific considerations. The handbook features several case studies drawing on the experience of local, state, and federal debris managers, offering real-world insight into efficient debris management operations. This handbook will be of interest to community political leaders, state DOTs, local public works agencies, and facilities managers. In addition to the handbook, a methodology report and a PowerPoint presentation describing the entire project are available on the TRB website (www.trb.org).

NCHRP 782

Proposed Guideline for Reliability-Based Bridge Inspection Practices









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309307918Abstract:This report presents a proposed guideline for reliability-based bridge inspection practices and provides two case studies of the application of the proposed Guideline. The guideline describes a methodology to develop a risk-based approach for determining the bridge inspection interval according to the requirements in the “Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21)” legislation. The goal of the methodology is to improve the safety and reliability of bridges by





focusing inspection efforts where most needed and optimizing the use of resources. The report includes two parts: Part I—Proposed Guideline for Reliability-Based Bridge Inspection Practices and Part II—Final Research Report: Developing Reliability-Based Inspection Practices that documents the entire research effort. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers.

Report/Paper Numbers:Project 12-82 (01)

NCHRP 783

Evaluation of the 13 Controlling Criteria for Geometric Design


Blurb URL:







Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309307963Abstract:This report describes the impact of the controlling roadway design criteria on safety and operations for urban and rural roads. In 1985, the FHWA designated 13 specific design elements as controlling criteria for roadway design. The 13 controlling criteria are (1) design speed, (2) lane width, (3) shoulder width, (4) bridge width, (5) structural capacity, (6) horizontal alignment, (7) vertical alignment, (8) grade, (9) stopping sight distance, (10) cross slope, (11) superelevation, (12) vertical clearance, and (13) horizontal clearance. Federally assisted highway construction and reconstruction projects must meet the established design criteria for





these elements, or a formal design exception must be prepared and approved. Different procedures apply to rehabilitation projects, but these design elements are still key considerations in design. Since their designation, the 13 controlling criteria and their application have not been reconsidered as new knowledge has been gained about the relationships between geometric design elements and safety and operations. In this research project, the research team investigated what is known about the safety and operational effects of the 13 controlling and other important geometric design criteria. Several small studies were done to augment the information found in the literature. This information was used to assess the sensitivity of safety and operations to design decisions for these criteria for different types of roads. The research also addressed how to reduce confusion related to the definitions of the controlling criteria. The use of the controlling criteria in design exception processes was also explored, including through interviews with state department of transportation (DOT) personnel. This report will be useful to geometric designers and those responsible for reviewing designs, particularly in agencies that are transitioning away from “standards-based design.”

NCHRP 785

Performance-Based Analysis of Geometric Design of Highways and Streets









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308007Abstract:





For both new construction and reconstruction of highways and streets, stakeholders and decision makers increasingly want reasonable measures of the effect of geometric design decisions on the facility’s performance for all of its users. Although the expected performance of the facility is only one of the factors that must be considered in designing a highway or street, a better understanding of the expected performance should result in better decisions during the design process. This report presents ways to incorporate performance-based analysis into the project development process. This process framework begins with setting desired project multimodal outcomes and design controls. Geometric design decisions that can influence those outcomes are identified as well as analysis tools that can be used to estimate the impacts of those decisions. The report includes six project examples illustrating how this framework can be applied to actual projects. The report will be useful to geometric designers in making informed decisions about the tradeoffs inherent in design.


NCHRP 786

Assessing Productivity Impacts of Transportation Investments









Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309284257Abstract:





This report presents a methodology for analyzing productivity effects of transportation system improvements. The analysis is intended to inform decisionmakers—for example, regional transportation planning agencies, local-government agencies, and elected officials—making choices among alternative investments that may yield a variety of benefits. The methodology involves first screening investments to identify those for which a relatively simplified analysis may be helpful; those requiring more extensive analysis require application of advanced regional economic models. The guidance addresses data needs, availability, and sources to support the analysis; agency staff capabilities; and audiences for information on productivity improvements. This report will be useful to department of transportation staff and others responsible for project evaluation and presentation of evaluation results to decisionmakers.


