TRAVERSE GROUP - PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT

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PHASE II u

ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT

FORMER CROWN VANTAGE PROPERTYPARCHMENT, MICHIGAN

August 27, 2001

E

RECEIVED

APR - 8 2002

:RD - KALAMAZOO

The Traverse Group3772 Plaza DriveAnn Arbor, Michigan 48108(734) 747-9301

^v=THE•niRAV•I! •GROUP

PHASE IIESA REPORTFORMER CROWN VANTAGE PROPERTYPARCHMENT, MICHIGAN

4.2.15 3-1-28 3-64 Paint Shop ........................................................................................ 224.2.16 1-1X-37 P-20 and P-21 ........................................................................................ 234.2.16 l-X-39 P-l 18........................................................................................................244.2.17 l-X-40 South of Room 1-9 and West of Room 1-40...........................................244.2.18 l-X-41 and l-X-38 Exterior of Mill 1.................................................................. 254.2.19 Junk Yard..............................................................................................................254.2.20 W-B-49 WWTP Basement................................................................................... 264.2.21 QA/QC Program.................................................................................................... 26DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS............................................................................. 285.0

6.05.1 Exposure Pathway Analysis.................................................................................. 28REFERENCES.................................................................................................................. 29

LIST OF EXHIBITS

TABLES

Table 1 Summary of Recognized Environmental ConditionsTable 2 Soil Boring Locations and Samples SubmittedTable 3a Evaluation of Relevant Soil PathwaysTable 3b Evaluation of Relevant Ground Water PathwaysTable 4a Summary of Soil Sample Analyses (PNAs, Michigan 10 Metals, and Alcohols)Table 4b Summary of Soil Sample Analyses (VOCs)Table 5a Summary of Ground Water Sample Analyses (PNAs, Michigan 10 Metals, and

Alcohols)Table 5b Summary of Ground Water Sample Analyses (VOCs)Table 6 Field Hydrogeologic Measurements

FIGURES

Figure 1Figure 2Figure 2aFigure 2bFigure 2c

Site Location and Topographic MapSite SketchMill 2, Enginehouse, and PowerhouseMill 1Administration Buildings, Plant 3 and Garages

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PHASE II ESA REPORTFORMER CROWN VANTAGE PROPERTYPARCHMENT, MICHIGAN

APPENDICES

Appendix A Summary of Previous InvestigationsAppendix B Summary of Ground Penetrating Radar SurveyAppendix C Field Standard Operating ProceduresAppendix D Boring/Well LogsAppendix E Determination of Groundwater FlowAppendix F Laboratory Analytical Results and Chain-of-Custody Forms

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PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORTFORMER CROWN VANTAGE PROPERTYPARCHMENT, MICHIGANTABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................................................!

1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 11.1 Site Description....................................................................................................... 11.2 Summary of Previous Investigations ......................................................................21.3 Phase IIESA Objectives.........................................................................................3

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT FIELD INVESTIGATION METHODS...... 3

2.1 Geophysical Survey................................................................................................. 42.2 Geoprobe® Drilling and Soil Sampling................................................................... 42.3 Hand Auger Drilling and Soil Sampling................................................................. 52.4 Temporary Monitor Well Installation..................................................................... 62.5 Ground Water Sampling.......................................................................................... 72.6 Quality Control Program/Decontamination Procedures ......................................... 72.7 Deviations from Investigation Work Plan............................................................... 8

3.0 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE ........................................................... 8

3.1 Regional Geology....................................................................................................93.2 Local Geology.........................................................................................................93.3 Hydrology................................................................................................................ 93.4 Hydro geology........................................................................................................ 10

4.0 INVESTIGATIVE AND ANALYTICAL FINDINGS .................................................... 104.1 Risk-Based Screening Levels................................................................................ 114.2 Soil and Ground Water Results by Area............................................................... 124.2.1 2-X-7 Mill 2 Exterior on Ground at Dock 16 and 12........................................... 134.2.2 2-X-8 Mill 2 Exterior on Ground at Dock 57....................................................... 144.2.3 2-X-9 Mill 2 Exterior Trash Compactor Area at Dock 60................................... 144.2.4 2-X-10 Mill 2 Exterior Unloading Area at Dock 61........................................... 154.2.5 2-1-11 and P-G-19 North of Powerhouse and East of Mill 2 Wood and Brick

Storage Building.................................................................................................... 164.2.6 2-X-13 "Tank Farm" Suspected to be South of Powerhouse and East of Mill 2. 174.2.7 P-GB-15 and P-B-16 Powerhouse Basement....................................................... 184.2.8 P-X-20 Coal and Ash Pits and Large ASTs........................................................ 194.2.9 EH-1-22 Engine House ........................................................................................ 204.2.10 3-1B-23 Room 3-119, Roll Grinding Room ........................................................ 204.2.11 3-1-24 3-61-A Central Machine Shop.................................................................. 204.2.12 3-1-25 3-58 Pipe Shop.......................................................................................... 214.2.13 3-1-26 3-59 Storage Garage................................................................................. 214.2.14 3-1-27 3-76 Large Parts Storage Garage.............................................................. 22

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PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORTFORMER CROWN VANTAGE PROPERTYPARCHMENT, MICHIGAN

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Traverse Group completed a Phase n Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) to facilitate a

Category S Baseline Environmental Assessment (BEA) for a property known as the Former

Crown Vantage Property located within the City of Parchment, Kalamazoo County, Michigan.The Former Crown Vantage Property is herein referred to as the subject property.

The objective of the Phase n ESA was to investigate and characterize soil and ground water in

areas identified as Recognized Environmental Concerns (RECs) by the Phase I ESA completed

for the subject property in April 2001. In order to accomplish the objective of the Phase n ESA,

46 Geoprobe® soil borings were completed to depths ranging from 16 to 20 feet below grade.Ground water samples were collected from a mill-slotted screen or 1-inch diameter temporary

monitor well constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In addition, 3 soil samples were collected

from hand auger borings at locations that a Geoprobe® rig could not access. A total of 49 soil

samples and 50 ground water samples were submitted for laboratory analysis as part of the PhaseHESA.

Results of the Phase n ESA indicated the following:

• Ground water was encountered (and samples collected) at depths ranging from 16 to 20

feet below grade. This investigation and previous investigations have indicated that local

ground water flows approximately to the west.

• Soil has not been impacted by contaminant concentrations above the applicable generic

risk-based screening levels except near REC 2-1-11, P-G-19, 2-X-7, 2-X-9, and P-X-20.Specifically, selenium, fluoranthene, fluorine, naphthalene, phenanthrene, chromium, and

xylenes soil sample results were above the Generic Ground Water Surface WaterInterface (GSI) Protection Criteria.

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Phase II ESA Report - Executive Summary Page nFormer Crown Vantage Property - Parchment. Michigan____________ ____________July 6. 2001

• Ground water has not been impacted by contaminant concentrations above the applicable

generic risk-based screening levels except near REC 2-1-11, P-G-19, 2-X-8, 2-X-9, P-

GB-15, P-B-16, P-X-20, EH-1-22, 3-1-25, 3-1-27, and the junk yard. Specifically,

fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, mercury,

selenium, chromium, and 2-methylnaphthalene ground water sample results were above

the Generic GSI Criteria.

An exposure pathway evaluation was performed as part of the Phase n ESA and is

summarized in tabular format (Table 3). Soil and ground water sample results exceedgeneric cleanup criteria for only GSI criteria. Analytical results from locations down-

gradient of these exceedances indicate concentrations of these compounds below the Generic

GSI criteria. In addition, because the GSI pathway at the subject property does not involve a

human receptor, it will not be considered in the due care evaluation of the current and futureproperty owners. Based on these results, the current and future property owners will satisfytheir due care obligations with no further remedial activity.

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PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORTFORMER CROWN VANTAGE PROPERTYPARCHMENT, MICHIGAN

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Traverse Group completed a Phase n Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) to facilitate the

completion of a Category S Baseline Environmental Assessment (BEA) for a property known as

the Former Crown Vantage Property located within the City of Parchment, Kalamazoo County.

