TRANSYLVANIA – ROMANIA

MAMMAL SURVEY

MUNłII PĂDUREA CRAIULUI

(TRANSYLVANIA – ROMANIA)

RAPPORT 2009.34 Arnhem, oktober 2009 Uitgave van de Veldwerkgroep van de Zoogdiervereniging

MAMMAL SURVEY MUNłII PĂDUREA CRAIULUI (TRANSYLVANIA – ROMANIA)

Editors Jeroen Willemsen Eric Thomassen Translations Eric Thomassen Karin de Bie Authors Gerben Achterkamp Jan Piet Bekker Kees Mostert Eric Thomassen Jeroen Willemsen Maps & GIS Jeroen Willemsen Illustrations Gerben Achterkamp Jan Buys Rob Koelman Kees Mostert Eric Thomassen Jeroen Willemsen Front cover Vespertilio murinus by Kees Mostert

Uitgave van de Veldwerkgroep van de Zoogdiervereniging

Rapport 2009.34

Arnhem, oktober 2009

ISBN 978-90-70024-13-4

All publications of the Veldwerkgroep can be downloaded free of charge from our website:

http://www.zoogdiervereniging.nl/node/137

The English page of the website contains all publications in English:

http://www.zoogdiervereniging.nl/node/411

Mammal survey MunŃii Pădurea Craiului (Transylvania – Romania) 5

SUMMARY by: Jeroen Willemsen, Kees Mostert and Eric Thomassen From July 29th till August 7th 2008, the Field Study Group of the Dutch Mammal Society (Zoogdier-vereniging) paid a visit to the “MunŃii Pădurea Craiului”, the lower part of the Apuseni mountains in the district of Bihor, Romania. A summer camp is a traditional part of the Field Study Group’s yearly program, aimed at surveying mammal species which are rare or absent in the Netherlands, and to extend and exchange knowledge of survey methods geared to diverse species. Secondly, the Field Study Group summer camps abroad aim to enlarge the knowledge of presence and abundance of mammals, and to a lesser extent other fauna groups, in a given area. Foreign summer camps invariably take place in co-operation with local organizations in order to fulfil not only the aims of the Field Study Group, but also those of the counterparts working and living in the area. In this way the information gathered is more likely to find its way in the protection and management of the area in general, and of mammals in particular. The 2008 summer camp was organised in co-operation with Abigal Szodoray-Paradi of the Romanian Bat Protection Association and Zsolt Hegyli of Green Transylvania. A house on the top of a hill outside the village of Roşia was fitted up as a base camp. From there, the aim was to collect data on the presence of mammals in an area that possibly will be protected as a part of the European Natura2000 network. The Pădurea Craiului mountain region covers vast areas of open, agricultural land as well as deciduous forests. The highest peak of the Pădurea Craiului mountains has a height of 1024m. The Pădurea Craiului mountains are rich in caves and deserted mines. In late summer and early fall a lot of bats visit these locations. The use of mist nets in order to catch bats flying in or out the caves and mines, proved to be a valuable method for the survey of bats. A total of 18 bat species was recorded that way, including Myotis bechsteinii, Miniopterus schreibersii, Barbastella barbastellus, Vespertilio murinus and Nyctalus leisleri. Also, the presence of Myotis dasycneme could be established: the most southeastward finding in Europe up to now. Ectoparasites were collected from all of the caught bats systematically and preserved in small Eppendorf cups with 75% alcohol. In addition to the use of mist nets, a lot of churches and old buildings were visited. By talking to local inhabitants and visiting buildings that looked suitable for bats, 4 bat species were found. The most spectacular finding was Vespertilio murinus in the church of Uileacu de Beiuş. Visiting caves and mines during daytime produced additional records of bat species. Bat detectors were used only now and then because of the difficulty of recognizing Myotis-species on a bat detector and the less suitable landscape of the Pădurea Craiului mountains for the use of detectors. During the summer camp small mammals were surveyed at several locations by setting out lines of live traps and plastic cups. Due to the agricultural character of the landscape, the traps were placed mostly on the edges of arable fields and alongside small rivers. 12 different mice species (285 catches) were recorded that way. Most of the time, Apodemus flavicollis was caught in the traps. Rather exciting were the catches of Apodemus agraricus, Neomys anomalus and Crocidura leucodon. The last species had not been recorded during a summer camp abroad in more than 20 years! In the deciduous forest Muscardinus avellanarius and Glis glis were caught in special traps placed high in the trees. In addition to the direct survey of bats and mice, a lot of sightings were recorded. Otters (Lutra lutra) appeared to be widespread in the Pădurea Craiului mountains. The use of camera traps produced photos and films of Vulpes vulpes, Apodemus sylvaticus and some local people. Checking abandoned buildings not only yielded several individuals of bat species, but also revealed barn owls and pellets. In these pellets the remains of rodents, bats, birds and some other animals were found. This produced 5 mammal species that were not recorded otherwise. Several droppings of carnivore mammals, footprints and road victims were found and (most of the times) collected. A total of 49 mammal species was recorded during the summer camp in Roşia. Table 1 shows the list of species and the observation types. The Dutch, Romanian and Hungarian names of the recorded species are presented in appendix 1. Furthermore, the summer camp revealed about 90 bird species. Very spectacular was Otus scops, that was sitting nesting in a tree next to our base camp and could be seen during daylight (looking like a piece of tree-bark). Also 16 species of reptiles and amphibians, about 60 butterfly species, 22 dragonfly species and 20 grasshoppers and crickets were recorded.

6 Dutch Mammal Society

SCIENTIFIC NAMESCIENTIFIC NAMESCIENTIFIC NAMESCIENTIFIC NAME

ENGLISHENGLISHENGLISHENGLISH NAME NAME NAME NAME

Trap

Trap

Trap

Trap

Mist net

Mist net

Mist net

Mist net

Cam

era

Cam

era

Cam

era

Cam

era

Dead

Dead

Dead

Dead /Skull

/Skull

/Skull

/Skull

Detector

Detector

Detector

Detector

Dropp

ings

Dropp

ings

Dropp

ings

Dropp

ings

Tracks

Tracks

Tracks

Tracks

Sighting

Sighting

Sighting

Sighting

Pellets

Pellets

Pellets

Pellets

Erinaceus concolor Eastern hedgehog ♦ ♦

Sorex araneus Common shrew ♦ ♦ ♦ Sorex minutus Pygmy shrew ♦ ♦ Neomys anomalus Miller’s water shrew ♦ ♦ ♦ Crocidura leucodon Bi-coloured white-toothed shrew ♦ ♦ Crocidura suaveolens Lesser white-toothed shrew ♦

Talpa europaea Common mole ♦ ♦

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Greater horseshoe bat ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Rhinolophus hipposideros Lesser horseshoe bat ♦ ♦ ♦

Myotis bechsteinii Bechstein's bat ♦ ♦

Myotis blythii Lesser mouse-eared bat ♦ ♦

Myotis dasycneme Pond bat ♦

Myotis daubentonii Daubenton’s bat ♦ ♦

Myotis emarginatus Geoffroy’s bat ♦

Myotis myotis Greater mouse-eared bat ♦ ♦ ♦

Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common pipistrelle ♦ ♦

Pipistrellus pygmaeus Pygmy pipistrelle ♦

Nyctalus leisleri Leisler’s bat ♦

Nyctalus noctula Noctule ♦ ♦ ♦

Eptesicus serotinus Serotine ♦ ♦ ♦

Vespertilio murinus Parti-coloured bat ♦ ♦

Barbastella barbastellus Barbastelle ♦

Plecotus auritus Brown long-eared bat ♦

Plecotus austriacus Grey long-eared bat ♦

Miniopterus schreibersii Schreibers’ bat ♦ ♦

Lepus europaeus Brown hare ♦ ♦ ♦

Sciurus vulgaris Red squirrel ♦ ♦

Myodes glareolus Bank vole ♦ ♦

Arvicola terrestris Water vole ♦

Arvicola scherman Montane water vole ♦ Microtus arvalis/rossiaemeridionalis Common/sibling vole ♦ ♦ Microtus agrestis Field vole ♦ Microtus subterraneus Common pine vole ♦ ♦ Micromys minutus Harvest mouse ♦ Apodemus agrarius Striped field mouse ♦ ♦ Apodemus flavicollis Yellow-necked mouse ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Apodemus sylvaticus Wood mouse ♦

Rattus norvegicus Brown rat ♦

Mus musculus Eastern house mouse ♦ ♦ Glis glis Edible dormouse ♦ ♦ ♦ Muscardinus avellanarius Common dormouse ♦ ♦ Vulpes vulpes Red fox ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Mustela nivalis Weasel ♦

Mustela putorius Western polecat ♦

Martes foina Beech or Stone marten ♦

Meles meles Badger ♦

Lutra lutra Otter ♦ ♦

Sus scrofa Wild boar ♦ ♦

Capreolus capreolus Roe deer ♦ ♦ Table 1. Observed mammal species in the Pădurea Craiului mountains in Bihor, Romania. Dutch, Romanian and Hungarian names of the species are presented in appendix 1.


INDEX Summary 5 1 Introduction 8 2 Description of the area of study 9 2.1 Geography 9 2.2 Landscape 10 2.3 Climate 11 2.4 People 11 3 Bats 12 3.1 Introduction 12 3.2 Bat-detector observations 13 3.3 Mist net captures 13 3.4 Bats in caves 16 3.5 Bats on church attics 19 4 Mice 22 5.1 The use of traps 22 4.2 Results 24 5 Owl pellets 26 5.1 Collecting and analysing owl pellets 26 5.2 Results 27 5.3 Discussion 30 6 Other mammal observations 31 6.1 Camera traps 31 6.2 Other mammal observations 33 7 Other taxonomic groups 35 7.1 Birds 35 7.2 Reptiles and amphibians 35 7.3 Butterflies 35 7.4 Dragonflies 36 7.5 Grasshoppers 36 7.6 Other noticeable observations 36 8 References 37 APPENDICES Appendix 1. List of Scientific, Dutch, Romanian and Hungarian names Appendix 2. Participants Appendix 3. Letter indicating our activities Appendix 4. Mist net catches Appendix 5. Bat parasites Appendix 6. Discrimination between some small mammal skulls Appendix 7. International legal & conservation status Appendix 8. Recordings of other taxonomic groups


1 INTRODUCTION by: Jeroen Willemsen This report presents the results of the summer camp that was organised by the Field Study Group of the Dutch Mammal Society (Zoogdiervereniging) from July 29th till August 7th 2008. The aim of this summer camp was to obtain information on the presence of mammals in the “MunŃii Pădurea Craiului”, the lower part of the Apuseni mountains in the district of Bihor, Romania. In the future, this area possibly will be protected as a part of the European Natura2000 network. Apart from mammals many sightings of birds, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, dragonflies, grasshoppers and crickets in the area were recorded. The northeastern part of Romania (a part of Transylvania) has a variegated landscape: large areas of lowlands with several rivers, hills with a height up to 1024 meter, small streams, deciduous forests and lakes are found in a relatively small area. Most of the area is used for agriculture: pastures and fields can be found even up to the highest levels of the hills. In the lowlands, shepherds guide their sheep through poeszta-like plains. The steep parts of the limestone hills are covered with forests. The combination of these landscapes results in a high biodiversity, especially for mammals. The 2008 summer camp was organised in co-operation with Abigal Szodoray-Paradi of the Romanian Bat Protection Association and Zsolt Hegyli of Green Transylvania. With their help a house on the top of a hill outside the village of Roşia was found, and with the friendly help of its owner Viorel Lascu, it could easily be fitted up as a base camp. The 26 Romanian, Dutch and Belgian participants of the summer camp could cover the area of study from the base camp by car or by foot. Mist nets were used to catch bats, mostly near the entrance of caves and deserted mines. In addition, the lofts of churches and old buildings were visited to look for bats and to collect owl-pellets. On a small scale also bat detectors were used to look for bats. Live traps were used to catch other small mammals. Sightings and the use of inconspicuous cameras also contributed to the list of species that could be identified. All recordings were noted on special forms and processed in a computer. A database that contains all the collected data has been set up and will be sent to our Romanian counterparts of the Romanian Bat Protection Association and Green Transylvania. By using Global Positioning equipment the exact location of the findings was recorded. After describing the area of study in chapter 2 of this report, an overview will be given of the bats that were recorded during our stay in the Pădurea Craiului mountains (chapter 3). In chapter 4 the small mammals that were caught by setting out lines of live traps and plastic cups are discussed. Recordings of other mammal species are presented in chapter 5. In chapter 6 we will concentrate on the recordings of other taxonomic groups such as birds, amphibians and dragonflies. Romanian people in general proved to be very friendly and helpful during the summer camp: whenever someone was in need of assistance, people came to help quickly, regardless of the nature of the problem. People helping us gaining access to buildings, hoisting up our car from a ditch and playing the trumpetviolin at our camp fire made our stay in Romania very pleasant. However 4 persons should be thanked especially for their help. Abigal Szodoray-Paradi helped us a lot in the preparations for the camp. The same goes for Zsolt Hegyli, who was present during the summer camp and showed us much of his knowledge on field biology. Zsani Fridrich was the secret key to open all the doors of churches and old buildings. She even managed to make the grumpy doctor of the Roşia pharmacy smile (although one can not be certain of that!). Finally we would like to thank Viorel Lascu, the owner of the camp house who welcomed us with great hospitality and who gave us permission to enter several bat caves. A picture of the summer camp members is displayed in appendix 2. Appendix 3 contains a letter explaining our activities in Romanian. This letter helped us getting into old buildings that possibly contained bats.

Photo: Jeroen Willem

sen

Viorel Lascu provided us with a nice camp house.


2 DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA OF STUDY by: Jeroen Willemsen “Wander over green hills covered with wild flowers, in a landscape pointed out with hayricks and forestry spots, explore the underground world created by water and limestone, discover traditional life and archaical customs in the countryside, learn about bats and their important role for nature, taste and enjoy local cuisine with Romanian and Hungarian influences”. This is how the Roşia Valley is presented in a leaflet for tourists. But perhaps there is something more interesting to say about this “place worth treasuring”… 2.1 GEOGRAPHY Transylvania is the northwestern part of Romania and consists of both lowlands and high mountains: the Western Carpathians. The Western Carpathians are formed by a number of mountain areas, like MunŃii Apuseni (Apuseni mountains). The Apuseni mountains are a national park, of which the highest mountain has a height of 1849 meters. In the lower parts of the Apuseni mountains the MunŃii Pădurea Craiului can be found, at just half an hour northwards from the town of Beiuş. This is the area where the mammal summer camp was organised. A house on the top of a hill outside the village of Roşia was fitted up as a base camp. MunMunMunMunŃii Pii Pii Pii Pădurea Craiuluidurea Craiuluidurea Craiuluidurea Craiului

Black

Sea

Roşia and MunŃii Pădurea Craiului are in the northwest of Romania. .


2.2 LANDSCAPE MunŃii Pădurea Craiului mainly consists of limestone. In the limestone a lot of natural formed caves are present (more than 400 caves are known at this moment), as well as several man-made mines. The mountains are divided by deep valleys. One of these valleys is formed by the erosive powers of the river Roşia. The road from the town of Beiuş (the largest community in the area) to the town of Bratca leads through the Roşia valley. Following that road, one passes several deciduous forests and pastures alongside the river. Soon the landscape gets more rough. The villages of Remetea and Căbeşti are situated in surroundings with lots of hills. Farmers work on the fields. Just beyond the town of Roşia the landscape suddenly gets more hostile. The asphalt-covered road becomes unpaved. The valley gets narrow and on both sides of the track the mountain slopes are steep and high. Almost no sunlight reaches the ground in this valley. After a few kilometres a small road to the right that mainly consists of rocks goes up into the hills. After a few hundred meters the road leaves the forest and a agricultural landscape becomes visible. On top of the hill there is a white house to be found: the campsite building is situated at a height of about 600 meters. Around the campsite numerous valleys, small streams, caves and a vast area of deciduous forest can be found.

