Brenda M
. Allen
Extension Specialist–U
rban Forestry108 M
. White Sm
ith Hall
Auburn U
niversity, AL
36849-5627(334) 844-1066 FA
X (334) 844-1084
e-mail: ballen@
aces.edu
Marilyn Sim
pson-JohnsonU
rban Affairs
& N
ew N
ontraditional Programs
P.O. B
ox 967, Norm
al, AL
35762(256) 858-4961 FA
X (256) 851-5840
e-mail: m
Tree Board M
embers
Mr. Joe Fletcher, C
hairM
r. Ruben C
audleM
rs. Betty W
illiams
Mr. C
lyde FosterM
rs. Blanche O
rrR
ev. James C
hildress
Special thanks to Antoinette Pulliam
, student assistant, for gathering inform
ation used in this publication.
Photographs by D. A
llen Banks
Urban Forestry Sum
mer Intern
Longleaf pine
Pinus palustris
PecanC
arya illinoensis
Shortleaf pinePinus echinata
Am
erican beechFagus grandifolia
Black oak
Quercus velutina
Hackberry
Celtis occidentalis
Eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginianaSlippery elmU
lmus rubra
Funding for this publication was provided by the U
SDA
Forest Servicethrough the U
rban &C
omm
unity Forestry Financial Assistance Program
.
For information about urban forestry, call your county E
xtensionoffice. L
ook in your telephone directory under your county’s name to find
the number.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative E
xtension work in agriculture and hom
e economics, A
ct of M
ay 8 and June 30, 1914, and other related acts, in cooperation with the U
.S. Departm
ent ofA
griculture. The A
labama C
ooperative Extension System
(Alabam
a A&
MU
niversity and Auburn
University) offers educational program
s, materials, and equal opportunity em
ployment to all
people without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, veteran status, or disability.
New
Septem
ber 2002, AN
R-1231
TR
EE
ST
RIA
NA of
FIEL
DG
UID
E ARCHIVE
Scientific N
ame:
Celtis
occidentalisO
ther Possib
leN
ames:C
omm
on hackberry,Sugarberry, N
ettle tree, Hoop
ash Height/Trunk D
iameter:
50'-90'; 1-3' Leaves:alternate;
simple; serrate m
argin; lanceolate to ovate; 2 to 4”long B
ark:grayish-brow
n, 1-1 1⁄2” thick, m
ay be smooth
or more or less thickly covered
and roughened by irregularw
artlike excrescences or bylong ridges Flow
er:1⁄8” w
ide,greenish; m
ale and female at
base of young leaves in earlyspring Fruit:berrylike, edible,orange-red to dark purple-black, 1⁄4- 3⁄8” in diam
eter, on a slender stalk W
ildlife:many
birds, squirrels, chipmunks,
small rodents, quail, turkey,
pheasant, grouse, woodpecker,
cedar waxw
ing Insect:
mourning cloak butterfly
Disease:leaf spots, w
itches’-broom
, powdery m
ildew,
gonoderma rot, hackberry
nipple-gall Interesting Fact:H
ackberry is a comm
on treeof secondary im
portance tothe A
merican lum
ber industry.
Scientific N
ame:
Juniperusvirginiana
Oth
er Possible
Nam
es:Pencil cedar, Virginia
juniper, Red juniper, R
edcedar, Savin, C
edar, Juniperbush H
eight/Trunk Diam
eter:40'-50'; 1-2' L
eaves:evergreen,opposite in four row
s forming
slender four-angled twigs, 1⁄16”
long to 3⁄8” long on leaders,
scalelike, not toothlike; darkgreen w
ith gland-dot Bark:
reddish brown, thin, som
ewhat
grooved, peeling off in longfibrous strips Flow
er:borne incones; stam
inate cones 1⁄8- 1⁄4”long, oblong to ovate, yellow
,in great num
bers; pistillatecones solitary, term
inal, about1⁄16” long, ovoid, consisting of about six fleshy, spreading,acute, bluish, scales Fruit:subglobose, pale or blue-green,som
ewhat angled, berrylike
cone, 1⁄4 -
1⁄3” in diameter,
becomes glaucous in autum
n,w
ith firm epiderm
is and thinsw
eet flesh, seeds 1-2 wingless,
1⁄16 - 1⁄8” long Wildlife:cedar
waxw
ing Insect: noneD
isease:blight, canker, C
ercosporasequoiae, dendrothele, nirosa,w
ood rot Interesting Fact:T
his plant can withstand
extreme drought, heat and
cold, also stays green all year.