Michigan. A site location map is provided in Figure 1. The Former Crown Vantage Property is

herein referred to as the subject property. This report presents the results of the Phase n ESA for

the subject property completed to investigate the areas identified as Recognized Environmental

Concerns (RECs) in the Phase I ESA for the subject property. The following sections describe

the physical features of the subject property and summarize the findings of previousinvestigations.

1.1 Site Description

The Former Crown Vantage Property consists of a parcel totaling 83.10 acres that includes

approximately 18 buildings at the location shown in Figure 2. The subject property is locatedsouth of "G" Avenue, between Riverview Drive to the east, and Flamm Avenue and an

abandoned Right-of-Way (ROW) to the west, and is north of Commerce Lane. The subject

property consists of 18 separate buildings that include idle factory buildings, garages,

storehouses, a power plant, an administration building, a training/conference building, and

loading/unloading buildings (see Figure 2). The property also has several parking lots and

vacant land and is characterized by relatively flat terrain. A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)is located to the south of "G" Avenue, west of the former New York Railroad ROW, and east ofthe Kalamazoo River.

Starting with the north half of the subject property, the first building, herein referred to as Mill 2,is located south of "G" Avenue, and north of the buildings comprising Plant 3. The second set of

buildings, herein referred to as Plant 3, is located south of Mill 2, and north of Hercules Avenue.

The third set of buildings, herein referred to as the administration building, QIC building, and

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Phase II ESA Report Page 2'"Former Crown Vantage Property - Parchment. Michigan___________________________ July 6, 2001

large parts storage garage, is located east of Plant 3 and the C. K. & S. Railroad, and west of

Riverside Drive. The fourth building located northwest of Mill 2 is the WWTP. The south half

of the subject property, south of Hercules Avenue and north of Commerce Lane, between

Riverside Drive and the C.K. & S. Railroad, is herein referred to as Mill 1 and associated support

buildings.

The land use north of "G" Avenue consists of mixed-use residential, commercial, and industrial.

To the east of the subject property are mixed-use industrial, commercial and residential areas.

The Georgia Pacific Paper Company, Hercules Chemical Manufacturer, and the Kalamazoo

River adjoin the subject property to the west. The New York Railroad runs north - south along

the west side of the subject property, the C.K. & S. Railroad runs north to south along the east

side of the subject property, and each has several railroad sidings onto the subject property. City

Hall adjoins the subject property to the south, the Kalamazoo River is adjoining to the west.

The United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map, 7.5

Minute Series, produced in 1967 and photorevised in 1973, indicates that the subject propertylies within Section 3, Township 2 South, Range 11 West of the Kalamazoo Michigan Quadrangle

(Figure 1). The subject property is characterized by a low degree of topographic relief with an

elevation of approximately 770 feet above mean sea level.

1.2 Summary of Previous Investigations

The Traverse Group completed a Phase I ESA for the subject property in April 2001 entitledPhase I Environmental Site Assessment Report, Crown Vantage Property, Parchment, Michigan.

The RECs identified in the Phase I ESA are summarized in Table 1 and the Phase I ESA

Executive Summary is included in Appendix A.

Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc. (FTC&H) conducted a Phase 0 ESA for the subject

property in April 1998 entitled Phase II Environmental Site Assessment for the Crown Vantage

Parchmentizing Mill, Parchment, Michigan. The Phase II ESA included the completion of 31

soil borings and 20 temporary monitor wells. Soil and ground water samples were analyzed for

inorganic parameters and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Part 201 Generic Cleanup

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Phase II ESA Report Page 3Former Crown Vantage Property - Parchment. Michigan__________________________July 6. 2001

Criteria and Screening Levels tables have been updated by the State of Michigan's Department

of Environmental Quality since the completion of the April 1998 Phase II ESA. Many of the soiland ground water samples that did not exceed criteria at that time now exceed the criteria

updated June 2000. FTC&H also conducted a draft soil and ground water investigation in

November 1998, entitled Soil and Groundwater Investigation, Former Parchmentizing Mill.

Crown Vantage, Parchment, Michigan. FTC&H's investigation focused on the additional

sampling in the area of a former tetrachloroethene (PCE) aboveground storage tank and a u t i l i ty

corridor that extends northward from the neutralizing basement underneath the parchmentizing

plant (Mill 1). Lead concentrations exceeding the Generic Residential and Industrial CleanupCriteria were detected in 14 soil samples collected at the subject property. Three soil samples

were collected with PCE concentrations in exceedance of the Generic Residential and IndustrialCleanup Criteria. The results of the report indicate that the contamination extends furtherwestward than initially expected and that additional soil borings were necessary to determine the

extent of PCE in the soil. A final version of this report was not available for review.

1.3 Phase U ESA Objectives

The objectives of the current Phase II ESA were to:

• Review the previous studies that have been completed on the subject property.

• Investigate and characterize soil and ground water from areas identified as RECs in order toconfirm the presence or absence of soil and ground water contamination.

• Identify underground infrastructure that could act as migration pathways.

• In the case where dissolved-phase contamination above applicable criteria has beenidentified, evaluate the probability of migration off the subject property.

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT FIELD INVESTIGATION METHODS

The field investigation was designed to provide the required information from areas identified asRECs in the Phase I ESA, which was completed for the subject property in April 2001. The

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Phase II ESA Report Pjye -',Former Crown Vantage Property - Parchment. Michigan____________________________July 6. 2001

sample collection techniques used to complete the field investigation are described in the

following sections.

2.1 Geophysical Survey

On June 14, 2001, a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey was completed to determine the

presence or absence of underground storage tanks (USTs) at two suspected UST locations (as

identified in the Phase I ESA). The two suspected UST locations that were evaluated were as

follows:

• A suspected UST farm south of the powerhouse and east of Mil l 2 (REC # 2-X-13); and

• A suspected 1,000-gallon UST location at Mill' 1 east of room P-l 18 (REC # l-X-39).

The areas were evaluated by Ms. Pam McWilliam of Environmental Investigations, Inc. using aGeophysical Survey Systems, Inc. SER-2000 unit and a 400 MHz antenna. The data obtained

during the GPR survey indicated that no anomalies specifically consistent with that of USTswere identified in either of the survey areas. A letter summary of the GPR survey is included in

Appendix B.

2.2 Geoprobe® Drilling and Soil Sampling

Beginning on June 14, 2001 and completed on June 19, 2001, Geoprobe® dr i l l ing was completed

at 51 locations (GP-01-1 through GP-01-51) to obtain discrete soil samples from areas identified

as RECs in the Phase I ESA. Sample collection techniques are described in the Field Standard

Operating Procedures included as Appendix C. Geoprobe® drilling was performed by

Environmental Investigations, Inc., of Lapeer, Michigan, as directed by The Traverse Group.

These Geoprobe® borings were completed to a depth of 16 to 20 feet below grade in order to

obtain ground water samples. Boring locations are shown in Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c.

Soil samples were collected continuously using an Envirocore® sampling device that provided

four-foot long samples encapsulated in a clear acetate sleeve. Upon retrieval, soil samples werevisually inspected, classified geologically, and field-screened with an organic vapor meter

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Phase II ESA Report Page 5Former Crown Vantage Property - Parchment, Michigan _________ ____________July 6. 2001

(OVM) equipped with a photoionization detector (FED). Based on the field screening results, the

sample (from each boring) exhibiting the highest level of contamination based on visual,

olfactory, and FED evidence was submitted for laboratory analysis. In the event that the soil

samples from a boring did not exhibit evidence of contamination, the sample from approximate!)

two feet above the soil/ground water interface was submitted for laboratory analys is

One ground water sample was collected from each bonng and submitted for laboratory analysis

Ground water sampling methods are described further in Section 2.4 and Section 2.5.

Table 2 presents a summary of the soil boring locations, soil intervals sampled, and selected soil

samples. During boring installation, the geologic description was recorded and th is information

is included on the boring logs presented in Appendix D.