NCHRP 787

Guide for Design Management on Design-Build and Construction Manager/General Contractor Projects








Order URL: http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/171479.aspx





Abstract:While the traditional design-bid-build (DBB) approach to project delivery remains prevalent among state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other owners of transportation facilities, some agencies have been selectively adopting alternative delivery methods that increase collaboration among the owner, designer, and constructor. Under the design-build (D-B) process, for example, the designer and constructor act as a unified team to deliver a completed project at a set price. Under a construction manager-at-risk (CMR) process, designer and constructor are engaged separately by the owner (as is the case under DBB), but the constructor is involved from the earliest stages of the design process; the designer and constructor are expected to work collaboratively to deliver a project that meets the owner’s requirements. Some agencies have adopted the term Construction Manager/ General Contractor (CM/GC) for a method that is generally similar to CMR but has more effectively facilitated the reallocation of risk among owner, constructor, and designer; and does not restrict the primary contractor’s performance of work tasks. (As used in this research, CM/GC was understood to include CMR.) Experience has shown that agency policies used to develop and administer traditional design contracts (that is, under DBB) are inadequate for these alternative delivery methods. The objective of this project was to develop a guide to effective design-management practices for owners using CM/GC or D-B. The research team reviewed recent experiences of DOTs and other public agencies regarding design management practices used on projects developed under CM/GC, D-B, and similar methods for project delivery. The team also investigated relevant experience from other construction industry segments. Considering such issues as liability and responsibility in CM/GC and D-B project development and measures of effectiveness for design management, the team developed a framework characterizing principal areas where owners’ design management practices under CM/GC and D-B project delivery processes are likely to influence project success and specific guidance for successful design management. The product is a guidebook for state DOTs and other transportation agencies on design management under CM/GC and D-B project delivery. The guidance is supplemented by case studies of projects successfully developed by several DOTs. This document is written to assist agency staff responsible for management oversight of facilities developed using CM/ GC and D-B and other such alternative procurement strategies.



NCHRP 788

Guide for Effective Tribal Crash Reporting






500 Fifth Street, NWWashington, DC 20001 United StatesOrder URL: http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/171540.aspx


Abstract:This guidebook presents guidance for state agencies and tribal leaders in effective crash reporting. The guidebook is developed based on best practices, success stories, lessons learned, published literature, and data from tribes and states that were involved in the data





collection and analysis phase of this project. Part 1 of the guidebook provides self-assessment tools for state agencies and tribes. The self-assessment tools are designed to provide a quick assessment of the effectiveness of existing crash data collection and management, and the current level of communication and collaboration between tribes and state agencies. Part 2 of the guidebook provides information to both states and tribes to help identify solutions to issues associated with (1) establishing and maintaining communication and relationship between tribes and states; (2) building tribal crash data collection system; (3) implementing state-tribal crash data sharing; and (4) improving tribal traffic safety with crash data. Part 3 contains reference and source materials. The guide is accompanied by a CD (CRP-CD-155) containing a supplemental report documenting the research approach and findings, as well as color PDF copies of case study flyers meant to be used as handouts and reference material at meeting, conferences, and events. The CD also contains a double-sided three-fold flyer designed to promote the use of this guidebook via graphical presentation of function and summary of the guide. This guidebook and accompanying CD will provide valuable knowledge to both tribal law enforcement and state transportation agencies to better understand the extent and causes of crashes on tribal lands in order to develop more effective safety programs and countermeasures.

NCHRP 789

Characterization of Cementitiously Stabilized Layers for Use in Pavement Design and Analysis











Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308137Abstract:This report presents information on the characterization of cementitiously stabilized layers and the properties that influence pavement performance. It also contains recommended performance-related procedures for characterizing these layers and performance-prediction models for incorporation into the mechanistic–empirical pavement analysis methods. Individual chapters highlight pavement distresses of hot-mix asphalt pavements and concrete pavements, laboratory tests and model development, and model calibration. The material contained in the report will be of immediate interest to state materials, pavement, and construction engineers and others involved in the different aspects of pavement design and construction.