Scientific N
ame:
Pinus palustris
Oth
er Possible
Nam
es:H
ard pine, Heart
pine, Long straw
pine, Pitchpine H
eight/Trunk Diam
eter:80'-100'; 2-2
1⁄2' Leaves:spiral;
2 or 3 needles; 8 to 14” long B
ark:1⁄16-
1⁄2” on trunk, lightorange-brow
n, separating onthe surface into large, closelyoppressed scales Flow
er:m
ale—dark rose-purple, many
clustered; female—dark purple,
in pairs or clusters of three orfour Fruit:6-10” long, narrow
lyconical or cylindrical, dullbrow
n, almost stalkless,
opening and shedding atm
aturity, cone scales raised,keeled, w
ith small prickle
Wildlife:m
any birds, squirrels,sm
all rodents Insect: pine
wood nem
atodeD
isease:butt rot, canker, cone rust,dieback, needle blight, pitchcanker, w
ood rot InterestingFact:T
his tree has the longestneedles and the largest conesof any pine in the E
ast. This is
the largest and most im
portantof the Southern yellow
pines.
Scientific N
ame:
Carya
illinoensisO
ther Possib
leN
ames:Pecan nut, Pecanier,
Pecan tree Height/Trunk
Diam
eter:100'; 3' Leaves:
alternate, pinnately compound,
11-17”; slightly sickle-shapedleaflets, 2-7” long, long-pointedat tip, finely saw
-toothed,shortstalked, hairless or slightlyhairy, yellow
-green above,paler beneath, turning yellowin autum
n Bark:1-1
1⁄2” thick,light brow
n tinged with red,
deeply divided irregularly intonarrow
-forked ridges brokenon the surface into thickoppressed scales Flow
er:unisexual, both sexes borne in separate clusters on thesam
e tree; staminate flow
ers,in three-branched 3” to 5”am
ents, each with 5 or 6 yellow
stamens subtended by a 2- or
3-lobed calyx; pistillate flowers,
borne in few- to several-
flowered spikes, yellow
, hairy,slightly four-angled Fruit:1
1⁄4 -2” long, oblong, short-pointedat tip, rounded at base, w
iththin husk becom
ing darkbrow
n, splitting to base alongfour ridges, 3-10 in cluster;pecan nut light brow
n with
darker marking, thin-shelled,
with edible seed W
ildlife:
many birds, squirrels,
chipmunks, sm
all rodentsIn
sect: nematode
Disease:
anthracnose, bunch disease,canker, dieback, leaf spot,m
istletoe, nut rot, powdery
mildew
, smooth patch, w
itches’-broom
Interesting Fact:Pecan
is one of the most valuable
cultivated plants originating inN
orth Am
erica.
34
5
6
78
Hackberry
Eastern
red cedar
Longleaf
pine
Pecan
Shortleafpine
Slipperyelm
INT
RO
DU
CT
ION
The follow
ing tree guide will give you an inside view
of eight differentspecies of trees com
monly found in Triana, A
labama. T
hese particulartrees are m
arked in various places around Triana such as Flamingo
Park and the playground. This guide is intended to help you identify
these tree species.
Scientific Nam
e:Fagus grandifolia
Other Possible
Nam
es:none listedH
eight/Trunk Diam
eter:60'-80'; 1-2
1⁄2' Leaves:
Alternate, sim
ple, serratem
argin, oblong to ovate, 2 to 5” long B
ark:close fitting, blue-gray, sm
ooth,thin, frequently m
ottledw
ith dark bands and blotchesFlow
er:male—sm
all, yellow
ish with m
any stam
ens, crowded in ball
3⁄4to 1” in diameter, hanging
on slender hairy stalks to2”; fem
ale—about 1⁄4”long,
bordered by narrow hairy
reddish scales, two at end of
short stalk Fruit:1⁄2- 3⁄4” long;
short-stalked light brown
prickly burs; maturing in
autumn and splitting into
four parts usually two nuts
(edible), about 5⁄8” long, three-angled; shiny brow
n,know
n as beechnutsW
ildlife:attracts squirrels,raccoons, chipm
unks, bears,other m
amm
als, and game
birds such as blue jays, titm
ice, grosbeaks, nuthatches,w
oodpeckers Insect: aphids,brow
n wood borer, beech
scale, two-lined chestnut
borer, caterpillarsD
isease:leaf spots, pow
dery mildew
,bleeding canker, leaf m
ottle,beech bark disease, cankerInteresting Fact:It is usedin lim
ited quantities in thesoda process of pulp m
anufacturing.