The soil samples submitted for volatile chemical analysis were collected by placing

approximately 10 grams of soil into a 40-mL vial containing 10 mL of methanol according to

USEPA Method 5035. The soil samples submitted for non-volatile chemical analysis were

placed in pre-cleaned 4-ounce jars according to USEPA protocol. Sample containers were

obtained from AAC Trinity of Farmington Hills, Michigan. Care was exercised during sample

collection to minimize volatilization by filling the containers sufficiently to minimize headspace

Once placed in containers, the samples were stored on ice in a cooler and sent to the laboratory

for analysis. Standard chain-of-custody procedures were followed, noting the sampler's name

and signature, sample identification, time and date of collection, requested analyses, and chain-

of-custody sequence, denoted by the relinquish and acceptance signatures of the parties hand l ing

the samples. Completed chain-of-custody forms and their corresponding ana ly t ica l results are

included in Appendix E. Prior to use at each location, sample collection and drilling equipment

were decontaminated according to the procedure outlined in Section 2.6.

2.3 Hand Auger Drilling and Soil Sampling

Hand augers were completed at three locations where shallow soil samples were collected. Two

of the hand auger locations were performed in the basement of the powerhouse ( H A - 1 and HA-

2), and one was completed in the coal storage shed north of the powerhouse (SS-01-1). In order

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Phase II ESA Report Page o'Former Crown Vantage Property - Parchment. Michigan___________ __________July 6. 2001

to complete the hand augers in some places, a portable concrete corer was used to bore through

the concrete flooring. Three unsuccessful attempts were made in the basement of the

powerhouse for additional samples. The attempts were unsuccessful due to the discovery of

additional layers of concrete and steel flooring reinforcement at depth. Sample collection

techniques are described in the Field Standard Operating Procedures included as Appendix C.The hand augers were completed to a maximum depth of 4.5 feet. The hand auger locations are

shown in Figure 2a.

Table 2 presents a summary of the hand auger sample locations, soil intervals sampled, and

selected soil samples. During the installation of the hand augers, the geologic descnption of thesoil was recorded and this information is included on the boring logs presented in Appendix D.

The soil samples submitted for volatile chemical analysis were collected by placingapproximately 10 grams of soil into a 40-mL vial containing 10 mL of methanol according to

USEPA Method 5035. The soil samples submitted for non-volatile chemical analysis wereplaced in pre-cleaned 4-ounce jars according to USEPA protocol. Sample containers were

obtained from AAC Trinity of Farmington Hills, Michigan. Care was exercised during samplecollection to minimize volatilization by filling the containers sufficiently to reduce or eliminateany headspace. Once placed in containers, the samples were stored on ice in a cooler and sent to

the laboratory for analysis. Standard chain-of-custody procedures were followed, noting thesampler's name and signature, sample identification, time and date of collection, requested

analyses, and chain-of-custody sequence, denoted by the relinquish and acceptance signatures of

the parties handling the samples. Completed chain-of-custody forms and their corresponding

analytical results are included in Appendix E. Following use at each location, sample collect ionand hand augering equipment were decontaminated according to the procedure out l ined in

Section 2.6.

2.4 Temporary Monitor Well Installation

Temporary monitor wells were installed at selected boring locations. All welU were constructed

of one-inch inner diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material, w i t h a screen length of f i v e feet

The screens were of the machine slotted type, and the slot size was 0.010 inches. The depth to

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saturated soil varied from 16 to 20 feet below grade. The screened mte r \ a l depth tor each

temporary well is included in the boring/well logs in Appendix D.

2.5 Ground Water Sampling

Ground water samples were collected from each of the temporary monitor wells immedia teK

after installation using a peristaltic pump or vacuum pump. In borings where temporary we l l s

were not installed, a mill-slotted sampling screen was used to collect a ground water sample

The ground water-bearing layer at each boring location was fine sand.

Ground water samples submitted for volatile chemical analysis were collected w i t h zero

headspace into 40-mL glass vials and preserved in hydrochloric acid. Ground water samples

submitted for metals analysis were field-filtered through a 0.45 micron filter and collected into

500-mL plastic containers, and preserved in nitric acid. All other ground water samples were

collected into 1-liter amber glass containers without preservative. Once collected, ground water

samples were stored on ice in a cooler and sent to the analytical laboratory for analysis. Standardchain-of-custody procedures were followed.

2.6 Quality Control Program/Decontamination Procedures

Sample collection quality control measures included following standard chain-of-custody

procedures, noting the sampler's name and signature, sample identification, time and date or'collection, requested analyses, and a chain-of-custody sequence denoted by the relinquish and

acceptance signatures of the persons handling the samples.

Soil sampling equipment was thoroughly decontaminated prior to each use, between each boring

location, and at the completion of drilling activities with Alconox detergent wash water and

rinsing with distilled water. Drilling equipment was thoroughly decontaminated between each

boring location and at the completion of drilling activities with a pressure washer.

Prior to the initiation of field activities for ground water sampling, one properly preserved 40-mL

vial was filled with deionized water by the analytical laboratory and placed in the sample cooler

for submission as a trip blank sample.

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Former Crown Vantage Property - Parchment, Michigan_________ ___________JuK 6. 2001

2.1 Deviations from Investigation Work Plan

Deviations from the proposed investigation work plan included the fo l lowing :

• The work plan provided for the installation of up to 100 soil borings in areas identified as

RECs during the Phase I ESA. Due to the physical limitations imposed by the condition and

layout of the buildings on the site, 49 borings were actually completed.

• Geophysical information was collected with the exclusive use of ground penetrating radar

(GPR) techniques. No anomalies indicative of USTs or other s i m i l a r underground storage

structures were discovered during the geophysical investigation, and therefore no test pits

were installed.

• The analytical laboratory was unable to analyze samples GP01-14, GP01-15, and GPOl-16for PNA and Michigan 10 Metals due to improper sample collection. Sample GP01-48 was

collected in the same area and is assumed to be generally representative of th i s area.

• No permanent monitor wells were installed. Ground water information was collected from

temporary monitor wells.

• Duplicate VOC analyses were performed for soil and ground water samples at a percentage

lower than that proposed in the work plan.

3.0 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE

Physical characteristics of the subject property, inc lud ing regional and local condi t ions , arc

described below. The local and regional characteristics were obtained from a review of The Soil

Survey of Kalamazoo County, Michigan (United States Department of Agriculture, the Soil

Conservation Service), the Hydrogeologic Atlas of Michigan (Department of Geology, Western

Michigan University, 1981), through on-site investigation, and based on previous investigations

in the vicinity of the subject property.

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3.1 Regional Geology

The United States Department of Agriculture Soil Survey for Kalamazoo County classified the

soil at the subject property as Urban Land. Urban Land soils are defined as being mixed and

shaped to the point that little or no relationship exists between current soil conditions and then-

original components. This map unit consists of areas so obscured by urban work and structures

that identification of the soil is not possible.

Based on the Hydrogeologic Atlas of Michigan (Department of Geology, Western Michigan

University, 1981), the bedrock formation near the subject property is classified as Coldwater

Shale, which is located approximately 625 feet above mean sea level. According to the

Hydrogeologic Atlas of Michigan, hydrogeologic conditions in this area are characterized as

glacial drift usually confined at or near surface, generally consisting of interbedded aquifers,

aquicludes, and aquitards at depth.

3.2 Local Geology

Geology at the site primarily consisted of brown/black gravel and sand from grade to

approximately 4 feet below grade, followed by a fine, well sorted sand layer from 4 feet to the

boring terminus (20 feet below grade). In several of the borings a thin six-inch to 1-foot soft

clay layer was found at approximately 4 to 6 feet below grade. These soils are typical ot

previously disturbed urban soil in the southwest region of Michigan. In general, saturated soilwas typically encountered in the fine sand layer at 12-20 feet below grade.

3.3 Hydrology

The USGS topographic map, 7.5 Minute Series, produced in 1967 and photorevised in 1973.

indicates that the subject property lies within Section 3, Township 2 South, Range 11 West of the

Kalamazoo Michigan Quadrangle (Figure 1). The subject property is characterized by a lou

degree of topographic relief with an elevation of approximately 770 feet above mean sea level.

The Kalamazoo River is located approximately 1,000 feet to the west of Mill 1 and flows to the

north. In general the Plant 3 area drains to the Kalamazoo River, and surface run off from the

rest of the subject property discharges to the WWTP.