Map 1. The surroundings of Roşia.


2.3 CLIMATE During the winter low temperatures can be reached in the Apuseni mountains. Temperatures of below -30°C are not uncommon. Due to the land climate the temperatures rise quickly in springtime. During summer, temperatures of more than 30°C can easily be reached in the lowlands: during our stay in Romania we measured a temperature of 35°C at half past eight in the evening (in the surroundings of Holod). The temperatures in the mountains are usually a bit less high. Yearly the average precipitation in Transylvania is about 500 mm; a lot less than in the Netherlands! The period of July until October is mostly very dry. 2.4 PEOPLE The MunŃii Pădurea Craiului are situated in the district of Bihor. This district covers an area of about 7.500 square kilometres and has just over 600.000 inhabitants. The largest town in the area around MunŃii Pădurea Craiului is Beiuş: almost 13.000 people live there. The other villages in the area are a lot smaller, especially the ones in the Roşia valley. The land use in the area is mainly agricultural and dominates the character of the towns. Almost in every town at least one church can be found. The Orthodox religion is the most practiced in the region, but also Calvinist and Roman Catholic churches can be found. Several other religions exist, but mostly inconspicuous buildings are used as churches or meeting places. Most of the houses are concentrated in these towns, but in the hills outside the towns several farms can be found as well. The farms are mainly small and the work of the farmers is hand work. The houses are maintained relatively well and deserted houses or buildings are not very abundant in the area.

Small streams find their way through valleys and deciduous forests.

Photo: Kees Mostert


sen

Rush hour in the streets of Uileacu de Beiuş.


3 BATS by: Gerben Achterkamp

3.1 INTRODUCTION During the summer camp, some insight was gained into the local bat fauna. Most of the work on bats (capturing, bat-detector observations and visits to caves) was done in the surroundings of the camp location in Roşia, though visits to church attics and some of the mist net locations were further a field. In this chapter the methods used will be discussed and a summary of the results of each method will be presented. A total of 204 observations of 18 bat species was recorded during the summer camp; 161 of these observations were made by catching bats with mist nets. An overview of the results is given in table 2.

SPECIESSPECIESSPECIESSPECIES

Detector

Detector

Detector

Detector

Sighting

Sighting

Sighting

Sighting

Sighting,

Sighting,

Sighting,

Sighting,

detector

detector

detector

detector

Catching

Catching

Catching

Catching

Dead

Dead

Dead

Dead

Dropp

ings

Dropp

ings

Dropp

ings

Dropp

ings

TOTA

LTO

TAL

TOTA

LTO

TAL

Chiroptera spec. - - - - 1 1 2

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum - 5 5 4 - 1 15

Rhinolophus hipposideros 1 4 1 3 - - 9

Rhinolophus spec - - - - - 1 1

Myotis bechsteinii - - - 8 1 - 9

Myotis blythii - 1 - 8 - - 9

Myotis dasycneme - - - 2 - - 2

Myotis daubentoni - 1 - 27 - - 28

Myotis emarginatus - - - 3 - - 3

Myotis myotis - 3 - 42 - 2 47

Pipistrellus pipistrellus 1 - 4 5 - - 10

Pipistrellus pygmaeus - - 1 - - - 1

Nyctalus leisleri - - - 1 - - 1

Nyctalus noctula 1 - 4 3 - - 8

Eptesicus serotinus - - 2 17 - - 19

Vespertilio murinus - 1 - 1 - - 2

Barbastella barbastellus - - - 8 - - 8

Plecotus auritus - - - 2 - - 2

Plecotus austriacus - - - 2 - - 2

Miniopterus schreibersii - 1 - 25 - - 26

TOTALTOTALTOTALTOTAL 3333 16161616 11117777 161161161161 2222 5555 202020204444

Table 2. Number of bats recorded, listed by method used.


3.2 BAT-DETECTOR OBSERVATIONS Relatively little time was put into research with bat-detectors during the summer camp: bat-detectors were only used during evening walks, while waiting at a mist net or during visits to caves. In the first two nights, there were bat-detector excursions from the camp site towards Roşia. Very few animals were heard. All bats observed during these excursions were Pipistrellus species. Some summer camp participants made recordings of bat sounds (Jan Buys, Rob Koelman, Bart Noort and Gerben Achterkamp). The detector used for this purpose was a Petterson D240x, connected to a Roland Edirol R_09 or a Archos 404 hard-disc recorder. A recording made by Jan Buys at a mist net location at the entrance of the Izbuc cave (location 1589 on the map with mist net locations) turned out to be quite a surprise when it was analyzed. In the mist net, a Rhinolophus ferrumequinum was captured. A bat-detector was used during the entire period of mist netting to establish the presence of any bats. Of the sequences recorded, one attracted attention because it was outside the range of other bats (R. ferrumequinum or R. hipposideros – or R. euryale but there is some overlap). The recording, with a peak frequency of 92-93 kHz appears to be of R. blasius. However, R. blasius is not known to occur in the region (Dietz et. al, 2007). The recording was sent to a Bulgarian specialist for further identification, but no outcome is known yet at this point. Incidentally, several camp participants did notice that other horseshoe bats used rather variable echolocation and observations of R. euryale and R. mehely can therefore not be excluded. Rob Koelman for example noticed that all recordings of “lesser” horseshoe bats show a frequency of between 103 and 107 kHz (recordings made with Petterson D240x, analysis with Batsound software), while Dietz et. al mention frequencies of between 108 and 114 kHz. Among all the other recordings of horseshoe bats, he also found one with a frequency of between 101 and 104 kHz, suggesting R. euryale. Dietz et al. mention 104 – 109 kHz for this species (i.e. lower than R. hipposideros, but there is overlap). Frequencies of R. ferrumequinum recorded are more in accordance with literature: 78 – 81 kHz in recordings by Rob Koelman and 79 – 8 kHz in Dietz et al. Occurrence of R. mehely in the area of study is improbable because its distribution area is really much further south, but R. euryale is possible in terms of connection to known distribution area, as described in Dietz et. al. 3.3 MIST NET CAPTURES During six nights, mist nets were put up at a total of 13 locations in the surroundings of the camp site, employing a total of 37 nets and capturing 161 individual bats of 17 species. All bats captured were identified and data on sex, size, weight and reproductive status were recorded (see appendix 4). When possible, ectoparasites were collected from the bats that were caught in mist nets. The parasites were kept in 75% alcohol in small Eppendorf cups and were sent to Dr. Jan Kristufik of the Zoological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, who kindly established the species of the parasites. An overview of the parasite species is given in appendix 5. The nets were mostly placed at the entrance of a cave or quarry so as to take advantage of the attraction these places hold for bats in the late summer season (swarming behaviour). Nets were placed over a pond in a relatively open area twice (locations 1583 and 1594), and under a bridge where the river Lazurilor and the river Sohodol come together (location 1593). The mist net locations are presented on map 2 and an overview of the number of bats caught is given in table 3.

The bat fly Penicillidia dufourii on a Lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotis blythii).

Photo: Jan Buys


1595159515951595

1591591591593333

1591591591594444

1515151588888888

1515151589898989 1515151585858585

1586158615861586 1515151587878787

1515151584848484

1515151583838383

1591159115911591

1590159015901590

1592159215921592

Map 2. Mist net locations. The yellow star marks the location of the camp site.

A male Parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus) was caught at the entrance of a mine near Roşia.

Photo: Jan Buys


Mist netMist netMist netMist net Location Location Location Location

SPECIESSPECIESSPECIESSPECIES

1583

1583

1583

1583

1584

1584

1584

1584

1585

1585

1585

1585

1586

1586

1586

1586

1587

1587

1587

1587

1588

1588

1588

1588

1589

1589

1589

1589

1590

1590

1590

1590

1591

1591

1591

1591

1592

1592

1592

1592

1593

1593

1593

1593

1594

1594

1594

1594

1595

1595

1595

1595

TOTA

LTO

TAL

TOTA

LTO

TAL

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 1 2 1 4

Rhinolophus hipposideros 1 1 1 3

Myotis emarginatus 1 2 3

Myotis bechsteinii 1 2 4 1 8

Myotis blythii 3 1 3 1 8

Myotis dasycneme 1 1 2

Myotis daubentonii 3 1 2 4 3 14 27

Myotis myotis 5 4 1 6 2 3 2 5 10 4 42

Pipistrellus pipistrellus 2 3 5

Nyctalus leisleri 1 1

Nyctalus noctula 1 2 3

Eptesicus serotinus 5 7 2 2 1 17

Vespertilio murinus 1 1

Barbastella barbastellus 5 1 2 8

Plecotus auritus 1 1 2

Plecotus austriacus 1 1 2

Miniopterus schreibersii 25 25

TOTALTOTALTOTALTOTAL 6666 20202020 1111 17171717 6666 3333 17171717 15151515 22222222 8888 14141414 3333 29292929 161161161161

With a number of species extra attention was given to the determination. For this purpose mostly printed versions of the determination guide by Dietz & von Helversen (2004) were used. Of all animals a limited set of additional data (measurements, weight, reproductive status etc.) is available. Brown lBrown lBrown lBrown longongongong----eared batseared batseared batseared bats Fortunately the Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) was captured as well as the Grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus). The distinct differences between these two species could therefore be discussed and shown. Of one of the Plecotus austriacus a tissue sample was taken (wing puncture). This tissue sample is archived for later use. Greater mouseGreater mouseGreater mouseGreater mouse----eared batseared batseared batseared bats Distinction between the Lesser mouse-eared bat (Myotis blythii) and the Greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) was especially made based on the form, colour and measurements of the ear. Greater and Lesser mouse-eared bats were captured on a number of occasions right after another. That is why the distinctions could be easily compared. As additional distinction the ‘small white crown’ on the head between the ears was mentioned. These white woolly hear appeared to be present in most of the M. blythii but not in the M. myotis. The scent was a striking difference. The Greater mouse-eared bat has a diet that exists mostly of beetles and therefore the animal stinks more and often has some yellowish remains of food in the corner of his mouth and on his lips. The Lesser mouse-eared bat also eats beetles but mostly also locusts (Dietz et. al., 2004).

Table 3. Results of Mist netting, listed as number of individuals captured per location and per species. All bats captured were marked with nail polish, which showed that one animal was recaptured at another site than where it was caught the first time.


PipistrellesPipistrellesPipistrellesPipistrelles Determination of these animals was mostly done by closely looking at the characteristics of the teeth, the fur, the veins of the wing cells and, where possible, the form of the penis (Dietz et. al., 2004). PartiPartiPartiParti----coloured batcoloured batcoloured batcoloured bat One Parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus) was captured on location 1587 before the entrance of a mine on the way to Roşia. It was a male with an underarm length of 42,9 mm and a weight of 15 gr. 3.4 BATS IN CAVES The area around Roşia is rich in valleys and gorges with (karstic) caves of all shapes and sizes. In the area of study special attention was given to the bats of 5 different gorges (Cheile), which are shown on map 3. Near to the camp site there are two gorges in which a number of larger and smaller caves are located, that were inspected for presence of bats. The gorges concerned are Cheile Albioarei just northwest of the camp site and Cheile Cutilor, directly east of the camp site. A little distance south of the camp site are two more valleys with caves in them: Cheile Lazurile East of Roşia and Cheile Meziad East of Meziad. Apart from these 4 Cheiles, directly to the north of the camp site two caves can be found right next to each other in a deep valley (Peştera Ciur Izbuc and Peştera Ciur Ponor), both of which have a protected status and cannot be entered without permission. Near to the caves is an old mine. Cheile Albioarei (alongside road northeast of camp site) Cheile Albioarei (alongside road northeast of camp site) Cheile Albioarei (alongside road northeast of camp site) Cheile Albioarei (alongside road northeast of camp site) –––– mist net locations 1584, 1585,1586 and 1587mist net locations 1584, 1585,1586 and 1587mist net locations 1584, 1585,1586 and 1587mist net locations 1584, 1585,1586 and 1587 Cheile Albioarei is a carstic valley with rock walls that are in places almost vertical and through which runs the connecting road (County road 767) between Aleşd in the north and Beiuş in the south. During the summer camp, the road was being sealed and soil was being shifted along the stretch where the caves are. Large stretches of the original dirt road were excavated up to a meter deep and subsequently filled with rocky rubble, which, if possible, was quarried on the spot. Large chunks of rock were chiselled out of the valley walls with a hydraulic hammer, even if there was a cave or a mine entrance present... In the gorge, the entrances of a large number of caves (Albioarei Gorges) and mines are visited. These are clearly visible and accessible from the road. In a small natural cave just north of the camp site, one specimen of the Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) was found. In the same cave a large specimen of Salamandra salamandra was found. It was not able to leave the cave by its own, so summer camp members caught it and released the salamander in moist vegetation about 20 meters outside the cave.

Greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) is freed from the mist net.

Photo: Kees Mostert

Mine entrance at location 1586. During day time no bats were found here, but in the evening 17 bats were caught in a mistnet, like Horseshoe bats.

Photo: Gerben A

chterkamp

Making notes of the characteristics of the bats.

Photo: Gerben A

chterkamp


In the section of Country road 767 between the exit to the camp site and Roşia about 6 distinct entrances of caves/mines can be found. At four of these locations there were captures with mist nets (1584, 1585, 1586, 1587). It seems that these more or less mine like passages are not indicated as caves on the map: Peştera Valau, Peştera Crucii, Peştera Babei, Peştera, Vacii and Peştera Uriciosii. Cheile cutilorCheile cutilorCheile cutilorCheile cutilor (directly east of the camp site) (directly east of the camp site) (directly east of the camp site) (directly east of the camp site) –––– mist net locations 1588 and 1589 mist net locations 1588 and 1589 mist net locations 1588 and 1589 mist net locations 1588 and 1589 A frequently visited canyon with a small brooklet and steep limestone walls. This cave van only be reached by foot. Here captures were made before two caves: Peştera Vacii (location 1589) and Peştera Care Canta (location: 1588). In a small cave at the southeastern side of this valley 9 Greater horseshoe bats were seen hanging during the day. Cheile LazuriCheile LazuriCheile LazuriCheile Lazurilelelele –––– no mist net locations no mist net locations no mist net locations no mist net locations In this beautiful and quiet valley about 50 m up the slope there is a big entrance to a cave. On the ground of this cave enormous quantities of bat manure were found. Two Greater horseshoe bats were seen hanging from the ceiling.

1595159515951595

1591591591593333

1594159415941594

1515151588888888

1515151589898989 1515151585858585

1586158615861586 1515151587878787

1515151584848484

1515151583838383

1591159115911591

1590159015901590

1592159215921592 5555

1111

2222

3333

4444 1. Cheile Albioarei 2. Cheile Cutilor - Peştera Vacii (1589) - Peştera Care Canta (1588) - Peştera Rece 3. Cheile Lazurile 4. Cheile Meziad (1595) 5. Peştera Ciur-Izbuc (1591) Peştera Ciur-Ponor (1592) Mine (1590)

Map 3. Valleys (Cheile) in which caves are inspected. The blue squares indicate the valleys, the yellow dots are the mist net locations. Several mist nets were put up in front of caves which have been visited during daytime.


