Brenda M

. Allen

Extension Specialist–U

rban Forestry108 M

. White Sm

ith Hall

Auburn U

niversity, AL

36849-5627(334) 844-1066 FA

X (334) 844-1084

e-mail: ballen@

aces.edu

Marilyn Sim

pson-JohnsonU

rban Affairs

& N

ew N

ontraditional Programs

P.O. B

ox 967, Norm

al, AL

35762(256) 858-4961 FA

X (256) 851-5840

e-mail: m

sjohso@aces.edu

Tree Board M

embers

Mr. Joe Fletcher, C

hairM

r. Ruben C

audleM

rs. Betty W

illiams

Mr. C

lyde FosterM

rs. Blanche O

rrR

ev. James C

hildress

Special thanks to Antoinette Pulliam

, student assistant, for gathering inform

ation used in this publication.

Photographs by D. A

llen Banks

Urban Forestry Sum

mer Intern

Longleaf pine

Pinus palustris

PecanC

arya illinoensis

Shortleaf pinePinus echinata

Am

erican beechFagus grandifolia

Black oak

Quercus velutina

Hackberry

Celtis occidentalis

Eastern red cedar

Juniperus virginianaSlippery elmU

lmus rubra

Funding for this publication was provided by the U

SDA

Forest Servicethrough the U

rban &C

omm

unity Forestry Financial Assistance Program

.

For information about urban forestry, call your county E

xtensionoffice. L

ook in your telephone directory under your county’s name to find

the number.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative E

xtension work in agriculture and hom

e economics, A

ct of M

ay 8 and June 30, 1914, and other related acts, in cooperation with the U

.S. Departm

ent ofA

griculture. The A

labama C

ooperative Extension System

(Alabam

a A&

MU

niversity and Auburn

University) offers educational program

s, materials, and equal opportunity em

ployment to all

people without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, veteran status, or disability.

New

Septem

ber 2002, AN

R-1231

TR

EE

ST

RIA

NA of

FIEL

DG

UID

E ARCHIVE

Scientific N

ame:

Celtis

occidentalisO

ther Possib

leN

ames:C

omm

on hackberry,Sugarberry, N

ettle tree, Hoop

ash Height/Trunk D

iameter:

50'-90'; 1-3' Leaves:alternate;

simple; serrate m

argin; lanceolate to ovate; 2 to 4”long B

ark:grayish-brow

n, 1-1 1⁄2” thick, m

ay be smooth

or more or less thickly covered

and roughened by irregularw

artlike excrescences or bylong ridges Flow

er:1⁄8” w

ide,greenish; m

ale and female at

base of young leaves in earlyspring Fruit:berrylike, edible,orange-red to dark purple-black, 1⁄4- 3⁄8” in diam

eter, on a slender stalk W

ildlife:many

birds, squirrels, chipmunks,

small rodents, quail, turkey,

pheasant, grouse, woodpecker,

cedar waxw

ing Insect:

mourning cloak butterfly

Disease:leaf spots, w

itches’-broom

, powdery m

ildew,

gonoderma rot, hackberry

nipple-gall Interesting Fact:H

ackberry is a comm

on treeof secondary im

portance tothe A

merican lum

ber industry.

Scientific N

ame:

Juniperusvirginiana

Oth

er Possible

Nam

es:Pencil cedar, Virginia

juniper, Red juniper, R

edcedar, Savin, C

edar, Juniperbush H

eight/Trunk Diam

eter:40'-50'; 1-2' L

eaves:evergreen,opposite in four row

s forming

slender four-angled twigs, 1⁄16”

long to 3⁄8” long on leaders,

scalelike, not toothlike; darkgreen w

ith gland-dot Bark:

reddish brown, thin, som

ewhat

grooved, peeling off in longfibrous strips Flow

er:borne incones; stam

inate cones 1⁄8- 1⁄4”long, oblong to ovate, yellow

,in great num

bers; pistillatecones solitary, term

inal, about1⁄16” long, ovoid, consisting of about six fleshy, spreading,acute, bluish, scales Fruit:subglobose, pale or blue-green,som

ewhat angled, berrylike

cone, 1⁄4 -

1⁄3” in diameter,

becomes glaucous in autum

n,w

ith firm epiderm

is and thinsw

eet flesh, seeds 1-2 wingless,

1⁄16 - 1⁄8” long Wildlife:cedar

waxw

ing Insect: noneD

isease:blight, canker, C

ercosporasequoiae, dendrothele, nirosa,w

ood rot Interesting Fact:T

his plant can withstand

extreme drought, heat and

cold, also stays green all year.