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Phase II ESA Report P^e I (> ' .Former Crown Vantage Property - Parchment. Michigan __________________________Jul\ 6. 2001

3.4 Hydrogeology

The soil lithology affecting the hydrogeology of the subject property is described in Section 3.2.

Saturated soil was present at approximately 12 to 20 feet below grade. The depth to ground

water was typically shallower (12-16 feet) in the area surrounding Mil l 1 than the areas

surrounding Mill 2 and Mill 3 (16-20 feet). The stratigraphy encountered in each borehole is

presented in the boring logs included in Appendix D and shown in Figure 3.

Local ground water is present as an unconfined aquifer with adequate recharge capability.

Ground water elevations were obtained from four temporary monitor wells (GP-01-3, GP-Ol-4.

GP-01-7, and GP-01-11) on June 14, 2001, and again on June 15, 2001. The temporary wells

were installed to the east of Mill 2 at the powerhouse and above ground storage tank (AST) area.

The ground water elevation data collected from these wells indicates that the local ground water

flow direction is to the southwest, towards the Kalamazoo River (Table 6 and Appendix F).The hydraulic gradient calculated from three of the four wells (well GP-01-03 was dry) was

0.0013 ft/ft. Free product was not encountered during collection of ground water samples during

this investigation.

The November 1998 Soil and Ground Water Investigation Report completed by FTC&H

estimated a local hydraulic gradient for the subject property ranging from 0.002 to 0.01 ft/ft. The

site-specific estimate for hydraulic conductivity included in this report ranged from 3 x 10"4 to

2 x 10"3 centimeters per second (0.85 to 5.7 feet per day).

Using the data collected from the FTC&H investigation, a more conservative re-evaluationincreased the potential conductivity by an order of magnitude to 2 x 10"" centimeters per second(57 feet per day). Based on these estimates for hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity,

the estimated bulk ground water flow velocity at the subject property ranges from 0.007 to 2 feet

per day.

4.0 INVESTIGATIVE AND ANALYTICAL FINDINGS

Soil and ground water samples collected for laboratory analysis during the Phase JJ ESA field

activities were submitted to AAC Trinity of Farmington Hills, Michigan. The target compounds

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Phase II ESA Report Page I IFormer Crown Vantage Property - Parchment, Michigan ___________________________Jul\ 6. 2001

analyzed varied, depending on the REC identified in the Phase I ESA. A summary of the

samples submitted from the soil borings is presented in Table 2 and in the soil boring logs in

Appendix D. Laboratory analytical reports are provided in Appendix E and a summary of the

compounds detected in the laboratory analyses are presented in Table 4a (Soi l - P N A s

Michigan 10 Metals, and Alcohols), Table 4b (Soil - VOCs), Table 5a (Ground Water - P N A s

Michigan 10 Metals, and Alcohols), and Table 5b (Ground Water - VOCs).

4.1 Risk-Based Screening Levels

Risk-Based Screening Levels (RBSLs) in the State of Michigan for evaluation of analytical

sample results vary depending on issues such as the cause (source) of the impacts and the i n t e n t

of current and future property use.

RBSLs for the release investigated by this Phase n ESA are outlined in Part 201 of the Natural

Resources and Environmental Protection Act, PA 451 1994, as amended. In situations where

Part 201 is applicable, the Residential RBSLs (Operational Memorandum #8) or the Generic

Commercial/Industrial RBSLs for Ground Water and Soil (Operational Memorandum #14.Revision 5, June 2000) are used.

A summary of the exposure pathways that were considered relevant for soil based on current and

future use of the subject property, available site data, and site-specific conditions are presented in

Table 3a. A summary of the exposure pathways that were considered relevant for ground waterbased on current site use, future site use, available site data, and site-specific conditions are

presented in Table 3b. The subject property is zoned for industrial use. Eva lua t ion of the

relevant exposure pathways was guided by the premise that the current and future intended

property use is industrial.

Evaluation of the pathways considered relevant for soil impacts resulted in comparing site data

to:

• Ground Water/Surface Water Interface (GSI) Protection Criteria,

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• Ground Water Contact Protection Criteria,

• Soil Volatilization to Indoor Air Criteria (SVIIC),

• Infinite Source Volatile Soil Inhalation Criteria (VSIC),

• Particulate Soil Inhalation Criteria (PSIC), and

• Industrial and Commercial n Direct Contact Criteria.

Evaluation of the pathways considered relevant for ground water impacts resulted in

comparing site data to:

• GSI Protection Criteria,

• Industrial and Commercial n, HI, & IV Ground Water Volati l ization to Indoor Air

Inhalation (GVHC) Criteria,

• Ground Water Contact Criteria, and

• Generic Acute Inhalation Toxicity Screening Levels.

4.2 Soil and Ground Water Results by Area

For ease of review, the discussion of the analytical results has been organized corresponding to

each associated REC. The Phase I reports assigned each REC a code number, de f in ing the

building (Mill 1 = 1, Mill 2 = 2, Plant 3 = 3), the floor (Basement = B, Exterior = X, 1s' floor = 1.

General Overview = G), and the REC number.

The soil sample from each boring exhibiting the highest level of contamination based on visual ,

olfactory, and PID evidence was submitted for laboratory analysis. PED readings, as wel l as

visual and olfactory observations, are included on the bonng/well logs in Appendix D. A

summary of the target compounds detected in soil samples is presented in Table 4a and Table

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4b, and a summary of the target compounds detected in ground water samples is presented inTable 5a and Table 5b. The chemical constituents that were detected above the applicable

RBSLs are presented in bold type and shaded. Photocopies of the original analytical results are

presented in Appendix E. The following sections identify the areas of investigation and

summarize the analytical results of the investigation.

4.2.1 2-X-7 Mill 2 Exterior on Ground at Dock 16 and 12

Soil borings GP-01-14, GP-01-15, GP-01-16, and GP-01-49 were installed at REC 2-X-7. One

soil sample and one ground water sample were submitted from GP-01-14, GP-01-15, and GP-01-

16 for laboratory analysis of VOCs. One soil sample and one ground water sample were

submitted from GP-01-49 for laboratory analysis of waste oil (WO) parameters.

GP-01-14 soil sample results indicate non-detectable concentrations for VOCs. GP-01-15sample depth l'-2', soil sample indicate detectable concentrations of five VOCs (ethylbenzene.toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and xylenes). GP-01-16, sample depth

10'-12', soil sample results indicate non-detectable concentrations for VOCs. GP-01-49, sample

depth 8'-10', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of one VOC (naphthalene)

and three metals (cadmium, chromium, and lead).

GP-01-14 ground water sample results indicate non-detectable concentrations for VOCs. GP-01-

15, sample depth 8'-13', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations of oneVOC (bromomethane). GP-01-16, sample depth 10'-12', ground water sample results indicatenon-detectable concentrations for VOCs. GP-01-49, sample depth 8'-13', ground water sample

results indicate non-detectable concentrations for the parameters tested.

The only exceedance of applicable criteria found in this area was of xylenes (1,100 Hg/kg) in the

soil sample collected at GP-01-15 at a depth of 1 to 2 feet.

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4.2.2 2-X-8 Mill 2 Exterior on Ground at Dock 57

Soil bonngs GP-01-11, GP-Ol-12, and GP-01-13 were ins ta l led at REC 2-X-8. One soil .ample

and one ground water sample from each boring were submitted for laboratory ana lys i s of VOCs

and Michigan 10 metals.

GP-01-11, sample depth 10'-12', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for eight

metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, silver, and zinc. GP-Ol-12. sample

depth 10'-12', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrat ions for se \en metals (arsenic .

barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc. GP-01-13. sample depth I T - 1 2 ' , soil

sample results indicated detectable concentrations for seven metals (arsenic, banum, cadmium.

chromium, copper, lead, and zinc. The soil sample results from this REC area indicate non-

detectable VOC concentrations.

GP-01-11, sample depth 8'-13', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations

for four metals (barium, chromium, mercury, and zinc). The detection of mercury exceeded the

generic GSI Criteria. GP-Ol-12, sample depth 10'-12', ground water sample results indicate

detectable concentrations for three metals (barium, silver, and zinc) and one VOC (chloroform).