Cheile MeziadCheile MeziadCheile MeziadCheile Meziad (east of Remetea and Meziad) (east of Remetea and Meziad) (east of Remetea and Meziad) (east of Remetea and Meziad) –––– mist net location 1595 mist net location 1595 mist net location 1595 mist net location 1595 This canyon is by far the most tourist of the four Cheiles described. Here the absolutely beautiful and giant cave of Meziad is situated. In this cave, amongst others, a large colony of Schreibers’ bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) is accomodated. This cave is not open to the public. The cave has a huge and high entrance but this height decreases quickly once entered. From here on, as a protection for the bats and speleological values, parts of the cave are fenced off. A little more to the west, near the village of Meziad, another cave can be found. This cave is accessible through numerous of entrances. Walking inside is a bit difficult because of the large amount of bat droppings on the floor. Inside the cave large groups of bats were seen: at least 30 Greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), more than 60 Greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) and a small group (about 5 individuals) of Schreibers’ bats (Miniopterus schreibersii). One mummified bat was lying on the floor and brought to the camp site. Peştera CiurPeştera CiurPeştera CiurPeştera Ciur----Ponor and Peştera CiurPonor and Peştera CiurPonor and Peştera CiurPonor and Peştera Ciur----IzbucIzbucIzbucIzbuc –––– mist net locations 1590, 1591 and 1592 mist net locations 1590, 1591 and 1592 mist net locations 1590, 1591 and 1592 mist net locations 1590, 1591 and 1592 Directly to the north of the camp site there are two caves and one entrance to a mine close together in a deep valley. Both caves have a protected status and may not be entered.

One of the groups of bats in the cave east of Meziad, in this case mostly Myotis myotis.


sen


3.5 BATS ON CHURCH ATTICS True to custom, a number of excursions were spent visiting church attics. These excursions are a pleasant way of combining visits to beautiful old buildings with some compulsory communication with the inhabitants of the region. And of course there’s the chance of finding bats, owls or pigeons or evidence of them (droppings, pellets). The churches and other buildings that were visited are displayed on map 4. In the course of three days, 30 sites, most of them church attics, were visited. Not all buildings were accessible, due to a variety of reasons. In all, 11 bats of 4 different species were found: 5 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, 2 Rhinolophus hipposideros, 3 Myotis myotis and 1 Vespertilio murinus. Furthermore, evidence of the presence of bats, Pine Martens and Barn Owl was found in many places. On one attic the mummified remains of an Eastern Hedgehog were collected. The results are summarized in table 4.

UrviUrviUrviUrvişşşş de Beiude Beiude Beiude Beiuşşşş

BorzBorzBorzBorz

Uileacu Uileacu Uileacu Uileacu de Beiude Beiude Beiude Beiuşşşş

SuncuiSuncuiSuncuiSuncuişşşş IoaniIoaniIoaniIoanişşşş

PetreasaPetreasaPetreasaPetreasa

RemeteaRemeteaRemeteaRemetea

FeneriFeneriFeneriFenerişşşş

SSSSăucaniucaniucaniucani

RRRRăbbbbăgagagaganininini

MeziadMeziadMeziadMeziad

RoRoRoRoşşşşiaiaiaia

Lazuri Lazuri Lazuri Lazuri de Rode Rode Rode Roşşşşiaiaiaia

SohodolSohodolSohodolSohodol

CCCCăbeşşşşti

SitaniSitaniSitaniSitani

VVVVălanilanilanilani de de de de PomezeuPomezeuPomezeuPomezeu

SpinuSpinuSpinuSpinuşşşş de de de de PomezeuPomezeuPomezeuPomezeu

CoCoCoCoşşşşdenidenidenideni

JosaniJosaniJosaniJosani

Map 4. Locations of the curches that were visited. The yellow star indicates the location of the camp site.

Rhinolophus euryale in the tower of the church in Lazuri de Roşia.


sen


VILLAGEVILLAGEVILLAGEVILLAGE

DATE VISITDATE VISITDATE VISITDATE VISIT

Chiropte

ra s

peci

es

Chiropte

ra s

peci

es

Chiropte

ra s

peci

es

Chiropte

ra s

peci

es

Rhin

olo

phus

Rhin

olo

phus

Rhin

olo

phus

Rhin

olo

phus

ferr

um

efe

rrum

efe

rrum

efe

rrum

equin

um

quin

um

quin

um

quin

um

Rhin

olo

phus

eury

ale

Rhin

olo

phus

eury

ale

Rhin

olo

phus

eury

ale

Rhin

olo

phus

eury

ale

Myo

tis m

yotis

Myo

tis m

yotis

Myo

tis m

yotis

Myo

tis m

yotis

Vesp

ertili

o m

urinus

Vesp

ertili

o m

urinus

Vesp

ertili

o m

urinus

Vesp

ertili

o m

urinus

Bat dro

ppin

gBat dro

ppin

gBat dro

ppin

gBat dro

ppin

g

Martes

foin

a (

latrin

e)

Martes

foin

a (

latrin

e)

Martes

foin

a (

latrin

e)

Martes

foin

a (

latrin

e)

Tyto

alb

aTy

to a

lba

Tyto

alb

aTy

to a

lba

Ow

l pelle

tO

wl pelle

tO

wl pelle

tO

wl pelle

t

Erinace

us

conco

lor

Erinace

us

conco

lor

Erinace

us

conco

lor

Erinace

us

conco

lor

TOTA

L BA

TSTO

TAL BA

TSTO

TAL BA

TSTO

TAL BA

TS

Borz (2 churches) 03-08-08 Not entered, priest not at home ----

Căbeşti (Orthodox church) 05-08-08 1 + 1111

Coşdeni (remainings of building) 05-08-08 + 0000

Feneriş (church) 05-08-08 + 0000

Ioaniş (Greek Catholic church) 03-08-08 0000

Ioaniş (Ortodox church) 03-08-08 Not entered, church is "haunted" ----

Ioaniş (Reformed church) 03-08-08 + + + 0000

Ioaniş (School) 03-08-08 1 + + 1111

Josani (Orthodox church) 31-07-08 + 0000

Lazuri de Roşia (Orthodox church) 31-07-08 2 + 2222

Meziad (Orthodox church) 05-08-08 Not entered, keykeeper not at home ----

Petreasa (Orthodox church new) 01-08-08 + + 0000

Petreasa (Orthodox church old) 01-08-08 2 + + 2222

Răbăgani (church) 05-08-08 Not entered, keykeeper not at home ----

Remetea (Orthodox church new) 01-08-08 + 0000

Remetea (Reformed church old) 01-08-08 + + + 0000

Roşia (Farmacia) 31-07-08 2 + + 2222

Roşia parochies (Orthodox church) 31-07-08 1 + + 1111

Săucani (church) 05-08-08 + 0000

Sitani (Orthodox church new) 31-07-08 + + 0000

Sitani (Orthodox church old) 31-07-08 + 0000

Sohodol (Orthodox church) 05-08-08 1 1111

Spinuş de pomezeu (church) 05-08-08 Not entered, attic not accessible ----

Suncuiş 03-08-08 Not entered, keykeeper not at home ----

Suncuiş (Ortodox church) 03-08-08 + 0000

Uileacu de Beiuş (church) 03-08-08 0000

Uileacu de Beiuş (Reformed church) 03-08-08 1 1111

Urviş de Beiuş (church) 03-08-08 0000

Vălani de Pomezeu (Orthodox church old) 31-07-08 0000

TOTALTOTALTOTALTOTAL 5555 2222 3333 1111 11111111

Table 4. Results listed per church, expressed in number of individual animals seen or presence in general (+).


PartiPartiPartiParti----colouredcolouredcolouredcoloured bat bat bat bat (Vespertilio murinus)(Vespertilio murinus)(Vespertilio murinus)(Vespertilio murinus) in the church in the church in the church in the church of Uileacu de Beiuş of Uileacu de Beiuş of Uileacu de Beiuş of Uileacu de Beiuş The observation of a Parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus) in the church of Uileacu de Beiuş turned out to be a valuable one. Jeroen Willemsen placed a photo of it on the internet and a Romanian visitor (working for the Romanian Bat Protection Association) to the site requested more information, which of course was promptly provided. The Romanian Bat Protection Association is working on a publication on the Parti-coloured bat and they were especially content with our observations. They gave us some interesting background information. Levente Barti mailed: “Less then 10 roosts with summer colonies from attics of buildings are known in the whole country (half of them are male aggregations). We got about 80 records and unpublished observations from the country (about 60 locations). About 70% of our Vespertilio occurrences (we got about 50/60 locations) are accidental (maximum 1-2 individuals which entered in staircases of buildings)”. “From September until March (during migration?) the species seems to be very frequent in towns and cities on 0-700 m above sea level. In the last years the Romanian Bat Protection Association found three new nursery colonies in the towers of churches in Satu Mare county, northwards from Bihor county. We heard about panel-building-dwelling colonies as well, in Hungary. It seems that the species became much familiar with the anthropogenic ‘milieu’". “The remaining building-dwelling data are from the alpine region. We found the species in attics, or under the roof of small wooden houses from alpine pastures. Unfortunately we still have very few data from potential alpine roosts, but the higher density of the species by the high situated mist netting places (caves) suggests that the ideal habitats of species are the alpine woodlands and grasslands. 1/5 of occurrences are from some adjoining small volcanic caves from the border of deciduous and coniferous forests, where due to the lethal CO2 gas-emanations we know the percentage and the species composition of cave using vertebrates. We got some more ultrasound detector-data from the British-initiated IBats project, but these still must be evaluated”.

Parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus) in the church of Uileacu de Beiuş.


sen

The church of Uileacu de Beiuş.


sen


4 MICE by: Kees Mostert

4.1 THE USE OF TRAPS In the vicinity of Roşia traps were installed on a number of locations to capture small mammals (see map 5). For this purpose Longworth traps, pitfalls and Sherman traps were used. Most of the traps used were Longworth traps. These were put up in the trap locations A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The so-called pitfalls were used on a limited scale. For this purpose bowls of a certain size were dug in with the help of a soil drill. The Sherman traps are placed as tree traps on different altitudes in trees with the purpose of capturing Common dormice. These were placed on the locations B2, D2, E, H, I and K. The traps were checked three times every 24 hours, at 7.00 a.m., at 15.30 and at 22.00 p.m. Most of the trap locations were in use three to four nights, after which the traps were cleared and set out on new locations. The less successful locations were transferred first. A standard mixture was used as bait, consisting of peanut butter, mixed with oatmeal and pieces of apple. A new attempt to put living meal-worms into the traps failed, as most of the meal-worms did not survive the outward journey. The traps were put out on a number of locations around the camp site (A, B, C, D, E, F, G). Most traps were put out in a circle of about two kilometers around the camping site in Roşia so that the checking of the traps could be done walking. The results are summarized in table 5. In total 12 different mouse species were captured, i.e. Common shrew, Pygmy shrew, Miller's water shrew, Bi-coloured white-toothed shrew, Bank vole, Common pine vole, Common vole, Striped field mouse, Yellow-necked mouse, Eastern house mouse, Edible dormouse and Common dormouse. In total 285 captures of small mammals were concerned. The Edible dormouse and the Common dormouse were exclusively captured in tree traps.

Map 5. Locations of the Longworth traps, the pitfalls and the treetraps. The red circle indicates the location of the camp site.

A4A4A4A4

B2B2B2B2

B1B1B1B1

A2A2A2A2

A3A3A3A3

D2D2D2D2

EEEE FFFF

GGGG CCCC

D1D1D1D1

A1A1A1A1

KKKK

JJJJ

HHHH

B1B1B1B1


As could be expected the largest part of the captures was done in Longworth traps (243 of the total of captures of 285 of small mammals). All dormice captured in the camp were found in tree traps (20 Edible dormice and 2 Common dormice). Besides that also 4 times a Yellow-necked mouse was found in the tree traps as well as some birds. In the Pitfall-traps a total of 16 mice was captured. One species, the Pygmy shrew, was exclusively captured in these traps. The other captures in these traps were related to 2 Miller's water shrews, 3 Common voles and 9 Yellow-necked mice. A total of 11 animals were found dead in the traps (on 285 captures). These were: 1 Common shrew, 1 Pygmy shrew, 1 Miller's water shrew, 3 Common voles, 3 Yellow-necked mice and 2 Striped field mice.

Location

Location

Location

Location

Type and num

ber of traps

Type and num

ber of traps

Type and num

ber of traps

Type and num

ber of traps

Sore

x ara

neus

Sore

x ara

neus

Sore

x ara

neus

Sore

x ara

neus

Sore

x m

inutu

sSo

rex

min

utu

sSo

rex

min

utu

sSo

rex

min

utu

s

Neom

ys a

nom

alu

sN

eom

ys a

nom

alu

sN

eom

ys a

nom

alu

sN

eom

ys a

nom

alu

s

Cro

cidura

leuco

don

Cro

cidura

leuco

don

Cro

cidura

leuco

don

Cro

cidura

leuco

don

Myo

des

gla

reolu

sM

yodes

gla

reolu

sM

yodes

gla

reolu

sM

yodes

gla

reolu

s

Mic

rotu

s arv

alis

/ro

Mic

rotu

s arv

alis

/ro

Mic

rotu

s arv

alis

/ro

Mic

rotu

s arv

alis

/ross

imeridio

nalis

ssim

eridio

nalis

ssim

eridio

nalis

ssim

eridio

nalis

Pity

mys

subte

rraneus

Pity

mys

subte

rraneus

Pity

mys

subte

rraneus

Pity

mys

subte

rraneus

Apodem

us

agra

rius

Apodem

us

agra

rius

Apodem

us

agra

rius

Apodem

us

agra

rius

Apodem

us

flavi

colli

sA

podem

us

flavi

colli

sA

podem

us

flavi

colli

sA

podem

us

flavi

colli

s

Apodem

us

spec

Apodem

us

spec

Apodem

us

spec

Apodem

us

spec

Mus

musc

ulu

s/sp

icile

gus

Mus

musc

ulu

s/sp

icile

gus

Mus

musc

ulu

s/sp

icile

gus

Mus

musc

ulu

s/sp

icile

gus

Glis

glis

Glis

glis

Glis

glis

Glis

glis

Musc

ard

inus

ave

llanarius

Musc

ard

inus

ave

llanarius

Musc

ard

inus

ave

llanarius

Musc

ard

inus

ave

llanarius

TOTA

LTO

TAL

TOTA

LTO

TAL

Sitta

euro

paea (

bird)

Sitta

euro

paea (

bird)

Sitta

euro

paea (

bird)

Sitta

euro

paea (

bird)

Paru

s m

ajo

r (b

ird)

Paru

s m

ajo

r (b

ird)

Paru

s m

ajo

r (b

ird)

Paru

s m

ajo

r (b

ird)

Paru

s palu

stris

(bird)

Paru

s palu

stris

(bird)

Paru

s palu

stris

(bird)

Paru

s palu

stris

(bird)

A1 8 L 6 3 2 11111111

A2 10 L 1 7 1 4 13131313

A3 20 L 8 10 1 19191919

A4 12 L 3 1 4444

B1 20 L 1 1 1 10 1 14141414

B2 20 L + 10 P + 10 T 2 3 1 8 28 70 7 1 2 122122122122 1 1

C 50 L + 20 P 1 5 1 8 2 17171717

D1 9 L 1 1 2222

D2 18 L 2 5 3 10101010

E 20 L + 10 P + 30 T 1 3 1 9 4 18181818

F 20 L 1 2 5 2 10101010

G 20 L 5 23 28282828

H 20 T 4 4444

I 20 T 7 2 9999 2

J 10 T 0000

K 10 T 4 4444

TOTALSTOTALSTOTALSTOTALS 4444 2222 9999 1111 7777 18181818 1111 45454545 155155155155 16161616 5555 20202020 2222 285285285285

Table 5. Captures in life traps. The type of live trap is indicated by a letter: L = Longworth small mammal trap, P = pitfall, T = tree trap.

Preparing the live traps at location A2.

