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TREFN LYWODRAETHU WELL I GYMRU SWYDDFA CYM A CYMRU

TREFN LYWODRAETHU WELL I GYMRU · The Rt Hon Peter Hain MP I am proud to have been one of those who fought hardest for ... participatory and effective. Secretary of State for Wales

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Page 1: TREFN LYWODRAETHU WELL I GYMRU · The Rt Hon Peter Hain MP I am proud to have been one of those who fought hardest for ... participatory and effective. Secretary of State for Wales

TREFN LYWODRAETHU WELL I GYMRU

SWYDDFA CYMA CYMRU

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Page 3: TREFN LYWODRAETHU WELL I GYMRU · The Rt Hon Peter Hain MP I am proud to have been one of those who fought hardest for ... participatory and effective. Secretary of State for Wales

Cm 6582

Better Governance for Wales

Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for WalesBy Command of Her Majesty

June 2005

£9.00

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© Crown Copyright 2005

The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and departmental logos) maybe reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproducedaccurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledgedas Crown copyright and the title of the document specified.

Any enquiries relating to the copyright in this document should be addressed to TheLicensing Division, HMSO, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich, NR3 1BQ. Fax: 01603 723000 or e-mail: [email protected]

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BetterGovernance for Wales

Foreword by the Secretary ofState for Wales

Introduction

The New Executive Structure

Enhancing the Assembly’s LegislativePowers

Electoral issues

Conclusion

1

Better Governance for Wales

Contents

CHAPTER ONE

CHAPTER TWO

CHAPTER THREE

CHAPTER FOUR

CHAPTER FIVE

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MinisterialForeword

By the Secretary of Statefor Wales,

The Rt Hon Peter Hain MP

I am proud to have been one of those who fought hardest fordevolution. It has proved a success for Wales and for the rest of theUnited Kingdom. By establishing the Assembly, following theendorsement of a referendum, the Government has moved the processof decision-making closer to the people.

And, six years on, we in Wales can clearly demonstrate the benefits:record employment, rising standards in education, and ground-breaking initiatives, such as a Children’s Commissioner, free bus travelfor the elderly and disabled, and the piloting of a Welsh Baccalaureate.

With equal numbers of male and female members, and pioneeringcommitments to open government, sustainable development and equalopportunities, the Assembly has been a progressive institution, whichhas rapidly established itself as part of our political landscape, andattracted interest from around the world.

The Assembly has given Wales a stronger, more democraticallyaccountable voice in Britain and in Europe. And the partnership withthe UK Government has worked well, with Wales Office Ministersrepresenting Wales’ interests at the Cabinet table, across Whitehall andin Parliament, and no fewer than six Wales-only Bills coming beforeParliament since devolution in 1999.

Devolution has strengthened the United Kingdom, not weakened it, asopponents once claimed. Indeed Nationalism has waned in Wales sincethe Assembly was established. Independence is now seen as eccentricwhereas it could have gained momentum in a backlash against‘London rule’ in the 1980s and 1990s without the prospect ofdevolution reform from 1997.

However, much has changed, both in Wales and the wider world sinceParliament debated the Government of Wales Bill seven years ago. Asa result of the Government’s prudent economic management andsustained levels of public investment, the budget of the NationalAssembly has expanded greatly from some £8 billion in 1999 to over£12 billion in 2005-06 and is planned to rise to £13.5 billion in 2007-08. The responsibilities of the Assembly have also increased. In thepast year alone, Westminster has transferred a number of importantnew responsibilities, in animal health, the fire service, student supportand children’s services. So devolution has not stood still, it hasevolved.

After the experience of six years of the Assembly in operation, andtwo full sets of elections, it is appropriate now to review and improvethe working of the Assembly. This is not to make change for change’ssake, but to ensure that it continues to meet people’s needs in Walesand remains accessible and accountable to them.

Better Governance for Wales

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Better Governance for Wales

This document highlights three key issues that the Governmentbelieves we need to tackle to develop the devolution settlement tomake it work more effectively and so deliver better governance forWales.

Firstly, the Assembly has called for a formal separation between itsexecutive and legislative branches, so that it is clear to the public whois actually responsible for decisions. Often, decisions are made in thename of the Assembly which are in fact, quite properly, theresponsibility of one Minister or official, making it hard to know whoshould be accountable to the public for them. This mirrors the concernwhich gave impetus to similar changes in local government in recentyears; the Assembly also wishes to establish an executive (or Cabinet)which is clearly responsible for decisions and accountable to alegislature (the Assembly).

Secondly, though there has been significant Wales-only legislation atWestminster since devolution, there is considerable support for findingways of enabling the Assembly Government to secure its legislativepriorities more quickly and more easily, within its current areas ofresponsibility. Both the House of Commons Select Committee onWelsh Affairs in its report on the Primary Legislative Process as itaffects Wales in 2003, and the House of Lords Select Committee onthe Constitution in its report on Devolution in 2002, maderecommendations in this area.

Finally voters are confused and concerned by the way the Assembly’selectoral system permits candidates who lose in a first past the postconstituency ballot still to become Assembly Members representing thesame area through the regional list system and competing withAssembly Members who defeated them. With turnout at the Assemblyelections in 2003 at disappointingly low levels, providing a backdoorroute for election for those who have been defeated at constituencylevel can be a disincentive for voters, and can lead to unnecessarytensions between Assembly Members.

The Government was elected on a manifesto commitment to amendthe current system in these areas of concern. This White Papertherefore sets out how we propose to change the corporate status ofthe Assembly, and explores some of the consequences of that. Itexplains how we intend to provide enhanced legislative powers for theAssembly and to remove the confusion in the electoral system.

One of the key reasons why the transition to devolved government inWales has been a smooth one is because we have moved at a pacedetermined by the people of Wales. These new proposals reflect thatguiding principle by providing a practical, common sense route-map tobetter governance. It is a way forward designed to meet the needs andaspirations of the people of Wales.

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Better Governance for Wales

Our objective is to build a Wales that is world class, economicallycompetitive and enjoying high quality public services; and to underpinthat with a reformed structure of governance that is more accountable,participatory and effective.

Secretary of State for Wales

June 2005

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Chapter one

5

Better Governance for Wales

Introduction

1.1 The Welsh devolution settlement established by the Governmentof Wales Act 1998 is an innovative one. As well as givingpeople in Wales a real say over the key decisions affecting theireveryday lives, the Government’s aim was to facilitate a newway of working by drawing on the best of both the Westminsterand local government models.

1.2 The legislation was developed in the light of the narrowreferendum victory to reflect the particular needs andcircumstances of Wales, and to ensure that the whole of Walesfelt a degree of ownership of the new institution.

1.3 In the six years since the Assembly was established, it hasbecome an accepted part of the Welsh political landscape. Theeconomy in Wales has prospered as a result of the partnershipbetween the UK Government and the Welsh AssemblyGovernment (the executive arm of the Assembly). TheAssembly Government has developed a distinctive and popularrange of policies including the abolition of prescription charges,Assembly Learning Grants for further and higher educationstudents, and free breakfasts for primary school children.

1.4 The current settlement provides for Government Ministers totransfer additional functions to the Assembly. This is workingwell; for example, the Assembly has recently gained powers inrelation to animal health and has taken responsibility for theChildren and Family Court Advisory and Support Service(CAFCASS) in Wales.

1.5 But whilst the system has operated effectively, and governmenthas been brought closer to the people in many different ways,there is a need to learn from the experience of the past six years.We should be seeking to make common-sense adjustments to thestructure of governance for Wales which will make it both moreaccountable and more effective.

1.6 The Government has therefore concluded that the Welshsettlement can be improved in three specific areas. Detaileddiscussion of the issues appears in the next three chapters, butthey are summarised below. These are proposals for Wales,based on the needs and concerns of Welsh people.

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THE STATUS OF THEASSEMBLY

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1.7 The National Assembly for Wales was created as a singlecorporate body. This means that one organisation is responsiblefor discharging both legislative and executive functions, ratherthan separate organisations being responsible for each of theseas in the traditional Westminster/Whitehall model.

1.8 One of the reasons why a corporate structure was favouredwhen the original legislation was drafted was that it drew uponexisting practice in local government at that time. But over thepast few years, Welsh local authorities have moved to a Cabinetstyle of government with executive members taking decisionsand being held to account by overview and scrutiny committees.

1.9 Under the Assembly’s existing arrangements, executive functionsare not conferred on Ministers as happens in the traditionalmodel. Instead they are conferred on the Assembly as a whole.The Assembly Members then delegate these functions to theFirst Minister by a vote in a plenary session-delegations whichcan be withdrawn at any time by another plenary resolution.

1.10 The lack of a clear separation between the Assembly itself andAssembly Ministers and the civil servants working for themcreates two problems. Firstly, it has generated considerableconfusion. While those closely involved in the systemunderstand how it works, the wider public in Wales generally isconfused about who is responsible for decisions that affectthem.

1.11 The day to day business of governing Wales is carried out byAssembly Ministers under those Ministerial powers delegated tothem by the Assembly. The confusion arises when thesedecisions are quite properly described as taken by “theAssembly”; people naturally assume that all Assembly Memberswere fully involved, when in fact – quite correctly under theterms of the delegation – they may not have been consulted.And if there are court proceedings as a result of an action of theAssembly Government, the Assembly itself is a party to thoseproceedings even though most Assembly Members may not havebeen aware of the action complained of.

1.12 Equally, policy makers and interest groups who want to engageAssembly Ministers and civil servants working for them ininitial discussions about matters of mutual concern areconcerned about confidentiality. They assume that because theAssembly is a corporate body, what is said to Ministers mustimmediately be passed on to Assembly Members. This can leadto Assembly Ministers not being consulted until proposals areready for public consultation, which can result in unnecessarycontroversy. As people have become used to working with the

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Better Governance for Wales

Assembly, this problem has decreased, but there are still manyareas in which the confusion exists, both inside and outsidegovernment.

1.13 Given these uncertainties, it is not surprising that, in its reporton the 2003 Assembly elections, the Electoral Commissionhighlighted the low level of public awareness of who does whatin the Assembly and ignorance over its powers andresponsibilities as contributory factors in the relatively lowlevels of turn-out.

1.14 The second issue arising from the corporate structure of theAssembly relates to the scrutiny of Ministers. Welsh devolutionwas intended to give greater democratic accountability fordecisions about government activity in Wales, and to a largeextent this aim has been achieved. The work of the Assembly inplenary and in Committee has meant far greater discussion ofdecisions taken by the Assembly Government than was possiblebefore devolution in relation to decisions taken by the Secretaryof State.

1.15 The structure of the committees means that they play animportant role in policy development, with the relevant Ministeras a member of the committee to aid that role. However, thisstructure can mean that committees are not able to devotesufficient time to questioning Ministers and that they may findit difficult to switch from a consensual policy developmentmode to one of scrutiny where the Minister is subjected todetailed questioning.

1.16 This is of concern to many commentators, including AssemblyMembers, Assembly Ministers themselves and theCommission on the Powers and Electoral Arrangements of theNational Assembly for Wales, chaired by Lord Richard, whichreported in March 2004.

1.17 The Assembly has done its best to address these problems bymaking clear the distinction between the Assembly and theexecutive within the terms of the current settlement. Followingthe Assembly’s own cross-Party review of procedures in 2001-2it was unanimously resolved to create a de facto separationbetween the “executive” (Welsh Assembly Government) and the“legislative” arms of the Assembly, in as far as it was possible todo so within the terms of the Government of Wales Act.However, while this has helped the operation of the currentsystem, it does not solve the underlying problem.

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THE LEGISLATIVEPOWERS OF THE

ASSEMBLY

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Better Governance for Wales

1.18 It is generally agreed that these problems cannot be resolvedunder the present structure. This White Paper thereforecontains the Government’s proposals for legislation to effect aformal separation between the Assembly and the WelshAssembly Government. This change would make for bettergovernment and better public understanding of the differencesbetween the responsibilities of Ministers on the one hand andthe roles of opposition parties and backbenchers of all partieson the other.

1.19 The Government has worked with the Assembly Government inCardiff to ensure that primary legislation has been secured toenable it to deliver its distinctive policy agenda for Wales.

1.20 Since its creation, the Assembly has made 23 bids for primarylegislation, no fewer than 17 of which have resulted inlegislation or proposals for legislation, often in Bills with asignificant number of Welsh clauses. However, as the RichardCommission noted “even with goodwill on both sides, there arepractical constraints on the achievement of the Assembly’slegislative requirements”.

1.21 A particular problem is that the Assembly has to competealongside Whitehall departments when bidding for legislativetime at Westminster. This has meant that on occasion, theAssembly Government has been unable to take prompt action inan area of policy where the public expects it to be able to do so,and that can be the case even where the proposed legislationwould be non-contentious, such as the inclusion of sociallandlords in the remit of the Welsh Housing Ombudsman.

1.22 A formal separation between the Assembly and the WelshAssembly Government, as proposed in this White Paper, willaffect how the Assembly and its Committees operate in relationto legislation. Under this Westminster-type model, the role of theAssembly must be primarily legislative. Once executive powersare conferred directly on Assembly Ministers, theiraccountability to the Assembly will no longer depend on thedelegation of those functions. It is important, therefore, thatAssembly Members have a significant role in deciding thelegislative framework under which Assembly Ministers operate.

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THE ELECTORALSYSTEM

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Better Governance for Wales

1.23 The Government is committed to ensuring that the Assemblyhas the tools to deliver change in the areas for which it hasresponsibility. We are therefore proposing to give the Assembly,gradually over a number of years, enhanced legislative powersin defined policy areas where it already has executive functions.

1.24 First, the Government intends immediately, in drafting primarylegislation relating to Wales, to delegate to the Assemblymaximum discretion in making its own provisions, using itssecondary legislative powers. This will not require any changeto the provisions of the Government of Wales Act 1998.

1.25 As a further enhancement of the Assembly’s legislative powers,which would require primary legislation, the Governmentproposes to put in place a procedure enabling Parliament to givethe Assembly powers to modify legislation or make newprovision on specific matters or within defined areas of policywithin the fields in which the Assembly currently exercisesfunctions. Orders in Council conferring these powers would bemade at the request of the Assembly and would be subject tospecific authorisation by Parliament. They would relate tospecific pieces of legislation or clearly defined topics, whichcould cover a wide or narrow area.

1.26 In the long-term, the Assembly could be given general powers tomake primary legislation in those areas where functions havealready been devolved. As a fundamental change to the Welshsettlement, this would require the support of the Welshelectorate through a post-legislative referendum. TheGovernment envisages no particular timetable for this as itwould be dependent on a consensus which does not exist atpresent. However, in order to avoid the necessity of a thirdGovernment of Wales Bill should such a consensus emerge, theGovernment proposes to provide for this option in theforthcoming legislation, so that a referendum seeking theelectorate’s approval for the transfer of primary law-makingpowers in devolved areas could be called at some time in thefuture.

1.27 The Additional Member System by which Assembly membersare elected has worked well in ensuring representation in theAssembly of all those parties that have commanded a significantproportion of the vote in Assembly elections. However, thesystem does have one weakness that the Government believesshould be addressed in the light of the discussion on this issuewhich has taken place in Wales.

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1.28 The electoral system in the UK has historically attached greatimportance to the relationship between Members - whether ofParliament, local authorities or the devolved bodies - and theirconstituents. The present operation of the regional lists inWales is damaging that relationship.

1.29 There is considerable dissatisfaction that candidates who arerejected by a particular constituency can still become AssemblyMembers through the regional list and so be able to claim torepresent the constituency that rejected them. It has happenedin Wales that candidates defeated in a constituency have becomeAssembly members via the regional list for that sameconstituency. This can have done little to enhance the credibilityof the electoral process or the voters’ level of engagement withit. It also causes considerable confusion among the electoratethat list members can set up constituency offices and seek todeal with constituency case work as a “local member” incompetition with the constituency member.

1.30 The Government therefore proposes to legislate to provide thatcandidates should be able to stand either in a constituency or onthe party list, but not both. This would ensure that candidateswho had been rejected by the voters in a particular constituencycould not then become members of the Assembly via the list,and claim to represent that constituency.

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Chapter two

THE BACKGROUND

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Better Governance for Wales

A New Executive Structure

2.1 This chapter sets out the Government’s proposals to change theprovisions in the Government of Wales Act to allow for thecreation of a separate Ministerial executive authority for Wales,fully accountable to the National Assembly but legally distinctfrom it. This will strengthen the accountability of Ministers byfacilitating more detailed scrutiny of their actions and provide aless confusing and more open and effective decision-makingprocess to which the public can relate.

2.2 Under “Westminster Model” constitutions, executive andlegislative authority are separate but inter-related. At the UnitedKingdom level, the division is between Ministers of the Crownon the one hand, and Parliament on the other. Although theGovernment of the day derives its democratic authority frommajority party support in Parliament and is accountable toParliament in the way in which it exercises its powers, Ministersare actually appointed to office by Her Majesty and exercisetheir powers as Ministers of the Crown. The devolutionarrangements created for Scotland by the Scotland Act 1998follow this traditional pattern. The Scottish First Minister isappointed by Her Majesty. Both he and other Ministers (whotogether form the Scottish Executive) exercise their statutoryfunctions on behalf of the Crown, but are accountable to theScottish Parliament. (This arrangement is characteristic ofWestminster model constitutions even where there are noinstitutions of monarchy; so, for example, Irish CabinetMinisters receive their seals of office from the President of theRepublic but answer to the Dáil for their conduct of affairs).

2.3 The structure of the Assembly, established under theGovernment of Wales Act 1998, is very different. The NationalAssembly for Wales was created as a single corporate body withits own legal personality. Under the Act, there is no formaldivision between executive and legislative authority in Wales.The Assembly’s functions are discharged either by the Assemblyitself, for example when exercising its legislative powers, or bythose (usually Ministers but occasionally officials) acting on itsbehalf under a complex system of delegations of executiveauthority.

