TRM User Manual No. 2005-37 · TRM User Manual No. 2005-37 11/29/05 Pf 37 Commercial measures have not been added to User Manual due to ongoing discussion with DPS 255 S. Champlain

TRM User Manual No. 2005-37

11/29/05

Pf 37 Commercial measures have not been added to User Manual due to ongoing discussion with DPS

255 S. Champlain Street, Burlington, VT 05401-4717

(888) 921-5990 (toll-free) (802) 658-1643 (fax)

Technical Reference User Manual (TRM) No. 2005-37

Measure Savings Algorithms and Cost Assumptions Through Portfolio 37

Previous TRM User Manual Versions Sent to VT Department of Public Service:

TRM Number Updated Through Portfolio No.

All Measures Effective

as of:

Date Sent to DPS

No. 4-16 16 12/31/02 1/13/03

No. 2004-25 25 12/31/03 1/1/04

No. 2004-31 31 12/31/04 1/18/05

Please send questions and comments to: Carole Hakstian

Efficiency Vermont 255 S. Champlain Street Burlington, VT 05401 (802) 658-6060 x1056

[email protected]


Table of Contents

(This page is formatted so a reader can click on the page number and link to the associated page)

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6

GROSS-TO-NET SAVINGS CALCULATION ........................................................................................ 6

INTERACTIVE EFFECTS......................................................................................................................... 7

PERSISTENCE ............................................................................................................................................ 7

GLOSSARY.................................................................................................................................................. 9

LOADSHAPES........................................................................................................................................... 10

COMMERCIAL ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................................................... 15

MOTORS END USE..................................................................................................................................... 15 Efficient Motors .................................................................................................................................... 15 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) ....................................................................................................... 21 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental Remediation Projects...................................... 26 Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors ...................................................................................... 29 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms............................................................................ 33

HVAC END USE ....................................................................................................................................... 36 Electric HVAC...................................................................................................................................... 36 Dual Enthalpy Economizer................................................................................................................... 46 Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing......................................................................................... 49

LIGHTING END USE ................................................................................................................................... 51 T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast...................................................................................................... 51 CFL Fixture .......................................................................................................................................... 55 Exterior HID......................................................................................................................................... 58 LED Exit Sign ....................................................................................................................................... 60 Lighting Controls.................................................................................................................................. 62 LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals.......................................................................................................... 67 HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide ............................................................................... 70 CFL Screw-in ....................................................................................................................................... 74 Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with Electronic Ballast....................................... 77 Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast .............................................................. 80 Metal Halide Track............................................................................................................................... 82 “High Performance” or “Super” T8 Lamp/Ballast Systems................................................................ 86 T5 Fluorescent High-Bay Fixtures ....................................................................................................... 91 Lighting Power Density ........................................................................................................................ 95

TRANSFORMER END USE......................................................................................................................... 106 Energy Star Transformers .................................................................................................................. 106

REFRIGERATION END USE ....................................................................................................................... 109 Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines............................................................................... 109 Refrigerated Case Covers................................................................................................................... 111 Refrigeration Economizer................................................................................................................... 113 Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators .................................................................................................. 116 Commercial Reach-In Freezer ........................................................................................................... 119 Commercial Ice-makers..................................................................................................................... 122 Evaporator Fan Motor Controls ........................................................................................................ 126 Permanent Split Capacitor Motor ...................................................................................................... 129 Zero-Energy Doors............................................................................................................................. 131 Door Heater Controls......................................................................................................................... 133


Discus and Scroll Compressors.......................................................................................................... 136 Floating Head Pressure Control ........................................................................................................ 139

COMPRESSED AIR END USE..................................................................................................................... 142 Compressed Air – Non-Controls ........................................................................................................ 142 Compressed Air – Controls ................................................................................................................ 144

SNOW MAKING END USE ........................................................................................................................ 146 Snow Making ...................................................................................................................................... 146

MONITOR POWER MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................ 148 EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software................................................................................. 148

MULTIPLE END USES............................................................................................................................... 152 Multiple Point Control Systems.......................................................................................................... 152

VENTILATION END USE........................................................................................................................... 155 Demand-Controlled Ventilation ......................................................................................................... 155

HOT WATER END USE............................................................................................................................. 157 Efficient Hot Water Heater................................................................................................................. 157

SPACE HEATING END USE ....................................................................................................................... 160 Efficient Space Heating Equipment .................................................................................................... 160 Envelope ............................................................................................................................................. 163

LOW INCOME MULTIFAMILY PROGRAM (REEP)...................................................................... 168

LIGHTING END USE ................................................................................................................................. 168 CFL..................................................................................................................................................... 168 Lighting .............................................................................................................................................. 170 CFL Lighting Package Reinstall ........................................................................................................ 175

CLOTHES WASHING END USE ................................................................................................................. 178 Clothes Dryer ..................................................................................................................................... 178 ENERGY STAR Commercial Clothes Washer .................................................................................... 180

REFRIGERATION END USE ....................................................................................................................... 183 Energy Star Refrigerators .................................................................................................................. 183 Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines............................................................................... 185

VENTILATION END USE........................................................................................................................... 187 Ventilation Fan................................................................................................................................... 187

SPACE HEATING END USE ....................................................................................................................... 189 Heating System ................................................................................................................................... 189 Thermal Shell Upgrades..................................................................................................................... 191

AIR CONDITIONING END USE .................................................................................................................. 193 Energy Star Air Conditioner............................................................................................................... 193

HOT WATER END USE............................................................................................................................. 195 Water Conservation............................................................................................................................ 195 Domestic Hot Water System ............................................................................................................... 197 Low Flow Showerhead ....................................................................................................................... 198 Low Flow Faucet Aerator................................................................................................................... 200

WATER CONSERVATION END USE........................................................................................................... 202 Toilet Diverter .................................................................................................................................... 202

EFFICIENT PRODUCTS PROGRAM ................................................................................................. 204

CLOTHES WASHING END USE ................................................................................................................. 204 ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer......................................................................................................... 204

REFRIGERATION END USE ....................................................................................................................... 207 Energy Star Refrigerators .................................................................................................................. 207 ENERGY STAR Freezer ..................................................................................................................... 209

DISHWASHING END USE.......................................................................................................................... 211 Energy Star Dish Washer ................................................................................................................... 211

AIR CONDITIONING END USE .................................................................................................................. 214 Energy Star Room Air Conditioner .................................................................................................... 214

LIGHTING END USE ................................................................................................................................. 217


CFL..................................................................................................................................................... 217 Torchiere ............................................................................................................................................ 221 Dedicated CF Table Lamps................................................................................................................ 225 Dedicated CF Floor Lamp ................................................................................................................. 229 Interior Fluorescent Fixture............................................................................................................... 233 Exterior Fluorescent Fixture .............................................................................................................. 237

CEILING FAN END USE ............................................................................................................................ 240 Ceiling Fan with ENERGY STAR Light Fixture ................................................................................. 240

LOW INCOME SINGLE-FAMILY PROGRAM................................................................................. 243

HOT WATER END USE............................................................................................................................. 243 Tank Wrap .......................................................................................................................................... 243 Pipe Wrap........................................................................................................................................... 245 Tank Temperature Turn-Down........................................................................................................... 247 Low Flow Showerhead ....................................................................................................................... 249 Low Flow Faucet Aerator................................................................................................................... 251

HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ..................................................... 253 Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ............................................................................. 253 Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)............................................................................. 255 Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)........................................................ 258 Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..................................................... 260

WATERBED END USE .............................................................................................................................. 262 Waterbed Insulating Pad.................................................................................................................... 262

LIGHTING END USE ................................................................................................................................. 264 CFL..................................................................................................................................................... 264 Fluorescent Fixture ............................................................................................................................ 266 Torchiere ............................................................................................................................................ 268

REFRIGERATION END USE ....................................................................................................................... 270 Energy Star Refrigerators .................................................................................................................. 270

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM....................................................................... 272


REFRIGERATION END USE ....................................................................................................................... 282 Energy Star Refrigerators .................................................................................................................. 282 Efficient Refrigerators ........................................................................................................................ 284

LIGHTING END USE ................................................................................................................................. 286 Interior Surface Fluorescent Fixture.................................................................................................. 286 Interior Recessed Fluorescent Fixture ............................................................................................... 288 Interior Other Fluorescent Fixture..................................................................................................... 290 Exterior Fluorescent Fixture .............................................................................................................. 292 Exterior HID Fixture .......................................................................................................................... 294 Exterior Motion Sensor ...................................................................................................................... 296 LED Exit Sign ..................................................................................................................................... 298 Interior CFL Direct Install ................................................................................................................. 300 Exterior CFL Direct Install ................................................................................................................ 302 Generic Linear Fluorescent Tube Fixture .......................................................................................... 304

VENTILATION END USE........................................................................................................................... 306 Ventilation Fan................................................................................................................................... 306

SPACE HEATING END USE ....................................................................................................................... 308 Heating Savings.................................................................................................................................. 308 Efficient Furnace Fan Motor.............................................................................................................. 311


SPACE COOLING END USE....................................................................................................................... 315 Central Air Conditioner ..................................................................................................................... 315

WATER HEATING END USE ..................................................................................................................... 317 Fossil Fuel Water Heater ................................................................................................................... 317 Dishwashing End Use......................................................................................................................... 319 Energy Star Dishwasher..................................................................................................................... 319

RESIDENTIAL EMERGING MARKETS PROGRAM...................................................................... 321


HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ..................................................... 331 Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ............................................................................. 331 Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)............................................................................. 333 Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)........................................................ 335 Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..................................................... 337

LIGHTING END USE ................................................................................................................................. 339 CFL..................................................................................................................................................... 339

SPACE COOLING END USE....................................................................................................................... 341 ENERGY STAR Central Air Conditioner ........................................................................................... 341

WATER HEATING END USE ..................................................................................................................... 343 Electric Domestic Hot Water System Fuel Switch.............................................................................. 343

SPACE HEATING END USE ....................................................................................................................... 350 Efficient Furnace Fan Motor.............................................................................................................. 350 Efficient Space Heating System .......................................................................................................... 354


Introduction This reference manual provides methods, formulas and default assumptions for estimating energy and peak impacts from measures and projects promoted by Efficiency Vermont’s energy efficiency programs. The reference manual is organized by program (or program component), end use and measure. Each section provides mathematical equations for determining savings (algorithms), as well as default assumptions for all equation parameters that are not based on site-specific information. In addition, any descriptions of calculation methods or baselines are provided, as appropriate. The parameters for calculating savings are listed in the same order for each measure. In order to maintain a similar appearance for all of the measure assumption pages, large tables are located at the end of the measure assumptions under the Reference Tables category. Algorithms are provided for estimating annual energy and demand impacts. Data assumptions are based on Vermont data, where available. Where Vermont data was not available, data from neighboring regions is used, including New York, New Jersey and New England, where available. In some cases, engineering judgment is used.

Gross-to-Net Savings Calculation The algorithms shown with each measure calculate gross customer electric savings without counting the effects of line losses from the generator to the customer, freeridership, spillover, or persistence. The algorithms also do not distribute the savings among the different costing periods. The formulae for converting gross customer-level savings to net generation-level savings (counting freeridership, spillover and persistence) for the different costing periods is as follows:

netkWhi = ∆kWh × (1+LLFi) × (1-FR+SPL) × PF × RPFi

netkWj = ∆kW × (1+LLFj) × (1-FR+SPL) × PF × CFj Where:

netkWhi = kWh energy savings at generation-level, net of free riders and persistence, and including spillover, for period i i = subscript used to denote variable energy rating periods (Winter Peak, Winter Off-Peak, Summer Peak, Summer Off-Peak). ∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure

LLFi = line loss factor for period i FR = freeridership SPL = spillover for measure PF = persistence factor for measure RPFi = rating period factor for period i netkWj = kW demand savings, net of free riders and persistence, and including spillover, for season j j = subscript used to denote variable seasonal peaks (Summer, Winter and Spring/Fall).

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure LLFj = line loss factor for seasonal peak j CFj = the percent of kW savings that is concurrent with Vermont’s seasonal peak, for season j

All of the parameters except line loss factors (LLF) for the above equations may be found in the specific section for the measure. The line loss factors do not vary by measure, but by costing period, and are in the following table:


The free ridership and spillover factors are related to but slightly different from the freeridership and spillover rates used in the gross-to-net equation. Free ridership and spillover factors are defined as follows:

Free ridership factor = 1 – FR

Spillover factor = 1 + SPL

Interactive Effects The TRM provides specific savings algorithms for many prescriptive measures. When a customer installs a prescriptive measure, the savings are determined according to these algorithms. In some cases these algorithms include the effects of interactions with other measures or end uses (e.g., cooling and heating effects from interior lighting waste heat). For “custom” measures, EVT performs site-specific customized calculations. In this case, EVT takes into account interactions between measures (e.g., individual savings from installation of window film and replacement of a chiller are not additive because the first measure reduces the cooling load met by the second measure). EVT will calculate total savings for the package of custom measures being installed, considering interactive effects, either as a single package or in rank order of measures as described below. If a “custom” project includes both prescriptive and custom measures, the prescriptive measures will be calculated in the normal manner. However, the prescriptive measures will be assumed to be installed prior to determining the impacts for the custom measures. Custom interior lighting measures will use the standard prescriptive algorithm to estimating waste heat impacts. In most cases of multiple custom measures EVT models a single custom package including all measures the customer will install. This modeling effectively accounts for all interactions between measures, and the “package” is tracked in FastTrack as a single “measure.” In instances where modeling is not completed on a package of measures, and where individual measures are separately listed in FastTrack with measure-specific savings EVT will use the following protocol (typically lighting only projects). To determine custom measure savings EVT will calculate measure impacts in descending order of measure life (i.e., starting with the longest lived measure). The procedure is to calculate savings for the longest lived measure first, then consider that measure’s impact on the next longest lived measure, and so on. This is because a short-lived measure can reduce savings from a long-lived measure, but only for part of its life. Since tracking system limitations require that annual measure savings remain constant for all years, this is the only way to ensure proper lifetime savings and total resource benefits are captured. For example, fixing compressed air leaks can reduce savings from installing a new compressor. However, leak repair only lasts 1 year. If the leak repair savings were calculated first the calculated lifetime savings and benefits from the compressor would be unreasonably low because compressor savings would go back up starting in year 2.

Persistence Persistence factors may be used to reduce lifetime measure savings in recognition that initial engineering estimates of annual savings may not persist long term. This might be because a measure is removed or breaks prior to the end of its normal engineering lifetime, because it is not properly maintained over its lifetime, because it is overridden or goes out of calibration (controls only), or some other reason. Each measure algorithm contains an entry for persistence factor. The default value if none is indicated is 1.00

Line Loss Factors

Energy (LLFi) Peak (LLFj)

Winter Peak

Period

Winter Off-Peak

Period

Summer Peak

Period

Summer Off-Peak

Period

Winter Peak

Summer Peak

Spring/Fall Peak

19.88% 14.88% 17.97% 13.51% 14.2% 13.3% 12.8%


(100%). A value lower than 1.00 will result in a downward adjustment of lifetime savings and total resource benefits. For any measure with a persistence value less than 1.00, the normal measure life (“Engineering Measure Life”) will be reduced to arrive at an “Adjusted Measure Life” for purposes of measure screening, savings and TRB claims, and tracking. The “Adjusted Measure Life” used will be equal to the product of the Engineering Measure Life and the persistence factor. Both the Engineering Measure Life and the Adjusted Measure Life will be shown in each measure algorithm. All data in FastTrack and CAT indicating “measure life” shall be equal to “Adjusted Measure Life.”


Glossary The following glossary provides definitions for necessary assumptions needed to calculate measure savings.

Baseline Efficiency (ηbase): The assumed standard efficiency of equipment, absent an Efficiency

Vermont program.

Coincidence Factor (CF): Coincidence factors represent the fraction of connected load expected to be

coincident with a particular system peak period, on a diversified basis. Coincidence factors are provided for summer, winter and spring/fall peak periods.

Connected Load: The maximum wattage of the equipment, under normal operating conditions. Freeridership (FR): The fraction of gross program savings that would have occurred despite the

program.

Full Load Hours (FLH): The equivalent hours that equipment would need to operate at its peak

capacity in order to consume its estimated annual kWh consumption (annual kWh/connected kW).

High Efficiency (ηeffic): The efficiency of the energy-saving equipment installed as a result of an

efficiency program. Lifetimes: The number of years (or hours) that the new high efficiency equipment is expected to

function. These are generally based on engineering lives, but sometimes adjusted based on expectations about frequency of remodeling or demolition.

Line Loss Factor (LLF): The marginal electricity losses from the generator to the customer –

expressed as a percent of meter-level savings. The Energy Line Loss Factors vary by period. The Peak Line Loss Factors reflect losses at the time of system peak, and are shown for three seasons of the year. Line loss factors are the same for all measures. See the Gross-to-Net Calculation section for specific values.

Load Factor (LF): The fraction of full load (wattage) for which the equipment is typically run. Operating Hours (HOURS): The annual hours that equipment is expected to operate.

Persistence (PF): The fraction of gross measure savings obtained over the measure life. Rating Period Factor (RPF): Percentages for defined times of the year that describe when energy

savings will be realized for a specific measure.

Spillover (SPL): Savings attributable to the program, but generated by customers not directly

participating in the program. Expressed as a fraction of gross savings. All values can be changed as new information becomes available.


Loadshapes The following table includes a listing of measure end-uses and associated loadshapes. In some cases, the loadshapes have been developed through negotiations between Efficiency Vermont and the Vermont Department of Public Service. In other cases, these loadshapes are based on engineering judgment.

Loadshape Table of Contents

EndUse # Winter-on kWh

Winter-off

kWh

Summer -on kWh

Summer-off kWh

Winter kW

Summer kW

Fall-Spring kW

Residential Indoor Lighting

1 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% 27.7% 23.2% 12.3% 22.3%

Residential Outdoor Lighting

2 19.8% 13.0% 28.9% 38.3% 11.4% 5.5% 11.2%

Residential Outdoor HID

3 19.8% 13.0% 28.9% 38.3% 29.8% 14.5% 29.4%

Residential Refrigerator

4 22.5% 10.8% 33.7% 33.0% 62.3% 60.0% 56.8%

Residential Space heat

5 45.5% 24.3% 16.7% 13.5% 26.9% 0.0% 9.8%

Residential DHW fuel switch

6 31.6% 6.2% 37.1% 25.1% 45.4% 29.0% 44.1%

Residential DHW insulation

7 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Residential DHW conserve

8 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9%

Residential Clothes Washer

9 34.2% 3.7% 42.0% 20.1% 7.3% 5.4% 6.1%

Residential Ventilation

10 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 32.2% 32.2% 32.2%

Residential A/C

11 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 60.0% 0.0%

Commercial Indoor Lighting

12 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 54.6% 56.2% 54.6%

Commercial Indoor Lighting

12a 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 67.2% 72.0% 61.8%

Commercial Outdoor Lighting

13 19.9% 13.2% 30.3% 36.6% 35.0% 15.2% 35.0%

Commercial Refrigeration

14 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 59.5% 85.8% 63.4%

Commercial A/C

15 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 40.2% 36.0% 15.3%

Commercial A/C

15a 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 0.3% 80.0% 40.2%


Commercial Ventilation motor

16 16.9% 7.6% 37.2% 38.3% 36.5% 47.5% 42.0%

Commercial Space heat

17 44.3% 37.8% 6.9% 11.0% 37.2% 0.3% 19.3%

Industrial Indoor Lighting

18 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 92.2% 94.9% 92.2%

Industrial Outdoor Lighting

19 19.9% 13.3% 30.2% 36.6% 35.0% 15.2% 35.0%

Industrial A/C 20 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 40.2% 36.0% 15.3%

Industrial A/C 20a 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 0.3% 80.0% 40.2%

Industrial Motor

21 29.2% 4.2% 58.3% 8.3% 65.7% 90.0% 65.7%

Industrial Space heat

22 44.3% 37.8% 6.9% 11.0% 37.2% 0.3% 19.3%

Industrial Process

23 29.2% 4.2% 58.3% 8.3% 65.7% 90.0% 65.7%

Dairy Farm Combined End Uses

24 30.2% 6.3% 39.9% 23.6% 42.7% 22.3% 37.0%

Flat (8760 hours)

25 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

HVAC Pump (heating)

26 38.1% 19.0% 20.4% 22.5% 100.0% 0.0% 79.7%

HVAC Pump (cooling)

27 0.0% 0.0% 47.6% 52.4% 0.0% 100.0% 39.9%

HVAC Pump (unknown use)