Photo: Kees Mostert


4.2 RESULTS Common shrew (Common shrew (Common shrew (Common shrew (Sorex araneusSorex araneusSorex araneusSorex araneus)))) Four specimens were captured scattered among four different locations of traps (B, C, E and F). One of those specimens unfortunately did not survive the capturing action. Pygmy shrew (Pygmy shrew (Pygmy shrew (Pygmy shrew (Sorex minutusSorex minutusSorex minutusSorex minutus)))) Two specimens were captured at trap location B2. The first animal was taken to the camp alive, where it could be looked at for 24 hours The animal was put back fit and well into the location where it was captured. The other animal was found dead unfortunately. Both animals were captured in Pitfall-traps. Miller's water shrew (Miller's water shrew (Miller's water shrew (Miller's water shrew (Neomys anomalusNeomys anomalusNeomys anomalusNeomys anomalus)))) A total of nine Miller's water shrews was captured, divided over locations B (4 animals), E (3 animals) and F (2 animals). The animals were captured in the vicinity of small streams or brooklets. Unfortunately one animal was found dead in a trap. BiBiBiBi----coloured whitecoloured whitecoloured whitecoloured white----toothed shrew toothed shrew toothed shrew toothed shrew ((((Crocidura leucodonCrocidura leucodonCrocidura leucodonCrocidura leucodon)))) The Bi-coloured white-toothed shrew has not been captured during a summer camp in many years. This year one specimen was captured in a life-trap on location B2. The animal was taken to the camp alive and next put back sound and well on the trap location after 24 hours. Common pine vole (Common pine vole (Common pine vole (Common pine vole (Microtus subterraneusMicrotus subterraneusMicrotus subterraneusMicrotus subterraneus)))) One animal was captured at trap location A1. The animal was taken to the camp for 24 hours. After that it was released again at the same location. Bank vole (Bank vole (Bank vole (Bank vole (Myodes glareolusMyodes glareolusMyodes glareolusMyodes glareolus)))) Of the Bank vole seven individuals were captured, in two different trap locations. Five animals were captured at trap location C and two animals at trap location D.

Miller’s water shrew (Neomys anomalus).

Photo: Jan Buys


Common vole Common vole Common vole Common vole (Microtus arvalis)(Microtus arvalis)(Microtus arvalis)(Microtus arvalis) A total of 18 Common voles were captured during the camp. Nine specimens on trap location A and the same amount on trap location B. Three specimens unfortunately did not survive the capturing adventure. The relatively high amount of victims can possibly be explained by the fact that Common voles, more so than other species, are trapped during the day (when the sun can be fairly warm). YellowYellowYellowYellow----necked mouse (necked mouse (necked mouse (necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollisApodemus flavicollisApodemus flavicollisApodemus flavicollis)))) The Yellow-necked mouse is by far the most captured species of mice during the camp. More than half of the total amount of captures was related to this species (54%). The species was captured 155 times in total during one checking. The highest numbers were captured at location B (75×), location A (23×) and location G (23×). The species was found on all trap locations with Longworth traps. Nine specimens were captured in Pitfall-traps, whereas four specimens were captured in tree traps. Three specimens of the 155 captures were found dead in the traps. Woodmouse spec. (Woodmouse spec. (Woodmouse spec. (Woodmouse spec. (ApodemusApodemusApodemusApodemus spec.) spec.) spec.) spec.) In 16 cases it was not sufficiently clear if a Wood mouse, a Yellow-necked mouse or a small Woodmouse was involved. Most cases were related to trap locations A (5 animals) and B (11 animals) and some animals in C (2 animals) and D (1 animal). Striped field mouse (Striped field mouse (Striped field mouse (Striped field mouse (Apodemus agraricusApodemus agraricusApodemus agraricusApodemus agraricus)))) The Striped field mouse was, after the Yellow-necked mouse, the most captured mouse species during the camp. The species was captured no less than 45 times. Most animals were caught at trap location B (26). Next the species was captured in small numbers at A (6×), E (1×) , F (5×) and G (5×) and at B2 (2×). Two Yellow-necked mice were found dead in the traps. EasEasEasEastern house mouse (tern house mouse (tern house mouse (tern house mouse (Mus Mus Mus Mus musculmusculmusculmusculusususus)))) In total five specimens were captured, among which 4 specimens at trap location A and one specimen at trap location B. Edible dormouse (Edible dormouse (Edible dormouse (Edible dormouse (Glis glGlis glGlis glGlis glisisisis)))) Edible dormice were exclusively captured in tree traps. A total of no less than 20 captures were done in tree traps. Most animals were captured at the mines (7×), but also on other locations with tree traps again one or several Edible dormice were captured. Besides that also a few observations by sight were done. Common dormouse (Common dormouse (Common dormouse (Common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanariusMuscardinus avellanariusMuscardinus avellanariusMuscardinus avellanarius)))) Two Common dormice were captured during the camp, both in tree traps at the trap location H. Other capturesOther capturesOther capturesOther captures There were a few odd additional captures this year. On two occasions in the tree traps at location H a Eurasian Nuthatch was captured (that lost its life), while in the tree traps in location B2 a Great Tit as well as a Marsh Tit were captured. Moreover, in five cases ants were recorded as captures in the Longworth trap, two times this was the case for a (big) grasshopper and two times for a snail. In 24 cases the small trapdoor was found closed without there being a capture.

Edible dormouse (Glis glis).

Photo: Rob Koelman

Apodemus spec. likes peanut butter very much.


sen


5 OWL PELLETS by: Jan Piet Bekker

5.1 COLLECTING AND ANALYSING OWL PELLETS During the summer camp owl pellets were collected in ten different locations (displayed on map 6). The locations were church lofts, deserted buildings, old abandoned houses, a cave and in the forest near a spring. All pellet collections contained mammal remains. Eight collections were barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets, while two were tawny owl (Strix aluco) pellets. A total of 1372 mammalian skull remains were found, involving a minimum of eighteen small mammal species. The largest collection was found in a ruin near Coşdeni. It yielded 519 partly intact mammalian skulls. Details on the pellets and the locations are given in table 6. Occasionally, definite determination was problematic because of interspecies similarity and lack of experience concerning some of the species involved – the exact differences, for example, between Microtus levis (until 2005 this species was known as M. rossiaemeridionalis) and Microtus arvalis, between Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis and A. agrarius and between Mus domesticus and M. spicilegus remain troublesome. In appendix 6 some of the used possibilities in discrimination of the different species are given.

SSSSăucaniucaniucaniucani

CoCoCoCoşşşşdenidenidenideni

SitaniSitaniSitaniSitani

PetreasaPetreasaPetreasaPetreasa

RemeteaRemeteaRemeteaRemetea

RoRoRoRoşşşşiaiaiaia

CCCCăbebebebeşşşştitititi

P. Ciur P. Ciur P. Ciur P. Ciur PonorPonorPonorPonor

P. VaciiP. VaciiP. VaciiP. Vacii

ForestForestForestForest

SuncuiSuncuiSuncuiSuncuişşşş

Map 6. Locations where owl pellets were collected. The yellow star indicates the location of the camp site.


CollectionCollectionCollectionCollection

DateDateDateDate

LocatioLocatioLocatioLocationnnn

Owl sOwl sOwl sOwl species pecies pecies pecies

EEEElevation (m)levation (m)levation (m)levation (m)

EEEEstimated numberstimated numberstimated numberstimated number of pelletsof pelletsof pelletsof pellets

1 01-08-08 Petreasa Tyto alba 214 36

2 01-08-08 Remetea (St Nicholas Church) Tyto alba 198 11

3 03-08-08 Suncuiş Tyto alba 114 40



4 04-08-08 Forest (near spring) Strix aluco 590 1

5 31-07-08 Roşia Tyto alba 504 9

6 31-07-08 Sitani Tyto alba 155 50



7 05-08-08 Coşdeni (ruin) Tyto alba 163 80

7 05-08-08 Coşdeni (ruin) Tyto alba 163 80

8 05-08-08 Săucani Tyto alba 211 16

9 05-08-08 Căbeşti Tyto alba 196 1

10 03-08-08 Peştera Vacci Strix aluco 304 10

Table 6. Locations where owl pellets were found.

5.2 RESULTS In table 7 the results of the pellet analysis are differentiated wherever possible. The different species that were present in the pellets are discussed below. Common shrew Common shrew Common shrew Common shrew (S(S(S(Sorex araneuorex araneuorex araneuorex araneussss)))) Skull remains of this shrew were found in seven out of the ten pellet collections. In total 86 (6,3%) specimens could be identified. Pygmy shrew Pygmy shrew Pygmy shrew Pygmy shrew ((((Sorex minutusSorex minutusSorex minutusSorex minutus)))) In the barn owl pellets collected in Petreasa (2 ex.), Săucani (1 ex.) and Căbeşti (1 ex.) of this species was discovered. The total percentage is 0,3%. Miller’s water shrew Miller’s water shrew Miller’s water shrew Miller’s water shrew ((((Neomys anomalusNeomys anomalusNeomys anomalusNeomys anomalus)))) This species has been established in six out the ten collections. In total 76 Miller’s skull remains were found. BiBiBiBi----ccccoloured oloured oloured oloured whitewhitewhitewhite----toothed toothed toothed toothed shrew shrew shrew shrew (Crocidura leucodon)(Crocidura leucodon)(Crocidura leucodon)(Crocidura leucodon) Skull remains of this shrew were found in six out of the ten pellet collections. About 17,5 % out of the total of small mammals in the pellets were of this species. Lesser whiteLesser whiteLesser whiteLesser white----toothed shrew toothed shrew toothed shrew toothed shrew ((((Crocidura suaCrocidura suaCrocidura suaCrocidura suaveolensveolensveolensveolens)))) Again, six out of ten collections contained this species: more then 23 % of the mammals were of this variety. The lesser white toothed shrew was the most numerous insectivore among the pellet collections found.


Greater horseshoe bat Greater horseshoe bat Greater horseshoe bat Greater horseshoe bat ((((Rhinolophus Rhinolophus Rhinolophus Rhinolophus ferrumequinumferrumequinumferrumequinumferrumequinum)))) As a surprise three specimens of this species were discouvered in pellets of a Tawny owl. This number contributed just a little bit more than 0,2 % of the prey items of the owls. Bank vole Bank vole Bank vole Bank vole ((((Myodes glareolusMyodes glareolusMyodes glareolusMyodes glareolus)))) One specimen of this species was found in the pellets of a tawny owl deposited in a cave near Peştera Vacci; this counted for 0,07 % of the total. MoMoMoMontanntanntanntaneeee water vole water vole water vole water vole ((((Arvicola schermanArvicola schermanArvicola schermanArvicola scherman)))) Arvicola scherman, a former subspecies of A. terrestris, is since 2005 recognised as a seperate species. The main distribution is located in the more elevated areas of central Europe as well as the Pyrenees and the Cantabric Mountains. Skull remains of this water vole were surprisingly found in six out of the ten pellet collections. The number of 33 specimens brings up 2,4 % of the total of small mammals in the pellets.

SpeciesSpeciesSpeciesSpecies P

etreasa

Petreasa

Petreasa

Petreasa

Rem

etea

Rem

etea

Rem

etea

Rem

etea

Suncui

Suncui

Suncui

Suncuişş şş

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

RoRo RoRoşş şş iaia iaia

Sitani

Sitani

Sitani

Sitani

Co

Co

Co

Co şş şşdeni

deni

deni

deni

SS SSăucani

ucani

ucani

ucani

CC CCăbebe bebeşş şş titi titi

Peştera

Peştera

Peştera

Peştera Vacci

Vacci

Vacci

Vacci

TT TTOTA

LOTA

LOTA

LOTA

L

Sorex araneus 36 12 4 9 20 4 1 86

Sorex minutus 2 1 1 4

Neomys anomalus 12 6 9 2 12 35 76

Crocidura leucodon 25 20 11 63 116 5 240

Crocidura suaveolens 51 26 21 86 129 4 317

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 3 3

Arvicola scherman 2 9 6 3 12 1 33

Myodes glareolus 1 1

Microtus subterraneus 3 1 4

Microtus arvalis 26 6 100 2 123 144 11 2 414

Microtus agrestis 1 1

Micromys minutus 2 2 1 3 4 12

Apodemus agrarius 4 2 5 25 14 2 2 54

Apodemus flavicollis 3 1 2 6

Apodemus sylvaticus 2 7 2 8 19

Apodemus spec. 1 22 1 1 10 24 2 61

Mus musculus 1 15 9 25

Mus spp. 2 4 2 8

Muscardinus avellanarius 4 2 6

Glis glis 1 1 2

TOTALTOTALTOTALTOTAL 161161161161 74747474 201201201201 2222 13131313 356356356356 519519519519 32323232 2222 12121212 1372137213721372

Table 7. Small mammal fragments in owl pellets.


Common vole Common vole Common vole Common vole ((((Microtus arvalisMicrotus arvalisMicrotus arvalisMicrotus arvalis)))) Initially eight out of ten pellet collections the skull remains of the common vole/sibling complex have been found constituting over 30 % of the small mammals in total. The map in the European Mammals Atlas points to M. arvalis rather than M. levis in this area. Therefore all specimens of Microtus arvalis/levis group from the camp in Rosia, Romania were assigned to M. arvalis. However, it is worthwile applying the formula (see above) for all available skulls that are more or less intact and communicate on this topic later on. Field vole Field vole Field vole Field vole ((((Microtus agrestisMicrotus agrestisMicrotus agrestisMicrotus agrestis)))) Like the bank vole, one specimen of field vole was found in the pellets of a tawny owl deposited in a cave near Vacci; this also counted for 0,07 % of the total. CommCommCommCommon pine vole on pine vole on pine vole on pine vole (Microtus subterraneus)(Microtus subterraneus)(Microtus subterraneus)(Microtus subterraneus) This species has been established in two out the ten collections. In total 4 bank vole skull remains (0,3 %) were found. Harvest mouse Harvest mouse Harvest mouse Harvest mouse ((((Micromys minutusMicromys minutusMicromys minutusMicromys minutus)))) Skull remains of this small mammal were found in five out of the ten pellet collections. Almost 0,9 % out of the total of small mammals in the pellets were assigned to this species. Apodemus speciesApodemus speciesApodemus speciesApodemus species In the camp site surroundings, no less than three species of wood mice have been identified. Skull remains of this genus are rather difficult to pinpoint because of fragility of the skulls, even of adult specimens. A total of 140 skulls in the analysed pellets (24 %) concerned some kind of Apodemus. Of these 140 skull remains 61 exx. were not specified (A. agrarius, A. flavicollis or A. sylvaticus) because the mandible length surpassed 13 mm and incisor thickness was less than 1.4 mm. None of the skull remains could have been identified positively to be A. uralensis. Romania is considered outside the areal of A. alpicola. Striped field mouse Striped field mouse Striped field mouse Striped field mouse ((((Apodemus agrariusApodemus agrariusApodemus agrariusApodemus agrarius)))) Of the 140 Apodemus, 54 skull remains were positively identified as A. agrarius. YellowYellowYellowYellow----necked mouse necked mouse necked mouse necked mouse ((((Apodemus flavicollisApodemus flavicollisApodemus flavicollisApodemus flavicollis)))) Large mandibles (longer than 15.5 mm, incisors thicker than 1.4 mm) could be ascribed to A. flavicollis: a total of 6 skull remains were so named. Wood mouse Wood mouse Wood mouse Wood mouse ((((Apodemus sylvaticusApodemus sylvaticusApodemus sylvaticusApodemus sylvaticus)))) 19 remains of skulls could be identified as A. sylvaticus. Eastern hEastern hEastern hEastern house mouse ouse mouse ouse mouse ouse mouse ((((Mus musculusMus musculusMus musculusMus musculus)))) Of the 10 collections, 4 contained skulls of the genus Mus; in total 2,4% of all collected skulls. M. spicileges has not been positively identified and the map in the European Mammals Atlas points to M. musculus rather than M. spicileges in this area. Therefore all specimens of the genus Mus from the camp in Rosia, Romania were assigned to M. musculus. Just around 1,8% of the small mammal skulls were positively identified as M. musculus. Edible dormouse Edible dormouse Edible dormouse Edible dormouse ((((Glis glisGlis glisGlis glisGlis glis)))) The edible dormouse in two locations had been identified, in total two specimens, almost 0,15 % of all small mammals. The G. glis skulls were found in tawny owl pellets.