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2.4 These arrangements have not prevented the Assembly fromoperating effectively since its creation six years ago. However,they have undesirable consequences and limitations which needto be addressed:

� Accountability is confused. Decisions are said to be taken

by “the Assembly”, whereas in most cases few Assembly

Members are party to them or will know much about them.

This is because in reality, and perfectly properly, the decisions

have been taken by individual Ministers or civil servants under

their delegated powers. People in Wales ought, however, to

know and be able to see who is actually responsible for

decisions and who is accountable for them. Attributing such

decisions to the Assembly as a corporate whole clouds this

accountability.

� The civil service supporting the Assembly is expected to

serve both the Ministers discharging executive functions and

also the legislative branch of the Assembly which holds

Ministers to account. This can be managed on a pragmatic basis

for most civil servants most of the time. But it can place officers

at the highest levels of the civil service in Wales in difficult

positions of apparently conflicting loyalties. As the Richard

Commission Report pointed out, “the clarity of differing

responsibilities that applies to parliamentary and government

officials in Scotland, Northern Ireland, Westminster and most

Commonwealth countries does not apply in Wales”. In the

Government’s view, it is now time that it should.

� Ministers act as delegates on behalf of the Assembly, rather

than in their own right as appointees of the Crown. This means

that their delegated authority to take any or all decisions

could be withdrawn at any time by a simple majority vote in the

Assembly. That is, in the Government’s view, far too insecure a

foundation on which to build effective government for Wales in

a sustainable way. It means, for example, that on a single vote

in plenary, the Assembly could move from a Ministerial to a

committee-based model of decision-making. In contrast local

government in Wales has moved away from the traditional

committee structure and adopted an “executive and scrutiny

committee” model.

� Another feature of the “Ministers as delegates” model which

can give rise to practical difficulty is that, like other Assembly

Members, Ministers cease to be AMs immediately before an

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Better Governance for Wales

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EXECUTIVEAUTHORITY

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Better Governance for Wales

Assembly election. They therefore also cease to be Ministers

and there are no elected politicians who can exercise executive

functions until after a new First Minister has been elected by the

Assembly. Following a close election outcome, this might

take some time, during which civil servants would have to take

any necessary executive decisions without political direction.

That is not, in the Government’s view, an appropriate

arrangement.

2.5 The Assembly has itself identified these weaknesses in itsinstitutional design. In February 2002 it unanimously agreed aresolution calling for as clear as possible a separation betweenthe work of its executive and legislative arms as the legalconstraints of the Government of Wales Act permit. Morerecently, in its response to the report of the Richard Commissionin October 2004, the Assembly adopted a resolution calling forlegislation to effect a formal separation between its executiveand legislative branches. The Government agrees that such aformal separation is now required as a matter of priority, anddetailed proposals for achieving this are set out in the remainderof this chapter.

(i) Ministers

2.6 Under the Government’s proposals, the terms “First Minister”and “Assembly Ministers” will be put on a statutory footing.The First Minister will be appointed by Her Majesty fromamongst AMs on the nomination of the Assembly and will then,with Her Majesty’s approval, appoint other Ministers. Theprovisions in the Government of Wales Act will be changed toallow for the appointment of deputy Ministers, who will also beappointed by the First Minister in the same way and will receivea salary. Ministers will discharge their legal responsibilities onbehalf of the Crown rather than by delegation on behalf of theAssembly. The Welsh Assembly Ministers collectively will beknown as the Welsh Assembly Government.

(ii) Counsel General

2.7 Under the Welsh devolution settlement, the UK Governmentretains responsibility for a number of significant areas ofgovernment including criminal and civil justice and the courts.This reflects the fact that England and Wales comprise a singlelegal jurisdiction. Legal advice in relation to Wales for suchmatters is provided to the UK Government by the UK LawOfficers.

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2.8 However, the role of providing authoritative legal advice to theAssembly Government cannot be carried out by the UK LawOfficers, since they are members of a different administration.This role has been exercised by the Assembly’s Counsel General,a member of the Assembly’s staff. The new status of WelshAssembly Ministers as Ministers of the Crown, and thedeveloping role of devolved government for Wales, now makesit appropriate to make more formal provision. A new statutorypost of Counsel General to the Assembly Government, willtherefore be created.

2.9 The Counsel General will be appointed by Her Majesty on therecommendation of the First Minister made with the agreementof the Assembly. He or she will be a member of the WelshAssembly Government but need not necessarily be an AssemblyMember. The Counsel General will be able to address theAssembly, for example to answer AMs’ questions. His or herprincipal role will be to advise the Welsh Assembly Ministers onlegal matters relating to the exercise of their devolved functions.The Counsel General will also have the power, as do the UKLaw Officers, to refer to the courts any issue as to whether theAssembly (acting as a legislature) or the Assembly Governmentare acting within their legal powers.

(iii) The civil service

2.10 Civil servants will in future act exclusively in support of theWelsh Assembly Ministers. This will affect the position of thosestaff currently working in the Assembly Parliamentary Service.They are the nearest Welsh equivalents to the staff employed bythe Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body, who providesupport for the Scottish Parliament. These implications arefurther discussed in paragraph 2.20 below. Because WelshAssembly Ministers and civil servants will in future be acting onbehalf of the Crown, it will be possible to do away with thecomplex delegation arrangements currently required by theGovernment of Wales Act when functions are being dischargedon Ministers’ behalf by their staff.

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MINISTERIALFUNCTIONS

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Better Governance for Wales

2.11 Under the “corporate body” structure created by theGovernment of Wales Act, it is the Assembly as a whole (ratherthan Ministers) which has legal responsibility for theperformance of statutory functions (powers and duties). Thesefunctions derive from very many Acts of Parliament, includingones passed before 1999, when the Assembly came into being,and from others passed since, and they also include functionscreated by the Government of Wales Act itself. As part of theformal separation of the Assembly’s executive and legislativeelements, it will be necessary to decide, in relation to eachfunction, who should be responsible for discharging it in thefuture.

2.12 The Government based its original devolution proposals ontransferring to the Assembly the wide range of statutoryfunctions exercised at the time by the Secretary of State forWales. As a consequence, the vast majority of the Assembly’scurrent functions are of a Ministerial or executive character. TheBill formalising the separation of executive and legislative armswill therefore transfer responsibility for most of the Assembly’scurrent executive functions to Welsh Assembly Ministers. Thesewill include the kind of powers to make subordinate legislationtraditionally exercised by Ministers under the Westminster (andEdinburgh) model. The Assembly will however retain importantlegislative functions (as well as gaining powers under theproposals set out in Chapter 3). Some important kinds oflegislative orders may continue to be made by it, and itsapproval will be required for others. Other orders made byMinisters will be open to be annulled by AMs. Theresponsibility for the final approval of major statutory strategicplans such as the Wales Spatial Plan will continue to rest withthe Assembly even after the separation takes effect; the Billimplementing the Government’s proposals will makeappropriate provision for these matters.

2.13 Some specific statutory duties are laid on the Assembly as acorporate whole by the Government of Wales Act. Examplesare those requiring it to publish an annual report on itsarrangements for securing equality of opportunity in dischargingits functions, and to make a scheme setting out how itproposes, in the exercise of its functions, to promote sustainabledevelopment. Since these functions are to be exercised in futureby Welsh Assembly Ministers rather than by the Assembly as awhole, the corresponding duties will also fall on Ministers. Inthe same way, Ministers will in future be responsible fordischarging the various duties currently laid on the Assembly to

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SCRUTINISINGMINISTERS

establish partnership or consultative arrangements withbusiness, local government and the voluntary sector (although itwould of course remain possible for AMs, including those fromopposition parties, to attend such meetings at Ministers’invitation). Consultation or joint-decision making arrangementswith UK Ministers will be formally expressed as theresponsibility of Welsh Assembly Ministers rather than of theAssembly. (In fact, this will do no more than bring the formallegal position into line with what actually happens now).Future Acts of Parliament will normally confer executivefunctions on Welsh Assembly Ministers rather than on theAssembly.

2.14 The Government of Wales Act requires that each Minister whohas responsibility for a particular portfolio has to be a memberof a subject committee whose remit exactly mirrors that of theMinister. The functions of subject committees include scrutinyof Ministers’ performance in relation to their portfolios throughreceipt and questioning of regular Ministerial reports, but inaddition they are expected to contribute (side by side with theMinister) to policy development within each portfolio area. TheRichard Commission concluded however that Ministers’membership of subject committees had inhibited the exercise ofan effective scrutiny function, and that a culture of scrutiny ontraditional parliamentary lines had failed to develop. Thepresent arrangements had served to blur accountability. TheCommission accordingly recommended that Ministers shouldcease to be members of subject committees.

2.15 The Government agrees with that analysis. One way forwardcould simply be to remove the provision in the Act requiringMinisters to be members of the relevant subject committees. TheGovernment however favours a more wide-ranging reform.Comparison of the Government of Wales Act with the ScotlandAct shows that the former is significantly more prescriptive inspecifying an elaborate committee structure that must be put inplace. In addition to the (currently seven) subject committees,the Act requires the Assembly to have an Audit Committee, aSubordinate Legislation Scrutiny Committee, and (currentlyfour) regional committees, as well as an Executive Committee(the Cabinet). The Scotland Act, on the other hand, makes onlya basic reference to committees. Whether to establish particularcommittees and what tasks they should be set are matters leftalmost entirely to the Scottish Parliament’s Standing Orders.

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2.16 In the Government’s view, this simple and straightforwardapproach ought now to apply to the Assembly. The Assemblyshould generally be able to establish such committees as it seesfit, in accordance with its Standing Orders. The only legislativecontrol which should be required would be to lay down theprinciple that in determining the membership of suchcommittees as the Assembly chooses to set up it should haveregard to the balance of political parties in the Assembly. TheGovernment therefore proposes that, with limited exceptions,the existing statutory restrictions relating to Assemblycommittees (including that requiring Ministerial membership ofsubject committees) should be removed, and should be replacedby a simple provision that the Assembly’s internal organisationand procedures should be regulated by its own Standing Orders.One clear exception to this general rule would be the continuingrequirement for an Audit Committee, to which importantfunctions have been given directly by other legislation.

2.17 In proposing this approach, the Government is not expressingany view on the current structure of Assembly committees. Itmay well be that the Assembly will choose to retain many ofthose already in place. The crucial point is that the Assembly’scommittee structure should in future be a matter for Assemblydiscretion rather than be fixed by statute: the Assembly shouldbe free to establish such committees as it considers necessary inorder to ensure that effective scrutiny of Ministers takes place.

2.18 Scrutiny will be particularly important in relation to the WelshAssembly Government’s expenditure. The Assembly’s resourcesare determined by application of the Barnett Formula. Thecurrent arrangement is for Parliament to vote resources to theSecretary of State for Wales, who passes them to the Assemblyafter taking a “top-slice” to meet the costs of the Wales Office.This arrangement will continue once the Assembly’s legislativeand executive elements are separated, except that it will benecessary for the Assembly, having received moneys from theSecretary of State, to vote resources to the Welsh AssemblyGovernment and to hold the Welsh Assembly Ministers toaccount for the use made of those resources. The Assembly’sStanding Orders relating to financial procedures will need to beadjusted to take account of both of these functions.

2.19 The Assembly’s scrutiny of the use made of resources will beassisted by the work of the Auditor-General for Wales.Currently, the Auditor-General is appointed by the Crown onthe advice of the Secretary of State. The Government considersthat when the Welsh Assembly Government is established, as

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ASSEMBLY STAFF

described above, it would be more appropriate for futureappointments to that office to be made by Her Majesty on thenomination of the Assembly. In the same way, it is proposedthat future holders of the office of Public Services Ombudsmanfor Wales should be appointed by Her Majesty on theAssembly’s nomination. Both of these offices will assist theAssembly in holding the Welsh Assembly Ministers to account,and in the Government’s view it is right that appointments tothese offices should be seen to be entirely independent ofexecutive authority in Wales.

2.20 Under the arrangements proposed in this chapter, staff servingthe Welsh Assembly Ministers would continue to be civilservants. Staff supporting the Assembly would, like servants ofboth the UK and Scottish Parliaments, not be part of the civilservice. The Assembly as a legislature and scrutinising bodywould employ its own staff, although it would be expected tomaintain terms and conditions for staff broadly comparable tothose applying to Assembly Government civil servants.Assembly staff would continue to be eligible for membership ofthe Principal Civil Service Pension Scheme (PCSPS), just as staffsupporting the Westminster and Holyrood Parliaments are.

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Chapter three

THE BACKGROUND

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Enhancing the Assembly’s Legislative Powers

3.1 This chapter sets out the Government’s approach to enhancingthe Assembly’s legislative powers. Though there has beensignificant Wales-only legislation at Westminster sincedevolution, we believe there is a strong case for enabling theAssembly Government to secure its legislative priorities, anddeliver its policy agenda, more swiftly.

3.2 When the National Assembly was established, the powersconferred on it were those previously exercised by the Secretaryof State for Wales – that is, they were primarily executive, notlegislative, powers. However, all Secretaries of State do havepowers to make Orders and regulations, or issue statutorycodes, under a wide variety of Acts of Parliament. Thesepowers to make secondary legislation are usually subject toscrutiny by Parliament. Most of them undergo what is knownas the negative resolution procedure; that is, they are made bythe Secretary of State and come into force automatically after acertain period unless Parliament votes to annul them (althoughthis rarely happens). Some of the more significant pieces ofsecondary legislation are subject to the affirmative resolutionprocedure; that is, they must be debated and agreed in theHouse of Commons and the House of Lords before they can bemade.

3.3 Together with his other powers, those secondary legislativepowers previously exercised by the Secretary of State for Waleswere also transferred to the Assembly in 1999. Subsequent Actsof Parliament have conferred additional secondary legislativepowers on the Assembly on an ad-hoc basis. Some of these,from both before and since 1999, include the ability to amendearlier Acts of Parliament for specific purposes.

3.4 Once executive powers are conferred directly on WelshAssembly Ministers rather than on the Assembly as a corporatebody, they will also be able to exercise many of the Assembly’sexisting powers to make secondary legislation. The exercise ofthose powers will be subject to scrutiny by the Assembly inwhatever way it may determine. Even so, these powers will notgive the Assembly the ability significantly to influence thelegislative framework within which the Assembly Governmentwill operate. The Government believes that the Assemblyshould have this function.

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3.5 In addition, experience has shown that the Assembly’s currentlegislative powers are too fragmented to enable the AssemblyGovernment to implement its policies as effectively as it should.The Assembly’s powers do not amount to a coherent whole;they arise under many different Acts and vary both in theirscope and in their significance to the discharge of the Assembly’sfunctions. They are often conferred under Acts of Parliamentapplying to both England and Wales and reflect whatParliament is prepared to confer on Government Ministers.However, the Assembly is a democratically-elected body, withchecks and balances built into it through its robust legislativeprocedures - quite different in nature from an individualSecretary of State. That consideration should be the basisunderlying Parliament’s deliberations when conferring powerson the Assembly.

3.6 In the Government’s view, therefore, the relationship betweenParliament and the Assembly on these issues needs to bereconsidered. Both Parliament and the Assembly currently makelaw for Wales, and the question is what should be the balance ofresponsibility between the two bodies. The Government believesthat it is now time to re-balance legislative authority towardsthe Assembly, without affecting the overall constitutionalsupremacy of Parliament as regards Wales within the UnitedKingdom.

3.7 Parliament has conferred law-making authority, including theability to amend Parliament’s own primary legislation, on bodiessuch as the Scottish Parliament and the Northern IrelandAssembly, and to a lesser extent, on Ministers. As noted above,the Assembly already has some of these powers. The issue is towhat extent and on what terms Parliament might be willing toconfer additional authority on the Assembly to make law, and inso doing strike a new balance of legislative authority for Walesas between Parliament on the one hand and the Assembly on theother.

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THE WAY FORWARD

Developing the currentsettlement

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3.8 In the Government’s view, there is at present no consensus inWales for a move to full law making powers for the Assemblyalong the lines of the Scottish Parliament model. TheGovernment therefore proposes a more gradual, staged movetowards greater legislative powers. The first step will beimplemented from the publication of this White Paper as part ofthe current settlement. The second needs legislation which willbe introduced during the current Parliamentary session. Apossible final stage would also require legislation, and thenecessary provisions will be included in the proposed Bill, butits implementation would only be triggered by a referendum atsome future date.

3.9 Whatever final decision is taken on further powers for theAssembly, the Government proposes that a more liberalapproach should be reflected in Government and Parliamentaryattitudes to making legislation at Westminster which affects theAssembly’s areas of responsibility. Whatever longer-termchanges might be made, a significant proportion of legislationfor Wales will still be made by Parliament for the foreseeablefuture, so such a change of practice is important in itself, notjust as an interim measure.

3.10 Up to now, the decision on how to make different provision forWales in a particular Bill has been taken in isolation. In somecases, such as the Children Act 2004, the Act sets out what theAssembly can do in some detail. These details have, of course,been agreed with the Assembly Government whose policymaking procedures involve Assembly Members in committeeand in plenary session. Nevertheless, Assembly Members havenot had the opportunity to debate the final form which thelegislation takes.

3.11 In other cases, such as the Education Act 2002, the Act has leftthe Assembly with a very wide discretion as to what should becontained in the secondary legislation which it will make as aresult of the passing of the Act. This means that AssemblyMembers do have the opportunity to debate the detail of theimplementation of the legislation for Wales when the regulationsare tabled in the Assembly.

3.12 The Government believes that there should be a more consistentapproach to drafting legislation for Wales. It also recognisesthat legislation made by the Assembly is subject to scrutiny byAssembly Members using procedures at least as rigorous asthose available to Members of Parliament. In the light of that,

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Enhancing the currentsettlement

the Government intends for the future to draft ParliamentaryBills in a way which gives the Assembly wider and morepermissive powers to determine the detail of how the provisionsshould be implemented in Wales.

3.13 This is an important and necessary move, but it still does notfully address the weaknesses that have become apparent in thepresent system. To do this, there need to be changes to theprovisions currently in the Government of Wales Act 1998. TheGovernment favours an incremental approach, both to permitthe Assembly to develop the capacity to deal with enhancedlegislative powers and also to allow Parliament and theAssembly to develop a balance between them which providesthe best possible legislative framework for Wales and the UK.

3.14 This will require legislation to change the provisions in theGovernment of Wales Act 1998, but the Government considersthat the proposals set out in the following paragraphs do notrepresent a fundamental change to the current settlement.

3.15 An important limitation on the Assembly Government’s powerto implement its policies is that its opportunities to promote anychanges to legislation are constrained by the legislative prioritiesof the UK Government. There have been a number of occasionswhere it was clear that changes to legislation were necessary toenable the Assembly Government fully to implement itsproposals, but there was no suitable Bill in the Government’sprogramme to which these changes could be attached, and notime for a Wales-only Bill, given both the Government’s and theAssembly Government’s other priorities. This enhancement isdesigned to deal with that problem.

3.16 The Government of Wales Act 1998 allows only for the transferof UK Ministerial functions to the Assembly. The Governmentproposes the creation of a wider power which would allow HerMajesty to make Orders in Council to give the Assemblypowers, in specified areas of policy, to modify – ie, amend,repeal or extend – the provisions of Acts of Parliament in theirapplication to Wales, or to make new provision. This power ofmodification would apply to Acts currently in force and also toany Acts which Parliament might make in the future in thespecified areas (unless a particular Act contained a specificprohibition precluding use of the Assembly’s modifying powers).It would also be possible to frame these Orders in Council topermit the Assembly to do something not already covered bystatute - for example, an Order in Council to permit theAssembly to create a Commissioner for Older People and makeconsequential amendments to UK primary legislation.

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3.17 It would need to be made clear that the Assembly’s powerscould only apply to policy areas which were the responsibility ofAssembly Ministers and could not be used to alter primarylegislation relating to policy areas for which UK Ministers wereresponsible in Wales.

3.18 The power would be framed to ensure that no Order could givethe Assembly powers over the whole of any of the fields listed inSchedule 2 of the Government of Wales Act. Within thisconstraint, the decision as to how wide a policy area such apower would cover on any particular occasion would be amatter for Parliament. There is a range of possibilitiesillustrated below by examples from Wales-only legislation thathas been passed at Westminster since devolution:

a) something very specific, such as the functions of the

Ombudsmen in Wales. Powers in this policy area would have

allowed the Assembly to amend the existing legislation so as to

combine the three existing Welsh Ombudsmen’s offices into one.

This had to be done by a Wales-only Bill as there was no

suitable England and Wales legislation going through Parliament

or in prospect. While the issue was important, the Bill was

uncontroversial; it is not clear that this was the best use of

Parliamentary time, which is invariably at a premium. It would

have been far more appropriate for the Assembly to legislate on

this matter.

b) something rather wider, such as the protection and welfare

of children. This would be a limited policy area, but one

cutting across a range of the Assembly’s functions, such as

education, local government and social care. Such a power

could have been framed to have allowed the Assembly to make

new provision setting up a Children’s Commissioner for Wales.

This was done in response to the Waterhouse Report on child

abuse in North Wales and needed urgent legislation. At the

time of the report, the Care Standards Bill was going through

Parliament and it was possible to do some of what was required

as part of that Bill but not everything. As a result, it was

necessary to have a Wales-only Bill in the next session to finish

the job, absorbing valuable Parliamentary time and resulting in

the legislation governing the Commissioner being quite complex.

If Parliament could have conferred legislative powers on the

Assembly to deal with the matter, the provision would have

appeared in a single, more straightforward, piece of legislation.

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c) something considerably wider, such as the structure of the

NHS in Wales. This would have allowed the Assembly to make

secondary legislation to achieve the reforms that were included

in the NHS Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002. The

Assembly Government’s policy for Wales in this instance was

very different from the Government’s policy for England. While

the Government was willing to include provisions in the Bill

implementing the Assembly Government’s policies, it

complicated both the drafting and the debating of the

legislation. The process would have been far simpler and more

efficient if the Assembly had been able to make its own

legislation to implement its policy. This is a case where

Assembly Members would have wished for a more direct

influence on the detail of the legislation.

3.19 At a minimum, these Orders in Council to permit the Assemblyto exercise additional legislative powers would need to undergothe same Parliamentary procedure as Orders in Council whichtransfer functions to the Assembly under the current settlement.This is the Affirmative Resolution procedure, which means thatthey must be debated and agreed by both Houses of Parliamentbefore Her Majesty can be asked to make them.

3.20 Clearly it would not be appropriate for the Assembly to be ableto compel the Secretary of State to accede to their request, anymore than he is in a position to require them to take anyparticular action. However, it is equally important that theSecretary of State should not refuse to lay a draft Order inCouncil before Parliament for trivial reasons. The legislationwould therefore provide that if the Secretary of State wereunwilling to proceed, he would be obliged to reply to theAssembly Government within 60 days, giving his reasons forrefusal; this letter would be made public.

3.21 The procedure for considering these draft Orders would be forParliament to determine. However, as the Government believesthat this process should allow the growth and development ofthe relationship between Parliament and the Assembly, it isimportant that Parliament should be confident that it hadproperly considered the issues raised. Therefore the Governmentconsiders it likely – indeed, desirable – that they would beconsidered by Parliamentary Committees, or perhaps a JointCommittee of both Houses, before the Affirmative Resolutionprocedure on the floor of each House. This consideration couldbe informed by understanding the use the Assembly mightpropose to make of these powers in the immediate future.However, as the power would be a general and continuing one

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Changing the currentsettlement

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for that particular policy area, this would serve only as anexample of what could be done; the issue for the Committeesand for each House would be the appropriateness in general ofdelegating legislative authority to the Assembly on the particularpolicy area specified in the draft Order in Council.

3.22 The enhanced powers described in the preceding paragraphswould be adaptations of the current settlement and theGovernment believes that they do not require a referendum.However, it may prove in the future that even these additionalpowers are still insufficient to address the Assembly’s needs andthe option of providing the Assembly with further enhancedlaw-making powers needs to be available.

3.23 This would mean transferring primary legislative powers overall devolved fields direct to the Assembly. The Government isclear that this would represent a fundamental change to theWelsh settlement and would have to be endorsed in areferendum. The Government has no current plans for such areferendum but, in order to avoid the necessity of a thirdGovernment of Wales Bill, it proposes to provide for thepossibility in this legislation.

3.24 The proposed legislation will specify the conditions which willtrigger a referendum. The decision to hold one would need tobe approved in both Parliament and the Assembly. If one wasproposed by the Assembly Government, the motion would needto be endorsed by two thirds of all Assembly Members voting infavour. If the Secretary of State was minded to table an Orderin Parliament, he would first be obliged to undertake suchconsultation as he considered appropriate. The referendumwould not take place unless the Order was approved byParliament.

3.25 Alternatively, the Government would be able to table the Orderin Parliament, again after appropriate consultation, even if theAssembly had not requested it. However, the referendum wouldnot take place unless the Order authorising it was approvedboth by Parliament and also by a two thirds majority in theAssembly. Whichever procedure was followed, the result of thereferendum would be decided by a simple majority of thosevoting.

3.26 Conferring primary legislative powers on the Assembly wouldmean that, like the Scottish Parliament, it would be able tomake law on all the matters within its devolved fields. Thiswould not include those sublects which remain the responsibility

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STANDING ORDERS

of Whitehall Departments for Wales as well as for England.Like Scotland, these would include Fiscal and Monetary Policy,Immigration and Nationality and Social Security. Also excludedwould be fields where the Scottish Executive, and the Secretaryof State for Scotland before devolution, have functions but theAssembly does not, such as civil and criminal law, theadministration of justice, police and the prison service.

3.27 But the existing provision in the Government of Wales Act forthe transfer of additional functions of UK Ministers to theWelsh Assembly Government would remain; and the legislationwould provide that if any functions were so transferred, theexclusion of legislative competence in respect of those matterscould also be removed.

3.28 A radical change of this type would not necessarily mean thatthe Assembly would become the principal law maker for Wales.At present, with the full agreement of the AssemblyGovernment, much legislation made in Westminster makesexactly the same provision for Wales as for England. As in theScottish and Northern Irish settlements, Parliament will retainthe absolute power to legislate for Wales and on many occasionsit will be more efficient for measures to be enacted once inWestminster rather than having to be replicated in Cardiff.

3.29 The Scottish Parliament deals with this sort of situation byvoting on a motion that Westminster should legislate forScotland on these matters (Sewel motions). As more legislativepowers are transferred to the Assembly it may be appropriate tointroduce the same sort of procedure.

3.30 The changes made as a result of these proposals will requirechanges to the provisions in the Government of Wales Act aboutthe Assembly’s procedures if it is to be able to fulfil its new roleeffectively. The Act is highly prescriptive, and inflexible, on theform that the Assembly’s procedures should take, whereas theScotland Act is much less so and leaves much detail to theParliament’s Standing Orders. In particular, the Governmentbelieves that, while it is necessary that Parliament should laydown minimum standards of scrutiny for Assembly legislationunder these new powers, the Assembly should also be givengreater freedom to make its own decisions on procedure withinthat framework. It proposes that the provisions currently in theGovernment of Wales Act should be changed to follow theScotland Act approach in this respect.

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RELATIONS BETWEENTHE ASSEMBLY ANDWESTMINSTER

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3.31 The proposal that legislative procedure should largely beregulated by Standing Orders, together with the separation ofthe executive and legislative arms of the Assembly and theproposal that the Assembly’s committee structure should infuture be regulated by Standing Orders rather than prescriptionin statute, will all require major amendments to the Assembly’scurrent Standing Orders. The Government proposes that theSecretary of State should take powers to make a new set ofStanding Orders for the Assembly, to take effect when theseparation of the executive and the legislative elements comesinto force. The Secretary of State would be assisted by anadvisory committee with a broad-based representativemembership, which would prepare a draft of the new StandingOrders for his approval.

3.32 Thereafter it would be for the Assembly to regulate itselfthrough amendment of its Standing Orders from time to time asit sees fit. The Government proposes that the manyrequirements prescribed by the Government of Wales Act asmandatory content in the Standing Orders should so far aspossible be repealed, and that, building on the foundations laidby the new Standing Orders, decisions on the content ofStanding Orders should be left to the Assembly.

3.33 As noted above, Parliament will continue for at least some yearsinto the future to enact “Wales-only Bills” at the request of the Assembly. It has increasingly become the practice to submitmost such Bills to pre-legislative scrutiny. Until recently, theHouse of Commons Welsh Affairs Committee and the relevantAssembly subject committee undertook parallel scrutinyexercises, but in 2004 a draft Transport (Wales) Bill wasexamined by the two committees working together. TheGovernment believes that this was a useful and worthwhileexperiment, and, subject to the House’s views, one which couldbe built into Parliament’s and the Assembly’s Standing Orderson procedures for Wales-only Bills on a longer-term basis. Itwould illustrate the principle of mutual recognition between thelegislatures which the Government considers a key element of astable devolution settlement for Wales.

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Chapter four

THE ADDITIONALMEMBER SYSTEM

REFORMING AMS

Electoral Issues

4.1 This chapter sets out the Government's proposals foramendments to the National Assembly's electoral system, whichwill help to clarify the respective roles of constituency and listmembers and strengthen accountability.

4.2 Members are elected to the Assembly using the AdditionalMember System (AMS). 40 Assembly Members are elected fromAssembly constituencies which are coterminous with theParliamentary constituencies in Wales. A further 20 Membersare elected from five electoral regions, four from each region.The electoral regions established in 1999 for the first Assemblyelections were those used for the European Parliamentaryelections up to 1994; there will be minor amendments to theirboundaries in the light of changes to constituency boundariesfollowing the recent Report by the Boundary Commission forWales, but in essence the territories of the electoral regionsremain as originally determined, although no longer used, forEuropean Parliamentary electoral purposes.

4.3 The Richard Commission recommended that the number ofAssembly Members should be increased from 60 to 80, and thatthey should be elected through the Single Transferable Vote(STV) system, with all Assembly Members being elected frommulti-member constituencies. The Government does not agreethat this would be the right way forward; rather, it is proposedto retain the present system but to amend it to address issuesthat have emerged in the course of two sets of Assemblyelections in 1999 and 2003 under the AMS system.

4.4 The Government proposes to change the provisions currently inthe Government of Wales Act to prevent individuals fromsimultaneously being candidates in constituency elections andbeing eligible for election from party lists.

4.5 The outcome of the Assembly election in the Clwyd Westconstituency in 2003 illustrates the problem the Government isseeking to address. Five candidates stood for election in thatconstituency, four of whom ultimately became AssemblyMembers (one as the successful constituency candidate, andthree more as additional members elected from their respectiveparties’ regional lists). In the Government’s view, for losingcandidates to be able to become Assembly Members regardless

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FREQUENCY OFASSEMBLY ELECTIONS

PROMOTINGPARTICIPATION ATASSEMBLY ELECTIONS

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of their constituency election results both devalues the integrityof the electoral system in the eyes of the public and acts as adisincentive to vote in constituency elections. We thereforepropose that a simple amendment should be made to theprovisions currently in section 5 of the Government of WalesAct to prevent this situation occurring in the future.

4.6 The Assembly is elected for fixed four-year terms, and theGovernment has no proposals to change that. Given, however,the different underlying assumptions for the Assembly’s relationswith the Welsh Assembly Government once the executive andlegislative elements are separated, the Government believes it isappropriate for a “safety valve” provision to be put in place inlegislation so that, in extremis, an Assembly election in advanceof the end of the four-year term could be called. The legislationwould however only permit such early elections to be called if atleast two-thirds of the total number of Assembly members votedfor a resolution to that effect.

4.7 This provision would be equivalent to the provision in theScotland Act 1998. It would mean that if the election wascalled less than 6 months before the statutory date for theAssembly election, it would replace that election. In all othercircumstances, an Assembly election would still be held on thestatutory date.

4.8 Voter turnout at the Assembly elections in 2003 wasdisappointingly low. Although turnout at many recent electionshas tended to be lower than in earlier times, there may bespecific factors affecting turnout at Assembly elections whichcan be addressed. The Electoral Commission’s report on the2003 Assembly elections drew attention to the limits on theAssembly’s current powers to arrange for public informationcampaigns to promote participation in its elections. TheGovernment agrees with the Commission that it would bebeneficial if the Assembly had such powers, and appropriateprovision for this will be made in the Bill implementing thechanges described in this White Paper.

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Chapter five Conclusion5.1 This White Paper sets out the Government’s proposals for

legislation to change the provisions currently in the Governmentof Wales Act 1998 in three respects:

1. To create a new executive structure for the Assembly

2. To give the Assembly enhanced legislative powers

3. To deal with some problems in the electoral system

The Assembly Government supports these proposals.

5.2 Should you wish to comment on these proposals, please write toZenny Saunders, Wales Office, Gwydyr House, Whitehall,London SW1A 2ER or email [email protected] Friday 16 September 2005. The Wales Office will publishsuch comments on its website unless the letter clearly indicatesthat the writer wishes their comments to remain confidential.Confidential comments will be included in any summary of theviews expressed.

5.3 The Government will start to implement the changes inparagraphs 3.9 to 3.12 immediately. Legislation on the othermatters will be introduced in the current Parliamentary sessionwith a view to implementation of the proposals in chapter 2,paragraphs 3.14 to 3.21 and chapter 4 at the time of Assemblyelections on 3 May 2007.

5.4 Further copies of this White Paper may be obtained from ZennySaunders at the above address.

Printed in the UK by The Stationery Office Limitedon behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

179600 06/05

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Trefn Lywodraethu well i Gymru

Pennod pumpCasgliad5.1Mae’r Papur Gwyn hwn yn cyflwyno cynigion y Llywodraeth ar

gyfer deddfu i newid Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998 yngnghyswllt tri pheth:

1. Creu strwythur gweithredol newydd ar gyfer y Cynulliad

2. Rhoi mwy o bwerau deddfu i’r Cynulliad

3. Delio gyda rhai o’r problemau yn y system etholiadol

Mae Llywodraeth y Cynulliad yn cefnogi’r cynigion hyn.

5.2Os dymunwch wneud sylw ar y cynigion hyn, dylech ysgrifennuos gwelwch yn dda at Zenny Saunders, Swyddfa Cymru, TyGwydir, Whitehall, Llundain SW1A 2ER neu [email protected] erbyn Dydd Gwener 16Medi 2005. Bydd Swyddfa Cymru yn cyhoeddi’r sylwadau hynar ei gwefan oni bai fod y llythyr yn nodi’n glir bod yr awduram i’w sylwadau aros yn gyfrinachol. Bydd sylwadaucyfrinachol yn cael eu cynnwys mewn unrhyw grynodeb o’rsafbwyntiau a wneir.

5.3Bydd y Llywodraeth yn dechrau gweithredu’r newidiadau ymmharagraffau 3.9 hyd at 3.12 ar unwaith. Cyflwynirdeddfwriaeth ar y materion eraill yn y sesiwn Seneddolbresennol gyda golwg ar weithredu’r cynigion ym mhennod 2,paragraffau 3.14 hyd at 3.21, ac ym mhennod 4, yng nghyfnodetholiadau’r Cynulliad ar 3 Mai 2007.

5.4Mae copïau pellach o’r Papur Gwyn hwn ar gael ZennySaunders ar y cyfeiriad uchod.

Printed in the UK by The Stationery Office Limitedon behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

179600 06/05

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AMLDERETHOLIADAU’RCYNULLIAD

HYBU CYFRANOGIADYN ETHOLIADAU’RCYNULLIAD

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Ym marn y Llywodraeth, mae’r ffaith bod ymgeiswyraflwyddiannus yn gallu dod yn Aelodau o’r Cynulliad ergwaethaf canlyniadau’r etholiad etholaethol yn dibrisiohygrededd y system etholiadol yng ngolwg y cyhoedd a hefyd yncymell difaterwch ynghylch pleidleisio mewn etholiadauetholaethol. Yr ydym, felly, yn cynnig gwneud diwygiad syml i’rddarpariaeth yn adran 5 Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru i atal hynrhag digwydd eto.

4.6Etholir y Cynulliad am dymor penodol o bedair blynedd, ac nidoes gan y Llywodraeth unrhyw fwriad i newid hynny. Oystyried, fodd bynnag, y gwahanol dybiaethau sylfaenol a wneirynghylch perthynas y Cynulliad â Llywodraeth CynulliadCymru unwaith y gwahanir yr elfennau gweithredol adeddfwriaethol, mae’r Llywodraeth yn teimlo y byddai’n briodolcynnwys darpariaeth “rhag ofn” yn y ddeddfwriaeth fel y gellid,mewn sefyllfa argyfyngus, galw etholiad y Cynulliad cyn diweddy tymor pedair blynedd. Er hynny, byddai’r ddeddfwriaeth ondyn caniatáu etholiadau buan lle’r oedd o leiaf dwy ran o dair oAelodau’r Cynulliad yn pleidleisio o blaid penderfyniad o’r fath.

4.7Byddai’r ddarpariaeth hon yn cyfateb i’r ddarpariaeth yn Neddfyr Alban 1998. Byddai’n golygu, pe bai’r etholiad yn cael ei alwlai na 6 mis cyn y dyddiad statudol ar gyfer etholiad yCynulliad, y byddai’n disodli’r etholiad hwnnw. O dan unrhywamgylchiadau eraill, byddai etholiad y Cynulliad yn dal i gael eigynnal ar y dyddiad statudol.

4.8 Yr oedd y nifer a bleidleisiodd yn etholiadau’r Cynulliad ym2003 yn siomedig o isel. Er bod y nifer sydd wedi pleidleisiomewn amryw o etholiadau yn ddiweddar wedi tueddu i fod ynis nag o’r blaen, gall fod rhai ffactorau penodol sy’n effeithio arhyn - yng nghyswllt etholiadau’r Cynulliad - y gellid efallai rhoisylw iddynt. Yr oedd adroddiad y Comisiwn Etholiadol aretholiadau’r Cynulliad ym 2003 yn tynnu sylw at y cyfyngiadausydd ar bwerau presennol y Cynulliad i ddarparu amymgyrchoedd gwybodaeth gyhoeddus i hybu cyfranogiad yn eietholiadau. Mae’r Llywodraeth yn cytuno gyda’r Comisiwn ybyddai’n fanteisiol pe bai gan y Cynulliad bwerau o’r fath, abydd darpariaeth briodol ar gyfer hyn yn cael ei chynnwys yn yMesur a fydd yn gweithredu’r newidiadau yn y Papur Gwynhwn.

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Pennodpedwar

Y SYSTEM AELODAUYCHWANEGOL

DIWYGIO’R SYSTEMAELODAU

YCHWANEGOL

Materion Etholiadol

4.1Yn y bennod hon, disgrifir cynigion y Llywodraeth ar gyfernewid system etholiadol y Cynulliad Cenedlaethol, a fydd ynhelpu i egluro gwahanol rolau’r aelodau etholaethol a rhestr ynwell, ac yn cryfhau atebolrwydd.

4.2 Etholir aelodau i’r Cynulliad drwy ddilyn y System AelodauYchwanegol. Mae 40 o Aelodau o’r Cynulliad yn cael eu hetholo etholaethau’r Cynulliad sy’n cyfateb i’r etholaethau Seneddolyng Nghymru. Etholir 20 o Aelodau eraill o bum rhanbarthetholiadol, pedwar o bob rhanbarth. Yr oedd y rhanbarthauetholiadol a sefydlwyd ym 1999 ar gyfer etholiadau cyntaf yCynulliad yr un rhai a ddefnyddiwyd ar gyfer etholiadau SeneddEwrop hyd at 1994; bydd mân newidiadau i’w ffiniau yngngoleuni newidiadau i’r ffiniau etholaethol yn dilyn yrAdroddiad diweddar gan Gomisiwn Ffiniau Cymru ond, yn euhanfod, erys tiriogaethau’r rhanbarthau etholiadol fel y lluniwydhwynt yn wreiddiol - er na ddefnyddir hwynt mwyach - atddibenion etholiadau Senedd Ewrop.

4.3 Un o argymhellion Comisiwn Richard oedd y dylid cynyddunifer yr Aelodau yn y Cynulliad o 60 i 80, ac y dylid eu hetholdrwy’r system Pleidlais Sengl Drosglwyddadwy, gyda phobAelod yn cael ei ethol o etholaethau aml-aelod. Nid yw’rLlywodraeth yn cytuno mai dyma a fyddai’r ffordd orauymlaen; yn hytrach, byddai’n well ganddi gadw’r systembresennol ond ei diwygio i geisio datrys y problemau a gododdyn ystod dau etholiad y Cynulliad ym 1999 a 2003 o dan ySystem Aelodau Ychwanegol.

4.4Mae’r Llywodraeth

yn bwriadu newid y darpariaeth ssydd ar hyn o bryd yu Neddf

Llywodraeth Cymru i rwystro unigolion rhag bod yn ymgeiswyr

mewn etholiadau etholaethol a hefyd yn gymwys i’w hethol o

restrau’r pleidiau.

4.5Yr oedd canlyniad etholiad y Cynulliad yn etholaeth GorllewinClwyd ym 2003 yn enghraifft glir o’r broblem y mae’rLlywodraeth yn ceisio ei datrys. Safodd pump o unigolion felymgeiswyr ar gyfer yr etholaeth honno, a daeth pedwar yn yman yn Aelodau o’r Cynulliad (un fel yr ymgeisyddllwyddiannus dros yr etholaeth, a thri arall fel aelodauychwanegol wedi eu hethol o restrau rhanbarthol eu pleidiau).

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Cynulliad. Mae’r Llywodraeth yn bwriadu y dylai’rYsgrifennydd Gwladol ymarfer ei bwerau i lunio cyfres newyddo Reolau Sefydlog ar gyfer y Cynulliad, i ddod i rym pan fyddbreichiau gweithredol a deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad yn cael eugwahanu. Byddai’r Ysgrifennydd Gwladol yn cael eigynorthwyo gan bwyllgor cynghori gydag aelodaethgynrychioliadol eang, a fyddai’n paratoi’r Rheolau Sefydlogdrafft newydd yn barod i’w cymeradwyo ganddo.

3.32Yna, byddai’r Cynulliad yn gyfrifol am reoleiddio ei hun drwynewid ei Reolau Sefydlog o bryd i’w gilydd fel y gwelai’nbriodol. Bwriad y Llywodraeth yw bod y gofynion lu sy’n caeleu rhagnodi yn Neddf Llywodraeth Cymru fel elfennau gorfodolar gyfer y Rheolau Sefydlog yn cael eu diddymu cyn belled ag ybo modd a, thrwy adeiladu ar y sylfeini a osodir gan y RheolauSefydlog newydd, y dylid gadael penderfyniadau ynghylchcynnwys y Rheolau Sefydlog i’r Cynulliad.

3.33Fel y dywedwn uchod, bydd y Senedd yn parhau am raiblynyddoedd o leiaf yn y dyfodol i ddeddfu “Mesurau Cymruyn unig” ar gais y Cynulliad. Daeth yn ymarfer cynyddol bod yrhan fwyaf o’r Mesurau hyn yn cael eu cyflwyno i’w craffu cyndeddfu arnynt. Hyd at yn ddiweddar, yr oedd PwyllgorMaterion Cymreig Ty’r Cyffredin a’r pwyllgor pwnc perthnasolyn y Cynulliad yn cyflawni gwaith craffu cyfochrog ond, ym2004, archwiliwyd Mesur Trafnidiaeth (Cymru) gan y ddaubwyllgor ar y cyd. Barn y Llywodraeth yw bod hyn wedi bod ynarbrawf defnyddiol a gwerth chweil ac, yn ddarostyngedig i farny Ty, y gellid ar gyfer y dyfodol ei wreiddio yn Rheolau Sefydlogy Senedd a’r Cynulliad yng nghyswllt trefniadau MesurauCymru yn unig. Byddai hyn yn gweithredu’r egwyddor bod yddau gorff deddfwriaethol yn cydnabod ei gilydd, sy’n rhywbethy mae’r Llywodraeth yn ystyried i fod yn elfen allweddol ogytundeb datganoli sefydlog ar gyfer Cymru.

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RHEOLAU SEFYDLOG

3.27 Ond byddai’r ddarpariaeth bresennol yn Neddf LlywodraethCymru, i drosglwyddo swyddogaethau ychwanegol ganWeinidogion y DU i Lywodraeth y Cynulliad, yn parhau; abyddai’r ddeddfwriaeth yn darparu pe bai unrhywswyddogaethau o’r fath yn cael eu trosglwyddo, y gellid hefyddileu’r gwaharddiad ar gymhwysedd deddfwriaethol yngnghyswllt y materion hynny.

3.28Ni fyddai newid craidd o’r fath yn golygu, o anghenraid, mai’rCynulliad wedyn a fyddai’r prif gorff deddfu ar gyfer Cymru. Arhyn o bryd, gyda chytundeb llawn Llywodraeth y Cynulliad,mae llawer o’r ddeddfwriaeth a wneir yn San Steffan yn gwneudyr un ddarpariaeth yn union ar gyfer Cymru ag ar gyfer Lloegr.Fel gyda’r cytundebau yn yr Alban ac yng Ngogledd Iwerddon,bydd y Senedd yn cadw’r pwer absoliwt i ddeddfu ar gyferCymru ac, ar sawl achlysur, bydd yn fwy effeithlon i fesuraugael eu deddfu unwaith yn San Steffan na gorfod cael eudyblygu yng Nghaerdydd.

3.29Mae Senedd yr Alban yn delio gyda sefyllfa fel hon drwybleidleisio ar gynnig mai San Steffan a ddylai ddeddfu dros yrAlban ar y materion hyn (cynigion Sewel). Fel y trosglwyddirmwy o bwerau deddfu i’r Cynulliad, efallai y bydd yn gwneudsynnwyr cyflwyno yr un math o drefniant.

3.30Bydd y newidiadau a wneir o ganlyniad i’r cynigion hyn yngolygu y bydd angen newidiadau yn y darpariaethau yn NeddfLlywodraeth Cymru yng nghyswllt gweithdrefnau’r Cynulliad,os yw am gyflawni ei rôl newydd yn effeithiol. Mae’r Ddeddf ynhynod rhagnodol, ac anhyblyg, ynghylch pa weithdrefnau ydylid eu dilyn, lle mae Deddf yr Alban yn llawer llai haearnaiddac yn gadael llawer o’r manylion i Reolau Sefydlog y Senedd.Mae’r Llywodraeth yn credu yn enwedig, er bod angen i’rSenedd osod safonau sylfaenol ar gyfer craffu ar ddeddfwriaethy Cynulliad o dan y pwerau newydd hyn, y dylid hefyd rhoimwy o ryddid i’r Cynulliad wneud ei benderfyniadau ei hunynghylch y weithdrefn o fewn y fframwaith hwnnw. Mae’nbwriadu newid y darpariaethau sydd ar hyn o bryd yn NeddfLlywodraeth Cymru i fod yr un fath â Deddf yr Alban yn ycyswllt hwn.

3.31Bydd y cynnig mai Rheolau Sefydlog, i raddau helaeth, a ddylaireoleiddio’r weithdrefn ddeddfwriaethol, ynghyd â gwahanubreichiau gweithredol a deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad, a’r cynnigmai Rheolau Sefydlog – ac nid ystatud rhagnodol – a ddylaireoleiddio strwythur pwyllgorau’r Cynulliad, i gyd yn golygu ybydd angen gwneud newidiadau helaeth i Reolau Sefydlog y

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3.22Byddai’r pwerau mwy a ddisgrifir yn y paragraffau blaenorol ynaddasiadau ar y cytundeb presennol, a barn y Llywodraeth ywnad oes angen refferendwm i’w darparu. Fodd bynnag, efallai ygwelir yn y dyfodol bod hyd yn oed y pwerau ychwanegol hynyn annigonol o hyd i ddiwallu anghenion y Cynulliad ac y byddangen cael opsiwn i roi mwy fyth o bwerau deddfu iddo.

3.23Byddai hyn yn golygu trosglwyddo pwerau deddfu sylfaenol ynuniongyrchol i’r Cynulliad. Mae’r Llywodraeth yn deall yn glir ybyddai hyn yn newid sylfaenol i’r cytundeb Cymreig ac ybyddai’n rhaid ei gymeradwyo drwy refferendwm. Nid oes gany Llywodraeth unrhyw gynlluniau presennol ar gyferrefferendwm o’r fath ond, er mwyn osgoi gorfod cyflwynotrydydd Mesur Llywodraeth Cymru, mae’n bwriadu darparu oblaid y posibilrwydd yn y ddeddfwriaeth hon.

3.24 Bydd y ddeddfwriaeth arfaethedig hon yn disgrifio’r amodau afydd yn ysgogi refferendwm. Byddai’n rhaid i’r penderfyniad igynnal un gael ei gymeradwyo yn y Senedd a’r Cynulliad. Pe bairefferendwm yn cael ei gynnig gan Lywodraeth y Cynulliad,byddai angen i’r cynnig hwnnw gael ei gymeradwyo gan ddwyran o dair o’r Aelodau yn pleidleisio o blaid. Pe bai’rYsgrifennydd Gwladol yn penderfynu cyflwyno Gorchymyn yny Senedd, yn gyntaf oll byddai’n rhaid iddo ymgynghori ar ymater fel bo’n briodol yn ei farn ef. Ni fyddai refferendwm yncael ei gynnal oni bai fod y Gorchymyn yn cael ei gymeradwyogan y Senedd.

3.25 Neu, byddai’r Llywodraeth yn gallu cyflwyno’r Gorchymyn yn ySenedd, eto ar ôl ymgynghori’n briodol arno, a hyd yn oed pena bai’r Cynulliad wedi gofyn amdano. Fodd bynnag, ni fyddairefferendwm yn digwydd oni bai fod y Senedd a mwyafrif oddwy ran o dair o’r Cynulliad yn cymeradwyo’r Gorchymyn iawdurdodi ei gynnal. Pa bynnag weithdrefn y byddid yn eidilyn, byddai canlyniad y refferendwm yn cael ei benderfynugan fwyafrif syml o’r rhai yn pleidleisio.

3.26 O dan y trefniadau a gynigir yn y bennod hon, byddai staff sy’ngwasanaethu Gweinidogion y Cynulliad yn parhau i fod ynweision sifil. Ni fyddai staff sy’n cynorthwyo’r Cynulliad, felgweision yn Seneddau’r DU a’r Alban, yn rhan o’r gwasanaethsifil. Byddai’r Cynulliad fel corff deddfwriaethol a chorff craffuyn cyflogi ei staff ei hun, er y byddai disgwyl iddo gadw atdelerau ac amodau staff tebyg i’r rhai ar gyfer gweision sifilLlywodraeth y Cynulliad. Byddai staff y Cynulliad yn parhau ifod yn gymwys i fod yn aelodau o Brif Gynllun Pensiwn yGwasanaeth Sifil, yn union fel gyda staff sy’n cynorthwyoSeneddau San Steffan a Holyrood.

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gwahanol i bolisi’r Llywodraeth ar gyfer Lloegr. Er bod yLlywodraeth yn fodlon cynnwys darpariaethau yn y Mesur iweithredu polisïau Llywodraeth y Cynulliad, llwyddodd igymhlethu’r gwaith o ddrafftio ac o drafod y ddeddfwriaeth.Byddai’r broses wedi bod yn llawer symlach a mwy effeithlon pebai’r Cynulliad wedi gallu gwneud ei ddeddfwriaeth ei hun iweithredu ei bolisïau. Dyma un achos lle’r oedd Aelodau o’rCynulliad yn dymuno cael dylanwad mwy uniongyrchol arfanylion y ddeddfwriaeth.

3.19 O leiaf, byddai angen i’r Gorchmynion Cyfrin Gyngor hyn, afyddai’n caniatáu i’r Cynulliad ymarfer pwerau deddfuychwanegol, ddilyn yr un weithdrefn Seneddol â GorchmynionCyfrin Gyngor sy’n trosglwyddo swyddogaethau i Weinidogiony Cynulliad o dan y trefniant presennol. Hon yw’r WeithdrefnBenderfynu Gadarnhaol, sy’n golygu bod yn rhaid i’r ddau DySeneddol drafod a chytuno arnynt cyn gofyn i’w Mawrhydi eugwneud. Fodd bynnag, gan fod y Llywodraeth yn credu y dylai’rbroses hon hwyluso twf a datblygiad y berthynas rhwng ySenedd a’r Cynulliad, mae’n bwysig bod y Senedd yn ffyddiog eibod wedi ystyried y materion perthnasol yn iawn yn gyntaf.

3.20 Yn amlwg, ni fyddai’n briodol i’r Cynulliad fod yn gallu cymellyr Ysgrifennydd Gwladol i gytuno i’w cais, nid mwy na’i fodyntau mewn sefyllfa i fynnu eu bod yn gweithredu mewn fforddbenodol. Fodd bynnag, mae yr un mor bwysig na ddylai’rYsgrifennydd Gwladol wrthod rhoi Gorchymyn Cyfrin Gyngordrafft gerbron y Senedd am resymau dibwys. Felly, o dan yddeddfwriaeth, pe bai’r Ysgrifennydd Gwladol yn gwrthodsymud ymlaen, byddai’n rhaid iddo ateb i Lywodraeth yCynulliad o fewn 60 diwrnod gan roi ei resymau dros wrthod;byddai’r llythyr hwn yn cael ei gyhoeddi.

3.21Mater i’r Senedd fyddai penderfynu ar y weithdrefn ar gyferystyried y Gorchmynion drafft hyn. Felly, mae’r Llywodraeth yncredu ei bod yn debygol – yn wir, yn ddymunol – y byddent yncael eu hystyried gan Bwyllgorau Seneddol neu, efallai, ganGydbwyllgor yn cynnwys y ddau Dy, cyn dilyn y WeithdrefnBenderfynu Gadarnhaol ar lawr pob Ty. Byddai’r ystyriaeth honefallai’n cael ei goleuo drwy ddeall pa ddefnydd y byddai’rCynulliad o bosibl yn dymuno ei wneud o’r pwerau hyn yn ydyfodol agos. Fodd bynnag, gan mai pwer cyffredinol apharhaus ar gyfer y maes polisi penodol hwnnw y byddai, dimond esiampl fyddai hyn o’r drefn y gellid ei dilyn; y cwestiwn i’rPwyllgorau ac i bob Ty fyddai pa mor briodol, yn gyffredinol,fyddai dirprwyo awdurdod deddfwriaethol i’r Cynulliad yngnghyswllt y maes polisi penodol a nodir yn y Gorchymyn CyfrinGyngor drafft.

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deddfwriaeth sylfaenol yng nghyswllt meysydd polisi lle’r oeddGweinidogion y DU yn gyfrifol yng Nghymru.

3.18Byddai’r pwer yn cael ei fframio i sicrhau na allai unrhywOrchymyn roi pwerau i’r Cynulliad dros y meysydd cyfan a neuunrhyw feysydd a restrir yn atodlen 2 Deddf LlywodraethCymru. O fewn y cyfyngiad hwn, mater i’r Senedd fyddaipenderfynu ehangder y maes polisi y byddai pwer o’r fath ynberthnasol iddo ar unrhyw adeg. Isod, disgrifir ystod obosibiliadau ar sail enghreifftiau o ddeddfwriaeth Gymreig ynunig a basiwyd yn San Steffan ers datganoli:

a) rhywbeth tra phenodol, fel swyddogaethau’r Ombwdsmonyng Nghymru. Byddai pwerau yn y maes polisi hwn wedicaniatáu i’r Cynulliad newid y ddeddfwriaeth bresennol fel ygellid cyfuno tair swyddfa bresennol yr Ombwdsmyn Cymreigyn un. Bu’n rhaid gwneud hyn drwy Fesur Cymru’n unig amnad oedd deddfwriaeth Cymru a Lloegr addas yn mynd drwy’rSenedd ar y pryd, nac ychwaith yn yr arfaeth. Er bod y mater ynbwysig, nid oedd y Mesur yn un dadleuol; yr oedd ansicrwyddynghylch ai dyma’r defnydd gorau y gellid ei wneud o amserSeneddol, sy’n brin yn amlach na pheidio. Byddai wedi bod ynllawer mwy priodol pe bai’r Cynulliad wedi gallu deddfu ar ymater hwn.

b) rhywbeth ychydig yn ehangach, fel amddiffyn a lles plant.Maes polisi cyfyngedig fyddai hwn, ond un sy’n torri ar drawsystod o swyddogaethau’r Cynulliad o addysg, llywodraeth leol iofal cymdeithasol. Gellid bod wedi fframio pwer o’r fath felbo’r Cynulliad yn gallu gwneud darpariaeth newydd i benodiComisiynydd Plant i Gymru. Fel y digwyddodd, gwnaed hynmewn ymateb i Adroddiad Waterhouse ar gam-drin plant yngngogledd Cymru, a bu’n rhaid cyflwyno deddfwriaeth ar fyrder.Pan ddaeth yr adroddiad allan, yr oedd y Mesur Safonau Gofalyn mynd drwy’r Senedd a bu’n bosibl gwneud rhywfaint o’rgwaith angenrheidiol fel rhan o’r Mesur hwnnw, ond nidpopeth. O ganlyniad, bu’n rhaid cael Mesur Cymru’n unig yn ysesiwn nesaf i orffen y gwaith, gan fynd ag amser Seneddolgwerthfawr a chreu deddfwriaeth i benodi Comisiynydd a oeddyn eithaf cymhleth. Pe gallai’r Senedd fod wedi trosglwyddopwerau deddfu i’r Cynulliad ar y mater hwn, byddai wedi creuun darn o ddeddfwriaeth syml a di-lol.

c)rhywbeth cryn dipyn yn ehangach, fel strwythur y GIG yngNghymru. Byddai hyn wedi caniatáu i’r Cynulliad wneud is-ddeddfwriaeth i gyflwyno’r diwygiadau o dan Ddeddf Diwygio’rGIG a Phroffesiynau Gofal Iechyd 2002. Yn yr achos hwn, yroedd polisi Llywodraeth y Cynulliad ar gyfer Cymru yn dra

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Gwella’r cytundebpresennol

1998. Mae’r Llywodraeth o blaid gwneud hyn yn raddol, felbo’r Cynulliad yn meithrin y gallu i ymdopi gyda mwy obwerau deddfwriaethol a hefyd fel bo’r Senedd a’r Cynulliad yngallu datblygu cydbwysedd rhyngddynt sy’n darparu’rfframwaith deddfwriaethol gorau posibl i Gymru a’r DU.

3.14Bydd angen deddfwriaeth i newid hyn er mwyn gallu newid ydarpariaethau yn Neddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998, ond barn yLlywodraeth yw nad yw’r cynigion a gyflwynir yn y paragraffaunesaf yn newid y cytundeb presennol yn sylfaenol.

3.15Un o’r cyfyngiadau pwysig ar bwer Llywodraeth y Cynulliad iweithredu ei pholisïau yw bod ei chyfleoedd i hybu unrhywnewidiadau i ddeddfwriaeth wedi eu ffrwyno gan flaenoriaethaudeddfwriaethol Llywodraeth y DU. Cafwyd amryw byd oadegau pan oedd yn glir bod angen newid y ddeddfwriaeth fel ygallai Llywodraeth y Cynulliad weithredu ei chynigion yn llawn,ond nid oedd Mesur addas yn rhaglen y Llywodraeth i wneud ynewidiadau hyn drwyddo, a dim amser ychwaith i’w roi i FesurCymru’n unig, o ystyried blaenoriaethau eraill y Llywodraeth aLlywodraeth y Cynulliad. Nod y gwelliant hwn yw ceisio datrysy broblem honno.

3.16O dan Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998, dim ondswyddogaethau Gweinidogol y DU y mae modd eu trosglwyddoi’r Cynulliad. Mae’r Llywodraeth yn bwriadu creu pwerehangach a fyddai’n caniatáu i’w Mawrhydi wneudGorchmynion yn y Cyfrin Gyngor i roi pwerau i’r Cynulliad yngnghyswllt meysydd polisi penodol, fel bo’n gallu newid – h.y.diwygio, diddymu neu ymestyn – darpariaethau DeddfauSeneddol a’u cymhwysiad yng Nghymru, neu wneuddarpariaethau newydd. Byddai’r pwer hwn i newid ynberthnasol i Ddeddfau sydd eisoes mewn grym a hefyd i unrhywDdeddfau Seneddol a wneir yn y dyfodol yng nghyswllt ymeysydd polisi perthnasol (oni bai fod Deddf neilltuol yncynnwys gwaharddiad penodol yn atal defnyddio pwerau newidy Cynulliad). Byddai hefyd yn bosibl fframio’r GorchmynionCyfrin Gyngor hyn fel bo’r Cynulliad yn gallu gwneud pethaunad ydynt eisoes wedi eu hawdurdodi gan ystatud – erenghraifft, Gorchymyn Cyfrin Gyngor yn caniatáu i’r Cynulliadbenodi Comisiynydd Pobl Hyn ac i newid deddfwriaethsylfaenol y DU yn sgîl hynny.

3.17Byddai angen gwneud yn glir mai dim ond i feysydd polisi sy’ngyfrifoldeb Gweinidogion y Cynulliad y byddai pwerau’rCynulliad yn berthnasol ac na ellid eu defnyddio i newid

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Bydd trydydd cam terfynol posibl hefyd angen deddfwriaeth, abwriedir cynnwys y darpariaethau angenrheidiol yn y Mesurarfaethedig, ond byddai’n rhaid i’w weithrediad ddigwydd oganlyniad i refferendwm rywbryd yn y dyfodol.

3.9Pa bynnag benderfyniad terfynol a gymerir ynghylch rhoi mwyo bwerau i’r Cynulliad, mae’r Llywodraeth am weld agweddfwy eangfrydig yn cael ei mabwysiadu gan y Llywodraeth a’rSenedd tuag at wneud deddfwriaeth yn San Steffan sy’n effeithioar feysydd cyfrifoldeb y Cynulliad. Pa bynnag newidiadau tymorhirach a wneir, bydd cyfran helaeth o ddeddfwriaeth Cymru yndal i gael ei llunio gan y Senedd ar gyfer y dyfodolrhagweladwy, felly mae newid ymarfer o’r fath yn bwysigynddo’i hun, nid fel mesur interim yn unig.

3.10Hyd at yn awr, mae’r penderfyniad ynghylch sut i wneuddarpariaeth wahanol i Gymru mewn Mesur neilltuol wedi’igymryd ar ei ben ei hun. Mewn rhai achosion, fel gyda DeddfPlant 2004, mae’r Ddeddf yn nodi’r hyn y gall y Cynulliad eiwneud yn fanwl. Mae’r manylion hyn, wrth gwrs, wedi eucytuno gyda Llywodraeth y Cynulliad a, thrwy ei gweithdrefnaudatblygu polisi, gydag Aelodau o’r Cynulliad mewn Pwyllgoraua Chyfarfodydd Llawn. Er hynny, nid yw’r Aelodau wedi caelcyfle i drafod ffurf derfynol y ddeddfwriaeth a gyflwynwyd.

3.11Mewn achosion eraill, fel gyda Deddf Addysg 2002, mae’rDdeddf wedi rhoi disgresiwn eang iawn i’r Cynulliad ynghylchbeth y bydd am ei gynnwys yn yr is-ddeddfwriaeth a wneir oganlyniad i basio’r Ddeddf. Mae hyn yn golygu bod ganAelodau o’r Cynulliad gyfle i drafod manylder gweithrediaddeddfwriaeth ar gyfer Cymru pan gyflwynir y rheoliadau yn yCynulliad.

3.12Mae’r Llywodraeth yn credu y dylid mabwysiadu dull mwycyson o ddrafftio deddfwriaeth i Gymru. Mae hefyd yncydnabod bod deddfwriaeth a wneir gan y Cynulliad yn destuncraffu gan Aelodau o’r Cynulliad drwy ddilyn gweithdrefnausydd o leiaf yr un mor drylwyr â rhai a ddefnyddir gan AelodauSeneddol. Yng ngoleuni hynny, yn y dyfodol mae’r Llywodraethyn bwriadu drafftio Mesurau Seneddol mewn modd sy’n rhoipwerau ehangach a chaniataol ynghylch penderfynu ar fanyliongweithrediad y darpariaethau yng Nghymru.

3.13Mae hwn yn gam pwysig ac angenrheidiol ymlaen ond, erhynny, nid yw’n mynd i’r afael yn llwyr â’r gwendidau syddwedi codi yn y system bresennol. I wneud hyn, rhaid newid ydarpariaethau sydd ar hyn o bryd yn Neddf Llywodraeth Cymru

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Y FFORDD YMLAEN

yn gweithredu oddi mewn iddo. Barn y Llywodraeth yw y dylaifod gan y Cynulliad y swyddogaeth hon.

3.5Yn ogystal, mae profiad wedi dangos bod pweraudeddfwriaethol presennol y Cynulliad yn rhy ddarniog i alluogiLlywodraeth y Cynulliad i weithredu ei pholisïau mor effeithiolag y dylai. Nid yw pwerau’r Cynulliad yn gydlynol o gwbl;maen nhw’n codi o dan amryw byd o wahanol Ddeddfau ac ynamrywio o ran eu sgôp a’u pwysigrwydd yng nghyswllt cyflawniswyddogaethau’r Cynulliad. Yn aml iawn, maen nhw’n cael eutrosglwyddo o dan Ddeddfau Seneddol sy’n berthnasol i Cymrua Lloegr ac yn adlewyrchu yr hyn y mae’r Senedd yn barod i’wdrosglwyddo i Weinidogion y Llywodraeth. Fodd bynnag, corffsydd wedi’i ethol yn ddemocrataidd yw’r Cynulliad, a’idrefniadau archwilio a chydbwyso yn rhan annatod ohono drwyei weithdrefnau deddfwriaethol cadarn – sy’n dra gwahanol iunrhyw Ysgrifennydd Gwladol unigol. Dylid gwreiddio’rystyriaeth hon yn nhrafodaethau’r Senedd ar drosglwyddopwerau i’r Cynulliad.

3.6Ym marn y Llywodraeth, felly, mae angen ystyried o’r newydd yberthynas rhwng y Senedd a’r Cynulliad ar y materion hyn. Arhyn o bryd, mae’r Senedd a’r Cynulliad yn deddfu ar gyferCymru, a’r cwestiwn sy’n codi yw pa gydbwysedd cyfrifoldeb ydylid ei gael rhwng y ddau gorff. Mae’r Llywodraeth yn credu eibod yn bryd gogwyddo’r awdurdod deddfwriaethol tuag at yCynulliad, heb effeithio ar oruchafiaeth gyfansoddiadol ySenedd dros Cymru yn y Deyrnas Unedig.

3.7Mae’r Senedd wedi trosglwyddo awdurdod deddfu, gangynnwys y gallu i ddiwygio deddfwriaeth sylfaenol y Senedd eihun, i gyrff fel Senedd yr Alban a Chynulliad Gogledd Iwerddonac, i raddau llai, i Weinidogion. Fel y soniwyd uchod, mae gan yCynulliad eisoes rai o’r pwerau hyn. Y cwestiwn yw i ba raddauac ar ba delerau y bydd y Senedd yn fodlon trosglwyddoawdurdod deddfu ychwanegol i’r Cynulliad a, thrwy wneudhynny, yn taro cydbwysedd newydd yng nghyswllt awdurdoddeddfwriaethol yng Nghymru rhwng y Senedd ar yr un llaw a’rCynulliad ar y llaw arall.

3.8Ym marn y Llywodraeth, ar hyn o bryd nid oes consensws yngNghymru o blaid rhoi pwerau deddfu llawn i’r Cynulliad felgyda Senedd yr Alban. Felly, mae’r Llywodraeth yn bwriadusymud yn raddol tuag at fwy o bwerau deddfu. Bydd y camcyntaf yn cael ei weithredu gyda chyhoeddiad y Papur Gwynhwn fel rhan o’r cytundeb presennol. Bydd yr ail gam angendeddfwriaeth, a gyflwynir yn ystod sesiwn cydredol Seneddol.

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Pennod Tri

Y CEFNDIR

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Mwy o Bwerau Deddfu i’r Cynulliad

3.1Mae’r bennod hon yn disgrifio sut y bydd y Llywodraeth ynrhoi mwy o bwerau deddfu i’r Cynulliad. Er y cafwyd tipyn oddeddfwriaeth Gymreig yn unig yn San Steffan ers datganoli,credwn fod achos cryf dros alluogi Llywodraeth y Cynulliad iweithredu ei blaenoriaethau deddfwriaethol – a chyflawni eihagenda bolisi – yn fwy disymwth.

3.2Pan sefydlwyd y Cynulliad Cenedlaethol, yr oedd y pwerau aroddwyd iddo yn rhai a gyflawnwyd yn flaenorol ganYsgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru – hynny yw, pwerau gweithredolyn bennaf, ac nid pwerau deddfwriaethol, oeddent. Foddbynnag, mae gan bob Ysgrifennydd Gwladol bwerau i wneudGorchmynion a Rheoliadau, neu i gyflwyno codau statudol, odan amryw byd o Ddeddfau Seneddol. Fel arfer, mae’r Seneddyn craffu ar y pwerau hyn i wneud is-ddeddfwriaeth. Gwneir yrhan fwyaf ohonynt o dan yr hyn a elwir yn WeithdrefnBenderfynu Negyddol; hynny yw, gwneir hwynt gan yrYsgrifennydd Gwladol cyn dod i rym yn awtomatig ar ôl cyfnodpenodol oni bai fod y Senedd yn pleidleisio i’w dirymu wedyn(er mai pur anaml yn mae hyn yn digwydd). Mae rhai o’rdarnau is-ddeddfwriaeth pwysicach yn dilyn GweithdrefnBenderfynu Gadarnhaol; hynny yw, rhaid cael trafodaeth achytundeb arnynt yn Nhy’r Cyffredin ac yn Nhy’r Arglwyddicyn y gellir eu pasio.

3.3Ynghyd â’i bwerau gweithredol, cafodd y pwerau is-ddeddfwriaeth hynny a gyflawnwyd yn flaenorol ganYsgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru hefyd eu trosglwyddo i’rCynulliad ym 1999. Mae Deddfau Seneddol ar ôl hynny weditrosglwyddo pwerau is-ddeddfwriaeth ychwanegol i’r Cynulliadar sail ad-hoc. Mae rhai o’r rhain, o’r cyfnod cyn ac ar ôl 1999,yn cynnwys y gallu i ddiwygio Deddfau Seneddol blaenorol ibwrpas neilltuol.