Scientific Nam
e:Quercus
velutinaO
ther PossibleN
ames:Yellow
oak, Dyer's
oak, Tanbark oak, Smooth-
bark oak, Quercitron oak
Height/Trunk D
iameter:
50'-80'; 1-21⁄2' L
eaves:alternate, 4-9” long, 3-6”w
ide, elliptical, usually with
7-9 lobes, either shallow or
deep and narrow, ending in
a few bristle-tipped teeth,
slightly brown beneath
Bark:sm
ooth, dark brown,
with orange-yellow
innerbark, becom
ing 1 to 11⁄2”
thick, almost black, and
dividing into broad, scalyridges separated by deep,vertical furrow
s Flower:
unisexual, appearing with
the leaves; the staminate,
in interrupted, 4” to 6”hairy catkins; the pistillate,in tw
os or threes on short,hairy stalks Fruit:A
cornslight brow
n or greenishbrow
n; 5⁄8- 3⁄4” long, elliptical,half enclosed by deep, top-shaped cup w
ith borderof rust-colored, hairy scales;m
aturing in second yearW
ildlife:none listed Insect:none
Disease:anthracnose,
bleeding canker, canker,leaf blister, oak w
ilt, rootrot, rust In
teresting Fact:
The bark is an im
portantsource of tannic acid andyellow
dye.
Scientific N
ame:
Pinus echinata
Oth
er Possible
Nam
es:N
orth Carolina
pine, Southern yellow pine,
Southern pine, Yellow pine,
Spruce pine, Rosem
ary pine,O
ld field pine Height/Trunk
Diam
eter:80'-100'; 2-3'
Leaves:
Needlelike, ever-
green; 23⁄4-4
1⁄2” long; 2 or 3needles in a bundle on thesam
e tree, whorled, slender,
flexible, dark green Bark:
on old trunks 3⁄4-1” thick,
broken into large, irregularlyshaped plates, covered w
ithsm
all closely oppressed,light cinnam
on-red scales,pitch pockets visible inplates Flow
er:m
ale—pale
purple, in crowded clusters;
female—pale rose, in clusters
2 or 3 on stout erect stalksFruit:1
1⁄2- 21⁄2” long, conical
or narrowly egg-shaped,
dull brown, short-stalked,
opening at maturity but
remaining attached, cone-
scales thin, keeled, with
small prickle W
ildlife:nonelisted In
sect: Nantucket
pine-tip moth, Southern
pine beetleD
isease:littleleaf disease In
teresting
Fact:T
his is one of the four im
portant Southernyellow
pines.
Scientific Nam
e:Ulm
us rubraO
ther Possible Nam
es:R
ed elm, G
rass elm, M
ooseelm
, Gray elm
, Soft elmH
eight/Trunk Diam
eter:50'-70'; 2-3' L
eaves:alternate;4-7” long, 2-3” w
ide; elliptical,abruptly long-pointed, baserounded w
ith sides veryunequal, doubly saw
-toothedw
ith many straight parallel
side veins, thick; green todark green and very roughabove, densely covered w
ithsoft hairs beneath B
ark:dark reddish brow
n to ashygray, divided into flat, nearlyparallel or anatom
izingridges by shallow
fissures;w
hen blazed, uniformly
reddish brown; inner bark,
fragrant and mucilaginous
when first exposed. Flow
er:appear before the leavesfrom
separate flower buds,
on short pedicels in crowded
fascicles, calyx green, dividedinto 5-9 short, rounded, thinlobes, anthers dark red, stigm
as reddish-purpleFruit:round, flat key, 1⁄2- 3⁄4”long, w
ith a light green,broad, hairless w
ing, slightlynotched at the tip, m
aturingin spring W
ildlife:many
varieties of birds Insect:none
Disease:canker, D
utchelm
, elm yellow
, leaf spotInteresting Fact:T
his treehas a layer of edible barkthat can be used as a coughm
edicine when dried and
moistened.
1A
merican
beech2
Black
oak
ARCHIVE