Analysing the owl pellets at the camp site.


sen


Common dormouse Common dormouse Common dormouse Common dormouse ((((Muscardinus avellanariusMuscardinus avellanariusMuscardinus avellanariusMuscardinus avellanarius)))) In owl pellet material of two locations Muscardinus avellanarius was identified, in total six specimens, counted for less than 0,5%. 5.3 DISCUSSION Analysing the owl pellets proved to be a significant factor in broadening mammal research in the area of study. No less than five species not yet found during the regular camp were discovered in pellet form – Lesser white toothed shrew, Montane water vole, Field vole, Harvest mouse and Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus. The low number of Apodemus flavicollis seems in contradiction with the results of the trappings around the campsite. However the elevation of most of the owl pellet sites is around 200 m above sea level, while the trapping sites where on the higher altitudes. The sites of 300 m and more or from the tawny owl comprise A. flavicollis. Niethammer (1978) described this species occupying the higher elevated sites in comparison with A. sylvaticus. The pellet analysis, done in bulk after our stay in Romania, has proved to be an asset in mammalian research. Possibly more skull remains may become subject of a more exact assignment. For future analysis of pellets it is strongly recommanded to keep the contents of each pellet strictly apart, thus making it possible to sort out the fragments of the different mammal specimens. Taking this to an accepted standard procedure, more ultimatly assignments of specimens could be feasible. Apart from the few pellets that were analysed during the camp of the Fieldstudy group, the remaining collections were analysed by Zsolt Hegyeli, Kees Mostert and Jan Piet Bekker.


6 OTHER MAMMAL OBSERVATIONS

6.1 CAMERA TRAPS by: Jeroen Willemsen For the first time during a summer camp camera traps were used to collect data of mammals other than mice and bats. Several people in the Netherlands have started using cameras for recording mammals a while ago, but the best way to set up a camera is something that still has to be worked out. Placing the cameras in the surroundings of Roşia was so to speak a new experiment, mainly aimed at learning how to work with the equipment. Cameras of the company “Moultrie” were used. The dimensions of the camera are 10 x 16.5 x 26 cm, so they can be attached to a tree or a rock rather inconspicuously. These cameras have a built in motion sensor and a fixed resolution. Moultrie cameras can be obtained either as an infrared version or a version with a flash lamp. Both are supplied in a model of 4 and 6 mega pixels and have a 2 gigabyte memory card on which about 2000 photos of reasonable quality can be stored. This means that once a camera has been installed, it will record data without anyone having to go to the site every day, thus minimizing any potential disturbance of animals. The quality of digital photos is a bit less than that of analogue photos, but the large storage capacity is certainly preferable to an analogue film with up to 36 photos. Also direct viewing of the images on your laptop is a lot more satisfactory than having to wait several days for your film to be developed.

A camera with a flash lamp waiting for action.


sen

La JofiLa JofiLa JofiLa Jofi

Ponita northPonita northPonita northPonita north

Pasture north Pasture north Pasture north Pasture north of campsiteof campsiteof campsiteof campsite

Cheile Cutilor northCheile Cutilor northCheile Cutilor northCheile Cutilor north

CCCCheile Cutilor centreheile Cutilor centreheile Cutilor centreheile Cutilor centre

Cheile Cutilor southCheile Cutilor southCheile Cutilor southCheile Cutilor south

Map 7. Locations of the camera traps. The red circle indicates the location of the camp site.


Some of the cameras can take pictures as well as make films. Both the interval with which the pictures are made and the length of the film are adjustable. During our experiments, we made series of three pictures with a time interval of 10 seconds. After taking the last picture, the camera paused for 1 minute, after which the sensor was activated again. The length of the films was mostly set to 30 seconds. In front of the camera cat food was placed to attract mammals. On one location hazelnuts were placed in front of a camera for the same reason. The experiments with the cameras placed on 6 different locations (as is displayed in map 7) resulted in a large number of films and pictures. It appeared that in a lot of cases the motion sensor was activated by moving leaves of trees or perhaps some bugs or beetles, thus resulting in hundreds of images with no mammals on it. However, in some cases mammals actually activated the sensor and were “captured” on film or photograph. The species recorded that way are summarized in table 8. During a mist netting session at Meziad cave, a camera was placed in the cave to test whether bats in flight can be detected with it. This turned out not to be the case, the camera’s reaction time is too long.

LocationLocationLocationLocation Type of cameraType of cameraType of cameraType of camera ResultsResultsResultsResults

La Jofi (1) Infrared, 40 megapixel 2x Vulpes vulpes, local people

La Jofi (2) Flash light, 40 megapixel 2x Vulpes vulpes

Cheile Cutilor north Infrared, 60 megapixel -

Cheile Cutilor centre Flash light, 40 megapixel -

Cheile Cutilor south Flash light, 60 megapixel -

Ponita north Infrared, 40 megapixel 1x Apodemus flavicollis, 2x bird

Pasture north of campsite (1) Infrared, 40 megapixel -

Pasture north of campsite (2) Flash light, 40 megapixel 1x House cat, 1x dog

Table 8. Registrations of camera traps.

Recordings of the camera traps. Top: Red fox (left), Dog (middle), Yellow-necked mouse (right). Middle: Bird (left), House cat (middle), nosy man (left). Bottom: Summer camp members making adjustments to the cameras: Bart (left), Jan Piet and Jan (middle), Zsolt (right).


6.2 OTHER MAMMAL OBSERVATIONS by: Kees Mostert

Besides the regular research on small mammals and the research on bats making use of traps, there are also observations by sight, findings of dead animals and all sorts of track findings done in the wide environment of the camp site. Below a brief review is given of the observations done per species during the camp. Eastern hedgehog Eastern hedgehog Eastern hedgehog Eastern hedgehog ((((ErinaceusErinaceusErinaceusErinaceus concolor) concolor) concolor) concolor) Nine observations of Eastern hedgehogs were noted in the wide environment of the camp building. Five of them were done alongside or on the road, of which in one case it is noted that it was a casualty of traffic. Two observations are related to the direct vicinity of the camp building. Common shrew (Sorex Common shrew (Sorex Common shrew (Sorex Common shrew (Sorex araneus)araneus)araneus)araneus) There was one finding of a Common shrew in a forest area. A nice report since only few specimens were captured in the traps. Miller's water shrew Miller's water shrew Miller's water shrew Miller's water shrew (Neomys anomalus)(Neomys anomalus)(Neomys anomalus)(Neomys anomalus) During the checking of trap line F an animal was observed in a small water stream. In this trap line the species was captured in traps on another occasion. Common mole Common mole Common mole Common mole (Talpa europaea)(Talpa europaea)(Talpa europaea)(Talpa europaea) Nineteen observations of moles were noted. Almost all reports were related to mole-hills, in the agricultural area as well as in the woods. On one occasion a dead animal was found. Brown hare Brown hare Brown hare Brown hare (Lepus europaeus)(Lepus europaeus)(Lepus europaeus)(Lepus europaeus) During the camp seven observations were done of hares. Three observations were related to the open area southwest of the camp site and one to the northeast. One dead specimen was reported from the road between Damis and Roşia. Red squirrel Red squirrel Red squirrel Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)(Sciurus vulgaris)(Sciurus vulgaris)(Sciurus vulgaris) Three observations were done of squirrels during the camp. One of those was related to (food) tracks. Water vole Water vole Water vole Water vole (Arvicola terrestris)(Arvicola terrestris)(Arvicola terrestris)(Arvicola terrestris) Southwest of Beiuş tracks were found of a Water vole in an open field put down to this species. YellowYellowYellowYellow----necked mouse necked mouse necked mouse necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis)(Apodemus flavicollis)(Apodemus flavicollis)(Apodemus flavicollis) Once a Yellow-necked mouse was spotted, on top of a Longworth-trap of location G however, where the species had already been caught. Brown rat Brown rat Brown rat Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)(Rattus norvegicus)(Rattus norvegicus)(Rattus norvegicus) Only one report was made of the Brown rat. It was a traffic casualty found on the way to Tinea. Edible dormouse Edible dormouse Edible dormouse Edible dormouse (Glis glis)(Glis glis)(Glis glis)(Glis glis) Except for the capture in the tree-traps Edible dormice were observed by chance on two occasions. One report was about two animals that were observed during the day at the entrance-part of a small cave – Ciur Izbuc; these could be observed and photographed for a long time. The second observation by sight was done in a small tree close to trap location E, where the species had already been captured.

Eastern hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor).

Photo: Kees Mostert


Red Fox Red Fox Red Fox Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)(Vulpes vulpes)(Vulpes vulpes)(Vulpes vulpes) Foxes are common in the neighbourhood of Roşia. The presence of the species was established in various ways. Fourteen reports were made. Four of them were related to observations by sight (at Meziad among others). Twice a scull was found, of which one was found at the entrance of a small cave at P. Vacii. Foure times the Fox was recorded by camera-traps. The remaining reports were made on the basis of turds and tracks in the wide vicinity of the camp site. Weasel Weasel Weasel Weasel (Mustela nivalis)(Mustela nivalis)(Mustela nivalis)(Mustela nivalis) Only one observation by sight was done of a Weasel at a small stream in the neighbourhood of Roşia. Besides that excrements were found of which it is not clear if they are related to the Weasel or the Stoat (small marten spec.). Western polecat Western polecat Western polecat Western polecat (Mustela putorius)(Mustela putorius)(Mustela putorius)(Mustela putorius) The Western polecat was seen once during the camp. A casualty of traffic was found in the vicinity of Beiuş. Beech marten (Martes foina)Beech marten (Martes foina)Beech marten (Martes foina)Beech marten (Martes foina) Unfortunately no Beech martens were seen during the camp. At five locations however excrements were found put down to this species. Three of the five reports were related to church buildings (Josani en Ioannniş) that were visited with regard to bats. Marten specMarten specMarten specMarten spec. (Martes sp.). (Martes sp.). (Martes sp.). (Martes sp.) Nine reports were done on martens, of which it was unclear if they were related to the Pine marten or the Beech marten. In most cases excrements are concerned found in several woods and in the agricultural area of Roşia. On one occasion excrements were found in a church attic. In another case an animal was spotted in George in which case it was not possible to determine the species concerned. Badger Badger Badger Badger (Meles meles)(Meles meles)(Meles meles)(Meles meles) The scull of a Badger was found alongside the road in the vicinity of the camp stie. Otter Otter Otter Otter (Lutra lutra)(Lutra lutra)(Lutra lutra)(Lutra lutra) During the camp excrements and other tracks of Otters were found at several locations. There are 17 reports in total. These were in Sebes, Polana, C. Negru south of Beiuş, Nimaiesti, neighbourhood of Roşia, under the bridge at Soholdol and in Gorge Lazuri de Roşia. Apparently this species is amply present in the neighbourhood of Roşia. Unfortunately no observations by sight were done of this species. Wild boar Wild boar Wild boar Wild boar (Sus scr(Sus scr(Sus scr(Sus scrofa)ofa)ofa)ofa) Of the eight reports of Wild boars seven were related to tracks alongside water streams in the woods around Roşia. On one occasion an animal was seen northeast of the camp. Roe deer Roe deer Roe deer Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)(Capreolus capreolus)(Capreolus capreolus)(Capreolus capreolus) Eleven observations were made of Roe deer. Most of these were related to observations by sight of single specimens in the forest areas in the wide vicinity of Roşia. In a single case two or three specimens were seen. In three instances it was about tracks in soft forest ground or alongside small streams.

Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) caught by a camera trap.


7 OTHER TAXONOMIC GROUPS by: Kees Mostert 7.1 BIRDS During this camp, approximately 90 bird species were observed. The small-scale agricultural landscape, diversified by forest and streams, is home to a great number of species, typical of this landscape, e.g. Eurasian Hobby, Common Quail, Grey Partridge, Mistle Trush, Common and Black Redstart, European Stonechat, Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Eurasian Greenfinch and Eurasian Goldfinch. Along streams, numerous White-throated Dippers and Grey Wagtails and the occasional Common or Green Sandpiper were seen. Apart from the latter two species, hardly any water birds and waders were seen – suitable habitat for these groups was nowhere in the area. Some of the more interesting bird observations were of a Black Stork circling over the campsite, a Middle Spotted Woodpecker sunbathing by the side of the trail and a breeding Eurasian Scops Owl in an old apple tree right beside the main camp building. An overwiew of the bird species recorded is given in appendix 8. 7.2 REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS A modest list of amphibians and reptiles was found in the vicinity of the camp site. In watering holes, Yellow-bellied Toads and Edible Frogs were regularly found, as well as the occasional Fire Salamander. Down by the stream, larvae of Fire Salamander that were well on their way to adulthood could be admired. As far as reptiles were concerned, they were mainly of the ‘northern’ species which we are familiar with, like Sand Lizard, Common Wall Lizard, Grass Snake, Smooth Snake and Slow Worm. Near some of the streams, Green Lizards were seen. The recordings of both amphibians and reptiles are presented in appendix 8. 7.3 BUTTERFLIES During the summer camp, over 60 butterfly species were observed. Most species were seen in the immediate vicinity of the camp site. Although the numbers of species found is high by Dutch standards, it is rather low for an area in the Balkans. Although agricultural land use in the area is very much small-scale and nature-friendly, it still limits the number of species occurring to some extent. For example, none of the small swallowtails, no Emperors, Admirals and no Coenonympha species other than C. pampilus species were seen. In the agricultural area, species like Scarce Swallowtail, Clouded Yellow, Wood White, Scooty Copper, Common Blue, Short-tailed Blue en Red Admiral were abundant. In moister habitats along streams, Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary and Grizzled Skipper were common while along the rivers Silver-spotted Skipper, Queen, Dingy Skipper and various Blues could be found. Along forest edges and shrubs, Large Grizzled Skipper, Silver-washed Fritillary, High Brown Fritillary, Dark Green Fritillary, Queen, Duke, Comma, Gatekeeper, Meadow Brown and Speckled Wood were commonly found. The Common Glider which was regularly seen in this habitat is definitely one of the nicer observations. Spanish Flag, a diurnally active nocturnal butterfly, was also commonly seen here on Common Boneset. Cardinals were seen here and there in dry grassy vegetations. Four species of butterflies which are difficult to distinguish were observed each only once and these observations could therefore not be confirmed. They were added separately to the list of recorded spiecies, shown in appendix 8.

Photo: Jan Buys

Yellow-bellied Toad (Bombina variegata).


7.4 DRAGONFLIES The camp area offered limited opportunities for observing dragonflies. The countless small streams in the environment were mainly inhabited by Beautiful Demoiselles and Green-eyed Club-tails and the occasional Goldenring flew by (often out of reach of the net). The somewhat more distant rivers were favoured as a biotope by Banded Demoiselle, Common Blue Damselfly, White-legged Damselfly and Southern Skimmer. The watering holes for cattle, which are found spread throughout the landscape, often harbour species like Common Blue Damselfly, Azure Damselfly, Blue-tailed Damselfly, Small Blue-tail, White-tailed Skimmer and Emperor Dragonfly. Migrant and Blue Hawkers were often seen, patrolling in the forest or along it’s edges. In a splendid valley behind the waterfalls east of Roşia, a few Brilliant Emeralds found. All in all however, the survey did not present many surprises. The recordings are presented in appendix 8. 7.5 GRASSHOPPERS No serious survey of grasshoppers and crickets was carried out during this camp. In appendix 8 a number of species are listed which were heard or seen regularly in the surroundings of the camp building and which were indentified. Of particular interest was the occurrence of the Large Banded Grasshopper (Arcyptera fusca) in the meadow fields around camp location. 7.6 OTHER NOTICEABLE OBSERVATIONS In the direct surroundings of the camp site two noticeable species were recorded. To find Devil’s Fingers (Clathrus archeri) one just had to follow his nose while walking in the forests around the camp site. The species was rather abundant there. The other remarkable species was Stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium). This European protected endemic crayfish could be found in the small streams where the live traps were placed.


sen

Stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium).