Scientific N

ame:

Pinus palustris

Oth

er Possible

Nam

es:H

ard pine, Heart

pine, Long straw

pine, Pitchpine H

eight/Trunk Diam

eter:80'-100'; 2-2

1⁄2' Leaves:spiral;

2 or 3 needles; 8 to 14” long B

ark:1⁄16-

1⁄2” on trunk, lightorange-brow

n, separating onthe surface into large, closelyoppressed scales Flow

er:m

ale—dark rose-purple, many

clustered; female—dark purple,

in pairs or clusters of three orfour Fruit:6-10” long, narrow

lyconical or cylindrical, dullbrow

n, almost stalkless,

opening and shedding atm

aturity, cone scales raised,keeled, w

ith small prickle

Wildlife:m

any birds, squirrels,sm

all rodents Insect: pine

wood nem

atodeD

isease:butt rot, canker, cone rust,dieback, needle blight, pitchcanker, w

ood rot InterestingFact:T

his tree has the longestneedles and the largest conesof any pine in the E

ast. This is

the largest and most im

portantof the Southern yellow

pines.

Scientific N

ame:

Carya

illinoensisO

ther Possib

leN

ames:Pecan nut, Pecanier,

Pecan tree Height/Trunk

Diam

eter:100'; 3' Leaves:

alternate, pinnately compound,

11-17”; slightly sickle-shapedleaflets, 2-7” long, long-pointedat tip, finely saw

-toothed,shortstalked, hairless or slightlyhairy, yellow

-green above,paler beneath, turning yellowin autum

n Bark:1-1

1⁄2” thick,light brow

n tinged with red,

deeply divided irregularly intonarrow

-forked ridges brokenon the surface into thickoppressed scales Flow

er:unisexual, both sexes borne in separate clusters on thesam

e tree; staminate flow

ers,in three-branched 3” to 5”am

ents, each with 5 or 6 yellow

stamens subtended by a 2- or

3-lobed calyx; pistillate flowers,

borne in few- to several-

flowered spikes, yellow

, hairy,slightly four-angled Fruit:1

1⁄4 -2” long, oblong, short-pointedat tip, rounded at base, w

iththin husk becom

ing darkbrow

n, splitting to base alongfour ridges, 3-10 in cluster;pecan nut light brow

n with

darker marking, thin-shelled,

with edible seed W

ildlife:

many birds, squirrels,

chipmunks, sm

all rodentsIn

sect: nematode

Disease:

anthracnose, bunch disease,canker, dieback, leaf spot,m

istletoe, nut rot, powdery

mildew

, smooth patch, w

itches’-broom

Interesting Fact:Pecan

is one of the most valuable

cultivated plants originating inN

orth Am

erica.

34

5

6

78

Hackberry

Eastern

red cedar

Longleaf

pine

Pecan

Shortleafpine

Slipperyelm

INT

RO

DU

CT

ION

The follow

ing tree guide will give you an inside view

of eight differentspecies of trees com

monly found in Triana, A

labama. T

hese particulartrees are m

arked in various places around Triana such as Flamingo

Park and the playground. This guide is intended to help you identify

these tree species.

Scientific Nam

e:Fagus grandifolia

Other Possible

Nam

es:none listedH

eight/Trunk Diam

eter:60'-80'; 1-2

1⁄2' Leaves:

Alternate, sim

ple, serratem

argin, oblong to ovate, 2 to 5” long B

ark:close fitting, blue-gray, sm

ooth,thin, frequently m

ottledw

ith dark bands and blotchesFlow

er:male—sm

all, yellow

ish with m

any stam

ens, crowded in ball

3⁄4to 1” in diameter, hanging

on slender hairy stalks to2”; fem

ale—about 1⁄4”long,

bordered by narrow hairy

reddish scales, two at end of

short stalk Fruit:1⁄2- 3⁄4” long;

short-stalked light brown

prickly burs; maturing in

autumn and splitting into

four parts usually two nuts

(edible), about 5⁄8” long, three-angled; shiny brow

n,know

n as beechnutsW

ildlife:attracts squirrels,raccoons, chipm

unks, bears,other m

amm

als, and game

birds such as blue jays, titm

ice, grosbeaks, nuthatches,w

oodpeckers Insect: aphids,brow

n wood borer, beech

scale, two-lined chestnut

borer, caterpillarsD

isease:leaf spots, pow

dery mildew

,bleeding canker, leaf m

ottle,beech bark disease, cankerInteresting Fact:It is usedin lim

ited quantities in thesoda process of pulp m

anufacturing.