NCHRP 790

Factors Contributing to Median Encroachments and Cross-Median Crashes













Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309284264Abstract:Previous studies of contributory factors associated with cross-median crashes have typically focused on median width and average daily traffic (ADT). A few studies have looked at the influence of geometry and cross-sectional elements. These studies did not explore many other design and operational factors that may contribute to cross-median crash frequency or severity (e.g., interchange ramps, interchange spacing, mixture of vehicle types, peak-period volumes, peak-period duration, land use, access control, driver workload, posted speed, or presence of speed transition zones). All median-related incidents begin with a median encroachment. Reducing median encroachments will reduce both cross-median crashes and fixed-object crashes in the median. Consequently, analyzing median encroachments should provide additional insight into the causes of cross-median crashes. There is also a knowledge gap regarding countermeasures appropriate for the various factors contributing to median encroachments and cross-median crashes. Although installing a barrier will greatly reduce cross-median crashes, it will also increase fixed-object crashes and the crash risk of maintenance personnel. Other countermeasures besides barriers exist, and knowing which ones effectively address the contributory factors on a highway will allow an engineer to develop a more effective design. This report identifies design and operational factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of median encroachments and cross-median crashes. It also identifies countermeasures for addressing those contributory factors. For this project, the research team reviewed the literature on median encroachments and cross-median crashes. Based on a survey of states, Canadian provinces, and turnpike/toll road authorities, the team compiled a list of design and operational factors likely to contribute to median encroachments and cross-median crashes. The research team then collected data to determine the relative contribution of each of the factors to median encroachments and cross-median crashes. Appendix D of the report provides recommended guidelines for reducing the frequency and severity of median-related crashes. This material is designed to be easily incorporated into a transportation agency’s design manual.




NCHRP 791

Supplemental Guidance on the Application of FHWA’s Traffic Noise Model (TNM)











Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309307970Abstract:Beginning in the 1970s, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) developed and improved a series of computerized noise prediction models to aid states in complying with FHWA’s noise policies and regulations. FHWA’s Transportation Noise Model is a computer program used for predicting noise levels and therefore impacts in the vicinity of highways, and it uses advances in personal computer hardware and software to improve upon the accuracy and ease of modeling highway noise, including the design of effective, cost-efficient highway noise barriers. FHWA has provided substantial guidance for the routine application of TNM but scenarios exist for which there is no technical guidance. Out of necessity and without technical guidance, TNM users have independently developed techniques to assemble and input data into the TNM to analyze these scenarios. Typically these techniques have not been validated with field measurements, and the accuracy of their results is unknown. In this project, best practices and supplemental existing guidance were identified on applying TNM to accurately, consistently, and efficiently model structure-reflected noise; bridge expansion joints; signalized interchanges; intersections; area sources (e.g., weigh stations, park and ride lots, toll facilities, and service plazas); median barriers; and roundabouts. This research determined the sensitivity and accuracy of methods to model multilane highways, rows of buildings, topography, ground zones, and tree zones, and identified best practices for input parameters. The research also synthesized the state of practice for analyzing the effects of wind direction and temperature inversion on sound propagation. The report is organized by scenario, and experienced transportation analysts, modelers, and designers should find this guidance immediately useful in using TNM to model noise impacts under these scenarios.