8 REFERENCES

− Arnold, N. & D. Ovenden, 2002: Field Guide Reptiles & Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Collins

Publishers, New York. − Dietz, C. & O. von Helversen, 2004: Illustrated identification key to the bats of Europe, version 1.0,

Tuebingen/Erlangen. − Dietz, C., O. von Helversen & D. Nill, 2007: Handbuch der Fledermäuse Europas und Nordwestafrikas,

Biologie, Kenzeichen, Gefarddung, Franckh-Kosmos Verlags GmbH & Co KG, Stuttgart. − Dijkstra, K.D. & R. Lewington, 2006: Field Guide to the dragonflies in Britain and Europe, British Wildlife

Publishing, Gillingham. − Dragu, A., 2009: Species structure of the bat community hibernating in Muierilor Cave (Southern

Carpathians, Romania), in: North-Western Journal of Zoology Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.281-289, article no.: 051123. http://herp-or.uv.ro/nwjz/content/onf/nwjz.051123.Dragu.pdf

− Gheorghiu, V., A. Petculescu & V. Iavorschi, 2001: Contribution to the knowledge of the Chiroptera

distribution from the Romanian sector of the Carpathian Mountains. In: Studia Chiropterologica, 2: 17–46, 2001.

− Gheorghiu, V. & D. Murariu (2002): Pipistrellus kuhlii Kuhl, 1819 and P. pygmaeus Leach, 1825

(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) recently reported in the Romanian vertebrate fauna, in: Trav. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Bucharest 44, 443-454.

− Jére, C., A. Dóczy, & L. Barti, 2007: Results of research on the bat fauna of the Vârghiş Gorge (Eastern

Carpathians, Romania), in: Travaux de l’Institut de Spéologie „Émile Racovitza” 45-46: 59-74. http://speotravaux.iser.ro/06-07/art05.pdf

− Jonsson, L., 1993. Vogels van Europa, Noord-Afrika en het Midden-Oosten, Tirion, Baarn. − MacDonald, D. & P. Barrett, 1995: Collins Field Guide Mammals of Britain & Europe, HarperCollins

Publishers, London. − Mitchell-Jones, A.J. et al., 1999: The atlas of European mammals, Societas Europaea Mammalogica,

London. − Niethammer, J. & F. Krapp, 1978-2005: Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas, Part 1-6, Aula Verlag,

Wiebelsheim. − Schober, W. & E. Grimmberger, 2001. Gids van de vleermuizen van Europa, Azoren en de Canarische

Eilanden, Tirion, Baarn.

− Svensson, L. & P.J. Grant, 2003: ANWB Vogelgids van Europa, Tirion Uitgevers BV, Baarn − Tolman, T. & R. Lewington, 1999. De Nieuwe Vlindergids (450 soorten dagvlinders van Europa en

Noordwest-Afrika), Tirion, Baarn.


APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1.

LIST OF SCIENTIFIC, DUTCH, ROMANIAN AND HUNGARIAN NAMES

Scientific nameScientific nameScientific nameScientific name Dutch nameDutch nameDutch nameDutch name Romanian nameRomanian nameRomanian nameRomanian name Hungarian nameHungarian nameHungarian nameHungarian name

Erinaceus concolor Oostelijke egel Arici Keleti sün

Sorex araneus Bosspitsmuis ChiŃcanul comun Erdei cickány

Sorex minutus Dwergspitsmuis ChiŃcanul pitic Törpecickány

Neomys anomalus Millers waterspitsmuis ChiŃcanul de mlaştină Miller-vízicickány

Crocidura leucodon Veldspitsmuis ChiŃcanul de câmp Mezei cickány

Crocidura suaveolens Tuinspitsmuis ChiŃcanul de grădină Keleti cickány

Talpa europaea Mol CârtiŃă Közönséges vakond

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Grote hoefijzerneus Liliacul cu nas potcoavă mare Nagy patkósdenevér

Rhinolophus hipposideros Kleine hoefijzerneus Liliacul cu nas potcoavă mic Kis patkósdenevér

Myotis bechsteinii Bechsteins vleermuis Liliacul cu urechi late Nagyfülő denevér

Myotis blythii Kleine vale vleermuis Liliacul mic cu urechi de şoarece Hegyesorrú denevér

Myotis dasycneme Meervleermuis Liliacul de iaz Tavi denevér

Myotis daubentonii Watervleermuis Liliacul de apă Vízi denevér

Myotis emarginatus Ingekorven vleermuis Liliacul cu urechi răscroite Csonkafülő denevér

Myotis myotis Vale vleermuis Liliacul mare cu urechi de şoarece Közönséges denevér

Myotis nattereri cf Franjestaart cf Liliacul lui Natterer Horgasszörő denevér

Pipistrellus pipistrellus Dwergvleermuis Liliacul pitic Közönséges törpedenevér

Pipistrellus pygmaeus Kleine dwergvleermuis Liliacul pigmeu Szoprán törpedenevér

Nyctalus leisleri Bosvleermuis Liliacul mic de amurg Szıröskarú koraidenevér

Nyctalus noctula Rosse vleermuis Liliacul de amurg Közönséges koraidenevér

Eptesicus serotinus Laatvlieger Liliacul cu aripi late Közönséges késeidenevér

Vespertilio murinus Tweekleurige vleermuis Liliacul bicolor Fehértorkú denevér

Barbastella barbastellus Mopsvleermuis Liliacul cârn Piszedenevér

Plecotus auritus Grootoorvleermuis Liliacul urecheat brun Barna hosszúfülő-denevér

Plecotus austriacus Grijze grootoorvleermuis Liliacul urecheat cenuşiu Szürke hosszúfülő-denevér

Miniopterus schreibersii Schreibers' vleermuis Liliacul cu aripi lungi Hosszúszárnyú denevér

Lepus europaeus Haas Iepure Mezei nyúl

Sciurus vulgaris Eekhoorn VeveriŃa Közönséges mókus

Myodes glareolus Rosse woelmuis Şoarecele scurmător de pădure Vöröshátú erdeipocok

Arvicola terrestris Woelrat Şobolanul de apă roşu Közönséges kószapocok

Arvicola scherman Bergwoelrat Şobolanul de apă de munte Közönséges vízipocok

Microtus arvalis/rossimeridionalis (Oostelijke) veldmuis Şoarecele (răsăritean) de câmp Mezei pocok

Microtus agrestis Aardmuis Şoarecele de pământ Csalitjáró pocok

Microtus subterraneus Ondergrondse woelmuis Şoarecele subpământean Közönséges földipocok

Micromys minutus Dwergmuis Şoarecele pitic Törpeegér

Apodemus agrarius Brandmuis Şobolanul de câmp Pirók erdeiegér

Apodemus flavicollis Grote bosmuis Şoarecele gulerat Sárganyakú erdeiegér

Apodemus sylvaticus Bosmuis Şoarecele de pădure Közönséges erdeiegér

Rattus norvegicus Bruine rat Şobolanul de casă Vándorpatkány

Mus musculus Noordelijke huismuis Şoarecele de casă Házy egér

Glis glis Relmuis Pârşul cenuşiu Nagy pele

Muscardinus avellanarius Hazelmuis Pârşul de alun Mogyorós pele

Vulpes vulpes Vos Vulpe Vörös róka

Mustela nivalis Wezel Nevăstuică Eurázsiai menyét

Mustela putorius Bunzing Dihor Közönséges görény

Martes foina Steenmarter Jderul de piatră Nyest

Meles meles Das Bursuc Eurázsiai borz

Lutra lutra Otter Vidră Közönséges vidra

Sus scrofa Wild zwijn MistreŃ Vaddisznó

Capreolus capreolus Ree Căprioară Európaiız

APPENDIX 2. PARTICIPANTS

1 Odile Schmidt 2 Joost Verbeek 3 Zsolt Hegyeli 4 Attila Kecskés 5 Stephan Boulez 6 Jan Wondergem 7 Hanne Lambrecht 8 Hans Bekker 9 Anton van Meurs

10 Raymond Haselager 11 Jan Boshamer 12 Jan Piet Bekker 13 Peter van der Linden 14 Kees Mostert 15 Jan Buys 16 Bart Noort 17 Anne-Jifke Haarsma 18 Zsani Fridrich 19 Zsófia Silye 20 Gerben Achterkamp 21 Jeroen Willemsen 22 Eric Thomassen 23 Rob Koelman 24 Rudy van der Kuil Not on this picture: 25 Joy de Wit 26 Erik Jan de Wit

Photo: Eric Thomassen

1 2

3 4

5

6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15

16

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 24

Illustration: Jeroen Willem

sen

APPENDIX 3. LETTER INDICATING OUR ACTIVITIES

APPENDIX 4. MIST NET CATCHES Mist nets were placed at the following locations (please note that the time of the first bat and the time of the last bat do NOT indicate times of catches, but the time bats were seen or heard flying around the mist nets):

LocLocLocLoc.... Location nameLocation nameLocation nameLocation name DateDateDateDate X X X X

coordinatecoordinatecoordinatecoordinate Y Y Y Y

coordinatecoordinatecoordinatecoordinate LatLatLatLatitudeitudeitudeitude LongLongLongLongitudeitudeitudeitude

Alt.Alt.Alt.Alt. (m)(m)(m)(m)

First batFirst batFirst batFirst bat Last batLast batLast batLast bat

1583 Small water North of campsite

31-7-2008 307371 598394 N 46.85735 E 022.47168 571 22h00m 22h35m

1584 Valley between camp and Roşia/Tarina

31-7-2008 299717 597928 N 46.85092 E 022.37157 378 21h20m 01h01m

1585 On the way to Roşia 1-8-2008 299760 597081 N 46.84331 E 022.37251 147 00h30m 00h30m

1586 Mineshaft on the way to Roşia

1-8-2008 299501 597694 N 46.84875 E 022.36885 352 21h25m 00h20m

1587 Mineshaft on the way to Roşia 1-8-2008 299530 597725 N 46.84903 E 022.36922 354 20h20m 00h38m

1588 Gorge near camp (river Pr. Cutilor)

2-8-2008 301558 596105 N 46.83508 E 022.39648 307 21h54m 23h11m

1589 Cave in gorge Cheile cutilor (P. Vacii)

2-8-2008 301557 596310 N 46.83692 E 022.39639 532 21h20m 00h55m

1590 Entrance mineshaft 3-8-2008 301897 597898 N 46.85129 E 022.40016 532 22h35m 04h35m

1591 Cave near camp: P/Ciur-Izbuc

3-8-2008 301897 597898 N 46.85129 E 022.40016 532 21h20m 00h38m

1592 Doline 3-8-2008 301674 597810 N 46.85044 E 022.39727 494 22h28m 00h35m

1593 Bridge Roşia 4-8-2008 300926 591102 N 46.78991 E 022.39037 235 21h24m 23h07m

1594 Fishpond Roşia 4-8-2008 301224 591860 N 46.79681 E 022.39395 240 21h45m 22h30m

1595 Cave Meziad 5-8-2008 307543 587794 N 46.76210 E 022.47837 468 21h10m 23h35m

In the following overview of the results of mist netting please note: P* Parasites P28 and P30 were taken from a male Eptesicus serotinus at location 1586, but

unfortunately no registration is kept of which parasite originates from which of the two individuals at this location.

P** According to the field notes, parasite P32 was taken from a female Myotis myotis at location 1586; however no females were registrated as a catching. Possibly P32 comes from one of the 5 males at this location.

P*** Parasites P47 and P52 were taken from a male Myotis daubentonii at location 1591, but unfortunately no registration is kept of which parasite originates from which of the two individuals at this location.

P**** Parasites P46, P49, P50 and P51 were taken from a female Myotis myotis at location 1591, but unfortunately no registration is kept of which parasite originates from which of the four female individuals at this location.

P***** Parasites P19, P20 and P21 were taken from a male Myotis daubentonii at location 1593, but unfortunately no registration is kept of which parasite originates from which of the three individuals at this location.

Location

Location

Location

Location

Species

Species

Species

Species

Time

Time

Time

Time

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction

ReRe ReRe-- -- catch

catch

catch

catch

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

1583 Myotis myotis 22:00 unknown m 59,6 31,0

1583 Nyctalus noctula 22:05 unknown f 53,7 27,0 P25




1583 Myotis myotis 22:35 unknown m 61.0 31,0 P24

1584 Myotis daubentonii 22:35 out>in m 37,2 8,5

1584 Plecotus austriacus 22:50 out>in m 40,3 9,5

1584 Eptesicus serotinus 22:50 out>in m 51,4 30,0

1584 Rhinolophus hipposideros 22:55 out>in m 39,0 5,2

1584 Barbastella barbastellus 23:25 out>in m 39,5 9,0

1584 Myotis bechsteinii 23:40 ? m 40,9 9,5

1584 Eptesicus serotinus 23:46 ? f 53,2 35,0

1584 Eptesicus serotinus 23:46 ? m 48,5 31,0

1584 Barbastella barbastellus 0:00 in>out m 38,3 8,5

1584 Eptesicus serotinus ? ? m 50,5 33,0

1584 Barbastella barbastellus ? ? m 37,3 9,0

1584 Myotis myotis 0:09 out>in m 57,5 31,0

1584 Myotis daubentonii 0:09 out>in m

1584 Myotis myotis 0:23 ? f 61,2 31,0 P23

1584 Barbastella barbastellus 0:36 ? m 37,6 8,5


1584 Myotis myotis 0:46 ? m 60,9 31,0

1584 Myotis daubentonii 0:52 ? m 36,4 8,5

1584 Myotis myotis 0:58 ? ? Escaped


1585 Myotis myotis 0:30 ? m 58.2 26,0

1586 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 21:25 out>in m 57.0 18,5

1586 Pipistrellus pipistrellus 21:30 out>in f 31.4 6,0



1586 Pipistrellus pipistrellus 21:48 out>in f 32,0 8,0

1586 Myotis daubentonii 21:49 out>in f 38,1 8,0

1586 Eptesicus serotinus 22:05 out>in m 49,1 21,0 P*

1586 Myotis myotis 22:18 out>in m 58,8 28,0 P** Ear: 25,1mm




1586 Myotis myotis 22:49 out>in m 60,1 30,0 P31

1586 Myotis myotis 22:50 out>in m 60,0 28,0 P**



1586 Eptesicus serotinus 0:15 out>in m 50,5 33,0 P*

1586 Myotis myotis 0:20 unknown m 61.0 31,0 P**

1587 Rhinolophus hipposideros 20:20 out>in m 38,2 6,2

1587 Eptesicus serotinus 23:50 out>in X m

1587 Eptesicus serotinus 23:50 out>in f 51,5 23,0 P29

Location

Location

Location

Location

Species

Species

Species

Species

Time

Time

Time

Time

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction


catch

catch

catch

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

1587 Vespertilio murinus 23:55 out>in m 42,9 15,0

1587 Myotis myotis 0:22 out>in f 63,9 33,0

1587 Myotis myotis 0:38 out>in m 60,0 31,0 P33


1588 Myotis myotis 22:44 east>west m 61,4 27,0 P27 Ear: 25,6mm


1589 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 21:20 out>in m 55,9 20,0 P38