28 19.0% 9.5% 34.0% 37.5% 50.0% 50.0% 59.8%

Traffic Signal - Red Balls, always changing or flashing

29 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 55.0% 55.0% 55.0%

Traffic Signal - Red Balls, changing day, off night

30 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 55.0% 55.0% 55.0%

Traffic Signal - Green Balls, always changing

31 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 42.0% 42.0% 42.0%

Traffic Signal - Green Balls, changing day, off night

32 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 42.0% 42.0% 42.0%

Traffic Signal - Red Arrows

33 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%

Traffic Signal - Green Arrows

34 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0%

Traffic Signal 35 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0%


- Flashing Yellows

Traffic Signal - “Hand” Don’t Walk Signal

36 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 75.0% 75.0% 75.0%

Traffic Signal - “Man” Walk Signal

37 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 21.0% 21.0% 21.0%

Commercial HP 0-65 kBTUh

38 31.2% 26.6% 20.2% 21.9% 37.5% 33.8% 33.5%


38a 31.2% 26.6% 20.2% 22% 37.5% 74.8% 56.7%


39 29.6% 25.2% 21.9% 23.3% 37.5% 36.3% 34.6%


39a 29.6% 25.2% 21.9% 23.3% 37.5% 80.3% 59.5%

Commercial PTHP

40 29.5% 25.1% 22.0% 23.4% 37.5% 36.3% 34.6%

Commercial PTHP

40a 29.5% 25.1% 22.0% 23.4% 37.5% 80.3% 59.5%

Commercial Water-Source HP

41 23.1% 19.7% 28.5% 28.7% 37.5% 36.3% 34.6%

Commercial Water-Source HP

41a 23.1% 19.7% 28.5% 28.7% 37.5% 80.3% 59.5%

Transformer 42 28.0% 5.0% 42.0% 25.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Vending Miser

43 6.6% 26.5% 9.6% 57.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Compressed Air - 1-shift (8/5)

44 33.2% 0.0% 66.8% 0.0% 39.7% 66.7% 39.7%


45 31.1% 2.1% 62.6% 4.2% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4%


46 22.1% 11.1% 44.5% 22.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4%


47 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Storage ESH (Statewide)

48 15.9% 65.4% 2.5% 16.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Controlled ESH (Statewide)

49 15.9% 65.4% 2.5% 16.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Storage ESH (GMP)

50 42.9% 38.4% 7.0% 11.7% 4.3% 0.3% 0.2%

Controlled ESH (GMP)

51 57.9% 23.4% 9.5% 9.2% 5.2% 0.2% 3.0%


Controlled DHW Fuel Switch

52 31.6% 6.2% 37.1% 25.1% 33.2% 22.9% 30.9%

Controlled DHW Insulation

53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 73.0% 79.0% 70.0%

Controlled DHW Conservation

54 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 56.6% 38.0% 45.4%

VFD Supply fans <10 HP

55 23.5% 6.0% 47.5% 23.0% 100.0% 41.0% 71.0%

VFD Return fans <10 HP

56 23.5% 6.0% 47.5% 23.0% 100.0% 66.0% 83.0%

VFD Exhaust fans <10 HP

57 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 37.0% 69.0%

VFD Boiler feedwater pumps <10 HP

58 44.0% 38.0% 7.0% 11.0% 100.0% 67.0% 83.0%

VFD Chilled water pumps <10 HP

59 0.2% 0.1% 52.0% 48.0% 0.0% 100.0% 50.0%

Economizer 60 16.9% 7.6% 37.2% 38.3% 0.0% 0.0% 56.3%

VFD Milk Vacuum Pump

61 25.4% 7.6% 36.8% 30.2% 33.3% 24.4% 49.0%

Computer Office

62 21.2% 11.9% 29.0% 37.9% 25.4% 23.5% 26.3%

Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus

63 24.9% 4.8% 43.1% 27.2% 48.0% 72.0% 44.1%

Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus

64 24.9% 4.8% 43.1% 27.2% 65.9% 94.9% 65.9%

Continuous C&I Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus

65 19.7% 9.9% 34.1% 36.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4%

Refrigeration Economizer

66 53.0% 28.4% 8.0% 10.6% 100.0% 0.0% 30.0%

Strip Curtain 67 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Evaporator Fan Control

68 26.7% 14.0% 24.1% 35.2% 60.6% 37.7% 49.1%

Door Heater Control

69 35.7% 17.9% 22.1% 24.3% 100.0% 0.0% 88.9%

Floating Head Pressure Control

70 23.7% 12.0% 29.9% 34.4% 100.0% 0.0% 53.7%

Furnace Fan Heating and Cooling

71

36.7%

19.7%

23.1%

20.5%

25.6%

75.8%

9.3%


Notes: See Excel spreadsheet <Lighting loadshape with cooling bonus-102103.xls> for derivation of loadshapes 63, 64, and 65. Heavier weighting is given to the summer periods and less to the other periods to account for the cooling bonus that is included in the kWh and kW savings. All loadshape numbers referenced in the measure characterizations correspond to the most recent generation of the loadshape as detailed in the loadshape table of contents. The coincident peak factors in the standard load profiles above are based on the listed assumptions for full load hours. To account for the effect on peak savings from a change in full load hours, use of full load hours different than the standard will result in an automatic adjustment of the coincident peak factors (% of connected load kW) used in screening and reported in the database, unless custom coincident peak factors are also entered. The coincidence factors are multiplied by the ratio of [custom full load hours]/[standard full load hours], with a maximum value of 100% for each factor. As a result, coincidence factors for particular measures may be higher or lower than the standard factors listed above even when a standard load profile is used.


Commercial Energy Opportunities

Motors End Use

Efficient Motors Measure Number: I-A-1-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 29 Effective date: 1/1/04 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: none. Description Three phase ODP & TEFC motors less than or equal to 200 HP meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency. The baseline efficiency is that defined by EPACT and the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Estimated Measure Impacts

Average Annual MWH Savings per unit

Average number of measures per year

Average Annual MWH savings per year

1.54 195 300.3

Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) × HOURS Demand Savings

∆kW = kWbase – kWeffic

kWl = HP × 0.746 × (1/ηl) × LF Where:

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure

kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure HP = horsepower of motor (HP) 0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)

ηl = efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline) LF = load factor of motor (default = 0.75)

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects the minimum efficiency allowed under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) that went into effect October 1997, which is the same as the Vermont 2001 Guidelines for Act 250. While EPACT generally reflects the floor of efficiencies available, most manufacturers produce models just meeting EPACT, and these are the most commonly purchased among customers not choosing high efficiency. Refer to the table of Baseline Motor Efficiencies in the reference table section. High Efficiency


The efficiency of each motor installed more efficient than the baseline efficiency. Typically the minimum efficiency is that defined by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) and promoted in the NEEP MotorUP initiative, and listed in the table of Minimum Efficiencies Qualifying for Incentives in the reference table section. Operating Hours If available, customer provided annual operating hours. If annual operating hours are not available, then refer to the table of Annual Motor Operating Hours in the reference table section for HVAC fan or pump motors by building type. For all other motors, use 4500 hours (E Source Technology Atlas Series Volume IV, Drivepower, p. 32). Loadshapes Loadshape #16, Commercial Ventilation motor Loadshape #21, Industrial Motor Loadshape #26, HVAC Pump (heating) Loadshape #27, HVAC Pump (cooling) Loadshape #28, HVAC Pump (unknown use) Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category Motor

Measure Code

MTRDP001, MTRDP002, MTRDP003, MTRDP005, MTRDP010, MTRDP015, MTRDP01H, MTRDP020, MTRDP025, MTRDP030, MTRDP040, MTRDP050, MTRDP060, MTRDP075, MTRDP07H, MTRDP100, MTRDP125, MTRDP150, MTRDP200, MTRTF001, MTRTF002, MTRTF003, MTRTF005, MTRTF010, MTRTF015, MTRTF01H, MTRTF020, MTRTF025, MTRTF030, MTRTF040, MTRTF050, MTRTF060, MTRTF075, MTRTF07H, MTRTF100, MTRTF125, MTRTF150, MTRTF200

Product Description Efficient Motor

Track Name Track No. Freerider Spillover

Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 = 0.95 * 1

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 0.90 0.70

Farm NC 6014FARM n/a n/a

Farm Equip Rpl 6013FARM n/a n/a

Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC 1 1

Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 0.90 0.70

C&I Retro 6012CNIR 0.90 0.70

MF Mkt Retro 6012MFMR n/a n/a

Efficient Products 6032EPEP n/a n/a

LISF Retrofit 6034LISF n/a n/a

LIMF Retrofit 6017RETR n/a n/a

LIMF NC 6018LINC n/a n/a

LIMF Rehab 6018LIRH n/a n/a

RES Retrofit 6036RETR n/a n/a

RNC VESH 6038VESH n/a n/a

MF Mkt NC 6019MFNC n/a n/a

* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.


Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years for a premium-efficiency motor (Based on BPA measure life study II (Skumatz), which looked at life of motors in place in commercial buildings). An existing or baseline motor is expected to last for 15 years. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost See the table of Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives for Efficient Motors in the reference table section for assumed measure cost by horsepower and enclosure type. Incentive Level Though incentives originally were intended to cover 100% of incremental cost, recent NEEP data indicates that the incentive covers significantly less – somewhere between 50% and 100%, depending on size. On average the incentive is estimated at 2/3rd of the incremental cost. See the table of Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives for Efficient Motors in the reference table section for default incentive levels by horsepower and enclosure type. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.


Reference Tables

Annual Motor Operating Hours

(HOURS)

Building Type

HVAC Pump

(heating)

HVAC Pump

(cooling)

HVAC Pump (unknown use)

Ventilation Fan

Office 2,186 2,000 2,000 6,192

Retail 2,000 2,000 2,000 3,261

Manufacturing 3,506 2,000 2,462 5,573

Hospitals 2,820 2,688 2,754 8,374

Elem/Sec Schools 3,602 2,000 2,190 3,699

Restaurant 2,348 2,000 2,000 4,155

Warehouse 3,117 2,000 2,241 6,389

Hotels/Motels 5,775 2,688 4,231 3,719

Grocery 2,349 2,000 2,080 6,389

Health 4,489 2,000 2,559 2,000

College/Univ 5,716 2,000 3,641 3,631

Miscellaneous 2,762 2,000 2,000 3,720

Source: Adapted from Southeastern NY audit data, adjusted for climate variations. Motors must operate a minimum of 2000 hours to qualify.

Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives for Efficient Motors

Open Drip-Proof (ODP) Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)

Size HP

Incremental Cost

Customer Incentive

Incremental Cost Customer Incentive

1 $52 $45 $52 $50

1.5 $60 $45 $60 $50

2 $61 $54 $61 $60

3 $54 $54 $54 $60

5 $63 $54 $63 $60

7.5 $123 $81 $123 $90

10 $116 $90 $116 $100

15 $115 $104 $115 $115

20 $115 $113 $115 $125

25 $201 $117 $201 $130

30 $231 $135 $231 $150

40 $249 $162 $249 $180

50 $273 $198 $273 $220

60 $431 $234 $431 $260

75 $554 $270 $554 $300

100 $658 $360 $658 $400

125 $841 $540 $841 $600

150 $908 $630 $908 $700

200 $964 $630 $964 $700 Sources: 1) MotorUp! Program Evaluation and Market Assessment, Pages 2-8, Prepared for

NEEP Motors Initiative Working Group, Prepared by Xenergy, September 6, 2001 2) 2002 MotorUp! Three-Phase Electric Motor Incentive Application


Baseline Motor Efficiencies – ηηηηbase (EPACT)

2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction

Open Drip Proof (ODP) Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)

# of Poles # of Poles

2 4 6 2 4 6

Speed (RPM) Speed (RPM)

Size HP 1200 1800 3600 1200 1800 3600

1 80.0% 82.5% 75.5% 80.0% 82.5% 75.5%

1.5 84.0% 84.0% 82.5% 85.5% 84.0% 82.5%

2 85.5% 84.0% 84.0% 86.5% 84.0% 84.0%

3 86.5% 86.5% 84.0% 87.5% 87.5% 85.5%

5 87.5% 87.5% 85.5% 87.5% 87.5% 87.5%

7.5 88.5% 88.5% 87.5% 89.5% 89.5% 88.5%

10 90.2% 89.5% 88.5% 89.5% 89.5% 89.5%

15 90.2% 91.0% 89.5% 90.2% 91.0% 90.2%

20 91.0% 91.0% 90.2% 90.2% 91.0% 90.2%

25 91.7% 91.7% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 91.0%

30 92.4% 92.4% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 91.0%

40 93.0% 93.0% 91.7% 93.0% 93.0% 91.7%

50 93.0% 93.0% 92.4% 93.0% 93.0% 92.4%

60 93.6% 93.6% 93.0% 93.6% 93.6% 93.0%

75 93.6% 94.1% 93.0% 93.6% 94.1% 93.0%

100 94.1% 94.1% 93.0% 94.1% 94.5% 93.6%

125 94.1% 94.5% 93.6% 94.1% 94.5% 94.5%

150 94.5% 95.0% 93.6% 95.0% 95.0% 94.5%

200 94.5% 95.0% 94.5% 95.0% 95.0% 95.0%


Minimum Efficiencies Qualifying for Incentives NEMA Premiumtm

Open Drip Proof (ODP) Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)

# of Poles # of Poles

2 4 6 2 4 6

Speed (RPM) Speed (RPM)

Size HP 1200 1800 3600 1200 1800 3600

1 82.5% 85.5 77.0 82.5% 85.5% 77.0%

1.5 86.5% 86.5% 84.0% 87.5% 86.5% 84.0%

2 87.5% 86.5% 85.5% 88.5% 86.5% 85.5%

3 88.5% 89.5% 88.5% 89.5% 89.5% 86.5%

5 89.5% 89.5% 86.5% 89.5% 89.8% 88.5%

7.5 90.2% 91.0% 88.5% 91.0% 91.7% 89.5%

10 91.7% 91.7% 89.5% 91.0% 91.7% 90.2%

15 91.7% 93.0% 90.2% 91.7% 92.4% 91.0%

20 92.4% 93.0% 91.0% 91.7% 93.0% 91.0%

25 93.0% 93.6% 91.7% 93.0% 93.6% 91.7%

30 93.6% 94.1% 91.7% 93.0% 93.6% 91.7%

40 94.1% 94.1% 92.4% 94.1% 94.1% 92.4%

50 94.1% 94.5% 93.0% 94.1% 94.5% 93.0%

60 94.5% 95.0% 93.6% 94.5% 95.0% 93.6%

75 94.5% 95.0% 93.6% 95.5% 95.4% 93.6%

100 95.0% 95.4% 93.6% 95.0% 95.4% 94.1%

125 95.0% 95.4% 94.1% 95.0% 95.4% 95.0%

150 95.4% 95.8% 94.1% 95.8% 95.8% 95.0%

200 95.4% 95.8% 95.0% 95.8% 96.2% 95.4%


Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) Measure Number: I-A-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/29/00 Effective date: 12/01/01 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description All VFDs are treated as custom measures. Below are two sets of equations. The first are standardized savings algorithms and assumptions for all VFDs applied to motors of 10 HP or less for the following HVAC applications: supply fans, return fans, exhaust fans, chilled water pumps, and boiler feedwater pumps (“Standardized Approach”). The savings for all VFDs applied to motors greater than 10 HP, or for other applications, will be calculated on a site-specific basis, following the generalized engineering equation provided below and standard engineering practice (“Customized Approach”). Metered data will be used when available. Estimated Measure Impacts

Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit


Gross MWH savings per year

5.51 Standard approach projects 10 Standard approach projects 55 Standard approach projects

45 Customized approach projects



Algorithms For VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps. Energy Savings

∆kWh = ESVG × HP × CXS Demand Savings

∆kW = DSVG × HP × CXS Where:


∆kW = gross customer kW savings for the measure at either the summer or winter peak (whichever is greater)

HP = horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer application) ESVG = energy savings factor, see Table below (kWh/HP) DSVG = demand savings factor, see Table below (kW/HP) CXS = commissioning factor for standard approach applications. CXS = 1.10 when the project

undergoes commissioning services, 1.0 otherwise. Generalized equation for custom engineering analyses for VFDs applied to motors >10 HP or any VFDs not applied to HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps. When available, metered data will be used to calculate savings.

1 Based on typical 5 HP motor, average of supply, return and exhaust fan savings.


Energy Savings

∆kWh = 0.746 × HP/η × ∑ [HOURSj × (1- LOADjx) × CXC

Demand Savings

∆kWs = 0.746 × HP/η × (1- PEAKLOADsx) × CXC

Where:


∆kWs = gross customer kW savings for the measure at the peak period for season s, were s is either summer, winter or fall/spring.

HP = horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer application)

0.746 = conversion from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)

η = existing motor efficiency, use customer specific value if known, otherwise use default value from reference table below

HOURSj = number of hours per year the motor operates at a given motor loading j (Hrs.) LOADj = percentage motor loading j X = exponent applied to calculate percentage savings at given motor loading j. For

fan motors X = 2.5, for pump motors X = 2.2 (Sources: ACEEE, DPS and SAIC)

PEAKLOADs = percentage motor loading at the peak period for season s, where s is either summer, winter or fall/spring.

CXC = commissioning factor for custom approach applications. CXS = 1. 0 when the project undergoes commissioning services, 0.90 otherwise.

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects no VFD installed. Savings are based on application of VFDs to a range of baseline conditions including no control, inlet guide vanes, outlet guide vanes, and throttling valves. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD. Operating Hours N/A for VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps. Site-specific otherwise. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors


Freeridership2 CEO: 5% existing buildings and non-Act 250 new construction; 0% Act 250 CIEM: 10%. Spillover N/A Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one.3 Lifetimes 15 years for non-process VFDs. 10 years for process. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Incremental costs are variable. Each measure will be treated as a custom measure and screened based on actual costs. Incentive Level Incentive levels are customized for each project, taking into account other measures installed, the measure and total project payback, level of comprehensiveness, and customer investment criteria. On average incentives are expected to range from 25% to 50% of installed cost.

2 CEO non-Act 250 freeridership based on standard value for custom measures. Act 250 freeridership is 0% because Act 250 custom measure baselines are site-specific (e.g., EVT only claims savings when no VFD is planned). CIEM freeridership based on standard value for custom measures. 3 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.

% of annual kWh (RPF)

Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF)

Motor Application

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak

Winter Summer Fall/Spring

Supply fans <10 HP

23.5% 6% 47.5% 23% 100%1 41% 71%

Return fans <10 HP

23.5% 6% 47.5% 23% 100%1 66% 83%

Exhaust fans <10 HP

22% 11% 32% 35% 100%1 37% 69%

Boiler feedwater pumps <10 HP

44% 38% 7% 11%

100% 67%

83%

Chilled water pumps <10 HP

0.3% 0.1% 52% 48% 0.0% 100.0%1 50%

All other applications

Site specific

Source: RPF based on custom analyses of past EVT projects. CF summer and winter from National Grid evaluations of VFD installations from 1995 to 1999. 1. Gross kW/hp values in reference table below are coincident values for the winter peak for all applications except chilled water pumps, which uses a coincident value for the summer peak. Therefore, CFs for these periods are 100% because coincidence is already taken into account in the values. For other seasons, the CFs represent the percentage of the gross coincident winter or summer kW/hp. Fall/Spring values are mean of summer and winter values. Winter chilled water pumps set to 0% based on assumption that most chillers are not operating in Vermont during the winter period.


O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables

VFD Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG and DSVG)

Application ESVG (kWh/HP) DSVG (kW/HP)1

Supply Fans 1,001 0.173

Return Fans 1,524 0.263

Exhaust Fans 755 0.12

Chilled Water Pumps 1,746 0.188

Boiler Feedwater Pumps 745 0.098

Source: National Grid 2001 values averaged from previous evaluations of VFD installations. Values are those used for existing construction, except for chilled water pumps which is used for new construction. National Grid existing construction baseline is similar to Vermont baseline for new and existing applications. 1. The DSVG factors represent coincident savings for the winter peak, except for the chilled water pumps value which represents coincident savings for the summer peak.


Typical Existing Motor Efficiencies (ηηηη)

HP Stock Effic. (1999)

1 76.3%

1.5 77.4%

2 78.5%

3 80.6%

5 83.2%

7.5 85.3%

8 85.5%

9 85.9%

10 86.3%

11 86.5%

12 86.7%

13 86.8%

14 87.0%

15 87.2%

16 87.4%

17 87.6%

18 87.7%

19 87.9%

20 88.1%

25 88.9%

30 89.4%

40 89.7%

50 89.9%

60 90.4%

75 90.9%

100 90.9%

125 91.3%

150 91.7%

200 92.5%

Source: For motors greater than 40 HP, efficiency one point less – due to rewind damage – than a standard motor in 1990 (Table A-1 and Table A-2, pp. 264-265, Appendix A, Energy Efficient Motor Systems, ACEEE)


Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental Remediation Projects Measure Number: I-A-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motor End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 10/25/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Performance curves for PD Blower and Regenerative Blower. Description This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on environmental remediation motors used for cleaning up petroleum at contaminated sites. Motors are typically required to operate at near full load during the first half of the project life, but then may be reduced to partial loading as the pollution level is reduced. Participating VFDs will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well. Estimated Measure Impacts

Application Type Average Annual MWH Savings per unit



Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge4

7.34 5 37

Dual Phase5 32.9 5 164


∆kWh = ESVG × HP Demand Savings

∆kW = DSVG × HP Where:

∆kWh = gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure

∆kW = gross customer average kW savings for the measure HP = horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer

application) ESVG = energy savings per horsepower from reference table (kWh/HP) DSVG = demand savings per horsepower From reference table. (kW/HP)

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects no VFD installed. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD.

4 Savings based on typical 3 HP motor application. 5 Savings based on typical 15 HP motor application.


Operating Hours The motor operates continuously, but with a VFD is expected on average to operate at 100% loading for the first 2 years and at 50% loading for the following 2 years, for each remediation project. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors

Freeridership6 2%. Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one.7 Lifetimes 12 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but VFDs will likely be reused for multiple projects. Expected engineering life of 15 years reduced for expected downtime between projects. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “VFD Average Incremental Costs,” based on data from National Grid 1999 and 2000 VFD program participants. Incentive Level Incentives are shown in reference table “VFD Incentive Levels.” O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables

Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG & DSVG)

Application Type ESVG

(kWh/HP) DSVG

(kW/HP) Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge8 2,445 0.28

Dual Phase9 2,192 0.25

6 Freeridership based on standard value for custom motor measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. 7 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied. 8 Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge projects use regenerative blowers that have the characteristics of fans. Savings calculated using a 2.5 exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for fan applications. These projects typically use 2-5 HP motors. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 82.5, reflecting the baseline value of a 3 HP motor.



Motor Application

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Remediation 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Load profile for continuous operation.


Average Incremental Costs

HP Incremental Cost

2 $ 1,733

3 $ 1,733

5 $ 2,000

7.5 $ 4,564

10 $ 7,227

15 $ 4,989

20 $ 7,671

30 $ 3,600

Incentive Levels

HP Incentives

2 $ 600

3 $ 600

5 $ 600

7.5 $ 1,000

10 $ 1,500

15 $ 1,500

20 $ 2,000

30 $ 2,000

9 Dual Phase projects use vacuum pumps that have the characteristics of pumps. Savings calculated using a 2.2 exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for pump applications. These savings have also been confirmed with metered data and vacuum pump performance curves. These projects typically use 10-30 HP motors, with most 10-20 HP. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 87.5, reflecting the baseline value of a 15 HP motor.


Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors Measure Number: I-A-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 10/25/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: MotorMaster+ 3.0 software and database Description High efficiency explosion proof motors used in the environmental remediation of sites contaminated with petroleum. Participating motors will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well. Estimated Measure Impacts




1.23210 10 12.3


∆kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) × HOURS Demand Savings

∆kW = kWbase – kWeffic

kWl = HP × 0.746 × (1/ηl) × LF Where:


kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year, 8760 ∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure HP = horsepower of motor (HP) 0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)

ηl = efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline) LF = load factor of motor (default = 0.75)

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects estimated typical efficiencies of explosion proof motors installed absent the program. Explosion proof motors are not addressed by federal (EPACT ) or state standards. Baseline efficiencies are based on a review of available motor models from MotorMaster software, and generally selected to represent motors about 33 to 50% percentile in terms of the efficiency range. Refer to the Baseline Motor Efficiencies table.

10 Assumes average sized motor is 7.5 HP, just meeting the minimum efficiency criteria of 89.5% efficiency.


High Efficiency The efficiency of each motor installed in the program will be obtained from the customer. Minimum efficiencies are shown in the Reference Tables section in the table titled Minimum Motor Efficiencies for Incentives. Operating Hours Continuous operation during years of remediation – 8760 hours per year. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors

Freeridership 2%11 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but motors will likely be reused for multiple projects. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor. Typical high efficiency motor engineering life is 20 years under normal operation. Because of the continuous operation, and the likelihood of downtime between projects, EVT assumes only 10 years of actual operation. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor,” based on regression analysis of adjusted manufacturers’ list price data from MotorMaster+. Typical retail cost assumed to be 65% of manufacturers’ list price, based on findings from 2001 NEEP motor market assessment study. Incentive Level Incentives are shown in reference table “Motor Incentives.” O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.

11 Freeridership for custom motor measures agreed to between DPS and EVT.



Motor Application

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Remediation 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Load profile for continuous operation.


Reference Tables

Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor

Size HP Explosion Proof Motors

Speed (RPM)

1200 1800 3600

2 $ 325 $ 98 $ 80 3 $ 336 $ 172 $ 147 5 $ 348 $ 245 $ 213

7.5 $ 359 $ 319 $ 280 10 $ 371 $ 393 $ 346 15 $ 382 $ 466 $ 413 20 $ 393 $ 540 $ 480 25 $ 405 $ 613 $ 546

30 $ 416 $ 687 $ 613

Baseline Motor Efficiencies – ηηηηbase


Speed (RPM)

1200 1800 3600

2 80.0% 82.5% 80.0%

3 81.5% 82.5% 82.5%

5 84.0% 85.5% 84.0%

7.5 86.5% 86.5% 85.0%

10 87.5% 87.5% 86.5%

15 88.5% 87.5% 87.5%

20 89.5% 89.5% 88.5%

25 90.2% 91.0% 91.0%

30 91.0% 91.0% 91.0%

Minimum Motor Efficiencies for Incentives


Speed (RPM)

1200 1800 3600

2 86.5% 85.5% 84.0%

3 87.5% 87.5% 86.5%

5 88.5% 88.5% 87.5%

7.5 90.2% 89.5% 88.5%

10 91.0% 91.0% 89.5%

15 91.7% 92.4% 91.0%

20 91.7% 92.4% 91.7%

25 92.4% 93.6% 92.4%

30 92.4% 93.6% 93.0%


Motor Incentives


Speed (RPM)

1200 1800 3600

2 $ 160 $ 50 $ 40 3 $ 160 $ 85 $ 70 5 $ 175 $ 120 $ 105

7.5 $ 175 $ 155 $ 140 10 $ 175 $ 190 $ 175 15 $ 200 $ 225 $ 205 20 $ 200 $ 260 $ 240 25 $ 200 $ 295 $ 270

30 $ 200 $ 330 $ 300


Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms Measure Number: I-A-5-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 17 Effective date: Milk transfer VFD already effective and savings unchanged; Milk vacuum VFD 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls Description This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on milk transfer and milking parlor pump motors. Participating VFDs will typically be for retrofit projects, although equipment replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well. Estimated Measure Impacts




Milk Transfer VFD 8.0 7 56

Milk Vacuum VFD 7.3 22 160.6

Algorithms Milk Transfer VFD Demand Savings

∆kW = 2.99 Energy Savings

∆kWh = 8,024 Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure

2.9912 = ∆kW


802413 = ∆kWh

Milk Vacuum (VFD) Demand Savings

∆kW = kWbase – kWeff Energy Savings

∆kWh = ∆kW × HOURS Where:

∆kW = gross customer kW savings for the measure

12 Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per measure. 13 Ibid


kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW calculated as HP x 0.746 x 1/motor eff. x LF(see note 1 below) kWeff = For tie or stanchion barn milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.60 x kWbase For parlor milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.45 x kWbase (see note 2) ∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure

HOURS = duration of milking time exclusive of wash. Notes: 1) LF (load factor) varies depending on vacuum pump type. Based on metering conducted by Agricultural Energy Consultants load factor is 0.88 for rotary vane pumps and 0.92 for blower pumps. 2) Savings multiplier for kWeff calculation is based on post installation metering and observation conducted by Agricultural Energy Consultants. Note that the savings multipliers reflect typical kW percentage reductions and may be adjusted on a case-by-case basis.

Baseline Efficiencies – Retrofit or Replacement The baseline reflects no VFD installed. A VFD is considered baseline for new construction. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD. Operating Hours N/A for milk transfer VFD. Operating hours are collected on a site-specific basis for the milk vacuum VFD algorithm. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors

Sources: Milk Transfer Pump load profile is the same as the “Dairy Farm Combined End Uses” from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape #24).

Milk Vacuum Pump load profile is an aggregate for 30 VFDs installed during year one of the EVT dairy farm program. Custom load shapes were developed for each installation based on actual run time.

Freeridership14 0% for retrofit and replacement. Spillover15 0% retrofit and replacement. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one.16

14 Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. 15 Spillover rate from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. 16 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.

% of annual kWh Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF)

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Milk Transfer Pump (#24) 30.2% 6.3% 39.9% 23.6% 42.7% 22.3% 37.0%

Milk Vacuum Pump (#61) 25.4% 7.6% 36.8% 30.2% 33.3% 24.4% 49.0%


Lifetimes 10 years. Measure Cost Milk transfer pump VFD: $223017 Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $2500 Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $4943 Incentive Level Milk transfer pump VFD: $1250 Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $1250 Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $2500 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None

17 Occasionally there is a need for additional water storage that may add to the total cost of the milk transfer pump VFD.


HVAC End Use

Electric HVAC Measure Number: I-B-1-g (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, HVAC End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 29 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: None. Description For existing buildings or non-Act 250 new construction, electric HVAC equipment exceeding baseline efficiencies or minimums set by the Cool Choice initiative. For New Construction subject to Act 250 review, electric HVAC equipment exceeding the minimum efficiencies in 2001Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction, including controls and distribution systems. Estimated Measure Impacts




3.16 191 603.6

Algorithms The savings for small split system and single package air conditioners and heat pumps (<65,000 BTUh), excluding room air conditioners PTACs, PTHPs, water source heat pumps and ground source heat pumps, should be calculated using SEER and HSPF efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings

∆kWhc = kBTU/hr × [(1/SEERbase - 1/SEERee)] × FLHs

∆kWhh = kBTU/hr × [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)] × FLHw

∆kWc = kBTU/hr × [(1.1/SEERbase - 1.1/SEERee)]

∆kWh = kBTU/hr × [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)] Where:

∆kWhc = gross customer annual kWh cooling savings for the measure

∆kWhh = gross customer annual kWh heating savings for the measure

kBTU/hr = the nominal rating of the capacity of the A/C or heat pump in kBTU/hr. 1 Ton = 12 kBTU/hr. SEERbase = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the baseline cooling equipment (BTU/Wh) SEERee = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient cooling equipment (BTU/Wh) FLHs = cooling full load hours per year HSPFbase = heating seasonal performance factor of the baseline heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh) HSPFee = heating seasonal performance factor of the energy efficient heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh) FLHw = heat pump heating full load hours per year


∆kWc = gross customer connected load kW savings from cooling for the measure

∆kWh = gross customer connected load kW savings from heating for the measure

The savings for larger air conditioners and heat pumps (≥65,000 BTUh) and all PTAC’s, PTHP’s, room air conditioners and water-source and ground-source heat pumps should be calculated using cooling EER efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings

∆kWhc = kBTU/hrcool × [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)] × FLHs

∆kWhh = kBTU/hrheat × [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)] × FLHw Demand Savings

∆kWc = kBTU/hrcool × [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]

∆kWh = kBTU/hrheat × [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)] Where:

EERbase = energy efficiency ratio of the baseline equipment (BTUh/W) EERee = energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient equipment (BTUh/W)

If efficiencies are stated in kW/ton or COP use the following conversions:

EER = 12 / (kW/ton), EER = 3.413 × COP The rating conditions for the baseline and efficient equipment efficiencies must be equivalent. The chillers should be calculated using cooling kW/ton efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings

∆kWhc = tons × [(IPLVbase - IPLVee)] × FLHs Demand Savings

∆kWc = tons × [(PEbase - PEee)] Where:

IPLVbase = Integrated part load value efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton) IPLVee = Integrated part load value efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton) PEbase = Peak efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton) PEee = Peak efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton)

Savings for HVAC controls and distribution systems are calculated on a custom basis with baseline technologies established in the Electric HVAC Baseline table. If EVT convinces a customer to switch technologies, savings would be calculated based on going from a baseline efficiency of the technology the customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was intending to install an air-cooled heat pump and EVT convinced them to install a water source heat pump instead, savings would be based on going from a baseline air cooled heat pump to the actual water source unit installed. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the HVAC Baseline tables in the reference tables section at the end of this characterization. The 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the baseline efficiencies for projects subject to Act 250 review. High Efficiency Measure efficiencies should be obtained from customer data. If the efficiencies are missing, but the manufacturer and model # are available, then refer to the ARI directories. If HSPF is not available, then


estimate as 0.65 × SEER. The minimum qualifying efficiencies for unitary equipment included in the Cool Choice initiative are shown in a table in the reference tables section. Operating Hours Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours18, 2200 heating full load hours for heat pumps less than 65,000 BTUh and using HSPF, 1600 heating full load hours for heat pumps greater than or equal to 65,000 BTUh and using EER (electric resistance heating may be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when calculated savings are based on EER). PTAC: 830 cooling full load hours, 1640 heat pump heating full load hours (electric resistance heating would be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when based on EER) Water Source Heat Pumps: 2088 cooling full load hours, 2248 heat pump heating full load hours Room AC: 800 cooling full load hours, 1600 heat pump heating full load hours Chillers: Site-specific based on engineering estimates. Loadshapes Loadshape #15a, Commercial A/C Loadshape #20a, Industrial A/C Loadshape #17, Commercial Space heat Loadshape #22, Industrial Space heat Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category HVAC HVAC

Measure Codes

ACEACUNI, ACEHPAIR, ACEHPWAT, ACECHILL, ACEACPTL, ACEHPPTL,

ACEHPUMP

ACECA206, ACECA213, ACECA237, ACECP206, ACECP237, ACECW237

Product Description Efficient HVAC equipment

Cool Choice Tier 2 Air Conditioning and Heat Pump

equipment

Track Name Track No. Freerider Spillover Freerider Spillover

Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 0.95 1 0.95 1.05

Farm NC 6014FARM n/a n/a n/a n/a

Farm Equip Rpl 6013FARM n/a n/a n/a n/a

Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC 1 1 1 1

Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 1 1 0.95 1.05

C&I Retro 6012CNIR 0.90 1 0.90 1.05

MF Mkt Retro 6012MFMR n/a n/a n/a n/a

Efficient Products 6032EPEP n/a n/a n/a n/a

LISF Retrofit 6034LISF n/a n/a n/a n/a

LIMF Retrofit 6017RETR n/a n/a n/a n/a

LIMF NC 6018LINC n/a n/a n/a n/a

LIMF Rehab 6018LIRH n/a n/a n/a n/a

18 See work paper files (Bid Data Cooling Load summary.xls) and (Booth HVAC.xls) for documentation of the cooling load operating hours.


RES Retrofit 6036RETR n/a n/a n/a n/a

RNC VESH 6038VESH n/a n/a n/a n/a

MF Mkt NC 6019MFNC n/a n/a n/a n/a

* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Unitary – 15 years. Chillers – 25 years Room Air Conditioner – 10 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost See the table named “Incremental Cost for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC” in the reference tables section for equipment included in the Cool Choice initiative. Incremental costs for other HVAC equipment are determined on a site-specific basis. Incentive Level See the table named “Incentives for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC” in the reference tables section for equipment included in the Cool Choice initiative. Incentives for other HVAC equipment are determined on a site-specific basis. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Reference Tables located on following pages


Type Size

Non-Act

250

Baseline

SEER /

EER

Non-Act

250

Baseline

IPLV

Non-Act

250

Baseline

C.O.P. /

HSPF

Act 250

Baseline

SEER /

EER

Act 250

Baseline

IPLV

Act 250

Baseline

C.O.P.

Cool

Choice

Minimum

SEER /

EER Notes

Air Cooled - Split System < 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons) 10.5 - - 10.0 - - 13.0 1, 3, 4

Air Cooled - Single Package < 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons) 10.0 - - 9.7 - - 13.0 1, 3, 4

Air Cooled => 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons) 8.9 - - 10.3 - - 11.0 1, 3

Air Cooled => 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons) 8.6 - - 9.7 - - 10.8 1, 3

Air Cooled => 240 and < 375 kBTU/h (20 to 31.25 tons) 8.6 - - 9.5 9.7 - 10.0 1, 2, 3

Air Cooled => 375 and < 760 kBTU/h (31.25 to 63.33 tons) 8.6 - - 9.5 9.7 - - 1, 2, 3

Air Cooled => 760 kBTU/h (63.33 tons) 8.2 7.5 - 9.2 9.4 - - 1, 2, 3

Evaporatively Cooled < 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons) 9.3 8.5 - 12.1 - - - 1, 3

Evaporatively Cooled => 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons) 10.5 9.7 - 11.5 - - - 1, 3

Evaporatively Cooled => 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons) 9.6 9.0 - 11.0 - - - 1, 3

Evaporatively Cooled => 240 kBTU/h (20 tons) 9.6 9.0 - 11.0 10.3 - - 1, 2, 3

Water Cooled < 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons) 9.3 8.3 - 12.1 - - 14.0 1, 3

Water Cooled => 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons) 10.5 - - 11.5 - - 14.0 1, 3

Water Cooled => 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons) 9.6 9.0 - 11.0 - - 14.0 1, 3

Water Cooled => 240 kBTU/h (20 tons) 9.6 9.0 - 11.0 10.3 - 14.0 1, 3

Cond. Units - Air Cooled => 135 kBTU/h (11.25 tons) 9.9 11.0 - 10.1 11.2 - - 2

Cond. Units - Water or Evap. Cooled=> 135 kBTU/h (11.25 tons) 12.9 12.9 - 13.1 13.1 - - 2

Notes

1. SEER/EER Ratings are efficiency at Peak Load. IPLV Ratings are efficiency at Part Load.

2. IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.

3. Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat.

4. Single Phase air-cooled ac < 65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER and HSPF Values. All other units use EER Rating.

Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units


Type Size

Non-Act

250

Baseline

SEER /

EER

Non-Act

250

Baseline

IPLV

Non-Act

250

Baseline

C.O.P. /

HSPF

Act 250

Baseline

SEER /

EER

Act 250

Baseline

IPLV

Act 250

Baseline

C.O.P. /

HSPF

Cool

Choice

Minimum

SEER /

EER Notes

Air Cooled - Split System < 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons) 10.5 - 7.1 10.0 - 6.8 13.0 1, 4, 10

Air Cooled - Single Package < 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons) 10.0 - 6.8 9.7 - 6.6 13.0 1, 4, 10

Air Cooled => 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons) 8.9 - - 10.1 - 3.2 11.0 3, 10

Air Cooled => 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons) 8.6 - - 9.3 - 3.1 10.8 3, 10

Air Cooled => 240 and < 375 kBTU/h (20 to 31.25 tons) 8.6 - - 9.0 9.2 3.1 10.0 1, 2, 3, 10

Air Cooled => 375 and < 760 kBTU/h (31.25 to 63.33 tons) 8.5 7.5 2.9 9.0 9.2 3.1 - 1, 2, 3, 10

Air Cooled => 760 kBTU/h (63.33 tons) 8.2 7.5 2.9 9.0 9.2 3.1 - 1, 2, 3, 10

Water Source < 17 kBTU/h (1.42 tons) 9.3 8.5 - 11.2 - 4.2 14.0 3, 5, 7, 9

Water Source => 17 and < 65 kBTU/h (1.42 to 5.42 tons) 11.5 8.5 - 12.0 - 4.2 14.0 3, 5, 7, 9

Water Source => 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons) 11.5 9.7 - 12.0 - 4.2 14.0 3, 5, 7, 9

Water Source => 135 and < 375 kBTU/h (11.25 to 31.25 tons) 11.5 - - 12.0 - 4.2 14.0

Water Source => 375 kBTU/h (20 tons) 11.5 - - 12.0 - 4.2 -

Ground-Water Source < 135 kBTU/h (11.25 tons) 11.5 - 3.0 16.2 - 3.6 - 6, 8, 9

Notes

1. SEER/EER Ratings are efficiency at Peak Load. IPLV Ratings are efficiency at Part Load.

2. IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.


4. Single Phase air-cooled heat pumps < 65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER and HPSF rating. All other size units use EER and C.O.P. rating.

5. 86 degree F entering water temperature in cooling mode.

6. 59 degree F entering water temperature in cooling mode.

7. 68 degree F entering water temperature in heating mode.

8. 50 degree F entering water temperature in heating mode.

9. Use SEER/EER values for cooling mode. Use C.O.P. values for heating mode.

10 Air-Source heat pumps are rated at 47 degree F dry-bulb, and 43 degree F wet-bulb.

Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps (Heating and Cooling)


Type Size

Non-Act

250

Baseline

SEER /

EER

Non-Act

250

Baseline

IPLV

Non-Act

250

Baseline

C.O.P.

(Peak

Load)

Act 250

Baseline

SEER /

EER

Act 250

Baseline

IPLV

Act 250

Baseline

C.O.P.

(Peak

Load)

Cool

Choice

Minimum

SEER /

EER Notes

Air-Cooled Chiller, with Condenser < 150 Tons- 2.7 2.7 - 2.8 2.8 - 1

Air-Cooled Chiller, with Condenser => 150 tons- 2.5 2.5 - 2.8 2.8 - 1

Air-Cooled Chiller, without

Condenser All Capacities- 3.1 3.1 - 3.1 3.1 - 1

Water Cooled Positive

Displacement (Reciprocating) All Capacities- 3.9 3.8 - 4.7 4.2 - 1


Displacement (Rotary Screw and

Scroll) < 150 Tons- 3.9 3.8 - 4.5 4.5 - 1



Scroll) => 150 and < 300 Tons- 4.5 4.2 - 5.0 4.9 - 1



Scroll) => 300 Tons- 5.3 5.2 - 5.6 5.5 - 1

Water Cooled (Centrifugal) < 150 Tons- 3.9 3.8 - 5.0 5.0 - 1

Water Cooled (Centrifugal) => 150 and < 300 Tons- 4.5 4.2 - 5.6 5.6 - 1

Water Cooled (Centrifugal) => 300 Tons- 5.3 5.2 - 6.1 6.1 - 1

Notes

1. C.O.P. rating of chillers taken at peak load. IPLV rating taken at part load.

Water Chilling Packages


Type Size

Non-Act

250

Baseline

EER

Non-Act

250

Baseline

IPLV

Non-Act

250

Baseline

C.O.P. /

HSPF

Act 250

Baseline

SEER /

EER

Act 250

Baseline

IPLV

Act 250

Baseline

C.O.P. /

HSPF

Cool

Choice

Minimum

SEER /

EER Notes

Room Air Conditioners, with

louvered sides< 6,000 Btu/hr 8.0 - - 8.0 - - - 1


louvered sides=> 6,000 Btu/hr and < 8,000 Btu/hr 8.5 - - 8.5 - - - 1






louvered sides=> 20,000 Btu/hr 8.2 - - 8.2 - - - 1

Room Air Conditioners, without

louvered sides< 6,000 Btu/hr 8.0 - - 8.0 - - - 1




louvered sides=> 20,000 Btu/hr 8.2 - - 8.2 - - - 1

Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps,

with louvered sidesAll Capacities 8.5 - - 8.5 - - - 1

Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps,

without louvered sides.All Capacities 8.0 - - 8.0 - - - 1

Notes


Room AC


Package Terminal Air Condioners and Heat Pumps

Type Non-Act 250 Baseline EER / C.O.P.

Act 250 Baseline EER / C.O.P. (New

Unit)

Non-Act 250 Baseline EER / C.O.P.

(Replacement) Notes

PTAC (Cooling Mode) 10.0 - (0.16 x Cap / 1000) EER 12.5 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER 10.9 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER 1,2,3

PTHP (Cooling Mode) 10.0 - (0.16 x Cap / 1000) EER 12.3 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER 10.8 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER 1,2,3

PTHP (Heating Mode) 2.9 - (0.026 x Cap / 1000) COP 3.2 - (0.026 x Cap / 1000) COP 2.9 - (0.026 x Cap / 1000) COP 1,2,3

Notes

1. 95 degree F dry-bulb outdoor rating condition.


3. Note that the calculation methodology for PTAC/PTHP efficiency is not linear for all capacities. For systems with capacity <= 7 kBtu/h, use

7 kBtu/h for calculations. For systems with capacity >= 14 kBtu/h, use 14 kBtu/h for calculations.


Incentives for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC

Tier 2

BTUh $/ton

<65,000 $92

>=65,000 to <135,000 $73 Unitary AC and Split System >=135,000 to <=375,000 $79

<65,000 $92

>=65,000 to <135,000 $73 Air to Air Heat Pump System >=135,000 to <=375,000 $79

Water Source Heat Pumps <=375,000 $81

Cool Choice Minimum Efficiencies

Equipment Type Size Category Sub-Category or Rating Condition

Tier 2 Minimum Efficiency

<65,000 Btu/h Split System or Single Package

13.0 SEER

>=65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h

Split System and Single Package

11.0 EER

>=135,000 Btu/h to <240,000 Btu/h


10.8 EER

Air Cooled

>=240,000 Btu/h to <=375,000 Btu/h


10.0 EER

Water-Source

<=375,000 Btu/h 85°F Entering water 14.0 EER

Incremental Cost for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC

Tier 2

BTUh $/ton

<65,000 $115

>=65,000 to <135,000 $91 Unitary AC and Split System >=135,000 to <=375,000 $99

<65,000 $115

>=65,000 to <135,000 $91 Air to Air Heat Pump System >=135,000 to <=375,000 $99

Water Source Heat Pumps <=375,000 $101


Dual Enthalpy Economizer Measure Number: I-B-2-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities, HVAC End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 31 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Economizer_013002.xls Description Dual enthalpy economizers regulate the amount of outside air introduced into the ventilation system based on the relative temperature and humidity of the outside and return air. If the enthalpy (latent and sensible heat) of the outside air is less than that of the return air when space cooling is required, then outside air is allowed in to reduce or eliminate the cooling requirement of the air conditioning equipment. This is a prescriptive measure included on the regional Cool Choice application form. Customers are eligible for a Cool Choice incentive only with the purchase of an efficient HVAC unit that also qualifies for an incentive. Custom incentives are available for other cost-effective dual enthalpy economizers for both retrofit and replacement/new construction units. Estimated Measure Impacts




3.4 fixed damper baseline 8 27.3

2.5 dry bulb baseline 3 7.4


∆kWh = SF × Tons × OTF / EER Demand Savings

∆kW = ∆kWh / 4,438 Where:

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure SF = Savings Factor: annual kWh savings per ton of cooling equipment at an EER of 1.0.

Based on simulation modeling for Burlington, VT. For units less than 5.4 tons: SF = 4,576 (assumes fixed damper baseline). For units 5.4 tons or more: SF = 3,318 (assumes dry bulb economizer baseline).

Tons = tonnage of cooling equipment from application form or customer information. OTF = Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 when the project undergoes Operational

Testing or commissioning services, 0.80 otherwise. EER = cooling energy efficiency ratio of the equipment (BTUh/W), from application form or

customer information. (EER may be estimated as SEER/1.1). ∆kW = gross customer diversified connected load kW savings for the measure 4,438 = typical annual hours of economizer operation (Based on appropriate temperature range

bin hours at Burlington, VT)


Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement For units less than 5.4 tons: fixed damper (no economizer). For units 5.4 tons or more: dry bulb economizer. High Efficiency Dual enthalpy economizer. Operating Hours 4,438 typical annual hours of savings from dual enthalpy economizer (Based on appropriate temperature range bin hours at Burlington, VT) Loadshape Loadshape #60, Economizer Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category Air Conditioning

Efficiency

Measure Code ACEMIZER

Product Description HVAC Economizer


Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 0.95 1




Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 0.95 1

C&I Retro 6012CNIR 0.90 1










* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership table. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be 70% as agreed to between DPS and EVT. . Lifetime Engineering Measure Life is 14 years. Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be 0.7 * 14 years = 9.8 years, to adjust for persistence. Analysis period is the same as the Adjusted Measure Life..


Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is: $400 from dry bulb economizer baseline (units 5.4 tons or more), $800 from fixed damper baseline (units less than 5.4 tons)19 Incentive Level $250 per dual enthalpy control prescriptive Cool Choice incentive. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None

19 $800 measure cost based on EVT project experience and conversations with suppliers.


Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing Measure Number: I-A-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/27/00 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Neal, C. Leon, Field Adjusted SEER [SEERFA] Residential Buildings:

Technologies, Design and Performance Analysis, Proceedings of the 1998 American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 1, 1998, ACEEE, pp. 1.203-1.205. Description This algorithm applies to proper HVAC sizing performed by participants in the CEO Comprehensive Track. Estimated Measure Impacts

Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit


Gross MWH savings per year

1.0 6 6


∆kWh = 0.05 × BTUh/EER/1,000 × FLH Demand Savings N/A Where:


BTUh = output capacity of the installed HVAC equipment (BTU/hour) EER = efficiency of the installed HVAC equipment (energy efficiency ratio — BTU

output/watt input) FLH = annual full load hours of the HVAC equipment (hours). See Operating Hours below.

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline assumes average size cooling equipment specified is 25% larger capacity than actual cooling loads. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is proper sizing of cooling equipment based on calculated cooling loads, as required for participation in the CEO Comprehensive Track Operating Hours

Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours. For chillers, FLH will be estimated on a site-specific basis.


Rating Period & Coincidence Factors

Freeridership20 0% Spillover N/A Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Same as the lifetime for the HVAC equipment. 15 years for split systems and package units. 25 years for chillers. Measure Cost There is an incremental savings associated with proper sizing. Savings are site specific, but because “costs” are negative, the measure is always cost-effective and will not be individually screened. Incentive Level Incentive levels for CEO Comprehensive Track participants are based on compliance with all program track requirements. Prescriptive incentives are provided for HVAC and lighting measures. There is no additional incentive provided for proper sizing. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables There are no reference tables for this measure.

20 The baseline of 25% oversizing represents average baseline. Therefore freeridership is 0%.



Motor Application

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Cooling (#15a /#20a)

0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 0.3% 80.0% 40.2%

Source: Vermont State Screening Tool (originally GMP Screening Tool)


Lighting End Use

T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast Measure Number: I-C-1-g (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Description T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts. Includes standard T8 fixtures, high-efficiency fixtures and open non-recessed fixtures with specular reflectors. Standard T8 measure is limited to relamp/reballast of existing T12 fixtures. Algorithms Demand Savings

∆kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000) × WHFd

Energy Savings

∆kWh = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE ) / 1000) × HOURS × WHFe

Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure WattsBASE = Baseline connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables section. WattsEE = Energy efficient connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables

section. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient

lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85 / 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63

have been decreased to offset the increase in the ∆kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. The default for this measure is a cooled space.

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application

form. If operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table ‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.

WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 21

21 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993


and 2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a cooled space.

Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage

∆MMBTUWH = (∆kWh / WHFe) × 0.70 × 0.003413 × 0.39 / 0.75 Where:

∆MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat.

0.003413 = conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont22 0.75 = average heating system efficiency 0.70 = Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone

Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for lighting baseline wattage and savings. Baselines for T8 Relamp/Reballast assume T12 with EE lamp and EMag ballast. Baselines for other measures assume standard T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts. Baseline usage for high-efficiency fixtures based on system efficiency comparisons conducted by National Grid. Some baseline fixtures require more lamps and/or fixtures compared to high-efficiency fixtures. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by building type located in the reference tables section of this document. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.

22 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.


Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category Lighting Hardwired

Fixture Lighting Hardwired

Fixture Lighting Hardwired

Fixture

Measure Code LFHCONVT LFHLHT08 LFHLRT08

Product Description Relamp/Reballast

to T8 High Efficiency

Fluorescent Open T8 w/ Spec.

Reflector

Track Name Track No. Freerider Spillover Freerider Spillover Freerider Spillover

Act250 NC 6014A250 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 0.70 1 0.95 1 0.95 1

Farm NC 6014FARM n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Farm Equip Rpl 6013FARM n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC n/a n/a 1 1 1 1

Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 0.70 1 0.95 1 0.95 1

C&I Retro 6012CNIR n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

MF Mkt Retro 6012MFMR n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Efficient Products 6032EPEP n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

LISF Retrofit 6034LISF n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

LIMF Retrofit 6017RETR n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

LIMF NC 6018LINC n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

LIMF Rehab 6018LIRH n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

RES Retrofit 6036RETR n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

RNC VESH 6038VESH n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

MF Mkt NC 6019MFNC n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost

Fixture

INCREMENTAL COST ($)

INCENTIVE

2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 10 $5

2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast – over 4' 10 $5



2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture 20 $15

2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired) 20 $15

3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture 20 $15

Open, non-recessed fixture w/ specular reflector 25 $15

Lifetimes T8 fixtures – 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.


Reference Tables

Operating Hours by Building Type

Building Type Annual Hours (1) Office 3,435

Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068

Grocery/Supermarket 4,612

Warehouse 2,388

Elemen./Second. School (2) 2,080

College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697

Manufacturing 3,500

Other/Misc. 2,278

T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage (kWsaved)

Fixture Technology WattsEE WattsBASE Saved

Wattage

Prescriptive Fixtures

2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 59 68 9

2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- over 4' 110 132 22



2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture 59 71 12

2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired) 56 71 15

3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture 86 97 11

Open, non-recessed fixture w/ specular reflector 59 88 29

(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.

(2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.


CFL Fixture Version Date & Revision History Measure Number: I-C-2-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Lighting End Use) Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD Description Compact fluorescent (CFL) hardwired fixture. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = kWsave × HOURS × WHFe Demand Savings

∆kW = kWsave × WHFd Where:

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting)

kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For

a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont23and 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a cooled space.

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting.

WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85/ 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the

∆kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. The default for this measure is a cooled space.





∆MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont24 0.75 = average heating system efficiency 0.70 = Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone

Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction. Spillover 5%. Incremental Cost 1-lamp CFL fixture -- $35 2-lamp CFL fixture -- $40 Dimming CFL fixture -- $55 Operation and Maintenance Savings Because compact fluorescent lamps last much longer than incandescent bulbs, CLFs offer significant operation and maintenance (O&M) savings over the life of the fixture for avoided incandescent lamps and the labor to install them. The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings: Incandescent bulb cost: $0.75 per bulb Life of incandescent bulb: 1000 hours Labor cost to replace any kind of lamp: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hour) CFL lamp cost: $3 per lamp Life of CFL lamp: 12,000 hours with greater than 38 hrs per week usage; 9,000 hours with up to 38 hrs per week usage. CFL ballast replacement cost: $19 ($14 ballast, $5 labor) Life of CFL ballast: 40,000 hours Lifetime CFL fixture – 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.



Reference Tables

CFL Fixture Saved Wattage (kWsaved)

Lighting Technology Efficient Wattage

Baseline Wattage

Saved Wattage

kWsave

Compact Fluorescent Fixtures

CFL fixture -- 1 lamp < 20 W total 15 60 45

CFL fixture -- 1 lamp >= 20 W total 29 100 71

CFL fixture -- 2 lamp >= 20 W total 34 120 86

Dimming CFL fixture < 20 W lamp 20 75 55

Dimming CFL fixture >= 20 W lamp 25 100 75

Typical wattages for each category based on review of most common wattage fixtures rebated in Efficiency Vermont programs to date and assumptions used by NGrid for dimming CFL fixtures.

Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type


Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388


College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697

Manufacturing 3,500

Other/Misc. 2,278




Exterior HID Measure Number: I-C-3-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Exterior metal halide (MH) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) high intensity discharge (HID) fixtures less than or equal to 100 watts. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = kWsave × HOURS × WHF Demand Savings

∆kW = kWsave Where:


kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual exterior lighting hours of use per year WHF = Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the value is one. ∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If the hours are not available from the form then use default 3,338 hours of use25. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors

25 Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey.

% of annual kWh

Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)

Application Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Outdoor #13 19.9% 13.3% 30.3% 36.6% 35.0% 15.2% 35.0%


Freeridership Exterior HID – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction Spillover Exterior HID – 0%. Incremental Cost Metal Halide or High Pressure Sodium -- $30 Lifetimes Exterior HID – 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.

Reference Tables

Exterior HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved)


Baseline Wattage

Saved Wattage

kWsave

Exterior HID Fixtures (Assumes quartz halogen baseline)

Typical metal halide or high-pressure sodium <=100W 90 200 110


LED Exit Sign Measure Number: I-C-4-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD Description Exit sign illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED). Algorithms Energy Savings


∆kW = kWsave × WHFd Where:


kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual exit sign hours of use per year, 8760 hours WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For

a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont26and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a cooled space.


WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1+ 0.85/ 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the







0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont27 0.75 = average heating system efficiency 0.70 = Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone

Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours Exit Signs – 8760 hours per year. Loadshape Loadshape #65, Continuous C&I Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership LED exit sign – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction Spillover LED exit sign – 0%. Incremental Cost $25 Lifetimes LED exit sign – 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables


LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage (kWsaved)


Baseline Wattage

Saved Wattage

kWsave

LED Exit Signs

New Exit Sign 2 11 9


Lighting Controls Measure Number: I-C-5-h (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD Description Controls for lighting, including occupancy sensors and daylight dimming. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = kWconnected × HOURS × SVG × OTF × WHFe

Demand Savings

∆kW = kWconnected × SVG × OTF × WHFd Where:


HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.

For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont28and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a cooled space.

SVG = % of annual lighting energy saved by lighting control; determined on a site-specific basis or refer to table by control type

OTF = Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 for all occupancy sensors and for daylight dimming controls when the project undergoes Operational Testing or commissioning services, 0.80 for daylight dimming controls otherwise.

kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control. For multi-level and perimeter switching in the Comprehensive Track the savings is applied to all interior lighting kW load.


WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85/ 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the








Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement For projects that are not subject to Act 250 review, the baseline is a manual switch. Default assumptions – for when specific information about the application is not known – are based on engineering judgement about the typical frequency of different applications. While savings will generally be based on site-specific calculations, the table provides default values based on average estimated efficiency gains for instances where site-specific calculations are not available. The 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serves as the baseline for lighting controls in Act 250 projects. See the excerpt regarding lighting controls in the reference tables section of this characterization. High Efficiency Controlled lighting such as occupancy sensors and daylight dimming. For projects that are subject to Act 250 review, controls must exceed the lighting control requirements in the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. Loadshape Fluorescent Controls: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. HID Controls: Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category Lighting

Efficiency/Controls Lighting

Efficiency/Controls

Measure Code LECOCCUP LECDAYLT

Product Description Occupancy Sensors Daylighting




Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 0.98 1 0.98 1



Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC 1 30 1 1 31 1

Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 0.98 1 0.98 1

C&I Retro 6012CNIR 0.9 1 0.9 1










* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Incremental Cost Wall Occupancy Sensor -- $55 per control Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor -- $125 per control Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast -- $65 per ballast controlled Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID -- $200 per fixture (including some portion of the control cost) Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Controls – 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.

30 Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. 31 Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.


Reference Tables

32 10% savings estimate applied to all interior lighting in the Comprehensive Track. Based on 50% of lighting turned off 20% of the time as a result of multi-level and perimeter switching requirements in the Comprehensive Track. Perimeter lighting is expected to be switched off more frequently, resulting in a higher percent savings, but this is offset by other interior lighting such as hallways that will not benefit from multi-level switching.

Default Percent Savings by Lighting Controls (SVG)

Lighting Control Type % Savings (SVG)

Wall Occupancy Sensor 30%

Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor 30%

Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast 50%

Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID 30%

Multi-Level and Perimeter Switching32 10%

Default Controlled Wattage for Lighting Controls

Lighting Control Type Default Controlled

Wattage

Wall Occupancy Sensor 350 watts per control

Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor 587 watts per control

Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast 83 watts per ballast

Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID 455 watts per fixture Controlled wattage for wall and remote-mounted occupancy sensors based on NGrid experience. Hi-Low controlled wattage 400 watt metal halide lamp based on NGrid typical experience. Daylight dimming watts per ballast based on average of 2-lamp & 4-lamp T8 fixtures.




Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388


College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697

Manufacturing 3,500

Other/Misc. 2,278 (1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993. (2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.

Excerpt from 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction

805.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be provided with controls as required in Sections 805.2.1, 805.2.2 and 805.2.3. 805.2.2 Additional controls. Each area that is required to have a manual control shall have additional controls that meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1, 805.2.2.2 or 805.2.2.3.

Exceptions: 1. Areas that have only one luminaire. 2. Areas that are controlled by an occupant-sensing device. 3. Corridors, storerooms, restrooms, or public lobbies.

805.2.2.1 Bi Level Switching. Each area less than 250 ft2 that is required to have a manual control shall also allow the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by at least 50 percent.

Exceptions: 1. Areas that have only one luminaire. 2. Areas that are controlled by an occupant-sensing device. 3. Corridors, storerooms, restrooms, or public lobbies. 4. Guest rooms.

805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff. Spaces greater than 250 ft2 in buildings larger than 5,000 ft2 shall be equipped with an automatic control device to shut off lighting in those spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either:

1. A scheduled basis, using time-of-day, with an independent program schedule that controls the interior lighting in areas that do not exceed 25,000 ft2 and are not more than one floor, or

2. An unscheduled basis by occupant intervention.

805.2.2.3 Guest rooms. Guest rooms in hotels, motels, boarding houses, or similar buildings shall have at least one master switch at the main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched receptacles, except those in the bathroom(s). Suites shall have a control meeting these requirements at the entry to each room or at the primary entry to the suite.


LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals Measure Number: I-C-6-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 9/15/01 End date: TBD Description Traffic/Pedestrian Signal illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED) offered prescriptively. New equipment or retrofit applications are eligible. Eligible lamps must meet the Energy Star Traffic Signal Specification and the Institute for Transportation Engineers specification for traffic signals. State-owned signals are not eligible. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = kWsave × HOURS × WHF Demand Savings

∆kW = kWsave Where:


kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual traffic signal hours of use per year, see Operating Hours WHF = Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the value is one. ∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours Red Balls, always changing or flashing – 55% of time, or 4818 hours 33 Red Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 3011 hours Green Balls, always changing – 42% of time, or 3679 hours1 Green Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 2300 hours Red Arrows – 90% of time, or 7884 hours1 Flashing Yellows – 50% of time, or 4380 hours

33 From A Market Transformation Opportunity Assessment for LED Traffic Signals, 1998, by American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.


“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal – 75% of time, or 6570 hours1 “Man” Walk Signal – 21% of time, or 1840 hours1 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors

Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost 12” Red Ball - $140 12” Green Ball - $300 12” Yellow Ball - $180 8” Red Ball - $135 8” Green Ball - $240 12” Red Arrow - $110 “Hand” Don’t Walk Signal - $165 “Man” Walk Signal - $235 Source: Highway Tech (Primary Vermont distributor of traffic signals) Operation and Maintenance Savings Because LEDs last much longer than incandescent bulbs, LEDs offer operation and maintenance (O&M) savings over the life of the lamps for avoided replacement lamps and the labor to install them. The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings: Incandescent bulb cost: $3 per bulb Labor cost to replace incandescent lamp: $60 per signal (state contractor) Life of incandescent bulb: 8000 hours (manufacturers’ data)

% of annual kWh

Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF)

Application Load

Profile #

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Red Balls, always changing or flashing

29 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 55% 55% 55%

Red Balls, changing day, off night

30 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 55% 55% 55%

Green Balls, always changing

31 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 42% 42% 42%

Green Balls, changing day, off night

32 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 42% 42% 42%

Red Arrows 33 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 90% 90% 90%

Flashing Yellows 35 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 50% 50% 50%

“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal

36 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 75% 75% 75%

“Man” Walk Signal 37 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 21% 21% 21%


Lifetimes LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signal – 100,000 hours (manufacturer’s estimate), capped at 10 years34. The life in years is calculated by dividing 100,000 hrs by the annual operating hours for the particular signal type. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables

Source: Gelcore – primary manufacturer of traffic signals.

34 It is expected that LED traffic signals will be common practice in 10 years.

LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage (kWsaved)


Baseline Wattage

Saved Wattage

Wsave

LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals

12” Red Ball Signal 14 116 102

12” Green Ball Signal 19 116 97

12” Yellow Ball Signal 20 116 96

8” Red Ball Signal 7 90 83

8” Green Ball Signal 10 90 80

12” Red Arrow 10 116 106

“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal 9 116 107

“Man” Walk Signal 7 116 109


HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide Measure Number: I-C-7-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Description Pulse-start metal halide (MH) high intensity discharge (HID). Estimated Measure Impacts




0.32 171 54.7

Algorithms Demand Savings

∆kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000) × WHFd Energy Savings

∆kWh = (WattsBASE – WattsEE) / 1000 × HOURS × WHFe

Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure WattsBASE = Baseline connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables Section. WattsEE = Energy efficient connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables

Section. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient

lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85 / 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a heated-only space, with no cooling.



WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 35 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the



value is one. The default for this measure is a heated-only space, with no cooling.





Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by building type located in the reference tables section of this document. Loadshape Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership/Spillover Factors


Fixture

Measure Code LFHHDMHP

Product Description Pulse Start Metal-Halide


Act250 NC 6014A250 n/a n/a

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 0.90 1.00

Farm NC 6014FARM 1.00 1.00

Farm Equip Rpl 6013FARM 1.00 1.00

Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC 1.00 1.00

Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 0.90 1.00

C&I Retro 6012CNIR n/a n/a












Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $37.50 Incentive Level Incentive of $25 is offered per fixture. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables



Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388


Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved)

Lighting Technology WattsEE WattsBASE Saved

Wattage

Pulse start metal halide -- 200 W 232 295 63

Pulse start metal halide -- 320 W 365 455 90

Baseline is standard metal halide.


College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697

Manufacturing 3,500

Other/Misc. 2,278




CFL Screw-in Measure Number: I-C-8-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD Description An existing incandescent light bulb is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent lamp. This is a retrofit measure. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = 0.0586 × HOURS × WHFe Demand Savings

∆kW = 0.0586 × WHFd Where:


0.0548 = average kilowattage reduction37 HOURS = average hours of use per year (see table below) WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient

lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ (0.29 / 2.5)). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont38and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. The default for this measure is a cooled space.

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting.

WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as 1 + 0.85/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63




37 kW reduction used for commercial CFL in the Efficient Products Program. 38 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.


∆MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont39 0.75 = average heating system efficiency 0.70 = Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone

Oil heating is assumed typical. Operating Hours Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by building type located in the reference tables section of this document. Annual Operations and Maintenance Savings Because compact fluorescent lamps last much longer than incandescent bulbs, CLFs offer significant operation and maintenance (O&M) savings over the life of the lamp for avoided incandescent lamps and the labor to install them. The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings: Incandescent bulb cost: $0.50 per bulb Life of incandescent bulb: 1000 hours Labor cost to replace any kind of lamp: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hour) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb. High Efficiency High efficiency is a compact fluorescent lamp. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership 10%.40 Spillover 5%41 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Cost $13 Lifetimes Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000 hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. The table below lists the lifetime based on number of annual hours of operation. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.

39 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 40 Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 41 Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.


Low range hours/yr High range hours/yr Lamp Lifetime Hours

0.0 729.9 3000

730.0 912.4 5000

912.5 1,094.9 6000

1,095.0 1,277.4 7000

1,277.5 1,459.9 8000

1,460.0 1,824.9 9000

1,825.0 2,189.9 9500

2,190.0 2,919.9 10000

2,920.0 8,760.0 12000

Reference Tables

Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type


Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388

Elemen./Second. School 2,080

College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697

Manufacturing (2) 3,500

Other/Misc. 2,278

Exterior Lighting 3,338


(2) Manufacturing hours from DPS screening tool for industrial indoor lighting.


Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with Electronic Ballast Measure Number: I-C-9-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls Description Hard wired vapor-proof CFL fixtures with electronic ballasts. These are intended for existing construction only. However, it is recognized that some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without EVT's knowledge. Estimated Measure Impacts

Average Annual MWH Savings per fixture



0.169 469 79.3


∆kWh =169.4 Demand Savings

∆kW = 0.0632 Where:


169.442 = ∆kWh


0.063243 = ∆kW Waste Heat Adjustment Assumed to be 0% as most dairy farm lighting applications are in unconditioned space. Baseline Efficiencies Incandescent fixtures of various wattages.

42 Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per measure. 43 ∆kW determined by ∆kWh / Operating Hours


High Efficiency Hard wired vapor-proof CFL fixtures with electronic ballasts. Operating Hours 267944 hours / year Loadshape Loadshape #24, Dairy Farm Combined End Uses Freeridership/Spillover Factors


Fixture

Measure Code LFHCFFIX

Product Description

Compact Fluorescent farm

fixture


Act250 NC 6014A250 n/a n/a

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST n/a n/a


Farm Equip Rpl 6013FARM 1 1

Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC n/a n/a

Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 1 1











Persistence Persistence is assumed to be 67% based on agreement between DPS and EVT. Lifetimes Engineering measure life: Hard wired CFL Fixtures – 15 years. Measure life, adjusted for persistence: 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the adjusted lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $70. Incentive Level $35

44 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool (Loadshape #24).


O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M savings is $8.79 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables

Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings

Efficient Measures Baseline Measures

Component Cost Life Cost Life

Lamp $5.67 4.47 years $3.67 0.37 years

Ballast N/A 17.9 years N/A N/A

Note: Lamp and ballast costs include labor fees. Labor rate for lamp is $2.67 per lamp. Labor rate for ballast is $5.00 per ballast.


Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Measure Number: I-C-10-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls Description Vapor-proof T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts meeting National Electric Code Article 547-6 rating for agricultural buildings. These are intended for existing construction only. However, it is recognized that some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without EVT's knowledge. Estimated Measure Impacts

Average Annual MWH Savings per fixture



0.196 415 8.1


∆kWh = 196 Demand Savings

∆kW = 0.0732 Where:


19645 = ∆kWh


0.073246 = ∆kW Waste Heat Adjustment Assumed to be 0% as most lighting applications are in unconditioned space Baseline Efficiencies Baseline represents a mix of T-12 and incandescent fixtures Operating Hours 267947 hours / year

45 Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per measure. 46 ∆kW determined by ∆kWh / Operating Hours 47 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool (Loadshape #24).



Source: Load profile for dairy farm operation from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape #24).

Freeridership48 0% for retrofit Spillover 0% for retrofit Persistence Persistence is assumed to be one. Lifetimes T8 fixtures – 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure varies based on lamp size. 4’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts: $70 8’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts: $140 Incentive Level $35 for 4’ fixtures $70 for 8’ fixtures O&M Cost Adjustments There are no O&M Cost Adjustments for this measure.. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None

48 Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm retrofit measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.




Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Dairy Farm Combined #24 30.2% 6.3% 39.9% 23.6% 42.7% 22.3% 37.0%


Metal Halide Track Measure Number: I-C-11-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 31 Effective date: 1/1/05 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Description A metal-halide track head produces equal or more light as compared to halogen track head(s), while using fewer watts. Typically, a 39 watt PAR20 metal-halide track head using 43 watts can be used in place of (3) 50 watt halogen PAR20 track heads. Eligible Fixtures include New, Replacement, and Retrofit. Estimated Measure Impacts

Measure Type Average Annual MWH Savings per unit



20 Watts MH 0.270 20 5.40

39 Watts MH 0.368 20 7.36

70 Watts MH 0.508 20 10.16



∆kWh = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000) × HOURS × WHFe Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure WattsBASE = Baseline connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section. WattsEE = Energy efficient connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85 / 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs

to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an outdoor space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to

offset the increase in the ∆kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings.


HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form. If operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table ‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.

WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For an indoor space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 49 and



2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling system efficiency. For an outdoor space, the value is one.


MMBTUWH = (∆kWh / WHFe) × 0.70 × 0.003413 × 0.39 / 0.75 Where:


0.70 = Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone heat, therefore it must be adjusted to account for lighting in core zones. It is assumed that 70% is the typical square footage of building within 15 feet of exterior wall.

0.003413 = conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont50 0.75 = Average Heating System Efficiency

Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an interior Halogen track fixture High Efficiency High efficiency is an interior metal halide track fixture. Metal-Halide lamps must be <= 70 watts with mean ballast/lamp efficacy > 55 LPW and must be UL listed. Operating Hours Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by building type located in the reference tables section of this document. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape.




Measure Category Lighting Efficiency

Measure Code LFHHDMHT

Product Description MH Track Lighting


Act250 NC 6014A250 n/a n/a

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 1 1.10




Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 1 1.10

C&I Retro 6012CNIR 1 1.10










Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The baseline cost for a 50 and 75 watt PAR30 halogen is $60 per head, or $180 for (3) heads The cost for a 20 watt metal-halide track head is $ 275 The cost for a 39 watt metal-halide track head is $ 275 The cost for a 70 watt metal-halide track head is $325 The incremental cost for a 20 watt head is $155 The incremental cost for a 39 watt head is $155 The incremental cost for a 70 watt head is $145 Incentive Level Incentive of $75 is offered per track head. Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings: 75 watt bulb cost: $6.00 per bulb Life of 75 watt halogen bulb: 2,500 hours Labor cost to replace any kind of lamp: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hr) Metal halide lamp cost: $60.00 per lamp Life of 20 watt metal-halide lamp: 8,000 hours


Life of 39 watt metal-halide lamp: 9,000 hours Life of 70 watt metal-halide lamp: 10,000 hours Metal halide ballast replacement cost: $90 Metal halide ballast labor cost: $22.50 (30 min. @ $45 per hour) Life of metal halide ballast: 40,000 hours Fossil Fuel Descriptions See algorithm in ‘Heating Increased Usage’ Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables



Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388


College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697


Other/Misc. 2,278


(2) Manufacturing hours based on operating hours between a one and two shift operation.

Metal Halide Track Saved Wattage

Lighting Technology WattsEE WattsBASE Saved Wattage

20 watt track head 23 100 77



*Baseline is Halogen PAR Track Head. Typically, a 20 watt metal-halide will replace (2) PAR20 50 watt halogen track heads, a 39 watt metal-halide will replace (2) PAR30 75 watt halogen heads. A 70 watt metal-halide will replace (3) PAR30 75 watt halogen heads.


“High Performance” or “Super” T8 Lamp/Ballast Systems Measure Number: I-C-12-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD Description “High-Performance” or “Super” T8 lamp/ballast systems have higher lumens per watt than standard T8 systems. This results in lamp/ballast systems that produce equal or greater light than standard T8 systems, while using fewer watts. Eligible fixtures include new, replacement, or retrofit. Estimated Measure Impacts




Residential N/A 0 0

Commercial 0.0504 300 15.1


∆kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) / 1000) × WHFd Energy Savings

∆kWh = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE ) / 1000) × HOURS × WHFe Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure WattsBASE = Baseline connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section. WattsEE = Energy efficient connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient

lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85 / 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63





WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 51 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a cooled space.

Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). Heating Increased Usage



0.70 = Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone heat, therefore it must be adjusted to account for lighting in core zones. It is assumed that 70% is the typical square footage of building within 15 feet of exterior wall.

0.003413 = conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont52

0.75 = Average Heating System Efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a standard T8 system with electronic ballast. High Efficiency The High-Efficiency or “Super T8” System is a T8 system that produces more than 90 lumens per watt and meets the requirements listed below. Includes fixture retrofits and new fixtures. 32 Watt System using F32T8 lamps:

1. Lamps shall have a Color Rendering Index => 82, lumen maintenance => 94%, and lamp life => 24,000 hours (@ 40 percent of rated life, 3-hours per start) Lamp must have at least 3,100 initial lumens.

2. Ballast must be a low power ballast. (Ballast factor < 0.80). When combined with a 32W Super T8 lamp, this will result in equal light to a standard T8 system.

3. Lamp/ballast combination shall have an efficacy of equal to or greater than 90 lumens per watt:

Lamp/Ballast Efficacy = Initial Lamp Lumens x No. of Lamps x Ballast Factor Ballast Input Watts

30 Watt System using F30T8 lamps:

4. Lamps shall have a Color Rendering Index => 82, lumen maintenance => 94%, and lamp life => 18,000 hours (@ 40 percent of rated life, 3-hours per start)

5. Ballast must be a normal power ballast. (Ballast factor is between 0.80 and 0.90). When combined with a 30W Super T8 lamp, this will result in equal light to a standard T8 system.


Lamp/Ballast Efficacy = Initial Lamp Lumens x No. of Lamps x Ballast Factor

51 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993 52 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.


Ballast Input Watts

28 Watt System using F28T8 lamps:

7. Lamps shall have a Color Rendering Index => 82, lumen maintenance => 94%, and lamp life => 24,000 hours (@ 40 percent of rated life, 3-hours per start)

8. Ballast must be a normal power ballast. (Ballast factor is between 0.80 and 0.90). When combined with a 28W Super T8 lamp, this will result in equal light to a standard T8 system.


Lamp/Ballast Efficacy = Initial Lamp Lumens x No. of Lamps x Ballast Factor Ballast Input Watts

Operating Hours Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by building type located in the reference tables section of this document.. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership/Spillover Factors


Measure Code LFHLST08

Product Description High-Performance (Super) T8


Act250 NC 6014A250 n/a n/a
















Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one for the 32 watt system. The persistence factor is assumed to be 80% for the 30 watt and 28 watt systems. Lifetimes 15 years for the 32 watt system.


Adjusted lifetime used for savings and screening for the 30 watt and 28 watt systems will be 0.8 * 15 years = 12 years, to account for persistence. Analysis period is the same as the adjusted lifetime. Measure Cost Baseline Ballast Cost: $15 Baseline Lamp Cost: $2.50 Super T8 Ballast Cost: $32.50 Super T8 Lamp Cost: $5.00 Incremental Costs are as follows: 1-Lamp $20.00 2-Lamp $22.50 3-Lamp $25.00 4-Lamp $27.50 Incentive Level The incentive for a 32W Super T8 System is $20 The incentive for a 28W/30W Super T8 System is $15 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings: Standard T8 Lamp Cost: $2.50 Standard T8 Lamp Life: 20,000 hrs Standard T8 Labor Cost: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hr) Standard T8 Ballast Cost: $15 Standard T8 Ballast Life: 70,000 hrs Ballast Labor Cost: $15.00 (20 min @ $45 per hour labor) Super T8 Lamp Cost: $5.00 Super T8 Lamp Life: 24,000 hrs Super T8 Labor Cost: $2.67 per lamp Super T8 Ballast Cost: $32.50 Super T8 Ballast Life: 70,000 hrs Ballast Labor Cost: $15.00 (20 min @ $45 per hour labor) Fossil Fuel Descriptions See algorithm in ‘Heating Increased Usage’ Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.


Reference Tables

T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage

Fixture Technology WattsEE WattsBASE Saved

Wattage


(1) 32W High-Performance T8 lamp w/ LP elec ballast – 4 foot 25 32 7

(2) 32W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ LP elec ballast – 4 foot 49 59 10



(1) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamp w/ elec. Ballast – 4 foot 25 32 7

(2) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ elec. Ballast – 4 foot 50 59 9

(3) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ elec. Ballast – 4 foot 75 88 13

(4) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ elec. ballast – 4 foot 98 114 16

Note: Listed Wattage for 28W/30W system is average of actual wattage between 28W system and 30W system, respectively.



Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388


College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697


Other/Misc. 2,278


(4) Manufacturing hours based on operating hours between one and two shift operation.


T5 Fluorescent High-Bay Fixtures Measure Number: I-C-13-a (Commercial Energy Opportunties, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 26 Effective date: 5/1/04 End date: TBD Description A T5 high-bay fixture has a fixture efficiency of over 91%, while a metal-halide fixture has a fixture efficiency of ~70%. By using a more efficient fixture, a space can be lit with fewer watts or fixtures. Typically, a 4-lamp F54T5HO system using 240 watts will provide as much light on a target surface as a standard 400 watt metal-halide fixture using 455 watts. Estimated Measure Impacts




Residential N/A 0 0

Commercial 0.7055 250 176.4



∆kWh = (WattsBASE – WattsEE) / 1000 × HOURS × WHFe Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure WattsBASE = Baseline connected kW from table located in Reference Tables Section. WattsEE = Energy efficient connected kW from table located in Reference Tables Section. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.

For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP cooling system efficiency. For heated only space, the value is one. The default for this

measure is a heated-only space, with no cooling.

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form. If operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table ‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.

WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 53 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling system efficiency. For a heated only space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a heated-only space, with no cooling.




∆MMBTUWH = (∆kWh / WHFe) × 0.003413 × 0.39 / 0.75 Where:


0.003413 = conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont54

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a standard metal-halide high-bay fixture. High Efficiency The efficient condition is a T5 High-Bay fixture that meets the following requirements.

1. Only complete new (3) or (4) lamp T5HO fixtures qualify. Other lamp combinations may be eligible for a custom incentive.

2. The total fixture efficiency must be greater than 91%. This is calculated as the total lumens leaving the fixture divided by the total number of lumens produced by the lamps.

3. All fixtures must have a reflector with a minimum 90% reflectivity. 4. Minimum ceiling height = 15 ft. 5. Exterior installations not eligible.

Operating Hours Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by building type located in the reference tables section of this document.. Loadshape Loadshape #18, Industrial Indoor Lighting.





Measure Code LFHHIBAY

Product Description T5 High-Bay Lighting


Act250 NC 6014A250 n/a n/a


Farm NC 6014FARM 1 1.10

Farm Equip Rpl 6013FARM 1 1.10













Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The baseline fixture cost is $150. The T5 High-Bay fixture cost is $300. The incremental cost for this measure is $150. Incentive Level The incentive for this measure is $50 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Baseline Metal-Halide Lamp Cost: $21.00 Baseline 400W Lamp Life: 20,000 hrs Baseline 250W Lamp Life: 10,000 hrs Baseline Lamp Labor Cost: $5.00 (15 min @ $20 per hour labor) Baseline 250W Ballast Cost: $87.75 Baseline 400W Ballast Cost: $109.35 Baseline Ballast Life: 40,000 hrs Baseline Ballast Labor Cost: $22.50 (30 min * $45 per hour labor) T5 High-Bay Lamp Cost: $12 per lamp T5 High-Bay Lamp Life: 20,000 hrs T5 High-Bay Lamp Labor Cost: $6.67 (20 min @ $20 per hour labor)


T5 High-Bay Ballast Cost: $52.00 T5 High-Bay Ballast Life: 70,000 hrs T5 High-Bay Ballast Labor Cost: $22.50 (30 min * $45 per hour labor) Fossil Fuel Descriptions See algorithm in ‘Heating Increased Usage’ Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables



Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388


College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697


Other/Misc. 2,278

T5 High-Bay Saved Wattage (kWsaved)

Fixture Technology WattsBASE WattsEE Saved

Wattage


(3) lamp 4-foot T5HO in lieu of 250 watt metal-halide 295 180 115

(4) lamp 4-foot T5HO in lieu of 400 watt metal-halide 455 240 215


Lighting Power Density Measure Number: I-C-14-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 33 Effective date: 1/1/05 End date: TBD

Referenced Documents: None Description Efficient lighting with a reduced wattage compared to the baseline, other than controls. This methodology is generally applied to commercial new construction and remodel or renovation of existing buildings, including both facilities that are and are not subject to Act 250 review. Estimated Measure Impacts




17.1 200 3420

Algorithms

Energy Savings


∆kW = kWsave × WHFd

kWsave = (WSFbase – WSFeffic) × SF/1000 Where:


kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type if site-specific

hours are not available. WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.

For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont55and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a cooled space.


WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a cooled space, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85/ 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal: Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to be mechanically



cooled.) For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the


WSFbase = the baseline lighting watts per square foot or linear foot. Refer to the tables listed below under Baselines/Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction – Lighting.

WSFeffic = the actual installed lighting watts per square foot or linear foot. SF = Building or space square footage, or linear feet if usage expressed as watts per linear

foot.



∆MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413 = conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont56 0.75 = average heating system efficiency 0.70 = Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone

Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the tables listed below under Baselines/Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction – Lighting. High Efficiency Based on actual installed watts per square foot. If not available then assumed equal to the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Operating Hours Lighting hours of operation determined on a site-specific basis. If site-specific data is not available then use hours of use by building type for interior lighting. See the table titled Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. If building type is not specified then use default 3,500 hours for interior lighting. For exterior lighting use default 3,338 hours of use57. Loadshapes Indoor Lighting: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Outdoor Lighting: Loadshape #13, Commercial Outdoor Lighting.

56 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 57 Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey.



Measure Category Lighting

Measure Code LECACINT, LECACEXT

Product Description Efficient Lighting


Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1





Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES n/a n/a











* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is: Per square foot $1.25 per Watt/SF reduction. Per lineal foot $0.50 per Watt/lin ft reduction. Incentive Level Default incentives for this measure are: Per square foot $0.30 per Watt/SF reduction. Per lineal foot $0.12 per Watt/lin ft reduction. Incentives are adjustable on a custom basis. O&M Cost Adjustments None. Fossil Fuel Descriptions See Heating Increased Usage above. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.


Reference Tables Baselines/Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction – Lighting

Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories Lighting Power Density (w/ft2) Building Area Method

Building Area Type Non-Act 250

Baseline (w/ft2)

Source for Non-Act 250 Baseline

Act 250 Guideline and Baseline (w/ft2)

Automotive Facility 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.5

Convention Center 2.1 Banquet/Multipurpose 1.4

Court House 1.8 Classroom/Lecture Hall 1.4

Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 1.6 Leisure Dining Bar 1.5

Dining: Cafeteria 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.8

Dining: Family 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.9

Dormitory 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.5

Exercise Center 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4

Gymnasium 1.7 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.7

Hospital/Health Care 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Hotel 1.7 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.7

Library 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.5

Manufacturing Facility 2.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.2

Motel 2.0 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.0

Motion Picture Theater 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Multi-Family 1.0 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.0

Museum 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Office 1.6 Offices 1.3

Parking Garage 0.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.3

Penitentiary 1.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.2

Performing Arts Theater 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.5

Police/Fire Station 1.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.3

Post Office 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Religious Building 2.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.2

Retail 2.7 Retail 1.9

School/University 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.5

Sports Arena 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.5

Town Hall 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4

Transportation 1.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.2

Warehouse 1.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.2

Workshop 1.7 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.7


Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Space by Space Method - Building Specific Space Type

Building Type Space Type Non-Act 250

Baseline (w/ft2)

Source for Non-Act 250

Baseline

Act 250 Guideline and

Baseline (w/ft2) *

Athletic Facility Buildings

Gymnasium Playing Area 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.9

Dressing/Locker 0.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.8

Exercise Area 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.1

Exercise Center Exercise Area 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.1

Dressing/Locker 0.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.8

Civil Service Buildings

Courthouse Courtroom 2.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.1

Confinement Cell 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.1

Judges Chambers 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.1

Police Station Police Station Laboratory 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.8

Fire Station Fire Station Engine Room 0.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.9

Sleeping Quarters 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.1

Post Office Sorting Area 2.1 Sorting & Mailing 1.7

Convention Center Buildings

Convention Center Exhibit Space 3.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 3.3

Educational Buildings

Library Card File/Cataloging 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4

Stacks 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.9

Reading Area 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.8

Hospital/Healthcare Buildings

Emergency 2.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.8

Recovery 2.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.6

Nurse Station 2.0 Nurse Station 1.8

Exam/Treatment 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Pharmacy 2.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.3

Patient Room 1.2 Patient Room 1.2

Operating Room 7.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 7.6

Nursery 1.9 Nursery 1.0

Medical Supply 3.0 Vt 2001 Guidelines 3.0

Physical Therapy 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.9

Radiology 2.0 Radiology 0.4

Laundry - Washing 0.7 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.7

Industrial Buildings

Workshop Workshop 2.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.5

Automotive Facility Garage Service/Repair 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4

Manufacturing General Low Bay (<25’) 2.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.1

General High Bay (>25’) 3.0 Vt 2001 Guidelines 3.0

Detailed 6.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 6.2

Equipment Room 0.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.8

Control Room 1.5 Control Room 0.5

* Act 250 Guidelines from ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.1.2


Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Space by Space Method - Building Specific Space Type (continued)


Baseline (w/ft2)


Baseline


Baseline (w/ft2) *

Lodging Buildings

Hotel Guest Room 2.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.5

Motel Guest Room 2.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.5

Dormitory Living Quarters 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.9

Museum Buildings

Museum General Exhibition 1.7 Museum General Exhibition

1.6

Restoration 3.6 Inspection / Restoration

2.5

Office Buildings

Office Banking Activity Area 2.6 Banking Activity Area

2.4

Laboratory 2.3 Laboratory 1.8

Penitentiary Buildings

Penitentiary Confinement Cells 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.1

Religious Buildings

Worship – Pulpit, Choir 5.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 5.2

Fellowship Hall 3.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.3

Retail Buildings

Retail General Sales Area 2.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.1

Mall Concourse 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.8

Sports Arena Building

Sports Arena Ring Sports Arena 3.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 3.8

Court Sports Arena 4.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 4.3

Indoor Playing Field Area 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.9

Storage Buildings

Warehouse Fine Material Storage 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Medium/Bulky Material Storage

1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines

1.1

Parking Garage Parking Area – Pedestrian 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Parking Area – Attendant only 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.1

Transportation Buildings

Transportation Airport Concourse 0.7 Concourse 0.7

Air/Train/Bus Baggage Area 1.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.3

Terminal – Ticket Counter 2.1 Ticket Counter 1.8


Comment: Page: 1 From IECC 2000 for Religious worship.

Comment: Page: 1 Does not include display or accent lighting.


Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Space by Space Method - Common Activity Areas


Baseline (w/ft2)


Baseline

Act 250 Guideline

and Baseline (w/ft2) *

Lobby

General 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.8

Hotel 1.7 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.7

Performing Arts 1.3 Theater Lobby 1.2

Motion Picture 1.3 Theater Lobby 0.8

Atrium (multi-story)

First 3 floors 1.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.3

Each additional floor 0.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.2

Lounge/recreation room 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4

Dining Area

General/Cafeteria 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4

Bar/lounge leisure dining 2.1 Avg Bar/lounge &

leisure dining 1.2

Family 2.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.2

Hotel 2.1 Avg Bar/lounge &

leisure dining 1.0

Motel 2.1 Avg Bar/lounge &

leisure dining 1.2

Food preparation 2.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.2

Restrooms 1.0 Toilet & Washroom 1.0

Corridor/transition


Hospital/healthcare 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Manufacturing 0.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.5

Stairs – active


Active storage


Hospital/healthcare 2.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.9


Inactive storage



Electrical/mechanical



Comment: Page: 1 From IECC 2000 for Lobby, hotel.


Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories

Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Space by Space Method - Common Activity Areas (continued)


Baseline (w/ft2)


Baseline


Baseline (w/ft2) *

Office – enclosed plan

General 1.7

Reading, Typing, Filing Office 1

1.5

Office – open plan

General 1.7

Reading, Typing, Filing Avg Office 2

& 3 1.3

Conference/meeting room

General 1.6 Conference/

Meeting Room 1.5

Classroom/lecture/training

General 1.8 Classroom/Lecture

Hall 1.6

Penitentiary 1.8 Classroom/Lecture

Hall 1.4

Audience/seating area

Athletic facility 0.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.5

Civil service building 1.6 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.6

Convention center 2.1 Conference Center

Multipurpose 1.6

Penitentiary building 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.9

Religious building 3.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines 3.2

Sports arena 0.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.5

Performing arts theatre 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.8

Motion picture theatre 1.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.3

Transportation 1.0 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.0


Comment: Page: 1 Drafting and Accounting baselines were higher W/ft2.

Comment: Page: 1 Drafting and Accounting baselines were higher W/ft2.


Baselines/Guidelines for IECC 2000 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) (See Table below for Sources)

Non-Act 250 Baseline (See Table below for Sources)

Act 250 Guideline and Baseline From IECC 2000 Table 805.4.2

Entire Building

Entire Building Tenant Area or

Portion Entire Building

Tenant Area or Portion

Auditorium NA 1.6 NA 1.6

Bank/financial institution NA 2.6 NA 2.0

Classroom/lecture NA 1.8 NA 1.6

Convention, conference, meeting center NA 1.6 NA 1.5

Corridor, restroom, support area NA 0.8 NA 0.8

Dining NA 2.2 NA 1.4

Exercise center 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1

Exhibition hall NA 3.3 NA 3.3

Grocery store 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.1

Gymnasium playing surface NA 1.9 NA 1.9

Hotel function NA 2.4 NA 2.4

Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling ht NA 2.1 NA 2.1

Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling ht NA 3.0 NA 3.0

Kitchen NA 2.2 NA 2.2

Library 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.8

Lobby, hotel NA 1.9 NA 1.9

Lobby, other NA 1.8 NA 1.0

Mall, arcade, atrium NA 1.8 NA 1.4

Medical and clinical care 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Museum 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Office 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5

Religious worship 2.2 3.2 2.2 3.2

Restaurant 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.7

Retail sales, wholesale showroom 2.7 2.1 1.9 2.1

School 1.5 NA 1.5 NA

Storage, industrial and commercial 1.2 1.4 0.6 1.0

Theaters, motion picture 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0

Theater, performance 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.5

Other 0.6 1.0 0.6 1.0


Non-Act 250 Baseline for IECC 2000 Categories Source for Lighting Power Density

Entire Building

Source for Baseline

Tenant Area or Portion of Building Source for Baseline

Auditorium NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Bank/financial institution NA Banking Activity Area

Classroom/lecture NA Classroom/Lecture Hall

Convention, conference, meeting center NA Conference/Meeting Room

Corridor, restroom, support area NA

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for Corridor, General)

Dining NA

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for Dining Area, Family)

Exercise center Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines

Exhibition hall NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Grocery store Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines

Gymnasium playing surface NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Hotel function NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling ht NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling ht NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Kitchen NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Library Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines

Lobby, hotel NA Vt 2001 Guidelines

Lobby, other NA

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999

for Lobby, General).

Mall, arcade, atrium NA

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRE 1999

for Retail Buildings, Mall Concourse)

Medical and clinical care Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines

Museum Vt 2001 Guidelines Museum General Exhibition

Office Offices Reading, Typing, Filing Avg Office 2 &3

Religious worship Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines

Restaurant Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 Dining, Family)

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999

Dining, Family)

Retail sales, wholesale showroom Retail Vt 2001 Guidelines

School Vt 2001 Guidelines NA

Storage, industrial and commercial Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for

Warehouse)

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999, Storage Buildings, Warehouse, Fine

Material and Medium/Bulky Material Storage)

Theaters, motion picture Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for

Motion Picture Theater)

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999, Theater Buildings, Performing Arts,

Audience/Seating Area)

Theater, performance Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for Performing Arts Theater)

Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for Performing Arts Theater)

Other Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines


Baselines/Guidelines for Exterior Lighting

Application Non-Act 250 Baseline Act 250 Guideline and

Baseline * Building entrance with canopy or free standing canopy

4 W/ft2 of canopied area 3 W/ft2 of canopied area

Building entrance without canopy 33 W/lin ft of door width 33 W/lin ft of door width

Building exit 25 W/lin ft of door width 20 W/lin ft of door width

Building facades 0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated façade area

0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated façade area

* Act 250 Guidelines from ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.2

Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type Building Type Annual Hours

Office 3,435

Restaurant 4,156

Retail 3,068


Warehouse 2,388


College 5,010

Health 3,392

Hospital 4,532

Hotel/Motel 2,697

Manufacturing 3,500

Source: From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.


Transformer End Use

Energy Star Transformers Measure Number: I-D-1-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Transformer End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 31 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD EVT Measure Code: ZZZTRANS Description Low-voltage, 3-phase, dry-type transformers where the primary voltage is 480/277 Volt, and the secondary voltage is 208/120V. Utility-owned transformers are not eligible. All transformers must include an ENERGY STAR® label (TP-1). Algorithms Demand Savings

∆kW = kWcore losses + kWwinding losses Energy Savings

∆kWh = (kWcore losses + kWwinding losses) × 8760 Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) kWcore losses = Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations kWwinding losses = Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) 8760 = hours per year

Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline transformers are 150 degree C rise units. Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings

Calculations for baseline transformer wattage. High Efficiency EPA EnergyStar® labeled transformers (TP-1). Refer to the table titled ENERGY STAR

®/TP-1 Minimum

Transformer Efficiencies. Operating Hours 8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year Loadshape Loadshape #42, Transformer



Measure Category Other

Measure Code ZZZTRANS

Product Description Transformer, efficient


Act250 NC 6014A250 1*0.95=0.95 1
















Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings Calculations for efficient transformer incremental costs. Incentive Level See Transformer Savings Calculations table below. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetimes Lifetime = 30 years


Reference Tables

Transformer Savings Calculations

Transformer Size (KVA)

Baseline Core Loss

(Watts)

Baseline Winding

Loss (Watts)

Energy Star Core Loss

(Watts)

Energy Star Winding

Loss (Watts)

Demand Savings (Watts)

Incremental Cost

Incentive Level

15.0 236 12 90 13 145 $495 $250

30.0 292 26 141 23 154 $548 $275

45.0 359 35 180 36 181 $756 $400

75.0 548 52 288 46 266 $856 $450

112.5 832 57 377 61 451 $960 $500

150.0 925 84 435 81 493 $1,313 $700

225.0 1321 104 662 98 665 $2,377 $1,200

300.0 1398 133 850 99 583 $3,000 See note 6

500.0 2000 157 1055 159 942 $4,250 See note

6 Notes: 1. Tabulated Values for 15 to 225 KVA sizes developed for the NYSERDA Transformer Comparison Calculator

(CD Version) by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of Waltham, MA. Prepared for the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, May 2001.

2. Tabulated Values for 300 to 500 KVA sizes taken from a study developed by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of Waltham, MA. Prepared for the Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships, Inc. December 17, 1999.

3. Baseline values refer to 150 degree C rise units.

4. In the 1999 NEEP study, Cadmus metered 89 dry type transformers at 43 facilities and measured an average load on the transformers of 15.9% of the nameplate capacity, with 95% confidence that the transformers will be between 13 and 18% loaded. Winding losses are evaluated at a transformer load of 16%.

5. For 15 to 225 KVA, only dry type transformers that meet NEMA TP 1-1996 are eligible for an incentive (equivalent to the EPA EnergyStar® Guidelines).

6. Prescriptive incentives are not offered for transformers over 300 KVA. Custom incentives may be available.

ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum Transformer Efficiencies

Transformer Size (KVA)

ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum Efficiency

15.0 97.0%

30.0 97.5%

45.0 97.7%

75.0 98.0%

112.5 98.2%

150.0 98.3%

>=225.0 98.5% Notes:

1. Efficiencies are measured at 75 degree C and at 35% of nameplate load. 2. Efficiencies must be reported using linear loads.


Refrigeration End Use

Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines Measure Number: I-E-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Description The VendingMiser is an energy control device for refrigerated vending machines. Using an occupancy sensor, during times of inactivity the VendingMiser turns off the machine’s lights and duty cycles the compressor based on the ambient air temperature. The VendingMiser is applicable for conditioned indoor installations. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = 1,635 Where:

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure 1,635 = 120 Volts x 3.56 Amps x 0.95 Power factor x 8760 hours x 46% savings / 1000 3.56 Amps = Average Ampere loading of 44 sampled indoor vending machines, by Bayview Tech.

46% = Savings based on average of 6 different independent lab tests of VendingMiser.

Demand Savings N/A Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Baseline Efficiencies The Baseline is a soft-drink vending machine without a VendingMiser device (typical usage of 3555 kWh). Operating Hours 8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors

Source: Loadshape for savings occurring from 8 PM to 6 AM, seven days a week, 12 months per year (percentages calculated in spreadsheet file named <Vending_miser_loadshape_calc.xls>).

% of annual kWh



Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Vending Miser #43

6.6% 26.5% 9.6% 57.3% 0% 0% 0%


Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is 66.6%. Installed Cost $16058 Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Engineering measure life is 15 years. Adjusted measure lifetime with persistence is 10 years.

58 Price quoted from manufacturer.


Refrigerated Case Covers Measure Number: I-E-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Description By covering refrigerated cases the heat gain due to the spilling of refrigerated air and convective mixing with room air is reduced at the case opening. Strip curtains can be deployed continuously and allow the customer to reach through the curtain to select the product. Strip curtains are not used for low temperature, multi-deck applications. Glass door retrofits are a better choice for these applications. Strip curtains are also not used for coffin-type applications. Estimated Measure Impacts



Average Annual MWh savings per year

Strip Curtains 2.9 5 14.5


∆kW = ( HG × EF × CL) / (EER × 1000) Energy Savings

∆kWh = ∆kW × Usage × 365 Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) HG = Loss of cold air or heat gain for refrigerated cases with no cover (Btu/hr-ft

opening).. The heat gain for multi-deck applications is 760 for medium temperature applications (case temperature 10°F to 40°F) and 610 for high temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to 65°F).59

EF = Efficiency Factor: Fraction of heat gain prevented by case cover. The Efficiency Factor for strip curtains is 0.65. 60

CL = Refrigerated case length in feet (ft). Case length is the open length of the refrigerated box. If the unit is two sided use the open length of both sides. Collected from prescriptive form.

EER = Compressor efficiency (Btu/hr-watt). The average compressor efficiency (EER) is 11.95 for medium temperature applications (case temperature 10°F to 40°F) and 18.5 for high temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to 65°F). 61

1000 = Conversion from watts to kW (W/kW).

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)

59 Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92. 60 Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92. 61 Average EER values were calculated as the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies, using a typical condensing temperature of 90°F and saturated suction temperatures (SST) of 20°F for medium temperature applications and 45°F for high temperature applications.


Usage = Average hours per day that case cover is in place (hrs/day). Assume 24 hrs/day for strip curtains.

365 = (days/yr)

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a refrigerated case without a cover. High Efficiency High efficiency is a refrigerated case with a strip curtain. Operating Hours Assume that case covers are in place 24 hrs/day for strip.

Source: Strip curtain uses the same energy distribution as the previously-developed commercial refrigeration loadshape in Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Coincident factors for strip curtains are set at 100% since the calculated kW savings is an average for every hour. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Strip curtains: 4 years Measure Cost Typically installation costs are approximately $15/ft of case. Incentive Level 40% of installation costs or $6/ft of case. O&M Cost Adjustments Strip curtains require regular cleaning -- $8.60/yr/ft (1 minute/foot every two weeks at $20/hr). Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Strip Curtain (#67)

19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%


Refrigeration Economizer Measure Number: I-E-6-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Economizer Calc.xls>, Description Economizers save energy in walk-in coolers by bringing in outside air when it is sufficiently cool, rather than operating the compressor. Estimated Measure Impacts




Economizers 6 10 60


∆kW = ∆kWh / Hours Energy Savings

∆kWh = [HP × kWhCond] + [((kWEvap × nFans) – kWCirc) × Hours × FC × DCComp × BF] –

[kWEcon × DCEcon × Hours] Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) HP = Horsepower of Compressor kWhCond = Condensing unit savings, per hp. (value from savings table in Reference

Tables section of this measure write-up) Hours = Number of annual hours that economizer operates. 2,996 hrs based on 38° F

cooler setpoint, Burlington VT weather data, and 5 degree economizer deadband.

DCComp = Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)62 kWEvap = Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW)63 kWCirc = Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)64. nFans = Number of evaporator fans FC = Fan control factor (FC = 1 with fan controls, and FC = 0 without fan controls). DCEcon = Duty cycle of the economizer fan on days that are cool enough for the

economizer to be working (Assume 63%)65.

62 A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Travers (35%-65%), Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall duty factor. 63 Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts. 64 Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol. 65 Average of two manufacturer estimates of 50% and 75%.


BF = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from running the evaporator fan less or (1.3)66.

kWEcon = Connected load kW of the economizer fan (Average 0.227 kW)67.

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a walk-in refrigeration system without an economizer. High Efficiency High efficiency is a walk-in refrigeration system with an outside air economizer. Operating Hours The economizer is expected to operate for 2,996 hours per year, based on 38° F Cooler Setpoint, Burlington VT weather data, and a 5 degree economizer deadband. This will replace 1,498 hours of compressor run time and, if fan controls are present, 1,498 hours of evaporator fan run time. Loadshape Refrigeration Economizer #66. Source: The energy distribution and Fall/Spring coincident factor is derived from Burlington, Vermont temperature bin data. See file <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Assume summer coincidence is 0%, since the summer peak occurs during the hottest time of the year. Assume winter coincidence is 100%, because the winter peak is driven by the coldest weather. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years Measure Cost The installation cost for an economizer is $2,558.68 Incentive Level 50% of installation costs or $1,250 per economizer. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.