3.4Unwaith y trosglwyddir pwerau gweithredol yn uniongyrchol iWeinidogion y Cynulliad yn hytrach nag i’r Cynulliad fel corffcorfforaethol, byddant hefyd yn gallu ymarfer llawer o bweraupresennol y Cynulliad i wneud is-ddeddfwriaeth. Bydd yCynulliad yn craffu, drwy ddefnyddio pa bynnag ddull y byddyn ei ddewis, ar sut y bydd Gweinidogion yn ymarfer y pwerauhyn. Er hynny, ni fydd y pwerau hyn yn golygu y bydd yCynulliad yn gallu dylanwadu’n sylweddol hyd yn oed wedyn ary fframwaith deddfwriaethol y bydd Llywodraeth y Cynulliad

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STAFF Y CYNULLIAD

2.18 Bydd craffu yn neilltuol o bwysig yng nghyswllt gwariantLlywodraeth y Cynulliad. Mae adnoddau’r Cynulliad yn cael eupenderfynu ar sail Fformiwla Barnett. O dan y trefniantpresennol, mae’r Senedd yn pleidleisio dros adnoddau iYsgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru, sy’n eu pasio ymlaen i’rCynulliad ar ôl cymryd “brigdoriad” ar gyfer costau SwyddfaCymru. Bydd y trefniant hwn yn parhau unwaith y gwahanirelfennau deddfwriaethol a gweithredol y Cynulliad, ond byddangen i’r Cynulliad, ar ôl iddo dderbyn cyllid gan yrYsgrifennydd Gwladol, bleidleisio dros adnoddau i Lywodraethy Cynulliad a dal Gweinidogion y Cynulliad i gyfrif am ydefnydd a wneir o’r adnoddau hyn. Bydd angen i’r Cynulliadnewid ei Reolau Sefydlog yng nghyswllt gweithdrefnau ariannoli ystyried y swyddogaethau deddfwriaethol a gweithredol.

2.19 Bydd gwaith y Cynulliad o graffu ar y defnydd a wneir oadnoddau yn cael ei gynorthwyo gan Archwiliwr CyffredinolCymru. Ar hyn o bryd, penodir yr Archwiliwr Cyffredinol gan yGoron ar gyngor yr Ysgrifennydd Gwladol. Barn y Llywodraethyw pan sefydlir Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru, fel a ddisgrifiruchod, y byddai’n fwy priodol i benodiadau i’r swydd hon yn ydyfodol gael eu gwneud gan Ei Mawrhydi ar sail enwebiad gany Cynulliad. Yn yr un modd, bwriedir hefyd gwneudpenodiadau i swydd Ombwdsmon y Gwasanaethau Cyhoeddusyng Nghymru yn y dyfodol gan Ei Mawrhydi, ar sail enwebiadgan y Cynulliad. Bydd y ddwy swydd hon yn cynorthwyo’rCynulliad i ddal Gweinidogion y Cynulliad i gyfrif ac, ym marny Llywodraeth, nid yw ond yn iawn bod y rhai a benodir i’rswyddi hyn yn cael eu gweld i fod yn gwbl annibynnol ounrhyw awdurdod gweithredol yng Nghymru.

2.20O dan y trefniadau a gynigir yn y bennod hon, byddai staff sy’ngwasanaethu Gweinidogion y Cynulliad yn parhau i fod ynweision sifil. Ni fyddai staff sy’n cynorthwyo’r Cynulliad, felgweision yn Seneddau’r DU a’r Alban, yn rhan o’r gwasanaethsifil. Byddai’r Cynulliad fel corff deddfwriaethol a chorff craffuyn cyflogi ei staff ei hun, er y byddai disgwyl iddo gadw atdelerau ac amodau staff tebyg i’r rhai ar gyfer gweision sifilLlywodraeth y Cynulliad. Byddai staff y Cynulliad yn parhau ifod yn gymwys i fod yn aelodau o Brif Gynllun Pensiwn yGwasanaeth Sifil, yn union fel gyda staff sy’n cynorthwyoSeneddau San Steffan a Holyrood.

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2.15 Mae’r Llywodraeth yn cytuno gyda’r dadansoddiad hwn. Gallaiun ffordd ymlaen fod yn un o ddileu’r ddarpariaeth yn y Ddeddfsy’n gofyn i Weinidogion fod yn aelodau o’r pwyllgorau pwncperthnasol. Fodd bynnag, mae’r Llywodraeth o blaid diwygiadehangach. Wrth gymharu Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru gydaDeddf yr Alban, gwelir bod y gyntaf yn llawer mwy rhagnodolo ran disgwyl i strwythur pwyllgorau cynhwysfawr fod yn ei le.Yn ychwanegol at y pwyllgorau pwnc (saith ar hyn o bryd),mae’r Ddeddf yn rhagnodi bod yn rhaid i’r Cynulliad fod âPhwyllgor Archwilio, Pwyllgor Craffu ar Is-ddeddfwriaeth aphwyllgorau rhanbarth (pedwar ar hyn o bryd), yn ogystal âPhwyllgor Gweithredol (y Cabinet). Ar y llaw arall, dim ondcyfeiriad sylfaenol at bwyllgorau a wneir yn Neddf yr Alban.Mae cwestiynau ynghylch a ddylid sefydlu pwyllgorau penodola pha dasgau y dylent eu cyflawni yn faterion sy’n cael eugadael yn llwyr bron i Reolau Sefydlog Senedd yr Alban.

2.16 Ym marn y Llywodraeth, dylid bellach mabwysiadu’r drefnsyml a di-lol hon ar gyfer y Cynulliad hefyd. Yn gyffredinol,dylai’r Cynulliad fod yn gallu sefydlu’r pwyllgorau hyn fel ygwêl yn briodol, yn unol â’i Reolau Sefydlog. Yr unig reolaethddeddfwriaethol y byddai angen ei chael fyddai glynu wrth yregwyddor y dylai’r Cynulliad, pan yn penderfynu ynghylchaelodaeth unrhyw bwyllgorau y byddai’n dewis eu sefydlu,ystyried cydbwysedd y pleidiau gwleidyddol yn y Cynulliad.Mae’r Llywodraeth felly’n cynnig, gyda rhai eithriadau, y dyliddileu’r cyfyngiadau statudol presennol yng nghyswlltpwyllgorau’r Cynulliad (gan gynnwys yr un yn gofyn bodGweinidogion yn aelodau o bwyllgorau pwnc), a chyflwyno unddarpariaeth yn eu lle i’r perwyl bod trefniadaeth agweithdrefnau mewnol y Cynulliad yn cael eu rheoleiddio gan eiReolau Sefydlog ei hun. Un eithriad clir i’r rheol gyffredinol honfyddai parhau’r rheidrwydd i gael Pwyllgor Archwilio, gan fodswyddogaethau pwysig eraill wedi eu rhoi iddo’n uniongyrcholo dan ddeddfwriaeth arall.

2.17 Wrth gynnig y ffordd hon ymlaen, nid yw’r Llywodraeth ynmynegi barn o gwbl am strwythur presennol pwyllgorau’rCynulliad. Efallai’n hawdd y bydd y Cynulliad yn dewis cadwllawer o’r rhai sydd eisoes yn eu lle. Y pwynt hanfodol yw ydylai strwythur pwyllgorau’r Cynulliad, yn y dyfodol, fod ynfater o ddisgresiwn i’r Cynulliad yn hytrach na’n cael ei ragnodigan ystatud: dylai’r Cynulliad fod yn rhydd i sefydlu unrhywbwyllgorau y gwêl eu hangen i sicrhau bod craffu effeithiol arwaith Gweinidogion yn digwydd.

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CRAFFU ARBERFFORMIAD

GWEINIDOGION

2.13 Mae gan y Cynulliad, o dan Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru, raidyletswyddau statudol penodol fel corff corfforaethol cyfan. Unenghraifft o’r rhain yw ei bod yn ofynnol iddo gyhoeddiadroddiad blynyddol ar ei drefniadau i sicrhau cyfle cyfartalwrth gyflawni ei swyddogaethau, a chynhyrchu cynllun yndisgrifio sut y mae’n bwriadu, wrth ymarfer ei swyddogaethau,hybu datblygu cynaliadwy. Gan y bydd y swyddogaethau hynyn cael eu cyflawni yn y dyfodol gan Weinidogion CynulliadCymru yn hytrach na chan y Cynulliad fel un corff, bydd ydyletswyddau sydd ynghlwm wrthynt hefyd yn disgyn arWeinidogion. Yn yr un modd, bydd Gweinidogion yn y dyfodolyn gyfrifol am gyflawni’r gwahanol ddyletswyddau sydd gan yCynulliad ar hyn o bryd i sefydlu partneriaeth neu drefniadauymgynghori gyda busnesau, llywodraeth leol a’r sectorgwirfoddol (er y byddai, wrth gwrs, yn dal i fod yn bosibl iAelodau o’r Cynulliad, gan gynnwys rhai o’r gwrthbleidiau,fynychu cyfarfodydd o’r fath ar wahoddiad Gweinidogion).Bydd ymgynghori neu drefniadau ar gyfer gwneudpenderfyniadau ar y cyd gyda Gweinidogion y DU yn cael eiddatgan yn ffurfiol fel cyfrifoldeb Gweinidogion CynulliadCymru yn hytrach na’r Cynulliad. (Mewn gwirionedd, ni fyddhyn yn gwneud dim mwy na gosod y sylfaen gyfreithiol ffurfiolar gyfer yr hyn sy’n digwydd eisoes). Bydd Deddfau Seneddol yny dyfodol fel arfer yn trosglwyddo swyddogaethau gweithredol iWeinidogion y Cynulliad yn hytrach nag i’r Cynulliad ei hun.

2.14 O dan Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru, rhaid i bob Gweinidog sy’ngyfrifol am bortffolio penodol fod yn aelod o bwyllgor pwnc arhaid i gylch gwaith y pwyllgor hwnnw fod yn union yr un fathâ chylch gwaith y Gweinidog. Mae swyddogaethau’r pwyllgoraupwnc yn cynnwys craffu ar berfformiad Gweinidogion yngnghyswllt eu portffolios drwy dderbyn a holi ynghylchadroddiadau rheolaidd gan y Gweinidog ond, hefyd, disgwyliriddynt gyfrannu (ochr yn ochr â’r Gweinidog) at ddatblygiadpolisi ym mhob maes portffolio. Casgliad Comisiwn Richard,fodd bynnag, oedd bod aelodaeth Gweinidogion o bwyllgoraupwnc wedi bod yn llyffethair i graffu effeithiol, a bod diwyllianto graffu ar hyd llinellau seneddol traddodiadol wedi methu âdatblygu. Yr oedd y trefniadau presennol wedi cymylu’ratebolrwydd. Gan hynny, argymhelliad y Comisiwn oedd y dylaiGweinidogion beidio â bod yn aelodau o bwyllgorau pwnc.

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SWYDDOGAETHAUGWEINIDOGOL

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Alban. Trafodir y goblygiadau hyn ymhellach ym mharagraff2.20 isod. Gan y bydd Gweinidogion Cynulliad Cymru agweision sifil, yn y dyfodol, yn gweithredu ar ran y Goron, byddyn bosibl gwneud i ffwrdd â’r trefniadau dirprwyo cymhlethsy’n ofynnol yn bresennol o dan Ddeddf Llywodraeth Cymru alle mae swyddogaethau yn cael eu cyflawni ar ran Gweinidogiongan eu staff.

2.11O dan strwythur y “corff corfforaethol” a grëwyd gan DdeddfLlywodraeth Cymru, y Cynulliad cyfan (yn hytrach na’rGweinidogion) sy’n gyfreithiol gyfrifol am gyflawni’rswyddogaethau statudol (pwerau a dyletswyddau). Mae’rswyddogaethau hyn yn deillio o amryw byd o DdeddfauSeneddol, gan gynnwys rhai a basiwyd cyn 1999 – pan ddaeth yCynulliad i rym – ac o eraill a basiwyd ers hynny, a hefyd yncynnwys swyddogaethau a grëwyd gan Ddeddf LlywodraethCymru ei hun. Fel rhan o’r ymraniad ffurfiol rhwng elfennaugweithredol a deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad, bydd angenpenderfynu – yng nghyswllt pob swyddogaeth – pwy fydd yngyfrifol am eu cyflawni yn y dyfodol.

2.12Seiliodd y Llywodraeth ei chynigion datganoli gwreiddiol ardrosglwyddo i’r Cynulliad ystod eang o swyddogaethau statudola oedd yn cael eu cyflawni ar y pryd gan Ysgrifennydd GwladolCymru. O ganlyniad, mae’r mwyafrif llethol o swyddogaethaupresennol y Cynulliad yn rhai Gweinidogol neu Weithredol eunatur. Bydd y Mesur a fydd yn ffurfioli gwahanu’r breichiaugweithredol a deddfwriaethol, felly, yn trosglwyddo cyfrifoldebam y rhan fwyaf o swyddogaethau gweithredol presennol yCynulliad i Weinidogion Cynulliad Cymru. Bydd y rhain yncynnwys y math o bwerau i wneud is-ddeddfwriaeth sydd wedi euhymarfer yn draddodiadol gan Weinidogion ar sail y model addefnyddir yn San Steffan (ac yng Nghaeredin). Er hynny, bydd yCynulliad yn cadw rhai swyddogaethau deddfu pwysig (a hefydyn ennill pwerau o dan y cynigion ym Mhennod 3). Bydd rhaimathau pwysig o orchmynion deddfu yn parhau i gael eu gwneudganddo, a bydd angen ei gymeradwyaeth ar gyfer rhai eraill. ByddAelodau o’r Cynulliad hefyd yn gallu dirymu gorchmynion erailla wneir gan Weinidogion. Bydd y cyfrifoldeb dros gymeradwyocynlluniau strategol statudol pwysig yn derfynol, CynllunGofodol Cymru er enghraifft, yn parhau i orwedd gyda’rCynulliad hyd yn oed ar ôl i’r ymraniad ddod i rym; bydd yMesur a ddefnyddir i weithredu cynigion y Llywodraeth yngwneud darpariaeth briodol ar gyfer y materion hyn.

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Gweinidogion Cynulliad Cymru yn cael eu galw, fel un corff, ynLlywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru.

(ii) Y Cwnsler Cyffredinol

2.7 O dan y cytundeb datganoli Cymreig, ceidw Llywodraeth y DUgyfrifoldeb dros nifer o feysydd llywodraethu pwysig, gangynnwys cyfiawnder troseddol a sifil, a’r llysoedd. Mae hyn ynadlewyrchu’r ffaith bod Cymru a Lloegr yn dod o dan unawdurdodaeth gyfreithiol. Mae cyngor cyfreithiol yng nghyswlltCymru ar y materion hyn yn cael ei ddarparu i Lywodraeth yDU gan Swyddogion Cyfreithiol y DU.

2.8Fodd bynnag, ni all Swyddogion Cyfreithiol y DU gyflawni’r rôlo ddarparu cyngor cyfreithiol awdurdodol i Lywodraeth yCynulliad, gan eu bod yn aelodau o weinyddiaeth wahanol.Mae’r rôl hon wedi’i hymarfer gan Gwnsler Cyffredinol yCynulliad, sy’n aelod o staff y Cynulliad. Mae statws newyddGweinidogion Cynulliad Cymru fel Gweinidogion y Goron, arôl ddatblygol llywodraeth ddatganoledig i Gymru, yn golygu eibod yn briodol bellach gwneud trefniant mwy ffurfiol. Felly,bydd swydd statudol newydd o Gwnsler Cyffredinol iLywodraeth y Cynulliad yn cael ei chreu.

2.9Bydd y Cwnsler Cyffredinol yn cael ei benodi gan Ei Mawrhydiar sail argymhelliad Prif Weinidog Cymru gyda chytundeb yCynulliad. Bydd ef neu hi yn aelod o Lywodraeth CynulliadCymru ond nid oes raid iddynt fod yn Aelod o’r Cynulliad oanghenraid. Bydd y Cwnsler Cyffredinol yn gallu annerch yCynulliad, er enghraifft i ateb cwestiynau Aelodau o’rCynulliad. Ei phrif rôl hi neu ef fydd cynghori Gweinidogion yCynulliad ar faterion cyfreithiol yn ymwneud â chyflawni euswyddogaethau datganoledig. Bydd gan y Cwnsler Cyffredinolhefyd bwer, fel sydd gan Swyddogion Cyfreithiol y DU, igyfeirio at y llysoedd unrhyw fater lle cyfyd cwestiwn ynghylcha ydyw’r Cynulliad (wrth weithredu fel corff deddfwriaethol)neu Lywodraeth y Cynulliad yn gweithredu o fewn eu pweraucyfreithiol ai peidio.

(iii) Y gwasanaeth sifil

2.10 Yn y dyfodol, bydd gweision sifil yn gweithredu’n llwyr igynorthwyo Gweinidogion Cynulliad Cymru. Bydd hyn yneffeithio ar sefyllfa aelodau o staff sydd, ar hyn o bryd, yngweithio i Wasanaeth Seneddol y Cynulliad. Y rhain sy’ncyfateb agosaf yng Nghymru i’r staff a gyflogir gan GorffCorfforaethol Seneddol yr Alban, sy’n cynorthwyo Senedd yr

ˆ

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AWDURDODGWEITHREDOL

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yng Nghymru wedi symud i ffwrdd o’r system bwyllgorau

draddodiadol ac wedi mabwysiadu model gyda “phwyllgorau

gweithredol a chraffu”.

�Nodwedd arall o’r model “Gweinidogion fel dirprwyon”

sy’n gallu creu anhawster ymarferol yw bod Gweinidogion, fel

Aelodau eraill o’r Cynulliad, yn peidio â bod yn Aelodau o’r

Cynulliad yn syth cyn etholiad y Cynulliad. Felly, maen nhw’n

peidio â bod yn Weinidogion ac, o ganlyniad, nid oes unrhyw

wleidyddion etholedig sy’n gallu ymarfer swyddogaethau

gweithredol hyd nes yr etholir Prif Weinidog Cymru newydd

gan y Cynulliad. Yn dilyn canlyniad etholiad agos, gallai hyn

gymryd tipyn o amser a byddai’n rhaid i weision sifil, yn y

cyfamser, wneud unrhyw benderfyniadau gweithredol

angenrheidiol heb gyfarwyddyd gwleidyddol. Ym marn y

Llywodraeth, nid yw hyn yn drefniant priodol.

2.5 Mae’r Cynulliad ei hun wedi canfod y gwendidau hyn yn eiwneuthuriad sefydliadol. Ym mis Chwefror 2002 pasioddbenderfyniad unfrydol yn galw am ymraniad mor glir â phosiblrhwng gwaith ei gangen weithredol a gwaith ei gangendeddfwiaethol, i’r graddau a ganiateir o dan gyfyngiadaucyfreithiol Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru. Yn fwy diweddar, yn eiymateb i adroddiad Comisiwn Richard ym mis Hydref 2004,pasiodd y Cynulliad benderfyniad yn galw am ddeddfwriaeth isicrhau bod ei ganghennau gweithredol a seneddol yn gyfreithiolar wahân. Mae’r Llywodraeth yn cytuno bod angen yr ymraniadcyfreithiol hwn fel mater o flaenoriaeth erbyn hyn, a disgrifircynigion manwl ar gyfer cyflawni hyn yng ngweddill y bennodhon.

(i) Gweinidogion

2.6 O dan gynigion y Llywodraeth, bydd y termau “Prif WeinidogCymru” a “Gweinidogion y Cynulliad” yn dod yn rhai statudol.Bydd Prif Weinidog Cymru yn cael ei benodi gan Ei Mawrhydio blith Aelodau o’r Cynulliad yn dilyn enwebiad gan yCynulliad a fydd, wedyn, gyda chymeradwyaeth Ei Mawrhydi,yn penodi’r Gweinidogion eraill. Bydd darpariaethau yn NeddfLlywodraeth Cymru yn cael ei newid i ganiatáu penodi dirprwyWeinidogion, a fydd yna’n cael eu penodi gan Brif WeinidogCymru yn yr un modd, ac yn derbyn cyflog. Bydd Gweinidogionyn cyflawni eu cyfrifoldebau cyfreithiol ar ran y Goron ynhytrach na thrwy broses ddirprwyo ar ran y Cynulliad. Bydd

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2.4 Nid yw’r trefniadau hyn wedi rhwystro’r Cynulliad rhaggweithio’n effeithiol ers ei sefydlu chwe blynedd yn ôl. Foddbynnag, mae ganddynt ganlyniadau a chyfyngiadau dieisiausydd angen sylw:

�Mae dryswch yn bodoli ynghylch atebolrwydd. Dywedir

bod penderfyniadau yn cael eu gwneud gan “y Cynulliad” lle

mai ychydig iawn, mewn gwirionedd, o Aelodau’r Cynulliad

sy’n rhan o wneud y penderfyniadau hyn neu a fydd hyd yn oed

yn gwybod llawer amdanynt yn y rhan fwyaf o achosion. Y

rheswm am hyn yw bod y penderfyniadau mewn gwirionedd, ac

yn gwbl briodol, wedi eu gwneud gan Weinidogion neu weision

sifil unigol o dan eu pwerau dirprwyol. Er hynny, dylai pobl

Cymru fod yn gwybod ac yn gallu gweld pwy sy’n gyfrifol am

wneud penderfyniadau a phwy sy’n atebol drostynt. Mae

priodoli penderfyniadau o’r fath i’r Cynulliad fel un corff yn

cymylu’r atebolrwydd hwn.

�Disgwylir i’r gwasanaeth sifil sy’n cynorthwyo’r Cynulliad

wasanaethu’r Gweinidogion sy’n cyflawni swyddogaethau

gweithredol, a changen ddeddfwriaethol y Cynulliad sy’n dal

Gweinidogion i gyfrif. Ar ystyr pragmatig, gall y rhan fwyaf o

weision sifil wneud hyn y rhan fwyaf o’r amser. Ond gall hefyd

roi uwch swyddogion y gwasanaeth sifil yng Nghymru mewn

sefyllfa anodd o orfod delio gyda theyrngarwch sy’n ymddangos

weithiau i fod yn anghyson. Fel a nodir yn yr adroddiad gan

Gomisiwn Richard, “nid yw eglurder y gwahanol gyfrifoldebau

sydd gan swyddogion y llywodraeth a swyddogion seneddol yn

yr Alban, Gogledd Iwerddon, San Steffan ac yn y rhan fwyaf o

wledydd y Gymanwlad, yn berthnasol yng Nghymru”. Ym

marn y Llywodraeth, mae’n bryd newid hyn.

�Mae Gweinidogion yn gweithredu fel dirprwyon ar ran y

Cynulliad, yn hytrach nag yn rhinwedd eu swyddi fel rhai a

benodir gan y Goron. Mae hyn yn golygu bod modd i’w

hawdurdod dirprwyol i wneud unrhyw a phob penderfyniad

gael ei gymryd oddi arnynt ar unrhyw adeg drwy bleidlais

fwyafrifiol yn y Cynulliad. Mae hyn, ym marn y Llywodraeth,

yn sylfaen llawer rhy ansicr i godi llywodraeth effeithiol a

chynaliadwy i Gymru arni. Mae’n golygu, er enghraifft, y

gallai’r Cynulliad, o ganlyniad i un bleidlais mewn cyfarfod

llawn, symud o fodel Gweinidogol i fodel pwyllgor ar gyfer

gwneud penderfyniadau. I’r gwrthwyneb, mae llywodraeth leol

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Pennod Dau

Y CEFNDIR

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Strwythur Gweithredol Newydd

2.1 Mae’r bennod hon yn disgrifio cynigion y Llywodraeth i newidy darpariaethau yn Neddf Llywodraeth Cymru fel y gellir creuawdurdod gweithredol Gweinidogol ar wahân i Cymru, afyddai’n gwbl atebol i’r Cynulliad Cenedlaethol ond wedi’iddatgysylltu’n gyfreithiol ohono. Bydd hyn yn cryfhauatebolrwydd Gweinidogion drwy hwyluso craffu mwy manwl areu perfformiad ac yn rhoi proses fwy agored ac effeithiol a llaidryslyd o wneud penderfyniadau, sy’n haws i’r cyhoedd ei deall.

2.2 O dan “Fodel San Steffan” mae cyfansoddiadau ac awdurdodgweithredol a deddfwriaethol yn bethau ar wahân ond yngysylltiedig. Ar lefel y Deyrnas Unedig, ceir ymraniad rhwngGweinidogion y Goron ar yr un llaw, a’r Senedd ar y llaw arall.Er bod Llywodraeth y dydd yn derbyn ei hawdurdoddemocrataidd o ganlyniad i blaid fwyafrifol yn y Senedd ac ynatebol i’r Senedd am y modd y mae’n ymarfer ei phwerau,penodir Gweinidogion i’w swyddi gan Ei Mawrhydi fel eu bodyn gallu ymarfer eu pwerau fel Gweinidogion y Goron. Mae’rtrefniadau datganoli a grëwyd ar gyfer yr Alban o dan Ddeddfyr Alban 1998 yn dilyn y patrwm traddodiadol hwn. PenodirPrif Weinidog yr Alban gan Ei Mawrhydi. Mae ef a’iWeinidogion (sydd gyda’i gilydd yn ffurfio Gweithrediaeth yrAlban) yn ymarfer eu swyddogaethau statudol ar ran y Goron,ond yn atebol i Senedd yr Alban. (Mae’r trefniant hwn ynnodweddiadol o gyfansoddiadau sy’n seiliedig ar fodel SanSteffan hyd yn oed lle nad oes brenhiniaeth; felly, er enghraifft,mae Gweinidogion y Cabinet yn Iwerddon yn derbyn sêlawdurdod ar gyfer eu swyddi gan Lywydd y Weriniaeth ond ynateb i’r Dáil yng nghyswllt gweithrediad eu busnes).

2.3 Mae strwythur y Cynulliad, a sefydlwyd o dan DdeddfLlywodraeth Cymru 1998, yn dra gwahanol. Crëwyd CynulliadCenedlaethol Cymru fel un corff corfforaethol gyda’ibersonoliaeth gyfreithiol ei hun. O dan y Ddeddf, nid oesunrhyw ymraniad ffurfiol rhwng awdurdod gweithredol acawdurdod deddfwriaethol yng Nghymru. Cyflawnirswyddogaethau’r Cynulliad naill ai gan y Cynulliad ei hun, erenghraifft pan fydd yn ymarfer ei bwerau deddfwriaethol, neugan rai (Gweinidogion fel arfer ond swyddogion weithiau) sy’ngweithredu ar ei ran o dan broses gymhleth o ddirprwyoawdurdod gweithredol.

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Y SYSTEMETHOLIADOL

1.27Mae’r System Aelodau Ychwanegol lle caiff Aelodau o’rCynulliad eu hethol wedi gweithio’n dda i sicrhaucynrychiolaeth yn y Cynulliad gan bob plaid a enillodd gyfranhelaeth o’r bleidlais yn etholiadau’r Cynulliad. Fodd bynnag, ymmarn y Llywodraeth mae gan y system hon un gwendid, syddangen ei datrys yng ngoleuni trafodaeth ar y mater hwn yngNghymru.

1.28Yn hanesyddol, mae’r system etholiadol yn y DU wedi rhoipwyslais mawr ar y berthynas rhwng Aelodau – p’un ai’naelodau Seneddol, awdurdod lleol neu’n aelodau o gyrffdatganoledig – a’u hetholwyr. Mae gweithrediad presennol yrhestrau rhanbarthol yng Nghymru yn amharu ar y berthynashon.

1.29Mae cryn anfodlonrwydd gyda’r ffaith bod ymgeiswyr sy’n caeleu gwrthod gan etholaeth neilltuol dal yn gallu dod yn Aelodauo’r Cynulliad oddi ar y rhestr ranbarthol, ac felly’n gallu hawlioeu bod yn cynrychioli’r etholaeth a wrthododd bleidleisiodrostynt. Yng Nghymru, ceir sefyllfa lle daw ymgeiswyr agurwyd mewn etholaeth yn Aelodau o’r Cynulliad oddi ar yrhestr ranbarthol ar gyfer yr etholaeth honno. Afraid dweud nadyw hyn wedi gwella hygrededd y broses etholiadol nachyfranogiad y pleidleiswyr ynddi. Mae hefyd yn achosi crynddryswch ymhlith etholwyr bod Aelodau oddi ar y rhestrau yngallu agor swyddfa etholaeth a delio gyda gwaith achos yretholaeth fel “aelod lleol”, mewn cystadleuaeth â’r aelod dros yretholaeth.

1.30Mae’r Llywodraeth felly:

Yn bwriadu deddfu fel bod ymgeiswyr yn gallu sefyll naill ai

mewn etholaeth neu ar restr y blaid, ond nid ar gyfer y ddau.

Byddai hyn yn sicrhau na allai ymgeiswyr sy’n cael eu gwrthod

gan y pleidleiswyr mewn etholaeth benodol yna ddod yn

Aelodau o’r Cynulliad oddi ar y rhestr, gan hawlio eu bod yn

cynrychioli’r etholaeth honno.

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deddfwriaethol y bydd Gweinidogion y Cynulliad yngweithredu.

1.23Mae’r Llywodraeth yn ymrwymedig i sicrhau bod gan yCynulliad yr arfau i gyflwyno newid yn y meysydd y mae eisoesyn gyfrifol drostynt. Yr ydym, felly, yn bwriadu rhoi i’rCynulliad – yn raddol dros nifer o flynyddoedd – mwy obwerau deddfu yn y meysydd polisi penodol lle mae ganddoeisoes swyddogaethau gweithredol.

1.24Yn gyntaf oll, mae’r Llywodraeth yn bwriadu dirprwyo – arunwaith, ac wrth ddrafftio deddfwriaeth sylfaenol yng nghyswlltCymru – y disgresiwn mwyaf i’r Cynulliad gyda gwneud eiddarpariaethau ei hun, drwy ddefnyddio ei bwerau is-ddeddfwriaethol. Ni fydd angen gwneud unrhyw newid iddarpariaethau yu Neddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998 i gyflawnihyn.

1.25Fel ychwanegiad pellach at bwerau deddfu’r Cynulliad, afyddai’n gofyn am ddeddfwriaeth sylfaenol, mae’r Llywodraethyn bwriadu cyflwyno trefniadau lle bo’r Senedd yn gallu rhoipwerau i’r Cynulliad i ddiwygio ei ddeddfwriaeth neu i wneuddarpariaethau newydd ynghylch materion penodol, neu o fewnmeysydd polisi penodol yn y materion y mae gan y Cynulliadeisoes gyfrifoldeb gweithredol drostynt. Byddai gorchmynion yny Cyfrin Gyngor i drosglwyddo’r pwerau hyn yn cael eu gwneudar gais y Cynulliad, ac yn cael eu hawdurdodi’n benodol gan ySenedd. Byddent yn ymwneud â darnau arbennig oddeddfwriaeth neu â phynciau penodol, ac yn ymestyn drosfeysydd eang neu gyfyng.

1.26Yn y tymor hir, gellid rhoi pwerau cyffredinol i’r Cynulliad iddatblygu deddfwriaeth sylfaenol yn y meysydd hynny lle maeswyddogaethau eisoes wedi eu datganoli ar eu cyfer. Fel newidsylfaenol i’r cytundeb Cymreig, byddai angen cymeradwyaethpobl Cymru i hyn drwy refferendwm ôl-ddeddfwriaethol. Nidyw’r Llywodraeth yn rhagweld unrhyw amserlen neilltuol argyfer hyn, gan y byddai’n dibynnu ar gonsensws nad yw’nbodoli ar hyn o bryd. Fodd bynnag, er mwyn osgoi’r angen igyflwyno trydydd Mesur Llywodraeth Cymru pe byddaiconsensws o’r fath yn cael ei gyrraedd, mae’r Llywodraeth ynbwriadu cynnwys yr opsiwn hwn yn y ddeddfwriaeth sydd arfin dod, fel y gellir ceisio cael cefnogaeth pobl Cymru idrosglwyddo pwerau deddfu yng nghyswllt meysydddatganoledig drwy alw refferendwm rywbryd yn y dyfodol.

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Cynulliad Cymru) a braich “ddeddfwriaethol” y Cynulliad, cynbelled ag yr oedd yn bosibl gwneud hynny o fewn telerau DeddfLlywodraeth Cymru. Fodd bynnag, er bod hyn wedi helpu iweithredu’r system bresennol, nid yw’n datrys y broblem syddwrth wraidd y mater.

1.18Cytunir yn gyffredinol nad oes modd datrys y problemau hyngyda’r strwythur presennol. Mae’r Papur Gwyn hwn, felly, yncynnwys cynigion y Llywodraeth i ddeddfu ar gyfer ymraniadffurfiol rhwng y Cynulliad a Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru.Byddai’r newid hwn yn rhoi llywodraeth well ynghyd â gwelldealltwriaeth i’r cyhoedd o’r gwahaniaeth rhwng cyfrifoldebau’rGweinidogion ar yr un llaw a rôl y gwrthbleidiau ac aelodaumeinciau cefn y pleidiau oll ar y llaw arall.

1.19Mae’r Llywodraeth wedi gweithio gyda Llywodraeth yCynulliad yng Nghaerdydd i sicrhau bod deddfwriaeth sylfaenolwedi’i chyflwyno fel y gall gyflawni ei hagenda bolisi bwrpasolar gyfer Cymru.

1.20Ers ei sefydlu, mae’r Cynulliad wedi gwneud 23 cais amddeddfwriaeth sylfaenol, ac mae nid llai na 17 o’r rhain wediarwain at ddeddfwriaeth neu gynigion deddfwriaeth, yn amlmewn o Mesurau gyda nifer helaeth o gymalau Cymreig. Foddbynnag, fel a ddywedir yng Nghomisiwn Richard “hyd yn oedgydag ewyllys da ar y ddwy ochr, mae cyfyngiadau ymarferol argyflawni gofynion deddfwriaethol y Cynulliad”.

1.21Un broblem neilltuol yw bod yn rhaid i’r Cynulliad gystadlu agadrannau Whitehall pan fo’n bidio am amser deddfwriaeth ynSan Steffan. Mae hyn wedi golygu, ar adegau, nad ywLlywodraeth y Cynulliad wedi gallu gweithredu’n ddi-oed mewnmaes polisi lle mae’r cyhoedd yn disgwyl iddi fod yn gallugwneud hynny, fel cynnwys landlordiaid cymdeithasol yngnghylch gwaith yr Ombwdsmon Tai ar gyfer Cymru.

1.22Bydd gwahaniad ffurfiol rhwng y Cynulliad a LlywodraethCynulliad Cymru, fel sy’n cael ei gynnig yn y Papur Gwyn hwn,yn effeithio ar sut y bydd y Cynulliad a’i Bwyllgorau yngweithredu yng nghyswllt deddfwriaeth. O dan fodel SanSteffan, rhaid i rôl y Cynulliad fod yn un ddeddfwriaethol ynbennaf. Unwaith y trosglwyddir y pwerau gweithredol ynuniongyrchol i Weinidogion y Cynulliad, ni fydd euhatebolrwydd i’r Cynulliad yn dibynnu mwyach ar ddirprwyo’rswyddogaethau hynny. Mae’n bwysig, felly, bod gan Aelodauo’r Cynulliad lais cryf mewn penderfynu o dan ba fframwaith

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nhw’n cymryd, gan fod y Cynulliad yn gorff corfforaethol, bodyn rhaid i’r hyn sy’n cael ei ddweud wrth Weinidogion gael eibasio ymlaen yn syth at Aelodau o’r Cynulliad. Gall hyn arwainat sefyllfa lle na chysylltir gyda Gweinidogion hyd nes bo’rcynigion yn barod am ymgynghori cyhoeddus, sy’n gallu arwainat ddadlau diangen. Wrth i bobl ddechrau arfer â gweithiogyda’r Cynulliad, mae’r broblem hon wedi lleihau, ond mae rhaimeysydd o hyd sy’n achosi dryswch, oddi mewn a’r tu allan i’rllywodraeth.

1.13O ystyried yr ansicrwydd hwn, nid yw’n syndod bod yComisiwn Etholiadol, yn ei adroddiad ar etholiadau’r Cynulliadym 2003, wedi nodi bod lefel isel yr ymwybyddiaeth gyhoeddusynghylch pwy sy’n gwneud beth yn y Cynulliad a’r diffyggwybodaeth ynghylch ei bwerau a’i gyfrifoldebau yn ffactorausy’n cyfrannu at y lefelau pleidleisio cymharol isel.

1.14Yr ail fater sy’n codi yng nghyswllt strwythur corfforaethol yCynulliad yw’r broses o graffu ar berfformiad Gweinidogion.Un o amcanion datganoli i Gymru oedd rhoi mwy oatebolrwydd democrataidd dros y penderfyniadau llywodraethua wneir yng Nghymru, ac, i raddau helaeth, mae’r amcan hwnwedi’i gyflawni. Mae gwaith y Cynulliad yn ei gyfarfodyddllawn a’i bwyllgorau wedi golygu llawer mwy o drafod arbenderfyniadau a wneir gan Lywodraeth y Cynulliad nag o’rblaen, cyn datganoli, pan oedd penderfyniadau’n cael eugwneud gan yr Ysgrifennydd Gwladol.

1.15Mae strwythur y pwyllgorau yn golygu eu bod yn chwarae rôlbwysig gyda datblygu polisi, gyda’r Gweinidog perthnasol ynaelod o’r pwyllgor i hwyluso’r rôl honno. Fodd bynnag, mae’rstrwythur hwn yn golygu weithiau nad yw’r pwyllgorau yn gallurhoi digon o amser i holi Gweinidogion a’u bod weithiau yn eichael yn anodd newid o ddull datblygu polisi cytûn i ddull ograffu lle mae’r Gweinidog yn cael ei holi’n fanwl.

1.16Mae hyn yn destun pryder i nifer o sylwebyddion, gan gynnwysAelodau o’r Cynulliad, Gweinidogion y Cynulliad eu hunain, a’rComisiwn ar Bwerau a Threfniadau Etholiadol CynulliadCenedlaethol Cymru, sy’n cael ei gadeirio gan yr ArglwyddRichard, ac a gyflwynodd ei adroddiad ym mis Mawrth 2004.

1.17Mae’r Cynulliad wedi gwneud ei orau i geisio datrys yproblemau hyn drwy wneud y gwahaniaeth rhwng y Cynulliada’r weithrediaeth yn glir, o fewn telerau’r cytundeb presennol.Yn dilyn adolygiad traws-Bleidiol y Cynulliad ei hun o’rtrefniadau ym 2001-02, penderfynwyd yn unfrydol i greuymraniad de facto rhwng braich “weithredol” (Llywodraeth

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1.7Crëwyd Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru fel un corffcorfforaethol. Mae hyn yn golygu mai un corff sy’n gyfrifol amgyflawni swyddogaethau deddfu a gweithredol, yn lle bodsefydliadau ar wahân yn gyfrifol amdanynt, fel sydd wedidigwydd yn draddodiadol yn San Steffan / Whitehall.

1.8Un o’r rhesymau pam y dewiswyd trefn gorfforaethol panddrafftiwyd y ddeddfwriaeth wreiddiol oedd am ei bod ynseiliedig ar arferion llywodraeth leol oedd eisoes yn bodoli ar ypryd. Ond, yn y blynyddoedd diwethaf, mae awdurdodau lleolCymru wedi symud at ddull Cabinet o lywodraethu, gydaaelodau gweithredol yn cymryd penderfyniadau, ac yn cael eudal i gyfrif trwy bwyllgorau trosolwg a chraffu.

1.9O dan drefniadau presennol y Cynulliad, nid yw swyddogaethaugweithredol yn cael eu rhoi i Weinidogion fel sy’n digwydd odan y model traddodiadol. Yn hytrach, maen nhw’n cael eu rhoii’r Cynulliad fel corff cyfan. Mae Aelodau’r Cynulliad yna’ndirprwyo’r swyddogaethau hyn i Brif Weinidog Cymru drwybleidleisio mewn cyfarfod llawn; mae modd newid y trefniadaudirprwyo hyn ar unrhyw adeg drwy benderfyniad mewncyfarfod llawn arall.

1.10Mae’r diffyg ymraniad clir rhwng y Cynulliad ei hun aGweinidogion y Cynulliad a’r gweision sifil sy’n gweithio iddyntyn creu dwy broblem. Yn gyntaf, mae wedi creu cryn ddryswch.Tra bo’r rhai sy’n gweithio’n feunyddiol yn y system yn ei deall,mae’r cyhoedd yn gyffredinol yng Nghymru yn ddryslyd ganamlaf ynghylch pwy sy’n gyfrifol am y penderfyniadau sy’neffeithio arnynt.

1.11Mae’r gwaith busnes beunyddiol o lywodraethu Cymru yn caelei gyflawni gan Weinidogion y Cynulliad o dan y pwerauGweinidogol a ddirprwywyd iddynt gan y Cynulliad. Cyfyd ydryswch pan fo’r penderfyniadau hyn yn cael eu disgrifio felrhai a gymerwyd, yn ddigon priodol, gan “y Cynulliad”; maepobl yn naturiol yn cymryd bod holl Aelodau’r Cynulliad wedicyfrannu atynt, lle’n aml iawn – ac yn gwbl gywir o dandelerau’r trefniadau dirprwyo – ni chysylltwyd gyda nhw ogwbl. Ac os bydd achos llys yn cael ei gynnal o ganlyniad iweithredu gan Lywodraeth y Cynulliad, mae’r Cynulliad ei hunyn un o’r partïon yn yr achos hwnnw er nad yw y rhan fwyafo’r Aelodau hyd yn oed yn ymwybodol o ba fater y cwynir yn eigylch.

1.12Felly hefyd, mae gwneuthurwyr polisi a grwpiau budd syddeisiau cynnwys Gweinidogion o’r Cynulliad a gweision sifil sy’ngweithio iddynt mewn trafodaethau cychwynnol ynghylchmaterion o gyd-ddiddordeb, yn poeni am gyfrinachedd. Maen

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Pennod un

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Rhagarweiniad

1.1Mae’r cytundeb datganoli ar gyfer Cymru a sefydlwyd ganDdeddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998 yn un arloesol. Yn ogystal ârhoi llais gwirioneddol i bobl Cymru ar y penderfyniadauallweddol sy’n effeithio ar eu bywydau beunyddiol, nod yLlywodraeth oedd hwyluso ffordd newydd o weithio drwyddefnyddio’r elfennau gorau yn y model llywodraethu lleol a’run yn San Steffan.

1.2Datblygwyd y ddeddfwriaeth yng ngoleuni buddugoliaethrefferendwm denau i adlewyrchu anghenion ac amgylchiadauneilltuol Cymru, ac i sicrhau bod Cymru gyfan yn teimlorhywfaint o berchnogaeth dros y cyfansoddiad newydd.

1.3Yn y chwe blynedd ers ei sefydlu, mae’r Cynulliad bellach wedi’idderbyn fel rhan o dirlun gwleidyddol Cymru. Mae’r economiGymreig wedi ffynnu o ganlyniad i’r bartneriaeth rhwngLlywodraeth y DU a Llywodraeth y Cynulliad (braichweithredol y Cynulliad). Mae Llywodraeth y Cynulliad wedidatblygu ystod pwrpasol a phoblogaidd o bolisïau, gan gynnwysdileu taliadau presgripsiwn, Grantiau Dysgu’r Cynulliad ar gyferAddysg Uwch a Phellach, a brecwast am ddim i blant ysgolgynradd.

1.4Mae’r cytundeb presennol yn caniatáu i Weinidogion yLlywodraeth drosglwyddo swyddogaethau pellach i’r Cynulliad.Mae hyn yn gweithio’n dda; er enghraifft, mae’r Cynulliad ynddiweddar wedi ennill pwerau yng nghyswllt iechyd anifeiliaidac wedi ysgwyddo cyfrifoldeb dros y Gwasanaeth Cynghori aChynorthwyo Llys i Blant a Theuluoedd (CAFCASS) yngNghymru.

1.5Er hynny, tra bo’r system yn gweithio’n dda, a’r llywodraeth ynagosach at y bobl ar sawl ystyr, mae angen inni ddysgu’nbarhaus o brofiad y chwe blynedd diwethaf. Dylem fod ynceisio gwneud newidiadau synhwyrol i’r drefn lywodraethu yngNghymru, gan ei gwneud yn fwy atebol ac effeithiol.

1.6Mae’r Llywodraeth, felly, wedi dod i’r casgliad bod moddgwella’r cytundeb ar gyfer Cymru mewn tri maes yn benodol.Byddwn yn trafod y materion hyn yn fanwl yn y tair pennodganlynol, ond crynhoir hwynt isod. Cynigion yw’r rhain ar gyferCymru, ar sail anghenion a phryderon pobl Cymru.

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Ein nod yw creu Cymru sy’n wlad ymhlith y goreuon yn fyd-eang, sy’neconomaidd gystadleuol ac sy’n mwynhau gwasanaethau cyhoeddus osafon uchel; a gwreiddio hyn mewn trefn lywodraethu newydd sy’nfwy atebol, cyfranogol ac effeithiol.

Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru

Mehefin 2005

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Mae’r ddogfen hon yn tynnu sylw at dri mater allweddol y mae’rLlywodraeth yn teimlo bod angen rhoi sylw iddynt i ddatblygudatganoli fel ei fod yn gweithio’n fwy effeithiol a, thrwy hynny, ynrhoi trefn lywodraethu well i Gymru.

Yn gyntaf oll, mae’r Cynulliad wedi galw’n ffurfiol am wahanu eiganghennau gweithredol a deddfwriaethol, fel bod y cyhoedd yn deallyn glir pwy sy’n gyfrifol am wneud y penderfyniadau. Yn aml, gwneirpenderfyniadau yn enw’r Cynulliad lle maent, mewn gwirionedd, yngyfrifoldeb un Gweinidog neu swyddog, sy’n golygu ei bod yn anoddgwybod pwy ddylai fod yn atebol i’r cyhoedd drostynt. Mae hyn ynadlewyrchu’r pryder a arweiniodd at newid tebyg ym maesllywodraeth leol yn y blynyddoedd diwethaf; mae’r Cynulliad hefydeisiau sefydlu gweithrediaeth (neu Gabinet) sydd yn amlwg yn gyfrifolam benderfyniadau a fyddai’n atebol i’r corff deddfu (y Cynulliad).

Yn ail, er y cafwyd tipyn o ddeddfwriaeth Gymreig yn unig yn SanSteffan ers datganoli, mae cryn gefnogaeth i ganfod ffyrdd o alluogiLlywodraeth y Cynulliad i weithredu ei blaenoriaethau deddfwriaetholyn gynt ac yn haws o fewn y meysydd cyfrifoldeb sydd ganddo eisoes.Mae Pwyllgor Dethol Ty’r Cyffredin ar Faterion Cymreig yn eiadroddiad ar y Broses Ddeddfu Sylfaenol yn effeithio Cymru ym 2003,a Phwyllgor Dethol Ty’r Arglwyddi ar y Cyfansoddiad yn ei adroddiadar Ddatganoli ym 2002, wedi gwneud argymhellion ynghylch hyn.

Yn aml, mae pleidleiswyr yn ddryslyd ac yn bryderus ynghylch y moddy mae system etholiadol y Cynulliad yn caniatáu ymgeiswyr sy’n collimewn pleidlais etholaethol “y cyntaf i’r felin“ i ddod, er hynny, ynAelodau o’r Cynulliad dros yr un ardal drwy system o restraurhanbarthol, ac i gystadlu gyda’r Aelodau a’u curodd ym mhleidlais yretholaeth. Gyda’r nifer a bleidleisiodd yn etholiadau’r Cynulliad ym2003 yn siomedig o isel, gall agor drws cefn etholiadol i rai a gurwydar lefel etholaeth greu difaterwch ymhlith pleidleiswyr, ac arwain atdensiynau diangen rhwng Aelodau o’r Cynulliad.

Etholwyd y Llywodraeth ar sail ymrwymiad maniffesto i newid ysystem bresennol yng nghyswllt y meysydd pryder hyn. Mae’r PapurGwyn hwn, felly, yn nodi sut y bwriadwn newid statws corfforaethol yCynulliad, a chan edrych ar rai o ganlyniadau gwneud hynny. Mae’negluro sut y bwriadwn roi mwy o bwerau deddfu i’r Cynulliad agwneud i ffwrdd â’r dryswch ynghylch y system etholiadol.

Un o’r prif resymau pam y llwyddwyd i drosglwyddo mor llyfn ilywodraeth ddatganoledig yng Nghymru yw am ein bod wedi symudar gyflymdra a benderfynir gan bobl Cymru. Mae’r cynigion newyddhyn yn adlewyrchu’r egwyddor sylfaenol honno drwy arlwyo fforddymarferol a synhwyrol at drefn lywodraethu well. Mae’n fforddymlaen a gynllunnir i ddiwallu anghenion ac i gwrdd â dyheadau poblCymru.

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RhagairGweinidogol

Gan YsgrifennyddGwladol Cymru,

Y Gwir Anrh Peter Hain AS

Yr wyf yn falch o fod yn un o’r rhai a frwydrodd galetaf drosddatganoli. Mae wedi profi i fod yn llwyddiant i Cymru ac i weddill yDeyrnas Unedig. Drwy sefydlu’r Cynulliad, ar ôl cefnogaeth drwyrefferendwm, mae’r Llywodraeth wedi dod â’r broses o wneudpenderfyniadau yn agosach at y bobl.

Ac, ar ôl chwe blynedd, gallwn ni yng Nghymru ddangos y manteisionyn glir: mae mwy o bobl mewn gwaith nag erioed o’r blaen, safonauaddysg uwch a mentrau sy’n torri tir newydd, fel y Comisiynydd Plant,teithio di-dâl ar fysus i’r henoed a’r anabl, a threialu BagloriaethCymru.

Gyda nifer gyfartal o aelodau sy’n ddynion ac yn ferched, acymrwymiadau arloesol i lywodraethu agored, datblygu cynaliadwy achyfle cyfartal, bu’r Cynulliad yn sefydliad blaenllaw sydd wedi ennillei blwyf yn sydyn iawn fel rhan o’n tirlun gwleidyddol, ac wedi ennyndiddordeb ym mhedwar ban byd.

Mae’r Cynulliad wedi rhoi llais cryfach a mwy democrataidd atebol iGymru ym Mhrydain ac Ewrop. Ac mae’r bartneriaeth gydaLlywodraeth ganolog y DU wedi gweithio’n dda, gyda GweinidogionSwyddfa Cymru yn cynrychioli buddiannau Cymru yn y Cabinet, ynWhitehall ac yn y Senedd, a chyda nid llai na chwech o FesurauCymru wedi dod gerbron y Senedd ers datganoli ym 1999.

Mae datganoli wedi cryfhau’r Deyrnas Unedig, ac nid wedi eigwanhau fel yr honnodd ei wrthwynebwyr ar un adeg. Yn wir, maeCenedlaetholdeb wedi edwino yng Nghymru ers sefydlu’r Cynulliad.Mae annibyniaeth bellach yn cael ei gweld fel rhywbeth ecsentrig llegallai fod wedi ennill momentwm fel adlach yn erbyn “rheoli oLundain” yn yr 1980au a’r 1990au heb unrhyw obaith o ddiwygio’rdrefn drwy ddatganoli o 1997 ymlaen.

Fodd bynnag, mae llawer iawn wedi newid – yng Nghymru ac yn ybyd ehangach – ers i’r Senedd drafod Mesur Llywodraeth Cymru saithmlynedd yn ôl. O ganlyniad i reolaeth economaidd ddarbodus yLlywodraeth a lefelau cyson o fuddsoddi cyhoeddus, mae cyllideb yCynulliad Cenedlaethol wedi tyfu’n sylweddol o tua £8 biliwn ym1999 i dros £12 biliwn ym 2005-2006 a disgwylir y bydd yn tyfu eto i£13.5 biliwn ym 2007-08. Mae cyfrifoldebau’r Cynulliad hefyd wedicynyddu. Yn y flwyddyn ddiwethaf yn unig, mae San Steffan weditrosglwyddo amryw byd o gyfrifoldebau newydd pwysig iddo, ymmaes iechyd anifeiliaid, y gwasanaeth tân, cymorth i fyfyrwyr agwasanaethau plant. Nid yw datganoli wedi aros yn llonydd, felly –mae wedi esblygu.

Ar ôl chwe blynedd o Gynulliad gweithredol, a dau etholiad, daeth ynbryd adolygu a gwella gweithrediad y Cynulliad. Nid mater o newid ermwyn newid yw hyn, ond o sicrhau ei fod yn parhau i ddiwalluanghenion pobl Cymru ac yn hygyrch ac atebol iddynt o hyd.

Trefn Lywodraethu well i Gymru

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TrefnLywodraethu well iGymru

Rhagair Gweinidogol GanYsgrifennydd GwladolCymru

Rhagarweiniad

Y Strwythur Gweithredol newydd

Mwy o Bwerau Deddfu i’r Cynulliad

Materion etholiadol

Casgliad

1

Trefn Lywodraethu well i Gymru

Cynnwys

PENNOD UN

PENNOD DAU

PENNOD TRI

PENNOD PEDWAR

PENNOD PUMP

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© Hawlfraint y Goron 2005

Gellir copïo’r testun yn y ddogfen hon (ac eithrio’r Arfbais Brenhinol a logos adrannol)yn ddi-dâl mewn unrhyw fformat neu gyfrwng ar yr amod y caiff ei atgynhyrchu yngywir ac na chaiff ei ddefnyddio mewn unrhyw gyd-destun camarweiniol. Rhaidcydnabod y deunydd fel hawlfraint y Goron a nodi teitl y ddogfen.

Dylid anfon unrhyw ymholiadau ynghylch hawlfraint y ddogfen hon at The LicensingDivision, Llyfrfa Ei Mawrhydi (HMSO), St Clements House, 22 Colegate, Norwich,NR3 1BQ. Ffacs: 01603 723000 neu e-bostio: [email protected]

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Cm 6582

Trefn Lywodraethuwell i Gymru

Cyflwynwyd i'r Senedd gan yr Ysgrifennydd Gwladol dros GymruTrwy Orchymyn Ei Mawrhydi

Mehefin 2005

£9.00

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