1589 Plecotus austriacus 21:30 out>in m 38,9 7,0

1589 Myotis blythii 21:40 out>in m 57,7 29,0 Ear: 20,3mm

1589 Myotis dasycneme 21:45 out>in m 46,4 14,5


1589 Myotis daubentonii 21:55 out>in m 36,7 6,0 P40

1589 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 22:05 out>in m 55,4 21,0 P39

1589 Myotis blythii 22:15 out>in m 56,1 24,0 Ear: 20,0mm

1589 Myotis blythii 22:25 out>in f 58,7 23,0 P41 Ear: 20,4mm

1589 Eptesicus serotinus 23:15 out>in f 53,9 30,0

1589 Plecotus auritus 23:40 ? m 39,5 7,8 Juvenile

1589 Myotis myotis 23:50 ? m 61,9 27,0

1589 Myotis myotis 0:20 ? m 61,7



1589 Myotis bechsteinii 0:55 ? m 43,1 9,0 P26

1589 Myotis bechsteinii 0:55 ? m 42,8 9,5

1590 Myotis myotis 22:35 out>in m 63,0 36,0 Ear: 25,8mm

1590 Myotis myotis 22:55 out>in f 63,1 30,0 P42 Ear: 24,8mm


1590 Myotis blythii 23:55 out>in m 57,6 25,5 P43 Ear: 21,9mm

1590 Myotis bechsteinii 1:30 out>in m 43,5

1590 Myotis emarginatus 1:30 out>in m 38,3 6,5

1590 Myotis myotis 1:30 out>in m 63,0 27,0 M 25,0

1590 Myotis bechsteinii 1:30 out>in m 43,7 10,5



1590 Myotis daubentonii 3:00 out>in f 37,7 8,0

1590 Myotis bechsteinii 3:15 out>in m 42,1 8,5

1590 Myotis daubentonii 3:15 out>in f 37,5 7,0 P44


1590 Myotis bechsteinii 4:35 out>in f 42,5 8,5

1591 Myotis daubentonii 21:20 in>out m 37,0 7,2

1591 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 21:30 in>out m 56,9 22,0

1591 Myotis daubentonii 21:45 in>out m 37,3 7,4 P***

1591 Myotis daubentonii 21:50 in>out m 35,8 7,0 P***


1591 Myotis dasycneme 22:02 in>out f 48,4 16,0 P45

1591 Myotis myotis 22:09 out>in f 62,0 27,5 P34

1591 Rhinolophus hipposideros 22:16 in>out m 38,9 5,2

1591 Myotis myotis 22:30 out>in f 64,3 31,0 P****

Location

Location

Location

Location

Species

Species

Species

Species

Time

Time

Time

Time

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction


catch

catch

catch

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

Under arm

length (m

m)

We

We

We

We ight (gr)

ight (g

r)ight (g

r)ight (g

r)

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks


1591 Myotis myotis 22:50 out>in yes f


1591 Myotis emarginatus 23:20 out>in f 38,9 7,2

1591 Myotis blythii 23:25 out>in m 56,4 P48

1591 Myotis blythii 23:40 in>out m 57,3 24,4

1591 Myotis blythii 23:40 out>in m 56,1 28,0

1591 Myotis myotis 23:40 out>in m 61,2 29,5 Right wing misshaped



1591 Myotis emarginatus 0:10 in>out m 37,8 6,8


1591 Myotis myotis 0:38 out>in f 64 P****


1592 Myotis myotis 22:35 out>in f 61,5 28,5 P54



1592 Myotis myotis 0:03 in>out m 57,5 27,0

1592 Myotis myotis 22:40 out>in yes f 64,7 30,5 Also caught 03-08-2008

1592 Plecotus auritus ? m 39,9 9,2

1592 Myotis bechsteinii 0:35 ? m 42,7 10,4 P53

1593 Myotis daubentonii 21:24 out>in m 36,6 7,5 P22

1593 Myotis daubentonii 21:24 out>in m 38,4 7,0 P*****













1594 Nyctalus noctula 21:45 east>west m 52,7 30,0 P37

1594 Nyctalus noctula 22:21 east>west m 54,5 42,0 P36

1594 Nyctalus leisleri 22:30 east>west m 41,75 12,0 P35

1595 Miniopterus schreibersii 21:10 ? f 45,3 13,2 P01


1595 Miniopterus schreibersii 21:20 ? f 43,8 12,4


1595 Miniopterus schreibersii 21:27 ? m 45,0 12,0 P04




Location

Location

Location

Location

Species

Species

Species

Species

Time

Time

Time

Time

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction

Flight direction


catch

catch

catch

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Sexe

Under arm

length

Under arm

length

Under arm

length

Under arm

length (m

m)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Weight (gr)

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Parasites

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks

Remarks





1595 Miniopterus schreibersii 21:55 ? m 45,8 14,2



1595 Miniopterus schreibersii 22:00 ? f 44,8 13,6 P11 Juvenile




1595 Miniopterus schreibersii 22:15 ? m 46,1 13,0 P15 Juvenile




1595 Myotis blythii 22:30 ? m 58,2 29,0

1595 Pipistrellus pipistrellus 22:45 ? f 32,0 5,5

1595 Pipistrellus pipistrellus 22:54 ? f 32,1 5,4


1595 Pipistrellus pipistrellus 23:25 ? m 31,6 4,8


APPENDIX 5. BAT PARASITES Parasites were collected from the bats that were caught in mist nets. The parasites were kept in 75% alcohol in small Eppendorf cups and were sent to Dr. Jan Kristufik of the Zoological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, who kindly established the species of the parasites.

SpeciesSpeciesSpeciesSpecies # Different # Different # Different # Different

batsbatsbatsbats # Parasites # Parasites # Parasites # Parasites collectedcollectedcollectedcollected

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum 2 2

Myotis daubentonii 8 12

Myotis dasycneme 1 2

Myotis bechsteinii 2 6

Myotis blythi 3 9

Myotis myotis 13 52

Eptesicus serotinus 2 2

Nyctalus noctula 3 5

Nyctalus leisleri 1 2

Miniopterus schreibersii 17 33 A total of 125 parasites (including nymphs and larvae) was collected from 52 different bats. In the tables below, N means Nymph(s): the gender of the Nymphs is unknown. ORDER MESOSTIGMATAORDER MESOSTIGMATAORDER MESOSTIGMATAORDER MESOSTIGMATA

SampleSampleSampleSample ParasiteParasiteParasiteParasite Number aNumber aNumber aNumber and nd nd nd

gendergendergendergender BatBatBatBat----speciesspeciesspeciesspecies Bat GenderBat GenderBat GenderBat Gender

Location mist Location mist Location mist Location mist netnetnetnet

P 37 Steatonyssus spinosus 1♀ Nyctalus noctula ♂ 1594 FAMILY NYCTERIBIDAEFAMILY NYCTERIBIDAEFAMILY NYCTERIBIDAEFAMILY NYCTERIBIDAE

SampleSampleSampleSample ParasiteParasiteParasiteParasite Number and Number and Number and Number and


Location Location Location Location mmmmist ist ist ist netnetnetnet

P 26 Basilia nana 2♂♂ 1♀ Myotis bechsteinii ♂ 1589

P 04 Nycteribia schmidlii 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♂ 1595

P 23 Nycteribidia latreillii 1♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1584

P 27 Nycteribidia latreillii 2♂♂ Myotis myotis ♂ 1588

P 32 Nycteribidia latreillii 2♂♂ 1♀ Myotis myotis ? 1586

P 42 Nycteribidia latreillii 1 ♂ Myotis myotis ♀ 1590

P 48 Nycteribidia latreillii 1♂ 1♀ Myotis blythi ♂ 1591

P 50 Nycteribidia latreillii 1 ♂ Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

P 54 Nycteribidia latreillii 1♂ 1♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1592

P 01 Penicillidia conspicua 1 ♂ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 04 Penicillidia conspicua 1 ♂ Miniopterus schreibersii ♂ 1595

P 05 Penicillidia conspicua 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♂ 1595

P 13 Penicillidia conspicua 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♂ 1595

P 03 Penicillidia dufourii 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 23 Penicillidia dufourii 1 ♂ Myotis myotis ♀ 1584

P 24 Penicillidia dufourii 1 ♂ Myotis myotis ♂ 1583

P 27 Penicillidia dufourii 2♂♂ 1♀ Myotis myotis ♂ 1588

P 32 Penicillidia dufourii 1 ♂ Myotis myotis ? 1586

P 41 Penicillidia dufourii 2 ♀♀ Myotis blythi ♀ 1589

P 42 Penicillidia dufourii 1 ♂ Myotis myotis ♀ 1590

P 46 Penicillidia dufourii 1♂ 1♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

P 49 Penicillidia dufourii 2♂♂ 3♀♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

P 50 Penicillidia dufourii 1♂ 3♀♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

P 51 Penicillidia dufourii 2♂♂ 2♀♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

FAMILY SPINTURNICIDAEFAMILY SPINTURNICIDAEFAMILY SPINTURNICIDAEFAMILY SPINTURNICIDAE

SampleSampleSampleSample PaPaPaParasiterasiterasiterasite Number and Number and Number and Number and



P 38 Eyndhovenia sp. 1♀ Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ♂ 1589

P 39 Eyndhovenia sp. ? Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ♂ 1589

P 29 Spinturnix acuminatus 1 ♂ Eptesicus serotinus ♀ 1587

P 30 Spinturnix acuminatus 1 ♂ Eptesicus serotinus ♂ 1586

P 36 Spinturnix acuminatus 1♀ Nyctalus noctula ♂ 1594

P 19 Spinturnix andegavinus 1♂ 1♀ Myotis daubentonii ♂ 1593

P 20 Spinturnix andegavinus 1♀ 1N Myotis daubentonii ♂ 1593

P 21 Spinturnix andegavinus 1♀ Myotis daubentonii ♂ 1593

P 22 Spinturnix andegavinus 1 ♂ Myotis daubentonii ♂ 1593


P 44 Spinturnix andegavinus 2♂♂ Myotis daubentonii ♀ 1590

P 47 Spinturnix andegavinus 1♀ 1N Myotis daubentonii ♂ 1591


P 45 Spinturnix dasycnemi 2 ♀♀ Myotis dasycneme ♀ 1591

P 35 Spinturnix helvetiae 2♂♂ Nyctalus leisleri ♂ 1594

P 23 Spinturnix myoti 2 ♀♀ 1N Myotis myotis ♀ 1584

P 23 Spinturnix myoti 1 N Myotis myotis ♀ 1584

P 25 Spinturnix myoti 2♂♂ 1♀ Nyctalus noctula ♀ 1583

P 31 Spinturnix myoti 1 ♂ Myotis myotis ♂ 1586

P 32 Spinturnix myoti 1♂ 2♀♀ Myotis myotis ? 1586

P 33 Spinturnix myoti 1♂ 1♀ Myotis myotis ♂ 1587

P 34 Spinturnix myoti 2 ♀♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

P 41 Spinturnix myoti 1♂ 1♀ 1N Myotis blythi ♀ 1589

P 43 Spinturnix myoti 1♀ 1N Myotis blythi ♂ 1590

P 49 Spinturnix myoti 1♀ 2Ns Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

P 51 Spinturnix myoti 1♂ 1♀ Myotis myotis ♀ 1591

P 54 Spinturnix myoti 2 ♀♀ 1N Myotis myotis ♀ 1592

P 07 Spinturnix psi 1♂ 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595


P 09 Spinturnix psi 1 N Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 10 Spinturnix psi 4♂♂ 2♀♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 11 Spinturnix psi 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595


P 12 Spinturnix psi 2 ♀♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 14 Spinturnix psi 2♂♂ 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 15 Spinturnix psi 1 ♂ Miniopterus schreibersii ♂ 1595

P 16 Spinturnix psi 2 ♀♀ 1N Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 17 Spinturnix psi 1♀ Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 18 Spinturnix psi 1 ♂ Miniopterus schreibersii ♂ 1595

FAMILY IXODIDAEFAMILY IXODIDAEFAMILY IXODIDAEFAMILY IXODIDAE

SampleSampleSampleSample ParasiteParasiteParasiteParasite NuNuNuNumber and mber and mber and mber and



P 02 Ixodes simplex 1 N Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 03 Ixodes simplex 1 N Miniopterus schreibersii ♀ 1595

P 53 Ixodes vespertilionis 3 larvae Myotis bechsteinii ♂ 1592

APPENDIX 6.

DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN SOME SMALL MAMMAL SKULLS

Sorex alpinus (until now not found in Romania): coronoïdheight: < 4,3 mm; U1 has two spikes (and five unicuspids at each upperside). Neomys anomalus also has a coronoïdheight < 4,3 mm and four unicuspids at each upperside; if a Neomys spec. has a coronoïdheight > 4,6 than the species is determined as Neomys fodiens. Outcomes of measurements in between must be determined by comparison of other skull elements Microtus levis and Microtus arvalis only recently could be separated. Markov et al. (2009) described the possibility to distinguish the two species based on skull measurements. The formula used is:

K = 3.026 * a + 2.811 * b – 0.470 * c – 2.281 * d – 20.365 While a = skull height between the auditory bullae; b = the alveolair length of the upper molar row; c = the zygomatic breadth and d = the length of the foramen incisivum. If K is close to – 1,135, then the specimen is most probabile M. arvalis; when K is close to 1,977, then the specimen is most probabile. Absolute inclusion or exlusion of the two species is not possible; when more skulls have been measured, then the probability rises. Correct classifications of karyological determined specimens is 97,8%; at the other hand cross validation shows that 3,4% of the investigated M. arvalis were classified incorrectly. Unfortunately, skull remains in owl pellet material only sometimes shows skulls of Microtidae in which a correct measurement of the skull height (a) can be performed. In Apodemus agrarius the skull displays a remarkable ridge (see figure 1 leftside); M2 buccal side: missing knob (t3) (see figure 1 rightside).

Figure 1. Apodemus agrarius: skull left and molar rows (upper molar row: c) (after Niethammer & Krap, 1978).

Figure 2. Mandible Apodemus agrarius (c): the processus angularis is short (after Niethammer & Krap, 1978).

In A. flavicollis large mandibles, longer than 15.5 mm or upper incisors thicker than 1.4 mm could be ascribed to this species. Measurement of specimens with a mandible length in between 13 and 14 mm and an incisor thickness less than 1.4 mm and also the skull not displaying a ridge as in A. agrarius, were assigned to A. sylvaticus. In A. uralensis the foramen incisivum is < 5 mm. The mandible is most under 13 mm (although some exceptions exists). The upper toothrow is mostly < 3,6 mm; however there is an overlap with A. sylvaticus.