NCHRP 792

Long-Term Performance and Life-Cycle Costs of Stormwater Best Management Practices












Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308021Abstract:A wide range of treatment controls (commonly known as “best management practices” or BMPs) have been developed to manage stormwater. Treatment BMPs use various processes to mitigate the impacts of pollutants and altered hydrology; for example, by attenuating the flow or reducing the volume of stormwater or by reducing pollutants with physical, biological, or chemical processes. This report provides information on long-term performance and life-cycle costs for highway-related stormwater BMPs. Information was gathered via literature review, survey of departments of transportation (DOTs), and interviews with practitioners. Information for treatment BMPs was derived from DOT studies and the International BMP Database. The International BMP Database contains performance records for treatment BMP evaluations throughout the United States. The research included conducting a large number of computer simulations using the U.S. EPA’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to quantify runoff volume reduction through the BMP. The report is accompanied by a CD-ROM (CRP-CD-153) containing a BMP evaluation tool in a spreadsheet format as a computational aid that provides average annual performance and whole life costs for treatment BMPs. A guide (Planning Tool Handbook) is provided as Appendix F to quickly orient the user to the basic functions of the tool provided on the CD-ROM. The report will be of interest to state DOT highway design and environmental practitioners.


NCHRP 793

Incorporating Transportation Security Awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training





Availability:





Transportation Research Board Business Office500 Fifth Street, NW



Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308069Abstract:This report highlights the importance of security awareness for all state department of transportation employees and contractors. The report outlines a flexible “campaign” approach providing techniques to integrate all-hazards security awareness concepts and reminders into routine state DOT operations, maintenance, and training. Information obtained through a literature review, survey, and interviews was used to develop the guide. Section 1 provides a brief introduction to transportation security and the current role of the state DOTs in security. Security awareness is defined and differentiated from security training. The section also presents the importance of security awareness for all transportation executives, employees, and contractors. Section 2 addresses issues of organizational readiness and includes five key “Questions to Ask” to ensure that an agency is ready to have and support an effective security awareness program. Section 3 identifies the core components of a security awareness campaign, utilizing examples from current practices. The section includes general messages for all employees and suggested messages and delivery methods for operations and maintenance staff. Section 4 provides methods for promoting security awareness within a state DOT that can be relatively inexpensive to implement. Additional material is provided in the Appendices: an overview of current training available with links to training resources and training courses, a contact list for training organizations, and a directory of resources relevant to transportation security. In addition to the guide, a methodology report and a PowerPoint presentation describing the entire project are available on the TRB website (www.trb.org). This report should be helpful for state DOTs to improve the security of transportation systems within existing resource and budgetary constraints. Information contained in the report may also be valuable for transportation training organizations.

Report/Paper Numbers:Project 20-59(43)



NCHRP 794

Median Cross-Section Design for Rural Divided Highways




Record URL:


http://onlinepubs.trb.org...bs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_794.pdf





Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308199Abstract:This report presents guidelines for designing typical cross-sections for medians on new and existing rural freeways and divided highways. The report examines the interrelationships between median width, median slope, and the use of median barrier on crash risk and severity. The AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets contains general median width and median side-slope design guidance that has remained unchanged for many years. However, changes have occurred in the vehicle fleet, travel speeds, and traffic volumes that warrant further examination of this guidance. Concern with rollover crashes has caused many state departments of transportation (DOTs) to flatten their depressed medians. More recently, highly visible cross-median crashes have caused many state DOTs to increase their use of median barrier beyond the recommendations in the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide. There is speculation that flatter medians have contributed to the cross-median problem, but the data do not present a clear picture. Installation of median barrier reduces the number of cross-median crashes but increases the number of fixed-object crashes. Understanding how different median cross-section designs influence different types of crashes is vital in making safe and cost-effective decisions for state design standards and for project design. In National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 22-21, the research team updated the survey of state practice developed in NCHRP Project 17-14, including the types of barrier being installed and the policies for their installation. The research team also compiled information on typical median cross-sections for new construction and reconstruction projects. Based on the literature, the researchers identified design, traffic, and human factors that influence median and roadside safety. The research team then collected field data to assess the safety and cost-effectiveness of various median cross-section designs. Simulations of median encroachments were also made to evaluate the contributions of the various factors to cross-median crashes. This report should be useful to designers and safety analysts, particularly those responsible for agency standards.