GP-01-13, sample depth 10'-15', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrationsfor three metals (barium, chromium, and zinc) and two VOCs (bromodichloromethane and

chloroform). VOCs concentrations do not exceed Generic RBSLs for the ground water samples

collected from this REC area.

Contaminant concentrations detected in samples collected from this area do not exceed

applicable criteria.

4.2.3 2-X-9 Mill 2 Exterior Trash Compactor Area at Dock 60

Soil borings GP-01-20, GP-01-21, and GP-01-22 were installed at REC 2-X-9. One soil sample

and one ground water sample from each boring were submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs,

VOCs, and Michigan 10 metals.

GP-01-20, sample depth l'-3', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for seven

metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc. GP-01-21, sample depth

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T- 4', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for the same seven metals. GP-01-

22, sample depth 8'-l2', soil sample results also indicate detectable concentrations for the same

seven metals. VOCs were not detected in any of the soil samples from this REC area.

The only exceedance of applicable criteria found in this area was of chromium (19,000 u.g/kg) in

the soil sample collected at GP-01-22 at a depth of 8 to 12 feet.

GP-01-20, sample depth 14'-16\ ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations

for two metals (chromium and mercury) and one VOC (trichloroethane). GP-01-21, sample

depth 15'-17', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations for four metals

(barium, chromium, mercury, and selenium). GP-01-22, sample depth 12'-16', ground water

sample results indicate detectable concentrations for three metals (selenium, and zinc).

The only exceedance of applicable criteria found in this area was of chromium (38 u,g/l) and

mercury (0.41 (ag/1) in the soil sample collected at GP-01-20 at a depth of 14 to 16 feet and

chromium (41 (J,g/l), mercury (.23 jig/1), and selenium (23 |J.g/l) in the soil sample collected ai

GP-01-21 at a depth of 15 to 17 feet.

4.2.4 2-X-10 Mill 2 Exterior Unloading Area at Dock 61Soil boring GP-01-23 was installed at REC 2-X-10. One soil sample and one ground water

sample were submitted from each boring for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs. and Mich igan10 metals.

GP-01-23, sample depth 8'-10', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for sevenmetals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). All of the soil sample

results from this REC area indicated non-detectable VOCs and PNAs concentrations.


for three metals (barium, chromium, and zinc). Soil sample results indicate no detections ol

VOCs or PNAs.

|THEJTRAVERSE

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4.2.5 2-1-11 and P-G-19 North of Powerhouse and East of Mill 2 Wood and Brick

Storage Building

Soil borings SS-01-01, GP-01-6, GP-01-7, GP-01-32, GP-01-33, and GP-01-34 were installed at

REC 2-1-11. Soil sample GP-01-06 was submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs and metals.

Ground water sample GP-01-06 was submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs, and

Michigan 10 metals. No soil sample was collected from GP-01-33. GP-01-34 soil sample was

not analyzed for PNAs or VOCs. One soil sample from SS-01-01 was analyzed for PNAs and

Michigan 10 metals. One soil sample and one ground water sample from GP-01-32 and GP-01-

37 were submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs, and Michigan 10 metals.

SS-01-01, sample depth 0'-4', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for nine

metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc (24

u,g/kg). GP-01-6, sample depth 2'-4', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for

eight metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc. GP-01-7.

sample depth 6'-7', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for eleven PNAs

(acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, chrysene, fluoranthene,

fluorene, 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, five metals (arsenic, barium,

chromium, lead, and zinc) and four VOCs (4-isopropoyltoluene, n-propylbenzene, 1, 3, 5-

trimethybenzene, and xylenes. GP-01-32, sample depth 0'-4\ soil sample results indicated

detectable concentrations for seven PNAs (benzo(a)anthacene. benzo(a)pyrene.benzo(b)fluoranthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). GP-01-34, sample

depth 0'-4', soil sample results indicated detectable concentrations for seven metals (arsenic,

barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc).

GP-01-6, sample depth 18'-20', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrationsfor seven PNAs (acenaphthylene, fluoranthene, fluorine, 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, and

pyrene), three metals (arsenic, barium, and zinc) and four VOCs (4-isopropyltoluene, 1,2,4-

trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and xylenes. GP-01-7, sample depth 16'-18', ground

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water sample results indicate detectable concentrations for six PNAs (acenaphthylene.

fluoranthene, fluorene, 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene, and pyrene) f ive metals (arsenic.

barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc) and eight VOCs (ethylbenzene, 4-isopropyltoluene,

isopropylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3.5-tnmelhylbenzene.

and xylenes). GP-01-32, sample depth 15'-20', ground water sample results indicate detectable

concentrations for three metals (barium, mercury, and zinc). GP-01-33, sample depth 15'-20\

ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations for six metals (barium,chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc). GP-01-34, sample depth 15'-20', ground water

sample results indicate detectable concentrations for four metals (barium, mercury, selenium, and

zinc).

The only exceedances of applicable criteria found in this area was of selenium (680 u,g/kg) in the

soil sample collected at SS-01-01 at a depth of 0 to 4 feet, fluoranthene (7.4 u.g/1), fluorene (59

Hg/1), naphthalene (110 u,g/l), and pyrene (75.6 fig/1) in the ground water sample collected at GP-

01-6 at a depth of 18 to 20 feet, and fluoranthene (2.7 u,g/l), fluorene (35 u,g/l), naphthalene (410

u,g/l), and xylenes (100 u.g/1) in the ground water sample collected at GP-01-7 at a depth of 16 to

18 feet. All detections of mercury from ground water samples GP-01-32, GP-01-33, and GP-01-

34 exceeded applicable Generic Criteria. The detection of selenium in ground water sample GP-

01-33 also exceeded applicable Generic Criteria.

4.2.6 2-X-13 "Tank Farm" Suspected to be South of Powerhouse and East of Mill 2Soil borings GP-01-18, GP-01-19, and GP-01-30 were installed at REC 2-X-13. One soil sample


VOCs, and alcohols.

GP-01-18, sample depth 0'-4', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for four

VOCs (tetrachloroethane, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and xylenes). GP-01-19, sampledepth 8'-13', soil sample results indicate non-detectable concentrations for all tested parameters.

GP-01-30, sample depth 8'-12', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of one

alcohol (methanol).

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GP-01-18 ground water sample results indicate a detectable concentration of one VOC (toluene).

GP-1-19 ground water sample results indicate a detectable concentration of one VOC

(tetrachloroethane). GP-01-30, sample depth 12'-17' ground water sample results indicate adetectable concentration of one VOC (tetrachloroethane).

Contaminant concentrations detected in samples collected from this area do not exceedapplicable criteria.

4.2.7 P-GB-15 and P-B-16 Powerhouse BasementSoil borings HA-1, HA-2, and GP-01-17 were installed at RECs P-BG-15 and P-B-16. One soilsample and one ground water sample from each boring were submitted for laboratory analysis of

PNAs, VOCs, and Michigan 10 metals.

HA-1 soil sample results indicated detectable concentrations of one VOC (tetrachloroethane) two

PNAs (benzo(k)fluroanthene and fluroanthene) and seven metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium,

chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). HA-2 soil sample results indicate detectable concentrationsfor eight metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc). GP-01-

17, sample depth 14'-16', soil sample results indicated detectable concentrations of eight metals

(arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc).

HA-1 ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations for two VOCs(tetrachloroethane and trichloroethane) and three metals (barium, chromium, and zinc). HA-2

ground water sample results indicated detectable concentrations for five metals (barium,chromium, lead, mercury, and zinc). GP-01-17, sample depth 12'-17', ground water sample

results indicate detectable concentrations of four metals (barium, chromium, selenium, and zinc).

The only exceedances of applicable criteria found in this area was of mercury (.3 |xg/l) in the

ground water sample collected at HA-2 and selenium (10 u.g/1) in the ground water sample

collected at GP-01-17 at a depth of 12 to 17 feet.

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4.2.8 P-X-20 Coal and Ash Pits and Large ASTsSoil borings GP-01-01, GP-01-02, GP-01-03, and GP-01-04 were installed at REC P-X-20. One

soil sample and one ground water sample from each boring were submitted for laboratory

analysis of Light Distillate Oils (LDOs), PNAs, and Michigan 10 metals.