Scientific Nam

e:Quercus

velutinaO

ther PossibleN

ames:Yellow

oak, Dyer's

oak, Tanbark oak, Smooth-

bark oak, Quercitron oak

Height/Trunk D

iameter:

50'-80'; 1-21⁄2' L

eaves:alternate, 4-9” long, 3-6”w

ide, elliptical, usually with

7-9 lobes, either shallow or

deep and narrow, ending in

a few bristle-tipped teeth,

slightly brown beneath

Bark:sm

ooth, dark brown,

with orange-yellow

innerbark, becom

ing 1 to 11⁄2”

thick, almost black, and

dividing into broad, scalyridges separated by deep,vertical furrow

s Flower:

unisexual, appearing with

the leaves; the staminate,

in interrupted, 4” to 6”hairy catkins; the pistillate,in tw

os or threes on short,hairy stalks Fruit:A

cornslight brow

n or greenishbrow

n; 5⁄8- 3⁄4” long, elliptical,half enclosed by deep, top-shaped cup w

ith borderof rust-colored, hairy scales;m

aturing in second yearW

ildlife:none listed Insect:none

Disease:anthracnose,

bleeding canker, canker,leaf blister, oak w

ilt, rootrot, rust In

teresting Fact:

The bark is an im

portantsource of tannic acid andyellow

dye.

Scientific N

ame:

Pinus echinata

Oth

er Possible

Nam

es:N

orth Carolina

pine, Southern yellow pine,

Southern pine, Yellow pine,

Spruce pine, Rosem

ary pine,O

ld field pine Height/Trunk

Diam

eter:80'-100'; 2-3'

Leaves:

Needlelike, ever-

green; 23⁄4-4

1⁄2” long; 2 or 3needles in a bundle on thesam

e tree, whorled, slender,

flexible, dark green Bark:

on old trunks 3⁄4-1” thick,

broken into large, irregularlyshaped plates, covered w

ithsm

all closely oppressed,light cinnam

on-red scales,pitch pockets visible inplates Flow

er:m

ale—pale

purple, in crowded clusters;

female—pale rose, in clusters

2 or 3 on stout erect stalksFruit:1

1⁄2- 21⁄2” long, conical

or narrowly egg-shaped,

dull brown, short-stalked,

opening at maturity but

remaining attached, cone-

scales thin, keeled, with

small prickle W

ildlife:nonelisted In

sect: Nantucket

pine-tip moth, Southern

pine beetleD

isease:littleleaf disease In

teresting

Fact:T

his is one of the four im

portant Southernyellow

pines.

Scientific Nam

e:Ulm

us rubraO

ther Possible Nam

es:R

ed elm, G

rass elm, M

ooseelm

, Gray elm

, Soft elmH

eight/Trunk Diam

eter:50'-70'; 2-3' L

eaves:alternate;4-7” long, 2-3” w

ide; elliptical,abruptly long-pointed, baserounded w

ith sides veryunequal, doubly saw

-toothedw

ith many straight parallel

side veins, thick; green todark green and very roughabove, densely covered w

ithsoft hairs beneath B

ark:dark reddish brow

n to ashygray, divided into flat, nearlyparallel or anatom

izingridges by shallow

fissures;w

hen blazed, uniformly

reddish brown; inner bark,

fragrant and mucilaginous

when first exposed. Flow

er:appear before the leavesfrom

separate flower buds,

on short pedicels in crowded

fascicles, calyx green, dividedinto 5-9 short, rounded, thinlobes, anthers dark red, stigm

as reddish-purpleFruit:round, flat key, 1⁄2- 3⁄4”long, w

ith a light green,broad, hairless w

ing, slightlynotched at the tip, m

aturingin spring W

ildlife:many

varieties of birds Insect:none

Disease:canker, D

utchelm

, elm yellow

, leaf spotInteresting Fact:T

his treehas a layer of edible barkthat can be used as a coughm

edicine when dried and

moistened.

1A

merican

beech2

Black

oak

ARCHIVE