APPENDIX 7. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL & CONSERVATION STATUS (after Mitchell-Jones e.a. 1999)

Scientific nameScientific nameScientific nameScientific name

Habitats Habitats Habitats Habitats DirectiveDirectiveDirectiveDirective

BernBernBernBern

BonnBonnBonnBonn

CITES I, II &CITES I, II &CITES I, II &CITES I, II & EC 338/97EC 338/97EC 338/97EC 338/97

IUCNIUCNIUCNIUCN

Erinaceus concolor Sorex araneus III Sorex minutus III Neomys anomalus III Crocidura leucodon III Crocidura suaveolens III Talpa europaea Rhinolophus ferrumequinum II/IV II II LR-cd Rhinolophus hipposideros II/IV II II VU Myotis bechsteinii III/IV II II VU Myotis blythii III/IV II II Myotis dasycneme II/IV II II VU Myotis daubentonii IV II II Myotis emarginatus II/IV II II VU Myotis myotis II/IV II II LR-nt Myotis nattereri cf IV II II Pipistrellus pipistrellus IV III II Pipistrellus pygmaeus IV II II Nyctalus leisleri IV II II LR-nt Nyctalus noctula IV II II Eptesicus serotinus IV II II Vespertilio murinus IV II II Barbastella barbastellus II/IV II II VU Plecotus auritus IV II II Plecotus austriacus IV II II Miniopterus schreibersii II/IV II II Lepus europaeus III Sciurus vulgaris III LR-nt Myodes glareolus Arvicola terrestris Arvicola scherman ? ? ? ? ? Microtus arvalis/rossiaemeridionalis Microtus agrestis Microtus subterraneus Micromys minutus LR-nt Apodemus agrarius Apodemus flavicollis Apodemus sylvaticus Rattus norvegicus Mus musculus Glis glis III LR-nt Muscardinus avellanarius IV III LR-nt Vulpes vulpes Mustela nivalis Mustela putorius III Martes foina III Meles meles III Lutra lutra II/IV II I Sus scrofa Capreolus capreolus III

HABITATS DIRECTIVE:HABITATS DIRECTIVE:HABITATS DIRECTIVE:HABITATS DIRECTIVE: Council Directive (92/43/AEEC) on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, as amended aftercthe accession of Austria, Sweden and Finland. http://www.ecnc.nl/doc/europe/legislat/habidire.html − Annex II: Animal and plant species of Community interest whose conservation requires the designation of

special areas of conservation; − Annex III: Animal and plant species of Community interest in need of strict protection; − Annex IV: Animal and plant species of Community interest whose taking in the wild and exploitation may

be subject to management measures. BERN:BERN:BERN:BERN: Convention on the Conservation of Natural habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. Annexes as amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1997. URL http://www.ecnc.nl/doc/europe/legislat/bernconv.html − Appendix II: Strictly protected species; − Appendix III: Protected species. BONN: BONN: BONN: BONN: Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Annexes as amended by the Standing Committee in 1997. http://www.wcmc.org.uk/CMS/ − Appendix I: Endangered migratory species. − Appendix II: Migratory species to be subjected to agreements.

The following agreements have been concluded under Appendix II: - Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea. - Agreement on the Conservation of Bats in Europe. - Agreement on the Conservation of Ceteceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous

Atlantic Area. - Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea. - Agreement on the Conservation of Small Ceteceans of the Baltic and North Seas.

CITES:CITES:CITES:CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Annexes as amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1997. http://www.wcmc.org.uk/CITES/ENGLISH/APPENDIC.htm − Appendix I contains species that the Parties have deemed to be threatened with extinction and which are,

or may be, affected by trade/ − Appendix II contains species that, although not necessary threatened, could become so if their trade is

not properly controlled. Appendix II also contains some species that look so similar to species already listed that their trade is monitored and regulated in order to make control easier.

− (Appendix III does not mention European states). EC 338/97:EC 338/97:EC 338/97:EC 338/97: Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein. http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/en_397R0939.html − Annex A: species which are listed in Appendix I of CITES for which EC Member States have not entered a

reservation or which are considered by the EC to be threatened by international trade. − Annex B: species which are listed in Appendix II of CITES or are in Appendix I but subject to reservation

by Member States or which are considered by the EC to require their international trade to be controlled. IUCN:IUCN:IUCN:IUCN: 19961UCN Red List of Threatened Animals (Baillie & Groombridge, 1996). http://www.wcmc.org.uk/species/animals/index.html. Compiled for Europe (excluding the categories “Lower Risk near threatened” and “Lower Risk – conservation dependent”) in the European Red Data Book (WCMC, in press). CR: Critically endangered; EN: Endangered; VU: Vulnerable; LR-nt: Lower Risk-near threatened; LR-cd: Lower Risk-conservation dependent; dd: data deficient.

APPENDIX 8. RECORDINGS OF OTHER TAXONOMIC GROUPS BIRDSBIRDSBIRDSBIRDS

Dutch nameDutch nameDutch nameDutch name English nameEnglish nameEnglish nameEnglish name Scientific nameScientific nameScientific nameScientific name

Geoorde fuut Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis

Ooievaar White Stork Ciconia ciconia

Zwarte ooievaar Black Stork Ciconia nigra

Blauwe reiger Grey Heron Adrea cinerea

Kleine zilverreiger Little Egret Egretta garzetta

Wilde eend Mallard Anas platyrhynchos

Buizerd Common Buzzard Buteo buteo

Wespendief Honey Buzzard Pernis apivrous

Havik Northern Goshawk Accipter gentilis

Sperwer Eurasian Sparrow-hawk Acciptter nisus

Torenvalk Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus

Boomvalk Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo

Kwartel Common Quail Coturnix coturnix

Patrijs Grey Partridge Perdix perdix

Fazant Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus

Kievit Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus

Oeverloper Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleocus

Witgatje Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus

Geelpootmeeuw Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis

Kokmeeuw Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus

Houtduif Wood Pigeon Columba oenas

Rotsduif Rock dove Columba livia

Turkse tortel Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto

Zomertortel Europian Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur

Koekoek Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus

Kerkuil Barn Owl Tyto alba

Ransuil Long-eared Owl Asio otus

Bosuil Tawny Owl Strix aluco

Dwergooruil Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops

Steenuil Little Owl Athene noctula

Nachtzwaluw European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus

IJsvogel Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis

Bijeneter Europian Bee-eater Merops apiaster

Groene specht European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis

Grote bonte specht Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major

Syrische bonte specht Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus

Middelste bonte specht Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius

Kleine bonte specht Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor

Draaihals Wryneck Jynx torquilla

Veldleeuwerik Sky Lark Alauda arvensis

Kuifleeuwerik Crested Lark Galerida cristata

Boompieper Tree Pipit Anthus trivalis

Witte kwikstaart White Wagtail Motacilla alba

Gele kwikstaart Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava


Grote gele kwikstaart Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinera

Boerenzwaluw Eurasian Swallow Hirundo rustica

Huiszwaluw House Martin Delichon urbica

Oeverzwaluw Sand Martin Riparia riparia

Waterspreeuw White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus

Winterkoning Wren Troglodytes troglodytes

Roodborst Europian Robin Erithacus rubecula

Merel Common Blackbird Turdus merula

Zanglijster Song Thrush Turdus philomelos

Grote lijster Mistle Trush Turdus viscivorus

Tapuit Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe

Roodborsttapuit European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola

Paapje Whinchat Saxicola rubetra

Gekraagde roodstaart Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Zwarte roodstaart Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros

Zwartkop Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla

Tuinfluiter Garden Warbler Sylvia borin

Tjiftjaf Common Chiffchaf Phylloscopus collybita

Fitis Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus

Spotvogel Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina

Braamsluiper Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca

Glanskop Marsh Tit Parus palustris

Matkop Willow Tit Parus montanus

Pimpelmees Blue Tit Parus caeruleus

Koolmees Great Tit Parus major

Boomklever Europian Nuthatch Sitta europaea

Boomkruiper Eurasian Treeceeper Certhia familiaris

Grauwe klauwier Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio

Kleine klapekster Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor

Wielewaal Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus

Spreeuw Starling Sturnus vulgaris

Gaai Jay Garrulus glandarius

Kauw Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus monedula

Ekster Magpie Pica pica

Bonte kraai Carrion Crow Corvus cornix

Roek Rook Corvus frugilegus

Raaf Common Raven Corvus corax

Huismus House Sparrow Passer domesticus

Ringmus Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

Vink Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

Europese kanarie Europian Serin Serinus serinus

Groenling Eurasian Greenfinch Carduelis chloris

Putter Europian Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis

Kneu Eurasian Twite Carduelis flavirostris

Geelgors Yellow Hammer Emberiza citrinella

REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANSREPTILES AND AMPHIBIANSREPTILES AND AMPHIBIANSREPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS


Vuursalamander Fire Salamander Salamandra salamandra

Kamsalamander Northern Crested Newt Triturus cristatus

Geelbuikvuurpad Yellow-bellied Toad Bombina variegata

Gewone pad Common Toad Bufo bufo

Boomkikker Common Tree Frog Hyla arborea

Meerkikker Marsh Frog Rana ridibunda

Groene kikker Edible Frog Rana esculenta cf.

Bruine kikker Common Frog Rana temporaria

Springkikker Agile Frog Rana dalmatina

Levendbarende hagedis Viviparous Lizard Lacerta vivipara

Zandhagedis Sand Lizard Lacerta agilis

Smaragdhagedis Green Lizard Lacerta viridis

Muurhagedis Common Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis

Hazelworm Slow Worm Anguis fragilis

Ringslang Grass Snake Natrix natrix

Gladde slang Smooth Snake Coronella austriaca

BUTTERFLIESBUTTERFLIESBUTTERFLIESBUTTERFLIES


Koninginnepage Swallowtail Papilio machaon

Koningspage Scarce Swallowtail Iphiclides podalirius

Klein koolwitje Small White Pieris rapae

Klein geaderd witje Green-veined White Pieris napi

Groot koolwitje Large White Pieris brassicae

Oostelijk resedawitje Bath White Pontia edusa

Citroenvlinder Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni

Gele luzernevlinder Pale clouded Yellow Colias hyale

Zuidelijke luzernevlinder Berger’s Clouded Yellow Colias alfacariensis

Oranje luzernevlinder Clouded Yellow Colias croceus

Boswitje Wood White Leptidea sinapis

Kleine vuurvlinder Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas

Morgenrood Scarce Copper Lycaena phlaeas

Bruine vuurvlinder Scooty Copper Lycaena tityrus

Boomblauwtje Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus

Heideblauwtje Silver Studded Blue Plebeius argus

Staartblauwtje Short-tailed Blue Cudipo argiades

Dwergblauwtje Small Blue Cupido minimus

Kroonkruidblauwtje Reverdin’s Blue Plebeius argyrognomon

Bleek blauwtje Chalk-hill Blue Polyommatus coridon

Icarusblauwtje Common Blue Polyommatus icarus

Adonisblauwtje Adonis Blue Polyommatus bellargus

Bruin blauwtje Brown Argus Aricia agestis

Sleutelbloemvlinder Duke Hamearis lucina

Lathyruszwever Common Glider Neptis sappho

Landkaartje Map Araschnia levana

Atalanta Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta


Distelvinder Painted Lady Vanessa cardui

Kleine vos Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae

Dagpauwoog Peacock Inachis io

Gehakkelde aurelia Comma Polygonia c-album

Kardinaalsmantel Cardinal Argynnis pandora

Keizersmantel Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia

Grote parelmoervlinder Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja

Adippevlinder High Brown Fritillary Argynnis adippe

Braamparelmoervlinder Marbled Fritillary Brenthis daphne

Zilveren maan Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria selene

Kleine parelmoervlinder Queen Issoria lathonia

Woudparelmoervlinder False Heath Fritillary Melitaea diamina

Akkerparelmoervlinder Weaver’s Fritillary Boloria dia

Bosparelmoervlinder Heath Fritillary Melitaea athalia

Dambordje Marbled White Melanargia galathea

Witbandzandoog Great Banded Grayling Brintesia circe

Grote boswachter Woodland Grayling Hipparchia fagi

Heivlinder Grayling Hipparchia semele

Erebia spec. Erebia sp. Erebia spec.

Rotsvlinder Lagre Wall Brown Lasiommata maera

Bruine zandoog Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina

Oranje zandoog Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus

Koevinkje Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus

Hooibeestje Small Heath Coenonympha pampilus

Bont zandoogje Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria

Aardbeivlinder Grizzled Skipper Pyrgus malvae

Bruin dikkopje Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages

Kommavlinder Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma

Groot dikkopje Large Grizzled Skipper Ochlodes venata

Voorjaarspikkeldikkopje Olive Skipper Pyrgus serratulae

BUTTERFLY SPECIES WITH UNCERTAIN IDENTIFICATION BUTTERFLY SPECIES WITH UNCERTAIN IDENTIFICATION BUTTERFLY SPECIES WITH UNCERTAIN IDENTIFICATION BUTTERFLY SPECIES WITH UNCERTAIN IDENTIFICATION


Oostelijk saffierblauwtje Zephyr Blue Plebeius pylaon

Oostelijk tijmblauwtje Easthern Baton Blue Pseudophilates vicrama

Steppeparelmoervlinder Nickerl’s Fritillary Melitaea aurelia

Vals bruin blauwtje Northern Brown Argus Aricia artaxerxes

DIURNALLY ACTIVE NOCTURNAL BUTTERFLIESDIURNALLY ACTIVE NOCTURNAL BUTTERFLIESDIURNALLY ACTIVE NOCTURNAL BUTTERFLIESDIURNALLY ACTIVE NOCTURNAL BUTTERFLIES


Kolibrievlinder Hummingbird Hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum

Lindepijlstaart Lime Hawk-moth Mimas tiliae

Spaanse Vlag Spanish Flag Euplagia quadripunctaria

DRAGONFLIESDRAGONFLIESDRAGONFLIESDRAGONFLIES


Bosbeekjuffer Beautiful Demoiselle Calopteryx virgo

Weidebeekjuffer Banded Demoiselle Calopteryx splendens

Blauwe Breedscheenjuffer White-legged Damselfly Platycnemis pennipes

Watersnuffel Common Blue Damselfy Enallagma cyathigerum

Azuurwaterjuffer Azure Damselfly Coenagrion puella

Lantaarntje Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura elegans

Tengere grasjuffer Small Blue-tail Ischnura pumilio

Paardenbijter Migrant Hawker Aeshna mixta

Zuidelijke glazenmaker Southern Migrant Hawker Aeshna affinis

Blauwe glazenmaker Blue Hawker Aeshna cyanea

Grote keizerlibel Emperor Dragonfly Anax imperator

Kleine tanglibel Green-eyed Club-tail Onychogomphus forcipatus

Platbuik Broad-bodied Chaser Libellula depressa

Viervlek Four-spotted Chaser Libellula quadrimaculata

Gewone oeverlibel Black-tailed Skimmer Libellula cancellatum

Witpuntoeverlibel White-tailed Skimmer Orthetrum albistylum

Zuidelijke oeverlibel Southern Skimmer Orthetrum brunneum

Metaalglanslibel Brilliant Emerald Somatochlora metalica

Bloedrode heidelibel Ruddy Darter Sympetrum sanquineum

Bruinrode heidelibel Common Darter Sympetrum striolatum

Zuidelijke bronlibel cf. Sombre Goldenring Cordulegaster bidentata

GRASSHOPPERSGRASSHOPPERSGRASSHOPPERSGRASSHOPPERS


Gewoon spitskopje Short-winged Cone-head Conocephalus dorsalis

Grote groene sabelsprinkhaan Great Green Bush-cricket Tettigonia viridissima

Wrattenbijter Wart-biter Decticus verrucivorus

Greppelsprinkhaan Roesel's Bush-cricket Metrioptera roeselii

Bramensprinkhaan Dark Bush-cricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera

Zwarte bramensprinkhaan Black Bush-cricket Pholidoptera …

Veldkrekel Field-cricket Gryllus campestris

Wijnhaantje Italian Cricket Oecanthus pellucens

Klappersprinkhaan Rattle Grasshopper Psophus stridulus

Blauwvleugelsprinkhaan Blue-winged Grasshopper Oedipoda caeruescens

Kiezelsprinkhaan Blue-winged Locust Sphingonotus caerulans

Kleine gouden sprinkhaan Small Gold Grasshopper Euthystira brachyptera

Wekkertje Common Green grasshopper Omocestus viridulus

Negertje Woodland Grasshopper Omocestus rufipes

Bruine sprinkhaan Field Grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus

Ratelaar Bow-winged Grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus

Krasser Meadow Grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus

Snortikker Feeble Grasshopper Chorthippus mollis

Krasser Meadow Grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus

Grote bergsprinkhaan Large Banded Grasshopper Arcyptera fusca

OTHER GROUPSOTHER GROUPSOTHER GROUPSOTHER GROUPS


Inktviszwam Devil’s Fingers Clathrus archeri

Steenkreeft Stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium

Documents

TRANSYLVANIA – ROMANIA