GP-01-01, sample depth 14'-16', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of seven

metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). GP-01-02, sample depth

3'-4' soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of seven metals (arsenic, barium,chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc). GP-01-03, sample depth 16'-18' soil sample

results indicate detectable concentrations of six metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium,lead, and zinc). GP-01-04, sample depth 12'-14', soil sample results indicate detectable

concentrations of five metals (arsenic, barium, chromium, lead, and zinc). No PNAs or VOCs

were detected in any of the soil samples collected from this REC area.

GP-01-01 ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations of seven metals

(arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, and zinc). GP-01-02 ground water

sample results indicate detectable concentrations of three metals (barium, selenium, and zinc).GP-01-03, sample depth 14'-19', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations

of six metals (arsenic, barium, chromium, lead, selenium, and zinc. GP-01-04, sample depth15'-18', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations of four metals (arsenic.

barium, selenium, and zinc). PNAs and VOCs were not detected in the ground water samplescollected from this REC area.

The only exceedance of applicable criteria found in this area was of selenium (1200 u,g/kg) in the

soil sample collected at Gp-01-02 at a depth of 3 to 4 feet, chromium (40 p.g/1) and selenium (5

u.g/1) in the ground water sample collected at GP-01-01, and the detection of selenium in GP-01-

02, GP-01-03, and GP-01-04 also exceeds applicable criteria.

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4.2.9 EH-1-22 Engine HouseSoil boring GP-01-31 was installed at REC EH-1-22. One soil sample and one ground water

sample from the boring was submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs, and Michigan 10

metals.

GP-01-31, sample depth 12'-14', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of six

metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc).

GP-01-31, sample depth 12'-17\ ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrationsof five metals (barium, chromium, mercury, selenium, and zinc).

The detection of mercury (0.27 u.g/1) exceeded the applicable criteria.

4.2.10 3-1B-23 Room 3-119, Roll Grinding Room

Soil GP-01-25 was installed at REC 3-1B-23. One soil sample and one ground water sample

were submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs, and Michigan 10 metals.

GP-01-25, sample depth 16'-19.5', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of

seven metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). VOCs and PNAs

were not detected in any of the soil samples collected from this REC area.


of four metals (barium, chromium, selenium, and zinc). No VOCs or PNAs were detected.



4.2.11 3-1-24 3-61-A Central Machine ShopSoil borings GP-01-26, GP-01-29, and GP-01-51 were installed at REC 3-1-24. One soil sample


VOCs, and Michigan 10 metals.

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metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). GP-01-29, sample depth

6'-7', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for seven metals (arsenic, barium,

cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). GP-01-51, sample depth 12'-16'. soil sample

results indicate detectable concentrations for seven metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium,chromium, copper, lead, and zinc).


of three metals (barium, selenium, and zinc). GP-01-29, sample depth 18'-20', ground water

sample results indicate detectable concentrations for one VOC (tetrachloroethane) and three

metals (barium, mercury, and selenium). GP-01-51, sample depth 18'-20', ground water sample

results indicate detectable concentrations for two metals (barium and zinc).


4.2.12 3-1-25 3-58 Pipe ShopSoil boring GP-01-27 was installed at REC 3-1-25. One soil sample and one ground water

sample were submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs, and Michigan 10 metals.




of four metals (barium, lead, mercury, and zinc).

The detection of mercury (0.27 ng/1) exceeded the GSI Protection Criteria.

4.2.13 3-1-26 3-59 Storage GarageSoil borings GP-01-35 and GP-01-38 were installed at REC 3-1-26. One soil sample and one

ground water sample from each boring were submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs,

and Michigan 10 metals.

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GP-01-35, sample depth 0'-4\ soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of seven

metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc). GP-01-38, sample depth12'-16', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations of six metals (arsenic, barium,

cadmium, chromium, lead, and zinc).

GP-01-35, sample depth 15'-20', ground water sample results indicate a detectable concentration

of one metal (mercury). GP-01-38, sample depth 15'-20\ ground water sample results indicate

a detectable concentration of three metals (barium, chromium, and silver).



4.2.14 3-1-27 3-76 Large Parts Storage GarageSoil boring GP-01-37 was installed at REC 3-1-27. One soil sample and one ground water





of two metals (mercury and zinc).

The detection of mercury (0.57 jig/1) exceeded the GSI Protection Criteria.

4.2.15 3-1-28 3-64 Paint ShopSoil boring GP-01-24 was installed at REC 3-1-28. One soil sample and one ground water



metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc).

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GP-01-24, sample depth 20'-22', ground water sample results indicated detectable

concentrations of one VOC (tetrachloroethane) and four metals (barium, chromium, aluminum,

and zinc).



4.2.16 1-1X-37 P-20 and P-21Soil borings GP-01-45 and GP-01-46 were installed at REC 1-1X-37. One soil sample and one

ground water sample from GP-01-45 were submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs,

and Michigan 10 metals. One soil sample from GP-01-46 was submitted for laboratory analysis

of PNAs, VOCs, and MI-10.

GP-01-45, sample depth l'-3', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for fiveVOCs (cis-l,2-dichloroethene, methylene chloride, naphthalene, tetrachloroethene, and

trichloroethene), fifteen PNAs (acenaphthene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene,benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(g, h, i)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene,dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorine, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, naphthalene,phenanthrene, and pyrene), and six metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and

zinc). GP-01-46, sample depth l'-3', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for

two VOCs (naphthalene, tetrachloroethane) and seven metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium,chromium, copper, lead, and zinc).

GP-01-45, sample depth IT-13', ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations

of four VOCs (cis-l,2-dichloroethene, naphthalene, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene) and three

metals (arsenic, lead, and zinc).



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4.2.16 l-X-39 P-118Soil borings GP-01-41 and GP-01-42 were installed at REC l-X-39. One soil sample and one

ground water sample were submitted for laboratory analysis of leaded gasoline (LOG).

GP-01-41, sample depth 4'-8', soil sample results indicate non-detectable concentra t ions lor all

parameters tested. GP-01-42, sample depth 8'-12', soil sample results indicate non-detectable

concentrations for all parameters tested.

GP-01-41, sample depth 8'-13', ground water sample results indicate non-detectable

concentrations for all parameters tested. GP-01-42, sample depth 10'-15', ground water sample

results indicate non-detectable concentrations for all parameters tested.


4.2.17 l-X-40 South of Room 1-9 and West of Room 1-40Soil borings GP-01-39 and GP-01-40 were installed in REC l-X-40. One soil sample and one

ground water sample from each of the borings were submitted for laboratory analysis of leaded

gasoline.

GP-01-39, sample depth 8'-12\ soil sample results indicate non-detectable concentrations for all

parameters tested. GP-01-40, sample depth 8'-12' soil sample results indicate non-detectable

concentrations for all parameters tested.

GP-01-39, sample depth 10'-15', ground water sample results indicate non-detectable

concentrations for all parameters tested. GP-01-40, sample depth 10'-15', ground water sample

results indicate non-detectable concentrations for all parameters tested.


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4.2.18 l-X-41 and l-X-38 Exterior of Mill 1Soil borings GP-01-43 and GP-01-44 were installed in RECs l-X-41 and l-X-38. One soil

sample and one ground water sample from each boring were submitted for laboratory analysis ofwaste oil.

GP-01-43, sample depth 8'-12', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for threemetals (cadmium, chromium, and lead). GP-01-44, sample depth 8'-10', soil sample resultsindicate detectable concentrations for two PNAs (fluoranthene, phenanthrene) and three metals

(cadmium, chromium, and lead).

GP-01-43, sample depth 10'-15', ground water sample results indicate non-detectableconcentrations for all parameters tested. GP-01-44, sample depth 10'-15\ ground water sampleresults indicate non-detectable concentrations for all parameters tested.



4.2.19 Junk YardSoil borings GP-01-05, GP-01-08, GP-01-09 andGP-01-10 were installed in the junk yard

northeast of Mill 2. One soil sample and one ground water sample from each boring weresubmitted for laboratory analysis of LDO and Michigan 10 metals.