66 Bonus factor (1+ 1/3.5) assumes COP of 3.5, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with a Saturated Suction Temperature of 20°F and a condensing temperature of 90°F. 67 The 227 watts for an economizer is calculated from the average of three manufacturers: Freeaire (186 Watts), Cooltrol (285 Watts), and Natural Cool (218 Watts). 68 Based on average of costs from Freeaire, Natural Cool, and Cooltrol economizer systems.


Reference Tables

Condensing Unit kWh Savings, per HP, from Economizer

Calculated Using 'Economizer Calc.xls'

Hermetic/

Semi-

Hermetic Scroll Discus

kWh / HP 1,256 1,108 1,051

Assumptions:

1. 5 HP Compressor data used, based on average compressor size.

2. No floating head pressure controls installed.

3. Outdoor Compressor Installation


Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators Measure Number: I-E-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program

Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002. Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. Description The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in refrigerator with solid doors, typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in, roll-in/through and pass-through commercial refrigerators. Beverage merchandisers – a special type of reach-in refrigerator with glass doors – are not included in this characterization. Estimated Measure Impacts




Reach-in Refrigerator

0.8 15 12.0


∆kW = ∆kWh / FLH Energy Savings

∆kWh = value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up (varies by size and efficiency tier)

Where:


∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) FLH = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a reach-in refrigerator less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section. High Efficiency A high efficiency reach-in refrigerator can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY STAR specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification. Operating Hours The refrigerator is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.69

69 Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants


Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years70 Measure Cost Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial refrigerators is relatively small71. For analysis purposes, the incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door Incentive Level Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of the total equipment cost).72 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door. O&M Cost Adjustments No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient refrigerators. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables

70 The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in refrigerator at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for

Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. 71 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A

Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002 72 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Commercial Refrigeration (#14)

19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 59.5% 85.8% 63.4%


Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and

Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold.

Note: V= internal volume Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and

Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.10, Table 7.

Savings for Reach-In Refrigerators meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications

Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base Case

Internal Volume (cubic feet)

Annual Energy Use of Average

Base Case Model (kWh/year)

ENERGY STAR (Tier 1)

Tier 2

20 to 32 cf (one door) 2,102 563 1,179

33 to 60 cf (two door) 3,197 826 1,774

61 to 80 cf (three door) 4,292 1,088 2,370

CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators

Tier Description of Specification Maximum Energy Use (kWh/day)

1 ENERGY STAR 0.10 V + 2.04

2 ENERGY STAR + 40% 0.06 V + 1.22


Commercial Reach-In Freezer Measure Number: I-E-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program

Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002. Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. Description The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in freezer with solid doors, typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in, roll-in/through and pass-through commercial freezers. Estimated Measure Impacts




Reach-in Freezer 0.7 15 10.5



∆kWh = value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up (varies by number of doors and efficiency tier)

Where:



Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a reach-in freezer less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section. High Efficiency A high efficiency reach-in freezer can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY STAR specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification. Operating Hours The freezer is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.73



Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years74 Measure Cost Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial freezers is relatively small75. For analysis purposes, the incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door. Incentive Level Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of the total equipment cost).76 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door. O&M Cost Adjustments No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient freezers. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.

74 The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in freezer at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for


Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002 76 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak



19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 59.5% 85.8% 63.4%


Reference Tables

Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and

Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold.

Note: V= internal volume Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and


Savings for Reach-In Freezers meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications

Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base Case

Internal Volume (cubic feet)

Annual Energy Use of Average

Base Case Model (kWh/year)

ENERGY STAR (Tier 1)

Tier 2

20 to 32 cf (one door) 4,319 511 1,654

33 to 60 cf (two door) 7,805 669 2,810

61 to 80 cf (three door) 11,292 827 3,966

CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators

Tier Description of Specification Maximum Energy Use (kWh/day)

1 ENERGY STAR 0.40 V + 1.38

2 ENERGY STAR + 30% 0.28 V + 0.097


Commercial Ice-makers Measure Number: I-E-5-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program

Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002. Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. <Icemakers.xls> Description A typical ice-maker consists of a case, insulation, refrigeration system, and a water supply system. They are used in hospitals, hotels, food service, and food preservation. Energy-savings for ice-makers can be obtained by using high-efficiency compressors and fan motors, thicker insulation, and other measures. CEE has developed 2 efficiency thresholds – Tiers 1 and 2. Tier 2 units are not currently available, but more efficient models have been developed that are expected to be on the market soon. Estimated Measure Impacts




Ice-maker 0.3 15 4.5



∆kWh = value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up (varies by type, capacity and efficiency tier)

Where:



Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is an ice-maker less efficient than CEE Tier 1. See the average baseline energy use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section. High Efficiency A high efficiency ice-maker can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those approximately meeting the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) specifications, or Tier 2 – those 20% more efficient than Tier 1. Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification. Operating Hours The ice-maker is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.77



Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years78 Measure Cost Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial ice-makers is relatively small79. For analysis purposes, the incremental cost for Tier 1 is assumed to be $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day, $45 for 200 to 400 lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater than 600 lbs/day. These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE. Incentive Level Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are similar to the incentives suggested by ACEEE.80 For Tier 1, the incentive is $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day, $45 for 200 to 400 lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater than 600 lbs/day. If equipment exceeding the Tier 2 specification becomes commercially available, it may still receive the incentive for exceeding Tier 1, but to avoid customer confusion, separate higher incentives for Tier 2 will not be offered until these units appear on the market. O&M Cost Adjustments No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient ice-makers. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions While there is a maximum water use threshold in the CEE criteria, it is primarily meant to ensure that energy-efficiency is not gained at the expense of increasing water usage. The water threshold is met by

78 The following report estimates life of a commercial ice-maker at 7-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for


Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002 80 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak



19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 59.5% 85.8% 63.4%


75% of the ice-makers currently on the market.81 Therefore, no change in water consumption is assumed for analysis purposes. Reference Tables

Unit Type and Capacity (lbs. of ice/24 hours)

Annual Energy Use of Average Base Case Model (kWh/year)

Annual Energy Use of Average Tier 1 Model

(kWh/year)

Average Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base Case for Tier 1

Air Cooled

<200 2,021 1,887 134

200 to 400 3,680 3,243 437

401 to 600 4,906 4,480 427

> 600 6,531 5,870 661

Water Cooled

<200 1,620 1,412 208

200 to 400 2,835 2,546 289

401 to 600 4,077 3,465 612

> 600 5,381 4,572 809

Base case energy use extrapolated from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis (Packaged Commercial

Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 11). Analysis of Tier 1 models currently on the market indicates that they are on average 6% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold. Tier 1 savings assume average qualifying model is 4% better than the qualifying threshold (as a conservative estimate) and that the average unit operates at 40% of capacity. Savings for Tier 2 are not included because at this time there are no Tier 2 models on the market. See spreadsheet <Icemakers.xls> for actual calculation of average savings.

81 Ibid., p. 14.

Savings for Ice-makers meeting CEE Tier 1 Specifications


Note: H= harvest rate in lbs/day Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and


CEE Specifications for Ice-Makers

Harvest Rate (100 lbs of ice/24 hrs)

Tier Corresponding Base Specification

Max. Daily Energy Use (kWh/100 lbs of ice)

Max. Daily Water Use (gallons/100 lbs of ice)

Ice-Making Heads (Water Cooled)

1 Approx. FEMP 7.80 – 0.0055H 200 – 0.022H < 500 lbs/day

2 20% below Tier 1 6.24 – 0.0044H 200 – 0.022H

1 Approx. FEMP 5.58 – 0.0011H 200 – 0.022H ≥ 500 lbs/day

2 20% below Tier 1 4.46 – 0.0008H 200 – 0.022H

Ice-Making Heads (Air Cooled)

1 Approx. FEMP 10.26 – 0.0086H Not Applicable < 450 lbs/day

2 20% below Tier 1 8.21 – 0.0069H Not Applicable

1 Approx. FEMP 6.89 – 0.0011H Not Applicable ≥ 450 lbs/day


Remote-Condensing (Air Cooled)



1 Approx. FEMP 5.10 Not Applicable ≥ 1000 lbs/day

2 20% below Tier 1 4.08 Not Applicable

Self-Contained (Water Cooled)

1 Approx. FEMP 11.40 – 0.0190H 191 – 0.0315H < 200 lbs/day

2 20% below Tier 1 9.12 – 0.0152H 191 – 0.0315H

1 Approx. FEMP 7.60 191 – 0.0315H ≥ 200 lbs/day

2 20% below Tier 1 6.08 191 – 0.0315H

Self-Contained (Air Cooled)



1 Approx. FEMP 9.80 Not Applicable ≥ 175 lbs/day

2 20% below Tier 1 7.84 Not Applicable


Evaporator Fan Motor Controls Measure Number: I-E-7-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Description Walk-in cooler evaporator fans typically run all the time; 24 hrs/day, 365 days/yr. This is because they must run constantly to provide cooling when the compressor is running, and to provide air circulation when the compressor is not running. However, evaporator fans are a very inefficient method of providing air circulation. Each of these fans uses more than 100 watts. Installing an evaporator fan control system will turn off evaporator fans while the compressor is not running, and instead turn on an energy-efficient 35 watt fan to provide air circulation, resulting in significant energy savings. Estimated Measure Impacts




Evap Fan Control 2.6 20 52


∆kW = ((kWEvap × nFans ) – kWCirc ) × (1-DCComp) × DCEvap × BF Energy Savings

∆kWh = ∆kW × 8760 Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) kWEvap = Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW)82 nFans = Number of evaporator fans kWCirc = Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)83. DCComp = Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)84 DCEvap = Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer)85 BF = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing the evaporator fan with

a lower wattage circulating fan when the compressor is not running (1.5 for low temp, 1.3 for medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp)86

82 Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts. 83 Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol. 84 A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Traverse (35%-65%), Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall duty factor. 85 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day) 86 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F. .


∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) 8760 = (hours/year)

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a refrigeration system without an evaporator fan control. High Efficiency High efficiency is a refrigeration system with an evaporator fan control and a smaller wattage circulating fan. Operating Hours The evaporator fan run time without a fan control is 8760 hours per year. With a fan control the evaporator fan would be replaced with a smaller wattage fan for 50% of the time, or 4380 hours per year.

Source: Derived from the standard refrigeration loadshape, with a 50% reduction in run time. See file <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years Measure Cost The installation cost for a fan control is $2,254.87 Incentive Level 25% of installation costs or $550 per fan control. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables

87 Based on average of costs from Freeaire and Cooltrol fan control systems.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Evaporator Fan Control (#68)

26.7% 14.0% 24.1% 35.2% 60.6% 37.7% 49.1%


None


Permanent Split Capacitor Motor Measure Number: I-E-8-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Description Cooler or freezer evaporator fan boxes typically contain two to six evaporator fans that run nearly 24 hours each day, 365 days each year. Not only do these fans use electricity, but the heat that each fan generates must also be removed by the refrigeration system to keep the product cold, adding more to the annual electricity costs. If the cooler or freezer has single-phase power, the electricity usage can be reduced by choosing permanent split capacitor (PSC) motors instead of conventional, shaded-pole motors. Estimated Measure Impacts




Permanent Split Capacitor Motor

0.55 50 27.5


∆kW = (kWSP – kWPSC ) × DCEvap × BF Energy Savings


∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) kWSP = Connected load kW of a shaded pole evaporator fan (Average 0.132 kW) 88 kWPSC = Connected load kW of a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan (0.088kW)89 DCEvap = Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer)90 BF = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing a shaded-pole

evaporator fan with a lower wattage PSC fan (1.5 for low temp, 1.3 for medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp)91


Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is shaded pole evaporator fan motor.

88 Based on metered data from R.H. Travers. 89 Wattage of 1.1 Amp motor at 120 V, with 65% load factor. 90 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day) 91 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F.


High Efficiency High efficiency is a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan motor. Operating Hours A cooler evaporator fan runs all the time or 8760 hours per year. A freezer evaporator fan runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day). The smaller number of hours for freezer

fan run time is captured in the duty cycle factor in the ∆kW calculation, so that 100% coincidence factors may be applied to both applications.

Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years Measure Cost The incremental cost of a PSC fan motor compared to a shaded-pole fan motor is $125.92 Retrofit cost for a PSC fan motor is $235 ($175 for the motor, $60 for installation labor including travel time). Incentive Level $75 or 60% of the incremental cost at the time of replacement and 32% of the full installed retrofit cost.. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None

92 Based on personal communications with Ken Hodgdon of Natural Cool ($125) and Kevan Mayer of Blodgett Supply ($120).



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Flat (#25) 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%


Zero-Energy Doors Measure Number: I-E-9-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Description Cooler or freezer reach-ins with glass doors typically have electric resistance heaters installed within the door frames. Refrigerator door manufacturers include these resistance heaters to prevent condensation from forming on the glass, blocking the customer’s view, and to prevent frost formation on door frames. Zero-energy doors may be chosen in place of standard cooler and freezer doors. These doors consist of two or three panes of glass and include a low-conductivity filler gas (e.g., Argon) and low-emissivity glass coatings. This system keeps the outer glass warm and prevents external condensation. Manufacturers can provide information on how well these systems work with “respiring” products. Estimated Measure Impacts




Zero-energy doors 0.8 80 64


∆kW = kWdoor × BF Energy Savings


∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) kWdoor = Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater

(cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 93 BF = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the

door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp)94


Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation.

93 Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W). 94 Bonus factor (1+ 0.65/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65% of heat generated by door enters the refrigerated case.


High Efficiency High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door that prevents condensation with multiple pains of glass, inert gas, and low-e coatings instead of using electrically generated heat. Operating Hours 8760 hours per year

Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years95 Measure Cost The incremental cost of a zero energy door is estimated at $275 for coolers and $800 for freezers.96 Incentive Level $125 or 45% of the incremental cost for a cooler door and $300 or 38% of the incremental cost for a freezer door. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None

95 The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for

Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. 96 Based on manufacturers cost data and EVT project experience.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Flat (#25) 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%


Door Heater Controls Measure Number: I-E-10-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls> Description Another option to zero-energy doors – that is also effective on existing reach-in cooler or freezer doors – is “on-off” control of the operation of the door heaters. Because relative humidity levels differ greatly across the United States, a door heater in Vermont needs to operate for a much shorter season than a door heater in Florida. By installing a control device to turn off door heaters when there is little or no risk of condensation, one can realize energy and cost savings. There are two strategies for this control, based on either (1) the relative humidity of the air in the store or (2) the “conductivity” of the door (which drops when condensation appears). In the first strategy, the system activates your door heaters when the relative humidity in your store rises above a specific setpoint, and turns them off when the relative humidity falls below that setpoint. In the second strategy, the sensor activates the door heaters when the door conductivity falls below a certain setpoint, and turns them off when the conductivity rises above that setpoint. Estimated Measure Impacts




Door heater controls

3.5 20 70


∆kW = kWdoor × Ndoor × BF Energy Savings

∆kWh = ∆kW × 8760 × ES Where:

∆kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) kWdoor = Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater

(cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 97 Ndoor = Number of doors controlled by sensor BF = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the

door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp)98

∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)

97 Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W). 98 Bonus factor assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65% of heat generated by door enters the refrigerated case (1+ 0.65/COP).


8760 = (hours/year) ES = Percent annual energy savings (55% for humidity-based control99, 70% for

conductivity-based control100)

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation. High Efficiency High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door with either a humidity-based or conductivity-based door-heater control. Operating Hours Door heaters operate 8760 hours per year.

Source: Based on assumption that the door heater savings will occur when the interior humidity levels are lowest – primarily the winter months, with declining savings during the fall and spring. See <Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls> Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years101 Measure Cost The cost for humidity-based control is $300 for a complete circuit, regardless of the number of doors. The cost for conductivity-based control is $200 per door. Incentive Level $150 or 50% of the cost for a humidity-based control and $100 per door or 50% of the cost for a conductivity-based control. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.

99 R.H.Travers’ estimate of savings. 100 Door Miser savings claim. 101 The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for

Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Door Heater Control (#69)

35.7% 17.9% 22.1% 24.3% 100.0% 0.0% 88.9%


Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None


Discus and Scroll Compressors Measure Number: I-E-11-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls> Description Discus Technology involves using effective gas and oil flow management through valving that provides the best operating efficiency in the range of the compressor load. This eliminates capillary tubes typically used for lubrication, that also offers maximum compressor protection as well as environmental integrity. Discus retainers inside the cylinder also improve efficiency and lower sound levels. Reducing discharge pulsation levels by 20% over older reed models accomplishes this. The discus action is similar to a piston in the car engine. There is a moving reed action in the top part of the piston, which decreases lost gas from escaping. This leads to the effective gas utilization mentioned above. Because of the close tolerance maintained by this discus retainer to the top of the compressor structure, the fluid loss is minimized and adds to efficiency, however this same tight tolerance requires completely particle free fluid to pass through it. The discus compressor offers a rated compressor efficiency rating, expressed in EER, that is significantly higher than the standard reciprocating type compressor, therefore leading to significant annual energy savings. Scroll Technology involves using two identical, concentric scrolls, one inserted within the other. One scroll remains stationary as the other orbits around it. This movement draws gas into the compression chamber and moves it through successively smaller pockets formed by the scroll’s rotation, until it reaches maximum pressure at the center of the chamber. At this point, the required discharge pressure has been achieved. There, it is released through a discharge port in the fixed scroll. During each orbit, several pockets are compressed simultaneously, making the operation continuous. Scroll compressors generally have slightly lower efficiency ratings than do discus compressors, particularly in lower temperature applications, but are nevertheless significantly more efficient than standard reciprocating compressors. Estimated Measure Impacts




Compressor 1.5 10 15



∆kWh = kWhHP × HP Where:



∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) FLH = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours). kWhHP = kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this

measure write-up) HP = Compressor horsepower.

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a standard hermetic or semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor. High Efficiency A high efficiency compressor for this write-up is either a discus or scroll compressor. Operating Hours The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, but because of compressor cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.102

Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Discuss and Scroll compressors have lifetimes of 13 years. A baseline compressor has a shorter lifetime of 10 years. Measure Cost Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables section below. Incentive Level Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables section below. O&M Cost Adjustments Standard compressors are assumed to require $325/year for maintenance (2.5 hours twice per year at $65/hour), compared to $97.5/year (1.5 hours) for scroll compressors and $65/year (1 hour) for discus compressors.




Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak



19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 59.5% 85.8% 63.4%


The maintenance costs for standard semi-hermetic or hermetic compressors are primarily associated with cleaning the condenser and repairing leaks that are caused by the "slugging" of the liquid refrigerant in the line. The slugging hammers the refrigeration piping and joints become undone and leak. The maintenance costs associated with Scroll compressors are due to adjustment of onboard mechanical valves and cleaning the condenser. The maintenance costs associated with Discus compressors are simply to check out the moving reed action internal to the compressor and check the refrigerant fluid for particles. There are no other moving parts in the Discus that require maintenance. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Compressor kWh Savings Per Horsepower

Temperature Range Compressor Type

Low Temperature (-35°F to -5°F SST)

(Ref. Temp -20°F SST)

Medium Temperature (0°F to 30°F SST)

(Ref. Temp 20°F SST)

High Temperature (35°F to 55°F SST)


Discus 517 601 652

Scroll 208 432 363

Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>.

Compressor Costs and Incentives

Size (HP)

Baseline Cost

Discus Cost

Discus Incremental

Cost

Discus Incentive ($125/HP)

Scroll Cost

Scroll Incremental

Cost

Scroll Incentive

($110/HP)

2 $4,790 NA NA NA $5,270 $480 $220

3 $5,300 $5,950 $650 $375 $5,830 $530 $330

4 $6,400 $7,165 $765 $500 $7,040 $640 $440

5 $7,500 $8,400 $900 $625 $8,250 $750 $550

6 $11,090 $12,420 $1,330 $750 $12,200 $1,110 $660

7.5 $16,480 $18,458 $1,980 $938 $18,128 $1,650 $825

10 $19,800 $22,176 $2,375 $1,250 $21,780 $1,980 $1,100


Floating Head Pressure Control Measure Number: I-E-12-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls> Description Installers conventionally design a refrigeration system to condense at a set pressure-temperature setpoint, typically 90 degrees. By installing a “floating head pressure control” condenser system, the refrigeration system can change condensing temperatures in response to different outdoor temperatures. This means that as the outdoor temperature drops, the compressor will not have to work as hard to reject heat from the cooler or freezer. Estimated Measure Impacts




Floating Head Pressure Control

2 20 40



∆kWh = kWhHP × HP Where:


∆kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) FLH = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours). kWhHP = kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this

measure write-up) HP = Compressor horsepower.

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a refrigeration system without floating head pressure control. High Efficiency High efficiency is a refrigeration system with floating head pressure control. Operating Hours The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, while savings from floating head pressure control are expected to occur when the temperature outside is below 75 degrees F, or 8125 hours. However, due to varied levels of savings at different outdoor temperatures, the full load hours are assumed to be 7221 hours. See <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.