NCHRP 795

Design Methods for In-Stream Flow Control Structures











Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308212Abstract:This report presents design guidelines for in-stream flow control structures that are often used to limit lateral migration and reduce bank erosion. The guidelines include a description of conditions under which in-stream flow control structures are either successful or not effective in providing protection against erosion and scour and in performing applicable habitat restoration functions. Unlike rip-rap, which strengthens the bank to withstand the applied hydrodynamic forces, in-stream flow control structures alter the stream-flow patterns to shift the high-velocity thread away from the bank. This report will be valuable to hydraulic engineers by facilitating the use of an alternative method to reduce stream-bank erosion and scour.


NCHRP 796

Development and Calibration of AASHTO LRFD Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals




Record URL:




http://onlinepubs.trb.org...bs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_796.pdf





Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308182Abstract:This report presents proposed AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specifications for structural supports for highway signs, luminaires, and traffic signals. The proposed specifications are arranged in three divisions: (1) design according to LRFD methodology; (2) construction, including material specifications, fabrication, and installation; and (3) asset management, including inventory, inspection, and maintenance. In addition, the report provides details regarding the reliability calibration process and results. Sixteen comprehensive design examples were developed to illustrate the application of the new specifications. The report includes the Research Report, which documents the entire research effort, and the Calibration Report (i.e., Appendix A). Appendix B: AASHTO LRFD Specifications will be published by AASHTO. Other appendices are not published but are available on the TRB website. These appendices are titled as follows: Appendix C: Design Examples; Appendix D: Survey Results; and Appendix E: Fatigue Resistance Comparisons.


NCHRP 799

Management Guide to Intellectual Property for State Departments of TransportationManagement Guide to Intellectual Property for State Departments of Transportation







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Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308403Abstract:This report provides information to assist state transportation agency staff to recognize the potential value of the agency’s intellectual assets and the agency’s responsibilities in respecting the intellectual property (IP) rights of others. The report presents guidance on how agencies can manage the copyrights, patents, and other IP that may be used or produced as a byproduct of the agency’s usual business activities. This guidance is intended to provide agency program staff with an introductory explanation of the nature of intellectual property, the legal framework for defining and protecting intellectual property, and basic principles for its management. The report includes examples and references for cases, tools, and other materials to enhance readers’ understanding of the activities likely to be associated with effectively managing an agency’s intellectual property.


Language:English

NCHRP 801

Proposed Practice for Alternative Bidding of Highway Drainage Systems











Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308595Abstract:This research investigated the use of a performance-based process for selection of drainage pipe systems. Such a selection process is based on satisfying performance criteria for the drainage system while considering the full range of suitable pipe materials. This approach has the potential to foster competition among various pipe types judged to be of satisfactory quality and equally acceptable on the basis of engineering and cost analyses. Giving contractors the ability to choose from among alternative drainage pipe systems during the bidding process on the basis of performance and cost can help agencies promote competition that will lower agency costs while achieving satisfactory performance. The objective of NCHRP Project 10-86 was to develop a proposed practice suitable for adoption by AASHTO to guide owner-agencies and industry in implementing a performance-based process for contractor selection and delivery of drainage pipe systems on highway construction projects. The key product of the research is the proposed practice presented in Appendix A of the report. The practice applies rational, performance-based criteria to the selection, installation and post-construction acceptance of highway drainage pipe systems. It specifically addresses the selection of pipe solutions by evaluating the hydraulic capacity, structural capacity, and durability of pipe systems in distinct stages. Since durability is predicted in terms of estimated service life, the practice emphasizes proper characterization of the site conditions and comprehensive post-installation inspection to confirm construction quality. The practice was tested and refined through comparisons in nine states to standard agency procedures for pipe specification and was shown to satisfactorily consider the wide variety of factors required to successfully bid alternative pipe systems. This report fully documents the research and includes the following two appendixes: Appendix A: AASHTO Recommended Practice for Alternative Bidding of Highway Drainage System and Appendix C: Summary of Durability Evaluation Methods and Software Applications.


Language:English



NCHRP 804

Guidebook for Designing and Managing Rights-of-Way for Carbon Sequestration and Biomass Generation



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Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308564Abstract:This report provides a Guidebook and Toolkit that describes the state of the practice of using highway rights-of-way (ROWs) vegetation for carbon sequestration and biomass generation for use as feedstock for biopower and biofuel production. This Guidebook merges the knowledge of market conditions and regulations for environmental commodities that are energy- and/or greenhouse-gas based, regulations governing the highway ROWs for commercial or revenue purposes, the best practices of highway vegetation management and agronomic practices for raising feedstock crops for carbon sequestration, biopower, and biofuels. The Feasibility Toolkit, available on CD-ROM (CRP-CD-165), may assist users with modeling a proposed project’s financial viability that the user can modify to develop a customized analysis.


Language:English

NCHRP 805

Improved Test Methods for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse and Fine Aggregate



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Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308533Abstract:Design and production of paving asphalt and portland cement concrete (PCC) mixtures rely on accurate, precise measurement of aggregate specific gravity and absorption. Aggregate specific gravities are needed to calculate the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) and effective binder content of asphalt mixtures, which are key volumetric properties used in mix design and acceptance testing. For PCC, aggregate absorption is used to adjust water/ cement or water/cementitious material ratios which affect the workability of PCC and are a good indicator of PCC’s resistance to freezing and thawing and PCC’s durability. The current AASHTO standard test methods for aggregate specific gravity and absorption, namely, T 84, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate, and T 85, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate, share several shortcomings in terms of subjectivity of the measurements, time requirements for conditioning and testing, and precision. The objective of NCHRP Project 4-35 was to develop test methods for determining the specific gravity and absorption of coarse and fine aggregates with improved accuracy, precision, ease of use, and time required for conditioning and testing, compared to the current AASHTO T 84 and T 85 methods. The key outcome of the research is the finding that AASHTO T 85 with several proposed changes, AASHTO T 84 (modified to remove and separately test P200 material), and ASTM D7172 (Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregates Using Infrared) provide a good balance of accuracy and precision compared to the other methods evaluated, including the current AASHTO T 85 and T 84. This finding was developed through a critical literature review on the basis of which an initial set of ten test methods was selected for evaluation in a series of five laboratory experiments and a ruggedness study. This report fully documents the research and includes the following two appendixes: Revised AASHTO T 85 and Revised AASHTO T 84 In addition, seven appendixes are available to download from the NCHRP Project 4-35 web page at http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1614. These appendixes summarize the literature review, testing results of the experiments, and results of a ruggedness study.





Project 04-35

Language:English

NCHRP 807

Properties of Foamed Asphalt for Warm Mix Asphalt Applications



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Order URL: http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780309308663Abstract:This report presents proposed AASHTO standard test methods for measuring performance-related properties of foamed asphalts and designing foamed asphalt mixes with satisfactory aggregate coating and workability. The objectives of this project were to determine key properties of foamed asphalt binders that significantly influence the performance of asphalt mixtures and develop laboratory protocols for foaming of asphalt binders and laboratory mixing procedures. The production and performance-related properties of foamed asphalt were investigated through a series of laboratory and field experiments. A key finding of the research is that the foaming characteristics of an asphalt binder are primarily affected by its source (i.e., its crude oil slate), the production date for a given refinery and crude oil slate, and polymer modification. A laser-based method was developed to measure parameters associated with the expansion and collapse of foamed asphalt. A digital photographic approach was developed to characterize the size, distribution, and surface area of bubbles formed during production of foamed asphalt. Methods were also identified for determining a coatability index for foamed asphalt and the workability of mixes produced with foamed asphalt. A foamed asphalt mixture design procedure was developed to identify the optimum water content for coating and workability. Finally, the utility and effectiveness of these various methods were verified through their application to foamed asphalt binder and mix produced in full-scale asphalt mix plants. This report fully documents the research. Four appendixes are included: Influence of Binder Properties on Binder Foam Expansion; Draft Commentary on Guidelines Proposed for Revising Appendix to AASHTO R 35; AASHTO Style Standards; and Field Foaming Data Acquisition Form.


Language:English




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