GP-01-5, sample depth 6'-8', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for seven

metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and zinc). GP-01-08, sample depth0'-2', soil sample results indicate detectable concentrations for seven metals (arsenic, banum,

cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and zinc). GP-01-9, sample depth 0'-2', soil sample resultsindicate detectable concentrations for twelve PNAs (anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene,

benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(g, h, i)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene. chrysene,

fluoranthene, indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) and eight metals

(arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc). GP-01-10. sampledepth 9'-10', soil sample results indicate a detectable concentration of one metal (arsenic).

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for one PNA (2-methylnapthalene) and four metals (barium, chromium, lead, and zinc). GP-01-

08 ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations for three VOCs (2-

methylnapthalene, naphthalene, 1,2,4-trimethylnaphthalene) and four metals (arsenic, barium,

selenium, and zinc). GP-01-9, sample depth 10'-12', soil sample results indicate detectable

concentrations for six metals (arsenic, barium, chromium, selenium, aluminum, and zinc). GP-

01-10 ground water sample results indicate detectable concentrations of six metals (arsenic,

barium, chromium, lead, selenium, and zinc).

The only exceedance of applicable criteria found in this area was of 2-methylnaphthalene (5.2

u,g/l) in the soil sample collected at GP-01-05 at a depth of 10 to 12 feet and of naphthalene (290

|j.g/l) and selenium (5 u,g/I) in the ground water sample collected at GP-01-08. The detection of

selenium in GP-01-09 and GP-01-10 also exceeds applicable criteria.

4.2.20 W-B-49 WWTP BasementSoil boring GP-01-50 was installed in REC W-B-49 at the WWTP. One soil sample and one

ground water sample were submitted for laboratory analysis of PNAs, VOCs. and Michigan 10

metals.


metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc).


of one metal (barium).



4.2.21 QA/QC Program

VOCs samples were analyzed using US EPA Method 8260, the method preferred by the MDEQ

Emergency Response Division for analysis of volatiles (Operational Memorandum No. 6. Pan

201 Guidelines).

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The laboratory analyzes a method blank sample during each date of sample analysis to venf>

that solvents and containers used in the laboratory have not contaminated the instrumentation.

As stated in Section 2.6, two trip blanks were collected for analysis with the ground water

samples to verify that sample handling and transport were not influencing sample results. As

shown in Table 5b, VOCs were not detected in the trip blank samples.

Two ground water sample equipment blanks were collected for analysis of Michigan 10 metals

to verify that the filter used during metal sample collection was not influencing sample results.

Analytical results for the equipment blank collected on June 12, 2001 indicated detectable

concentrations of four metals (arsenic (3 |xg/l), barium (120 (ig/1), lead (4 u,g/l), and zinc (30

Hg/1)). The detection of these dissolved metals in the equipment blank sample indicates the

possibility of cross contamination in the metals sampling tube or filter. Therefore, the

concentrations for arsenic, barium, lead and zinc detected on June 12, 2001 in ground water areinconclusive. Based on these concentrations in the June 12, 2001, equipment blank, it can be

assumed that the actual concentrations of these dissolved metals in the ground water samplescollected on June 12, 2001 do not exceed the level detected in the June 12, 2001 ground watersamples. In addition, ground water sample analytical results for arsenic, barium, lead, and zinc(for samples collected on June 12, 2001) indicated concentrations below all applicable genericcleanup criteria. No metals were detected in the equipment blank sample collected on June 19,

2001.

Two duplicate ground water samples (GP01-29/18-20'and GP01-45/11-13') were collected and

analyzed for VOCs as presented in Table 4b. The results of the GPO1-29/18-20' sample

indicated a detectable concentration of tetrachloroethene (2.2 )u.g/l). The results of the duplicate

sample indicated a detectable concentration of tetrachloroethene (1.8 j-ig/1). The results of GP01-

45/11-13' sample indicated detectable concentrations of cis-l,2-dichloroethene (17 M-g/1),

naphthalene (26 ng/1), tetrachloroethene (86 ng/1), and trichloroethene (8.5 ng/1). The results of

the duplicate sample indicated detectable concentrations of cis-l,2-dichloroethene (18 u.g/1).

naphthalene (7.1 ng/1), tetrachloroethene (79 ng/1), and trichloroethene (7.1 (J.g/1).

\001164\ph2esa.doc

Phase II ESA Report Page 2SFormer Crown Vantage Property - Parchment. Michigan____________________________Jul\ 6. 2001

One duplicate soil sample (GPO1-45/1-3') was collected and analyzed for VOCs as presented in

Table 4b. The results of GP01-45/1-3' indicated detectable concentrations of as-1,2-

dichloroethene (660 Hg/kg), methylene chloride 300 fig/kg), naphthalene (470 u,g/kg).

tetrachloroethene (20,000 Jig/kg), and trichloroethene (970 ng/kg). The results of the duplicate

sample indicated detectable concentrations of cis-l,2-dichloroethene (560 ng/kg), naphthalene

(830 |J,g/kg), tetrachloroethene (16,000 |ag/kg), and trichloroethene (780 f.ig/kg). The detection

of methylene chloride present in the duplicate sample is most l ikely due to laboratory reagent

contamination.

5.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

The following sections discuss the major findings of the Phase FI ESA in terms of characteristics

of the impacts detected, location, and migration pathways.

5.1 Exposure Pathway Analysis

A complete exposure pathway is composed of a source of contamination, a route of exposure,

and a receptor. This Phase n ESA considers the source to be the location of the exceedance of

cleanup criteria existing in the soil or ground water. A complete evaluation of potential exposure

pathways and possible receptors for soil and ground water was performed for the subject

property and is summarized in Tables 3a and 3b. Plant employees and utility workers are

considered to be the most likely receptors for the subject property. Based on this evaluation, the

applicable risk-based screening levels were retained for comparison to analytical results in the

summary data tables (Tables 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b). Exceedances (both soil and ground water)

detected at the subject property were only of the Generic GSI criteria. In evaluation of the

current and future due care obligations, the GSI pathway is not valid because it does not involve

a human receptor.

Although the GSI pathway is not relevant to the due care obligations of the subject site, the

contamination detected at REC 2-1-11 and P-G-19 warrants evaluation as to the potential to

threaten surface water near the subject property. The ground water sample results collected from

GP-01-06 and GP-01-07 indicate that contaminants from the soil are capable of leaching to

\001I64\ph2esa.doc mass*


ground water at concentrations exceeding the Generic GSI criteria. The ground water elevation

data collected at the subject property indicate a general southwest flow direction towards the

Kalamazoo River. Several ground water samples were collected at various distances

hydraulically down-gradient from this source. Analytical results from these locations indicateconcentrations of these compounds below Generic GSI criteria. Based on these results, GSI

criteria exceedances near source areas are not migrating to surface water at concentrations in

exceedance of the Generic GSI criteria.

Plant worker and utility worker safety is addressed by the following Industrial Cleanup Criteria:

Soil Volatilization to Indoor Air, Soil Infinite Source Volatile Soil Inhalation, Soil Paniculate

Soil Inhalation, Soil Direct Contact, and the Generic Acute Inhalation Toxicity Screening Level.

Exceedances of these criteria were not detected at the subject property during this investigation.

6.0 REFERENCES

Hydrogeological Atlas of Michigan, Department of Geology, Western Michigan University,1981.

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Report, Crown Vantage Property. Parchment, Michigan,The Traverse Group, April 2001.

Phase II Environmental Site Assessment for the Crown Vantage Pardunentizing Mill.Parchment, Michigan, Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc. (FTC&H), April 1998.

Soil and Ground-water Investigation, Former Parchmentizing Mill, Crown Vantage, Parchment.Michigan, Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc. (FTC&H), November 1998.

Soil Survey for Kalamazoo County, United States Department of Agriculture and the SoilConservation Service.