Source: Calculated from hours during which outside temperatures are below 75 degrees F. See <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Measure Cost Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables section below. Incentive Level Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables section below. Incentive not offered for compressors less than 1.5 HP. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.



Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Floating Head Pressure Control (#70)

23.7% 12.0% 29.9% 34.4% 100.0% 0.0% 53.7%


Reference Tables Floating Head Pressure Control kWh Savings Per Horsepower

Temperature Range Compressor Type

Low Temperature (-35°F to -5°F SST)

(Ref. Temp -20°F SST)

Medium Temperature (0°F to 30°F SST)


High Temperature (35°F to 55°F SST)


Standard Reciprocating 695 727 657

Discus 607 598 694

Scroll 669 599 509

Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>.

Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives

Number of Evaporators

Incremental Cost

Incentive

1 $518 $250

2 $734 $375

3 $984 $500

4 $1,233 $650


Compressed Air End Use

Compressed Air – Non-Controls Measure Number: I-F-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 15 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Description Measures other than controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis Demand Savings

∆kW = ∆kWh / HOURS Where:


HOURS = hours of operation (see operating hours section). ∆kW = gross customer kW savings for the measure

Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Operating Hours Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays) 2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays) 3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays) 4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down time) Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors


Freeridership 5% CEO Non-Act 250 10% CIEM 0% Act 250 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Installed Cost Site specific. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Varies by measure. Leak reduction measure lifetime is 1 year.

% of annual kWh


Operating Schedule

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak

Winter1 Summer1 Fall/Spring1

1-shift (8/5) #44 33.2% 0.0% 66.8% 0.0% 39.7% 66.7% 39.7%

2-shift (16/5) #45 31.1% 2.1% 62.7% 4.2% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4%

3-shift (24/5) #46 22.1% 11.1% 44.6% 22.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4%

4-shift (24/7) #47 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named <compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts. 1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods, the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period, the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours.


Compressed Air – Controls Measure Number: I-F-2-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 15 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Description Controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings


∆kW = kW × SVG Where:


SVG = savings as a % of kW. SVG = 22%103. kW = average diversified kW compressor load controlled. ∆kW = gross customer kW savings for the measure

Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Operating Hours Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays) 2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays) 3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays) 4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down time)

103 Average kW savings from examination of 15 audited projects.


Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors

Freeridership 5% CEO Non-Act 250 10% CIEM 0% Act 250 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be 85% as agreed to between DPS and EVT. Installed Cost Site specific. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Engineering Measure Life varies by measure. Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be the 0.85 * the Engineering Measure Life, to adjust for persistence.

% of annual kWh Peak as % of calculated demand

savings kW (CF)

Operating Schedule

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


1-shift (8/5) #44 33.2% 0.0% 66.8% 0.0% 39.7% 66.7% 39.7%

2-shift (16/5) #45 31.1% 2.1% 62.7% 4.2% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4%

3-shift (24/5) #46 22.1% 11.1% 44.6% 22.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4%

4-shift (24/7) #47 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named <compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts. 1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods, the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period, the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours.


Snow Making End Use

Snow Making Measure Number: I-G-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Snow Making End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 10/05/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Measures that reduce snow making energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings


∆kW = kW calculated on a site-specific basis × IRF Where:


∆kW = gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure IRF = interruptible rate adjustment factor. Equals 0.50 for customers on interruptible rate; 1.0

for customers on non-interruptible rates. Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Operating Hours Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Calculated on a site-specific basis

% of annual kWh


Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Snow Making 44% 44% 2% 10%

Site Specific 0% Site Specific

Source: Energy distribution developed based on typical hours and season of snow making in Vermont. Winter and Fall/Spring coincidence factors will be calculated on a site specific basis depending on the ski areas practices, compressed air capacity, and other factors.


Freeridership 12% Non-Act 250 0% Act 250 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Installed Cost Site specific. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Varies by measure


Monitor Power Management

EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software Measure Number: I-H-1-a (CEO Program, Monitor Power Management End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 18 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) Webber, Carrie, A., et al., Field Surveys of Office Equipment Operating

Patterns, Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, LBNL-46930, September 2001; 2) Kawamoto et al., Electricity Used by Office Equipment and Network

Equipment in the U.S., Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, LBNL-45917, February 2001; 3) EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in

Monitors at US DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000; 4) Excel workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>, developed by Cadmus Group; 5) MPM Calculations.xls Description This measure describes the energy savings associated with office computer monitor power management (MPM) EZ Save software that enables a computer monitor to automatically power-down (i.e., sleep mode feature for the monitor after a period of inactivity).104 EZ Save software is appropriate for organizations with a computer network and an in-house network administrator knowledgeable about network software installations. Energy savings are estimated in this characterization on a per computer basis and aggregrated based on the indicated number of computers to be activated on the software download form. EZ Save is installed on the local server without the need to go to the separate computer stations connected to the network. The energy savings estimated in this characterization are applicable to computers used on average 45 hours per week. Given that not all downloads of EZ Save MPM software will be installed due to the two-step process required by network administrators, we discount total kWh savings by an in-service rate (ISR) factor. Estimated Measure Impacts

Software Type Average Annual MWH Savings per computer

Average number of computers per year


EZ Save Software on an Office Computer

0.03 1000 30

Algorithms

The following ∆kW and ∆kWh is per computer. Demand Savings105

∆kW = (WattsBASE-WattsEE)/1000

∆kW = (85 – 5)/1000 = 0.08 Energy Savings Savings per Week

∆kWh/wk = kWh Use Before MPM Software Installed – kWh Use After MPM Software Installed

104 EVT implementation of this measure will identify intended computer type through the website registration and download requirements. 105 Kawamoto et al. 2001.


The algorithm follows that described by Kawamoto et al. (2001).

∆kWh/wk = (HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+ WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek* PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+ WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000

-Minus- (HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+

WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek* PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+ WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000

(i)

(ii) Annual Savings for Office Computers Using EZ Save MPM Software

∆kWh/wk = ((45*(45*0.56+85*0.44)+123*0.68*(5*0.56+85*0.44))/1000 ) - ((45*(45*1+85*0)+123*0.68*(5*1+85*0))/1000) = 1.604

∆kWh = ∆kWh/wk * 52 weeks/yr* ISR

∆kWh = 1.604 * 52 * 0.33= 27.5 The table below provides the user-inputs for the average office setting using EZ Save MPM software:

Computer Use Parameters Before MPM Effort

After MPM Effort

HoursUsedPerWeek106

45 45

WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM (avg. watts during in-use hours with MPM, weighted avg. of on and sleep mode)107

45

45

PercentEnabled (Proportion of PCs Enabled for Monitor Power Management (MPM))108

56% 100%

WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM (avg. watts during in-use hours with no power management)109

85 85

PercentDisabled (1 – PercentEnabled)110

44% 0%

HoursNotUsedPerWeek (Non-use hours, 168–45=123)

123 123

PercentOnNights (Percent of monitors left on at nights)111

68% 68%

106 Estimated typical office hours of computer use per week (5 days * 9 hours/day) provided by the Cadmus Group. 107 Kawamoto et al. (2001). 108 Source for percent enabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent enabled after MPM is from the Cadmus Group. This enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence factor. 109 Kawamoto et al. (2001). 110 Source for percent disabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent disabled after MPM is from the Cadmus Group. Note, this enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence factor. 111 Webber et al. (2001). EVT Estimates percent of monitors left on at night is the same as before MPM installed.


WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM (avg. watts for monitor in sleep mode)112

5 5

ISR (In-Service Rate) 113

N/A 0.33

Baseline Efficiencies The baseline is a typical organization that has PC workstations enabled for monitor power management at the national average rate of 56%. High Efficiency The high efficiency organization is defined as having PC workstations enabled with monitor power management at a rate of 100%. Operating Hours Operating hours will vary depending on the number of users that turn off monitors after-hours and on weekends, and the number of workstations that are enabled for monitor power management. See input table above for default values.

Source: See calculations in Excel workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>. Peak coincident factor is calculated as the average kW reduction during the peak period compared to the maximum kW savings from enabling the sleep mode. Freeridership 0%. The energy savings estimates already factor in a rate of 56% previous monitor power management, thus savings are based only on units that were not previously enabled. Because EZ Save significantly reduces the cost of enabling MPM, the possibility that an IT department would have manually implemented MPM in the near future without the benefit of EZ Save is very remote. Spillover 0%. There is a large potential for spillover, however data on actual impacts are not available at this time. Many organizations combine a rollout of EZ Save with general energy savings outreach messages to employees such as saving energy through powering down equipment after work. This can lead to a doubling of energy savings. Employees may also carry this message home and set their home computers for MPM. Also word of mouth by IT staffs will lead to additional applications of EZ Save. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be 0.85114

112 Kawamoto et al. (2001). 113 Estimate from David Beavers, Cadmus Group for software downloads requiring a registration form based on previous program implementation evaluations. 114 EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in Monitors at US DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000

Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors

% of annual kWh Savings Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF)

Winter Peak

Winter Off-Peak

Summer Peak

Summer Off-Peak


Computer Office #62

21.2% 11.9% 29.0% 37.9% 25.4% 23.5% 26.3%


Lifetimes115 Engineering lifetime is 2 years based on estimated average existing CPU is two years old upon installation of software. Adjusted measure life is two years times persistence (2*0.85)= 1.7 years. Measure Cost There are no capital expenses for enabling monitor power management on Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000 and XP workstations. Windows NT4 workstations are not suitable for power management options. Network administrator labor cost is estimated at $80 (2 hrs at $40/hr) for installation.116 On average, it is estimated that 25 computers will be activated per EZ Save download. For the purposes of prescriptive screening of the measure cost, the per network download cost is estimated to be $26.40. This is calculated by discounting network download cost by the ISR rate to take into account all of the downloads that are never fully activated, and as such, labor costs are never incurred. ($80*0.33 =$26.40). O&M Cost Adjustments None quantified. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.

115 Kawamoto et al. (2001) estimates computer lifetime of 4 years. EVT estimates the average age of a computer receiving MPM software is two years old. 116 Labor costs for installation will not vary with the number of computers activated.


Multiple End Uses

Multiple Point Control Systems Measure Number: I-I-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Multiple End Uses) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 29 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Description Multiple Point Control Systems (MPCS) are control systems using multiple points of control to improve energy efficiency for building systems such as cooling, heating, lighting, ventilation, and/or other end uses. MPCS may control only a single system or may provide integrated control of several different building systems. Examples include chiller staging controls and integrated building Energy Management Systems (EMS). The description is not intended to include simple setpoint control systems, nor does it apply to any control system specifically described elsewhere in the Technical Reference Manual (e.g., demand controlled ventilation, lighting controls, refrigeration floating head pressure controls, variable frequency drives, etc.). This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = kWh savings calculated on a site-specific basis × OTF Demand Savings

∆kW = kW reduction calculated on a site-specific basis × OTF Where:


∆kW = gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure OTF = Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 when the project undergoes Operational

Testing or commissioning services, 0.80 otherwise. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a building system that does not have a multiple point control system. High Efficiency High efficiency is a building system with a control system that uses multiple points of control to improve the energy efficiency of the system. Operating Hours Calculated on a site-specific basis Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Calculated on a site-specific basis Freeridership/Spillover


The following measure codes include the most common applications for multiple point control systems. Other applications will be coded as custom measures under the applicable end use(s).

Measure Category Air Conditioning

Efficiency Space Heating Efficiency

Measure Code ACECONTR SHECONTR

Product Description Improved Air

Conditioning Controls Improved Space Heating

Controls


Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1

Cust Equip Rpl 6013CUST 0.95 1 0.95 1



Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC 1 117 1 1 118 1

Pres Equip Rpl 6013PRES 0.95 1 0.95 1

C&I Retro 6012CNIR 0.9 1 0.9 1










* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be 90%. Lifetime Engineering Measure Life is 10 years. Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be 0.9 * 10 years = 9 years, to adjust for persistence. Analysis period is the same as the Adjusted Measure Life. Measure Cost Site specific. Incentive Level Site specific. O&M Cost Adjustments Site specific.

117 Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. 118 Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.


Fossil Fuel Descriptions Site specific. Water Descriptions Site specific.


Ventilation End Use

Demand-Controlled Ventilation Measure Number: I-J-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Ventilation End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 29 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Description Demand-controlled ventilation controls the amount of outside ventilation air brought into a building or structure to provide the amount needed for adequate ventilation and no more. This provides energy savings by not cooling or heating unnecessary amounts of outside air, and it provides assurance that sufficient outside air is being supplied for the number of occupants present. The control of the system is most commonly based on levels of specific contaminants, such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, but may also be based on occupancy sensors or turnstile counters. This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings

∆kWh = kWh savings calculated on a site-specific basis × OTF Demand Savings

∆kW = kW reduction calculated on a site-specific basis × OTF Where:


∆kW = gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure OTF = Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 when the project undergoes Operational

Testing or commissioning services, 0.80 otherwise. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a.ventilation system in which the outside air ventilation rate is fixed when the building is occupied, and is generally based on design occupancy. High Efficiency High efficiency is a.ventilation system in which the outside air ventilation rate varies when the building is occupied depending on some measurement of occupancy or air quality, such as concentration of carbon dioxide, so that the ventilation rate is lower than the design ventilation rate when the building is not fully occupied. Operating Hours Calculated on a site-specific basis Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Calculated on a site-specific basis


Freeridership/Spillover

Measure Category Ventilation

Measure Code VNTDEMAN

Product Description Demand-Controlled

Ventilation


Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 =

0.95 * 1




Non Act 250 NC 6014NANC 1 119 1












* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetime 10 years. The analysis period is the same as the measure life. Measure Cost Site specific. Incentive Level Site specific. O&M Cost Adjustments Site specific. Fossil Fuel Descriptions Site specific. Water Descriptions Site specific.

119 Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.


Hot Water End Use

Efficient Hot Water Heater Measure Number: I-K-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 29 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: None Description Fossil-fuel hot water heater. Estimated Measure Impacts




0 N/A 0


∆MMBTU = kBTUSFwload × SF × EFbase × [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000 Where:

∆MMBTU = gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure

kBTUSFwload = annual building water heating energy use in kBtu per building square foot. Refer to the Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type table.

SF = Building square feet EFbase = Baseline water heating equipment efficiency EFeffic = Efficient water heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline

equipment efficiency rating) 1000 = Conversion factor from kBtu to MMBtu.

Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline assumes no electric DHW. If electric is proposed, will calculate as custom measure. If not using residential style, tank-type unit120, then will use custom calculation based on customer-specific plans. The Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the baseline for New Construction. Refer to the tables in the reference tables section. High Efficiency A residential-style hot water heater exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Operating Hours Not applicable

120 Based on NAECA definition: <=75,000 Btu/h for gas, <=105,000 Btu/h for oil.


Loadshapes Not applicable Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category Hot Water Heater

Measure Codes HWRSFOIL, HWRSNGAS, HWRSPROP

Product Description Efficient Hot Water Heater


Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 = 0.95 * 1
















* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Lifetime varies based on equipment. Stand-alone oil: 10 years Stand-alone gas: 13 years Stand-alone kerosene: 15 years Indirect-fired storage tank: 15 years Instantaneous water heater: 13 years Analysis period is dependent on equipment type and consistent with equipment lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific. Incentive Level EVT does not pay incentives for this measure. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions

∆MMBTU = kBTUSFwload × SF × EFbase × [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000


Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.

Reference Tables

Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type

Building Type kBtu per Square Foot of Building Office 6.7

Retail 5.9

Health 15.2

Grocery 14.7

Restaurant 41.0

Warehouse 2.8

Other Site specific Source: Gas DSM and Fuel-Switching Opportunities and Experiences, NYSERDA, Table 4-8. Values used are for upstate New York.


Act 250 Guidelines for Performance of Water-Heating Equipment

Category Type Fuel Input Rating

V T a

(gallons) Input to VT Ratio (Btuh/gal)

Energy Factor b

Thermal Efficiency Et

(percent) Storage Gas <=75,000

Btu/h Alle --- >=0.62-

0.0019V*

---

Instantaneous Gas <=200,000 Btu/he

All --- >=0.62-0.0019V*

---

Storage Oil <=105,000 Btu/h

All --- >=0.59-0.0019V*

---

NAECA-covered water-heating equipment c

Instantaneous Oil <=210,000 Btu/h

All --- >=0.59-0.0019V*

---

All <4,000 --- >= 78%

All <4,000 --- >= 78%

Other water-heating equipmentd

Storage / Instantaneous

Gas / Oil

>155,000

Btu/h

<=155,000 Btu/h <10

>=10 >=4,000 >=4,000

--- >= 80% >= 77%

Notes: a VT is the storage volume in gallons as measured during the standby loss test. For the purposes of eliminating standby loss requirement using the rated volume shown on the rating plate, VT should be no less than 0.95V for gas and oil water heaters and no less than 0.90V for electric water heaters. b V is rated storage volume in gallons as specified by the manufacturer. c Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987. d All except those hot water heaters covered by NAECA. e Applies to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes 20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters with input ranges of 50,000 to 200,000 Btu/h. * Minimum efficiencies marked with an asterisk are established by preemptive federal law and are printed for the convenience of the user.


Space Heating End Use

Efficient Space Heating Equipment Measure Number: I-L-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 29 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel-switching Opportunities and Experiences, 1994, NYPP. Description Fossil fuel space heating equipment. Estimated Measure Impacts




0 N/A 0


∆MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload × SF × ηbase × [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)] Where:

∆MMBTU= gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure

MMBTUSFhload = annual building space heating energy use in MMBTU per square foot = 0.072 (from NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel Switching Opportunities & Experiences, 1994, NYPP estimate for upstate NY, average of offices & retail)

SF = Building heated square feet ηbase = Baseline space heating equipment efficiency ηeffic = Efficient space heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline equipment

efficiency rating) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement If EVT convinces a customer to switch technologies, savings would be calculated based on the baseline efficiency of the technology the customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was intending to install a warm air unit heater and EVT convinced them to install an infrared radiant heater instead, savings would be based on going from a baseline warm air unit heater to the actual infrared radiant heater efficiency. The Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the baseline for New Construction. Refer to the tables in the reference tables section of this characterization. High Efficiency Space heating equipment exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Operating Hours Not applicable


Loadshapes Not applicable Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category Space Heating Equipment

Measure Codes

SHRFPROP, SHRFNGAS, SHRFFOIL, SHRHPROP, SHRHNGAS, SHRHFOIL, SHRBPROP, SHRBNGAS, SHRBFOIL

Product Description Efficient Space Heating Equipment


Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 = 0.95 * 1
















* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Lifetime varies based on equipment type. Boilers: 25 years Furnaces: 20 years Room space heaters: 15 years Analysis period is same as lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific. Incentive Level EVT does not pay incentives for this measure. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions

∆MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload × SF × ηbase × [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)] Water Descriptions


There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables


Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines

Warm Air Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired

< 225,000 BTU 78% AFUE

>225,000 BTU 80.00 % Et

Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired

All Capacities 80.00 % Ec

Warm Air Unit Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired

All Capacities 80.00 % Ec

Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines

Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Minimum Efficiency Requirements

Hot Water 80% AFUE Gas-Fired

Steam 75% AFUE <300,000 Btu/h

Oil-Fired 80% AFUE

Gas-Fired 75% Et >300,000 and <2,500,000 Btu/h Oil-Fired 78% Et

Gas-Fired 80% Ec >2,500,000 Btu/h

Oil-Fired 83% Ec

Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines Boilers, Oil-Fired Residual Minimum Efficiency Requirements

>300,000 and <2,500,000 Btu/h

78% Et

>2,500,000 Btu/h 83% Ec


Envelope Measure Number: I-M-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 29 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor

Determination”

Description Building envelope components with R-values exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Estimated Measure Impacts




0.0475 4 0.1898

Algorithms The savings for windows and glass door assemblies, roof assemblies, above-grade wall assemblies, skylights, and floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space should be calculated using effective whole-assembly R-values and the following algorithms: Energy Savings

∆MMBTU = HDD × 24 × A × [(1/Rbase - 1/Reffic)] / η / 106 Where:

∆MMBTU = gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure HDD = heating degree days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis

(4400 typical HDD for high development areas in Vermont, using 50 degree F base temperature)

24 = hours/day A = area of increased insulation

Rbase = baseline effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value (hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)121 Reffic = efficient effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value (hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)1 η = space heating system efficiency including distribution losses 106 = conversion from BTU to MMBTU

The savings for slab insulation and below-grade walls are calculated on a custom basis with baseline technologies established in the Act 250 Envelope Baseline table. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the baseline for New Construction. Refer to the tables in the reference tables section of this characterization.

121 Effective whole-assembly thermal resistance values are defined as the R-values for the whole assembly calculated according to ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determination”


High Efficiency Building envelope more efficient than the minimum efficiencies in the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Operating Hours Heating degree-days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis. Loadshapes Not applicable Freeridership/Spillover Factors

Measure Category Envelope

Measure Codes TSHNACWL, TSHWINDO, TSHNFNDN

Product Description Efficient Envelope


Act250 NC 6014A250 1 × 0.95 = 0.95 * 1
















* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5% Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 30 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific. Incentive Level EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions