TRANSPORTATION

Transportation

- moving people or things from one place to another. Walking is a form of transportation. So is riding on a horse or a bike, or in a bus, train or car, or even in plane.

Transportation and Travel Evolution

Seven Eras:

Pre-Industrial Travel System Era

• Period before the widespread industrialization in Europe and North America.

• There was a little travel

• No regularly scheduled transportation services

• Only few people had the money and the reason to travel.

• Era of the stagecoach and the wayside-inn.

• Travelers made their own arrangements

Stagecoach

- a four-wheeled vehicle pulled by horses or mules - Invented by JOHN DARLWIN- widely used before the introduction of railway transport- originated in England- most popular mode of transport in BRITAIN in the 17th

- travels 10-15 miles

WAY-SIDE INN

Early- Industrial Travel System Era• Road improvements such as railways, canals and steamship services were brought about due to rapid

industrialization and advances in transportation technology.

• Common carriers; began to offer regularly scheduled transportation services,

• Travel increased because more people who had money travel.

- Richard Trevithick

Robert Fulton, 1807

Mature-Railway System Era

• Railways began to expand there tourist services like accommodation.

• Provided services more aggressively

• Travel agencies and tour operator companies were formed

• Thomas Cook was one of the innovators of this field in UK.

• More people were travelling

THOMAS COOK – England, founded the travel agency

Express- Travel System Era

• Express services increased• Increased the speed of travel and encourages more travel than before

Automobile-Based Travel System Era

• Introduction of Privately owned automobiles

• Pre dominant over other travel modes

• Car ownership boomed in North America

Modern-Tourism Travel System Era

• Era where car ownership continued to grow at a fast rate, mainly at the expense of long-distance rail travel.

• mass tourism emerged

• Introduction of wide bodied jets

• Present Era is one which travelers continue to look to alternative, group oriented of transportation.

Historical Development of Transport System

- The desire to travel is stimulated with the improvement in

transportation.

- before World War I, it took seven days for travelers to go from coast to

coast by steam locomotive.

- by 1950, travelers could compete the journey in two and a half days by

train.

- in 1938, an airplane with the speed of 400 miles an hour made possible

nonstop coast to coast flights of less than eight hours.

- in 1950, travel time from coast to coast was lessened to four hours.

- at present, the Concorde can make a flight in two and a half hours.

Selection of Transportation Mode

the most common reasons are

• Cost/price

• Traveling time

• Safety

• Convenience

• Comfort

• Availability

• Frequency of trips

• Ground services

• Terminal facilities and locations

Status and prestige

Travel by Train

• First train inventor “George

Stephenson”.

• in 1852, three million of Englishmen

boarded the train to see the Great

Exhibition in London.

• became the primary means of

movement with in the United States.

• the popularity of the train lasted only

for a brief period after World War II

when automobile began to gain more

popularity as passenger transportation

mode.

• Safety

• Ability to look out of the train and see its scenery along the route

• Ability to get up and walk around

• Arriving at the destination rested and relaxed

• Personal Comfort

The Negative factors of Rail Travel are:- Slowness in reaching the

destination- Inflexible departure times- Lack of quality in food services

Europeans believed that the train was more efficient form of transportation from city center to city

center on trips up to 300 miles.

The first sensational rail accomplishment after World War II was Japan’s shinkansen or bullet trains which

travel at speeds greater than 140 miles per hour.

Japan has the best railroad system in the world with 26,000 fast and efficient trains scheduled a day.

Japan has plan for trains which travel at speeds of 300 miles per hour. The Japanese rail system is heavily

subsidized by the government.

France has its own super train, the TRES GRANDE VITESSE which travels at a speed of 175 miles per hour between Paris and Lyons and Paris and Marseilles.

Russia has Trans-Siberian Railroad, the longest in the world.

(5,787 miles) links outlying Siberian industrial regions and mining centers with European-Russia. Railroads are important to the Russian company.

Travel by Ship

Preceded travel by train but it was not until the middle of the 19th

century that travel by ocean liners began to become prominent.

Ocean liners were used to provide an important link to passengers among continents.

At present, water transport has two major roles in travel and tourism ---

ferrying and cruising.

Steamship Era• began in 1840• Sir Samuel Cunard, pioneered the first transatlantic-scheduled liner trips.

• era of travel by ships expired late 1960’s, cruise ship took the place of regularly scheduled passenger ships many passengers were converted into cruise ships

• those that were too old or too large were junked or scrapped. Others that had historical value were converted into tourist attractions.

Queen Mary Ship

Cruises are more of a vacation experience than a transportation mode.

Cruises are divided intro three types:

• Short cruises – 1 week or less

• Intermediate cruises – last one to four weeks

• Long cruises – go around the world and take one to three months.

Cruise ship may be divided into large vessels which can

accommodate 180 more passengers and small vessels which can

carry less than 100 passengers. They are called mini-cruises or

ultra yacht.

Caribbean Cruise- world’s largest cruise destination.

Travel by Automobile• Carl Benz of Manheim, Germany: 1885-1886 combined the bicycle and international

combustion engine first creating the first engine consisting an engine chassis and transmission.

• Henry Ford making his own model the “T-Car” built with more technique and massive production. Which we still use his car in the modern day today “ford”

The growth of car ownership necessitated road improvements. The US participated in the act of Road maintenance in 1916.

Growth of industry lead for travelers to travel locally by land with owned automobiles and travel by air with rental in a foreign country.

• Travel by Bus/Motor coach

• Most flexible and economical form of transportation

• Used to carry passengers through the intercity in early 1900.

• Greyhound company – worlds largest privately-owned bus company in the world. Traveled from LA to New York in 5 days.

Bus performs two major roles.

1. Provides a regular schedule for intercity passenger transportation services

2. Provide charter and tour services.

Travel by Air

Had a revolutionary impact on tourism from World War II and

onward.

History of air transportation –

1. Pre-World War ii

2. World War ii

3. Post-World War ii

• is a form of travel in vehicles such as helicopters, hot air

balloons, blimps, gliders, hang gliding, parachuting, airplanes or anything else

that can sustain flight.

• Use of air travel has greatly increased in recent decades - worldwide it

doubled between the mid-1980s and the year 2000.

• can be separated into two general

classifications: national/domestic and international flights. Flights from one

point to another within the same country are called domestic flights. Flights

from a point in one country to a point within a different country are known as

international flights.

With so many people flying around the world, the first type of plane that might come into mind is a passenger or commercial plane. There are many sizes of commercial planes, but they all serve the same purpose of transporting groups of people from location to location