\OOU64\ph2esa.doc

TABLES

Table 1Summary of Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs)

Phase II Environmental Site AssessmentFormer Crown Vantage Property- Parchment, Michigan

REC codeG-1

2-G-2

2-1-3

2-B-4

2-1-5

2-1-6

2-1 B-7

2-X-7

2-X-8

2-X-9

2-X-10

2-1-11

2-G-12

2-X-13

2-X-14

P-GB-15

P-B-16

P-1-17

P-G-18

P-G-19

P-X-20

P-X-21

EH-1-22

3-1B-23

3-1-24

3-1 -253-1-263-1-27

3-1-28

3-3G-29

1-G-30

1-G-311-B-32

1-1-33

LocationGeneral overview and areanorthwest of Vie PowerhouseThroughout MiD 2

Mill 2, 1st floor

Mill 2. SE comer of basement,room 2-89

Mill 2, 1st floor, room 2-97

Mill 2. 1st floor, room 2-1 59

Mill 2, 1 st floor and basement,room 2-74Mill 2, exterior on ground, at Dock16Mill 2. exterior on ground, at Dock57Mill 2, Exterior Trash CompactorArea at Dock 60Mill 2. Exterior Unloading Area atDock 61North of Powerhouse, and east ofMill 2. Wood and Brick StorageBuildingScattered through Mill 2

Suspected to be south ofPowerhouse, east of MM 2Parchment School District, eastadjoining propertyPowerhouse basement

Powerhouse basement

Powerhouse 1 st floor

Powerhouse general overview

Former Coal Storage Buildingnorth of PowerhouseCoal and Ash Pits north ofPowerhouseSouth of Powerhouse

Engine House, no basement

Room 3-119. Roll Grinding Room

3-61 -A, Central Machine Shop

Room 3-58. Pipe ShopRoom 3-59, Storage GarageRoom 3-76, Large Parts Storage,ust west of Plant 3Room 3-64, Paint Shop

Plant 3. both buildings

General overview

General overviewMany separate basements

Room P-38, Acid Store Room

Concern1 ,000.000 and 875.000 gallon fuel oil ASTs and exteriorpart storage/grave yard northwest of Powerhouse.ASTs and drum/chemical tote storage scattered throughoutMid 2. Areas of staining, pooled liquids and cracked floorsobserved in site recon.

3 250-gallon ASTs, labeled hydraulic fluid, gasoline, anddiesel engine ol2 250-gaton ASTs, urUaoeted with severe staining/standingfluid. Appears to be ol or lubricant

Stained floor trenches dial run east to west along north walnext to associated machine pit

Four ASTs, 2 1 ,000-galton, 2 4,000-galkxi. containingExxon hydraulic fluid, and Tresstic Fluid. More than 25drums of similar fluids, full, paitialy full or empty.2 250-gallon oil tanks, staining on floors around pipes inbasement.Standing oil on ground, staining in area.

Staining on concrete and gravel ground surface.

Staining on concrete and gravel ground surface, suspectedto be oils or lubricants.Black staining on wato and concrete ground surface.

Coal covering floor.

PCB transformers and ACM located throughout Mil 2.

Tank Farm* when tank* were removed, toluene, andalcohol contamination was identified.Dissolved Phase Gasoline Plume.

Staining and cracked floors observed throughoutPowerhouse basement.Trenches, pits, and sumps win staining observedthroughout Powerhouse basement3 large boilers from 1934, 1954, and 1957. covered inACM.Drums and containers wrti oils and lubricants, used oil andoal observed scattered throughout Powerhouse.

Coal on ground surface. Storage shed in area, but was atne time a coal bam.coal and ash pits identified on 1930s Sanbom Map.

Solvent USTs were depicted on 1953 engineering map ofthe site. Tank presence could not be confirmed or denied.

Concrete lined maintenance pit under locomotive, stainingwas observed.Floor pits and trenches are stained, basement has standingquids on floors and in sump.Staining throughout shop on floors, plugged floor drains andoncrete filled trenches, staining throughout

Staining on floors and in drains of pipe shop.Stained and cracked floors observed in garage.Stained and cracked floors observed in storage area.

Generally, the whole shop is covered in yellow paint, bulkainl storage and paint remover storage.

Paper making operation took place in Mill 3, mostlynortheast building, staining observed on most floors,operations ceased decades ago.South half has been emptied and some Phase II ESA workcompleted. Ok) Powerhouse is locate in Mill 1 . bulkchemical storage and use, and a laboratory for papertesting and manufacturing.ACM material and PCB transformers.Basements have been used for chemical storage, stainingbserved throughout many separate basements, witheteriorated or cracked floors.oncrete floor has evidence of acid spits with yellowtaming and deterioration of concrete

Associated operationBulk fuel storage, part disposal.

Chemical uses on site include but not limited to white on.lubricants, motor oil. hydraulic fluids, coalers, solvents,acids, fuel, gasoline, diesel fuel, coal, transmission fluidand PCBs.

Vehicle loading and unlading of fluids

Chemical storage in shop area.

A large machine pit with machine removed adjacent tostaining.

Chemical storage, distribution or use.

Chemical storage, use and distribution.

Unloading area for lubricants and oils.

Unloading area for Alum. Poly Calcium Carbonate,Carbutol and Ansitex.Trash compactor area.

Loading and unloading chemicals.

Suspected oil coal bam.

ACM appears to be labeled and PCB transformers do notappear to have staining.Chemical storage tanks.

Gasoline plume migrating from Parchment School Districtonto subject properly.Power generation, fuels, oils and lubricants.

Power generation, fuels, oils and lubricants.

Powering of boJers, coal, and fuel oil in later years.

Mostly on the 1st floor and basement.

Coal.

Coal, ash, cinder and other byproducts of burning coal

Solvents.

Locomotive maintenance.

.ubricants. oils and hydraulic fluids.

Oil, hydraulic fluids, lubricants.

Dils, lubricants and hydraulic fluids.Oils, lubricants and hydraulic fluids.Oils, lubricants and hydraulic fluids.

Paints, solvents, and kerosene.

Oils, lubricants, solvents, hydraulic fluids, and otherchemicals.

Historic operations included use of acids, lead linedneutralizing tanks, coatings, solvents, waxes, lubricants,ails and assorted other chemicals.

'CBs.Chemical storage

Sulfates. lead, and other possible acids

Iof2

Table 1Summary or Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs)

Phase II Environmental Site AssessmentFormer Crown Vantage Property- Parchment, Michigan

REC code1-X-34

1-B-3S

1-B-36

1-1X-37

1-X-39

1-X-40

1-X-41

1-X-42

1-X-43W-X-46

W-X-47W-X-48W-B-49

Location [ConcernOutside P-23-A from building to Kzoo RiverP-23A, Parcfimentizmg Area

P-23A, Acid Storehousebasement

P-20 and P-21

EastotP-118

South of room I-9 and west ofroom I-40Exterior of Mill 1

West of P-20

SO yards west of P-20Waste Water Setting Basins (8)

Type III LandfH west of WWTPType II Landfill north of WWTPWWTP basement

PCE ground water plume, extending from P-23-A toKalamazoo River.An underground drain runs east to west below P-23A.Historically, spited acid has deteriorated the drain, and newconcrete was needed periodically.Elevated levels of lead have been discovered throughoutthe previous Phase II ESA. Utility corridors with soilgrounds extending from the basement contain lead. Leadlined acid neutralizing tanks are located in the basement.

"Solvent rooms' - treating paper with solvents before acidtreatment. Cracks located in floors and walls indicatepotential of contamination in soil.1 ,000-gaton gasoline UST located on old engineeringmaps. Unknown if still present or1 weather it was actuallyinstalled.200-gallon gasoline tank, unknown if AST or UST is stillpresent or weather it was actually installed.MDEQ indicated that there have been several tanksremoved and closed. Exact location of tanks is unknown (a1 ,000-gal gasoline and 15,000-gal toluene tank).

15,000-galton tolune UST, contamination in soil and PH IIESA performed.Benzene in ground water (JMW-4).Solids settling from wastewater.

Down-gradient Industrial Waste Landfill.Cross Gradient Type II LandfillStaining observed.

Associated operationPCE.

Drain to WWTP.

Lead neutralizing.

Paper treating operations.

Gasoline filling operations.

On fire insurance map.

Filling and storage at chemicals

Fishbeck & Thompson previous investigations.

Previous Quarterly GW monitoring took place.Water treatment.

Unknown constituents.

2of2

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Documents

TRAVERSE GROUP - PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT