Contents 3

Contents

About This Book................................................................................................................................................ 21Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 21How this book is organized .................................................................................................................................... 23Notational conventions used in this book ........................................................................................................... 24Getting the most from this book ........................................................................................................................... 24About the recommendations made in this book ............................................................................................... 25About the Warning and Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................... 25About your license to use this book ..................................................................................................................... 25Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................................... 26

Getting Started with Mac OS X ............................................................................................................... 27

Installing Leopard ............................................................................................................................................. 28About installing Leopard .......................................................................................................................................... 28

Pre-installation issues and precautions ......................................................................................................... 28Selecting a Leopard installation option ....................................................................................................... 32The author’s Leopard upgrade process ...................................................................................................... 32

Troubleshooting installation .................................................................................................................................... 33Resolving common installation problems ............................................................................................................. 33

Erase and Install is the only available installation option .......................................................................... 33Installer window does not list all expected destination volumes ........................................................... 33

Resolving common post-installation problems ................................................................................................... 33Administrator account changes to Standard account ............................................................................... 33AirPort ceases to function after installing Login and Keychain Update 1.0 ......................................... 34Canon scanners and multifunction inkjet printers cannot scan .............................................................. 34Home folder is missing from the Users folder ........................................................................................... 34Keychain cannot be found alert after upgrade install ................................................................................ 34Keynote presentations do not open ............................................................................................................. 35Setup Assistant appears after every restart ................................................................................................. 35

Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 35

Learning Mac OS X ........................................................................................................................................... 36Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 37

Maintaining Mac OS X .................................................................................................................................... 38Routine maintenance ................................................................................................................................................ 38Maintenance myths .................................................................................................................................................... 38

Upgrades: Planning, Researching, Buying, and Installing ....................................................... 40Planning upgrades ...................................................................................................................................................... 40Researching upgrades ............................................................................................................................................... 41Buying upgrades ......................................................................................................................................................... 41Installing upgrades ..................................................................................................................................................... 42Buying a new Mac ...................................................................................................................................................... 42Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 43

Providing Feedback .......................................................................................................................................... 44

Contents 4

Prevention and Preparation ....................................................................................................................... 45

An Ounce of Prevention ............................................................................................................................... 46Do… ............................................................................................................................................................................. 46Do not… ..................................................................................................................................................................... 47Additional advice for Mac portable computer users ......................................................................................... 48

Backup and Recovery ..................................................................................................................................... 49About backup and recovery .................................................................................................................................... 49Planning your backup and recovery solution ..................................................................................................... 50

Recommended backup and recovery applications ..................................................................................... 51Types of Macs to be backed up ...................................................................................................................... 54Determining the volume of data to be backed up ..................................................................................... 54Backup Devices .................................................................................................................................................. 55Providing for off-site data protection ........................................................................................................... 57Backup strategy .................................................................................................................................................. 57

Additional considerations in backup and recovery ............................................................................................ 60Implementing your backup and recovery solution ............................................................................................. 61Recovery ...................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Disaster recovery .............................................................................................................................................. 62Recovery using Duplicates .............................................................................................................................. 62Recovery using Backup Sets ............................................................................................................................ 63

Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 63

Create a Test Account ................................................................................................................................... 64Creating a test account ............................................................................................................................................ 64Using a test account in troubleshooting............................................................................................................... 65Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 66

Disk Utilities ......................................................................................................................................................... 67About disk utilities .................................................................................................................................................... 67Recommended disk utilities .................................................................................................................................... 68Which disk utilities should I buy? ........................................................................................................................... 69Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 69

Error Codes ........................................................................................................................................................... 70

First Aid Folder ................................................................................................................................................... 71

Obtaining Help Online ................................................................................................................................... 73Questions about using your Mac or Mac OS X ................................................................................................. 73Questions about third-party applications ............................................................................................................ 73Questions not answered in Mac Help .................................................................................................................. 73Guidelines for creating good Discussions posts ................................................................................................. 74Other sources of help online .................................................................................................................................. 75Tips for using the AppleCare Knowledge Base................................................................................................... 75Related Links .............................................................................................................................................................. 75

Organizing Information About Your Mac .......................................................................................... 76File computer, peripheral, and software information ......................................................................................... 76Protect important CDs and DVDs ........................................................................................................................ 76Keep a Mac Diary ...................................................................................................................................................... 77

Contents 5

Protecting Against Power Problems .................................................................................................... 78Protecting against power outages .......................................................................................................................... 78

Disconnecting the power is a last resort ..................................................................................................... 78Purchase an Uninterruptible Power Supply ................................................................................................ 78How a UPS keeps your computer running during a power outage ....................................................... 78Buying a UPS ....................................................................................................................................................... 79Automatic shutdown software ....................................................................................................................... 80Using a UPS ......................................................................................................................................................... 81

Protecting against power surges ............................................................................................................................ 81Recovering from power problems ......................................................................................................................... 81Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 81

Security .................................................................................................................................................................... 83About security ............................................................................................................................................................ 83Apple security updates ............................................................................................................................................. 83Physical security ......................................................................................................................................................... 83

Temporarily locking your Mac ........................................................................................................................ 83Automatically log out after a period of inactivity ...................................................................................... 84Smart Cards ........................................................................................................................................................ 84

Passwords .................................................................................................................................................................... 84Choosing a secure password .......................................................................................................................... 84The firmware password ................................................................................................................................... 84The Master Password ....................................................................................................................................... 85Changing and resetting passwords ................................................................................................................ 85

Keychains ..................................................................................................................................................................... 85Network security ...................................................................................................................................................... 86

AirPort network security ................................................................................................................................ 86Routers ................................................................................................................................................................ 86Firewalls ............................................................................................................................................................... 86Router vs. firewall .............................................................................................................................................. 87Virtual Private Networks ................................................................................................................................ 87

Data security .............................................................................................................................................................. 87Access Control Lists ......................................................................................................................................... 87Encrypted disk images ...................................................................................................................................... 87FileVault ............................................................................................................................................................... 88Secure data removal ........................................................................................................................................ 88Secure Virtual Memory .................................................................................................................................... 89

Parental Controls ...................................................................................................................................................... 89Enabling Parental Controls .............................................................................................................................. 89Configuring Parental Controls ....................................................................................................................... 90Disabling Parental Controls ............................................................................................................................ 91Parental Controls caveats ................................................................................................................................ 91

Detecting and avoiding malware and spyware .................................................................................................... 92Hardening Mac OS X ................................................................................................................................................ 93Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 93

Troubleshooting Mac OS X: A-Z ............................................................................................................. 94

General Mac OS X Troubleshooting .................................................................................................... 98The last change may be the cause .......................................................................................................................... 98If you suspect a software problem… .................................................................................................................... 98If you suspect a hardware problem… ................................................................................................................... 99Use your warranties and support agreements ................................................................................................... 99Seek help online ......................................................................................................................................................... 99Related links ................................................................................................................................................................ 99

Contents 6

Airport Base Station and Time Capsule Status Lights ...........................................................100Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 100

Applications ........................................................................................................................................................ 101About applications ................................................................................................................................................... 101

Mac OS X applications ................................................................................................................................... 101Universal applications and Rosetta .............................................................................................................. 102Microsoft Windows applications .................................................................................................................. 102Installing applications ...................................................................................................................................... 103Associating documents with applications .................................................................................................. 104Changing the preferred application that opens a document .................................................................105Opening a document in an application other than its preferred application .....................................107Application preferences files ......................................................................................................................... 108Preventing problems with applications ....................................................................................................... 109Uninstalling applications ................................................................................................................................. 109

Troubleshooting applications ................................................................................................................................ 110General application troubleshooting ........................................................................................................... 111Force Quit ......................................................................................................................................................... 112Deleting application preferences files ......................................................................................................... 113Reset Launch Services .................................................................................................................................... 114

Resolving common problems with applications ............................................................................................... 1153D graphics performance problems on MacBook and MacBook Air ..................................................115Application cannot be quit, -600 alert ........................................................................................................ 115Applications open slowly ............................................................................................................................... 115Application preferences reset to default values ....................................................................................... 116Applications quit unexpectedly or fail to open ........................................................................................ 116Applications quit unexpectedly when printing to a Lexmark printer .................................................117Applications are unresponsive ...................................................................................................................... 117Cannot install an application ......................................................................................................................... 118Cannot sync data with iSync or MobileMe ................................................................................................ 118Cannot use this version alert ....................................................................................................................... 118Documents open in the wrong applications ............................................................................................. 119Error -10660 attempting to open a document ......................................................................................... 119iDVD ‘08 quits unexpectedly after installation ......................................................................................... 120iTunes quits unexpectedly or fails to open ................................................................................................ 120Keynote or iWeb quit unexpectedly ........................................................................................................... 120Reinstalling an application bundled with Mac OS X ................................................................................ 120Reinstalling a factory-installed application ................................................................................................. 121Safari quits unexpectedly ............................................................................................................................... 121Users must register a previously-registered application ........................................................................121

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 122

Archive and Install .......................................................................................................................................... 123About Archive and Install ...................................................................................................................................... 123

Caveats for Archive and Install ..................................................................................................................... 123Why using Archive and Install to downgrade can be problematic .......................................................124Avoiding problems that lead to using Archive and Install ....................................................................... 124

Performing an Archive and Install ......................................................................................................................... 125Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 125

AVI and DivX Files .......................................................................................................................................... 126About AVI and DivX files ....................................................................................................................................... 126Playing AVI and DivX files on Mac OS X ............................................................................................................ 126Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 127

Contents 7

Burning CDs and DVDs ................................................................................................................................ 128About burning CDs and DVDs ............................................................................................................................ 128Troubleshooting burning CDs and DVDs .......................................................................................................... 129Resolving common problems burning CDs and DVDs ................................................................................... 129

You cannot burn a CD or DVD ................................................................................................................... 129Error code -43 when attempting to burn a disk ...................................................................................... 130Error code -50 while burning a disc in iTunes .......................................................................................... 130Error codes 0x80020022 or -2147352542 ................................................................................................ 130Error codes 0x80020025 or -2147352539 ................................................................................................ 131Error codes 0x80020060 or -2147352480; buffer underrun error .....................................................131Error codes 0x8002006D or -2147352467 .............................................................................................. 131Optical media do not mount or appear on the desktop .......................................................................132Problems with DVD-RAM discs ................................................................................................................... 133Unknown Error alert while burning ............................................................................................................ 133

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 134

Cache Cleaning .................................................................................................................................................. 135Side effects of System cache cleaning .................................................................................................................. 135Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 136

Console and Crash Logs .............................................................................................................................. 137About Console ......................................................................................................................................................... 137Troubleshooting with Console ............................................................................................................................. 139

Set up Console for troubleshooting ........................................................................................................... 139Checking Console for clues .......................................................................................................................... 140Examining some common messages ........................................................................................................... 140

Resolving common Console problems ............................................................................................................... 143Changes to Columns do not appear or are ignored ............................................................................... 143Console hangs when switching between Log Database Queries .........................................................143Canceling New Log Database Query results in Untitled Query .........................................................143

About crash logs ...................................................................................................................................................... 144Application crash logs..................................................................................................................................... 144System-related crash logs .............................................................................................................................. 145Panic logs ........................................................................................................................................................... 145

Troubleshooting with crash logs .......................................................................................................................... 145The case of the third-party mouse .............................................................................................................. 146The case of the corrupted preference file ................................................................................................. 147Obtaining help with crash logs ..................................................................................................................... 147

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 147

Dashboard ............................................................................................................................................................ 148About Dashboard .................................................................................................................................................... 148

Opening and closing Dashboard .................................................................................................................. 149Included widgets .............................................................................................................................................. 149Opening widgets .............................................................................................................................................. 149Closing widgets ................................................................................................................................................ 150Configuring a widget’s preferences ............................................................................................................. 150Installing and removing widgets .................................................................................................................... 150Refreshing widgets .......................................................................................................................................... 150Preferences files for Dashboard and widgets............................................................................................ 151Finding new widgets ........................................................................................................................................ 151Developing widgets ......................................................................................................................................... 151

Troubleshooting Dashboard .................................................................................................................................. 152Troubleshooting an individual widget.......................................................................................................... 152Testing third-party widgets ............................................................................................................................ 153

Contents 8

Reset Dashboard ............................................................................................................................................. 154Resolving common Dashboard problems .......................................................................................................... 155

Dashboard is inaccessible after Fast User Switching ............................................................................... 155DashboardClient consumes increasing amounts of memory ................................................................155DashboardClient quit unexpectedly ........................................................................................................... 155Problems with MobileMe and Dashboard ................................................................................................. 155Ripple effect does not appear when adding widgets ............................................................................... 156Weather widget displays data for the wrong city .................................................................................... 156Web Clip widget is blank ............................................................................................................................... 156Widget displays no data ................................................................................................................................. 156

Related Links ............................................................................................................................................................ 157

Data Recovery ................................................................................................................................................... 158Data loss scenarios ................................................................................................................................................. 158

You trashed important files but have not emptied the Trash ................................................................158You trashed important files and emptied the Trash ................................................................................. 158You initialized your hard drive ...................................................................................................................... 158Your hard drive has crashed or your Mac is severely damaged ............................................................158

Data recovery utilities ............................................................................................................................................ 159If you cannot start up your Mac from a data recovery utility disc .......................................................159

Data recovery services........................................................................................................................................... 159Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 160

Disk Images ......................................................................................................................................................... 161About disk images ................................................................................................................................................... 161Troubleshooting disk images ................................................................................................................................. 162Resolving common problems with disk images ................................................................................................ 163

Cannot eject a disk image because it is in use .......................................................................................... 163Cannot eject a disk image from the Finder sidebar ................................................................................ 164Disk image…may be damaged… alert ....................................................................................................... 164Disk images fails to mount ............................................................................................................................ 165Disk images mount slowly ............................................................................................................................. 165Spotlight does not index disk images when mounted ............................................................................ 165

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 165

The Dock ............................................................................................................................................................... 166About the Dock ....................................................................................................................................................... 166

Getting the most from the Dock ................................................................................................................ 167Troubleshooting the Dock..................................................................................................................................... 168

General Dock troubleshooting .................................................................................................................... 168Quit and relaunch the Dock ......................................................................................................................... 168Reset the Dock ................................................................................................................................................ 168Restore Dock preferences from a backup ................................................................................................ 169

Resolving common Dock problems .................................................................................................................... 169The application cannot be launched -35 alert .......................................................................................... 169Application fails to open when clicking its Dock icon ............................................................................ 170Folder aliases within folders do no list contents...................................................................................... 170Lost @ icon in the Dock ............................................................................................................................... 170Many icons accidentally dropped into the Dock ...................................................................................... 170Minimized QuickTime movies do not play in the Dock ......................................................................... 170

Related Links ............................................................................................................................................................ 171

Fast User Switching ....................................................................................................................................... 172About Fast User Switching .................................................................................................................................... 172Troubleshooting Fast User Switching .................................................................................................................. 173

Contents 9

Resolving common Fast User Switching problems .......................................................................................... 173Cannot restart or shut down with Fast User Switching ........................................................................ 173Cube effect does not appear when switching users ................................................................................ 174Internet connection drops when switching users .................................................................................... 174

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 174

Fax ............................................................................................................................................................................. 175About Fax ................................................................................................................................................................. 175

Creating a fax modem .................................................................................................................................... 176Configuring a fax modem to receive faxes ................................................................................................ 177Sending a fax ..................................................................................................................................................... 178

Troubleshooting Fax................................................................................................................................................ 179Resolving common Fax problems ........................................................................................................................ 179

Cannot access Address Book from Fax Information ............................................................................... 179E-mail notification of received faxes does not work ............................................................................... 179Loading Print and Fax… displays protractedly ......................................................................................... 179No fax modems were found alert ............................................................................................................... 180Other computers cannot send faxes through your computer .............................................................180Shared fax modem disappears after sleep ................................................................................................. 180Shared fax modem unavailable on the local network ............................................................................. 181

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 181

FileVault ................................................................................................................................................................ 182About FileVault ......................................................................................................................................................... 182

FileVault caveats, restrictions, and side effects .......................................................................................... 183Should I use FileVault? .................................................................................................................................... 184Before enabling FileVault… ........................................................................................................................... 184

Troubleshooting FileVault ...................................................................................................................................... 184Resolving common FileVault problems ............................................................................................................. 185

Account appears to have been reset to a new account ......................................................................... 185Cannot enable or disable FileVault .............................................................................................................. 185Forgotten password for a FileVault-protected account .......................................................................... 186

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 186

Finder ...................................................................................................................................................................... 187About Finder ............................................................................................................................................................ 187

Hidden and invisible files................................................................................................................................ 189Troubleshooting Finder .......................................................................................................................................... 189

Install Refresh Finder ...................................................................................................................................... 189Relaunch Finder ............................................................................................................................................... 190Delete Finder preferences ............................................................................................................................. 190

Troubleshooting third-party Quick Look generators...................................................................................... 194Delete Quick Look preferences .................................................................................................................. 194Determine installed Quick Look generators ............................................................................................ 195Troubleshooting contextual menu items ................................................................................................... 196

Resolving common Finder problems ................................................................................................................... 197Apple menu items are duplicated ................................................................................................................ 197Finder does not load or relaunches after connecting an external drive ............................................197Finder is slow when moving or copying many files ................................................................................. 198Finder quits unexpectedly or relaunches repeatedly after log in .........................................................198Finder quits unexpectedly or stops responding ....................................................................................... 198Finder relaunches after Control-clicking an object ................................................................................. 199Finder relaunches when attempting to open a folder ............................................................................. 199Finder relaunches when changing permissions ......................................................................................... 199Finder returns error code -10660 when opening a document .............................................................199

Contents 10

Finder stops responding during log out ..................................................................................................... 200Hard drives vanish from Finder .................................................................................................................... 200Incorrect icons and other display anomalies in Finder ........................................................................... 201Open With lists multiple copies of the same application .......................................................................202Quick Look does not work .......................................................................................................................... 202Recent Items is not working ......................................................................................................................... 202Restoring an object removed from the sidebar ....................................................................................... 202Services menu is blank or empty ................................................................................................................. 203Spotlight Comments are not saved on remote volumes ........................................................................203Translucent menu bar feature does not work .......................................................................................... 203Unable to copy, drag, modify, or move an object ...................................................................................... 204URL format alert when connecting to server .......................................................................................... 205

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 205

Finding Corrupted Files ............................................................................................................................... 206About corrupted files ............................................................................................................................................. 206Troubleshooting corrupted files ........................................................................................................................... 206Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 206

FireWire Problems ......................................................................................................................................... 207About FireWire........................................................................................................................................................ 207Troubleshooting FireWire ..................................................................................................................................... 208Resolving common FireWire problems .............................................................................................................. 210

Cannot start up or boot a PowerPC-based Mac from a FireWire drive ...........................................210Problems saving files to FireWire drives .................................................................................................... 211Slow data transfer when videoconferencing ............................................................................................. 211

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 212

Fonts ........................................................................................................................................................................ 213About fonts ............................................................................................................................................................... 213

Font management ............................................................................................................................................ 213Previewing uninstalled fonts .......................................................................................................................... 213Protected fonts ................................................................................................................................................ 214Safe Mode .......................................................................................................................................................... 214

Troubleshooting fonts ............................................................................................................................................. 215Corrupted fonts ............................................................................................................................................... 215Font cache corruption .................................................................................................................................... 215Incompatible fonts ........................................................................................................................................... 215Missing or disabled fonts................................................................................................................................ 215

Resolving common font problems ....................................................................................................................... 216Terminal window only displays the upper-left corner ............................................................................. 216Text appears garbled ....................................................................................................................................... 216

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 216

Font Book ............................................................................................................................................................. 217About Font Book ..................................................................................................................................................... 217

Validating fonts ................................................................................................................................................. 220Avoiding common problems from misunderstanding Font Book .........................................................221

Troubleshooting Font Book .................................................................................................................................. 222Delete Font Book preferences ..................................................................................................................... 222Check permissions of folders important to Font Book ......................................................................... 223Check for corrupted font collections ......................................................................................................... 223Reset Font Book .............................................................................................................................................. 224

Resolving common Font Book problems ........................................................................................................... 224Cannot change or install fonts in the User library .................................................................................. 224Cannot create new font collections or change existing collections ....................................................224

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 224

Contents 11

Freeing Space on Your Startup Disk ................................................................................................... 225Determining available space on your startup disk ........................................................................................... 225Simple ways to increase available space.............................................................................................................. 225What about moving my Home folder or the Users folders? ........................................................................227Related Links ............................................................................................................................................................ 227

Freezes and Hangs .......................................................................................................................................... 228Troubleshooting freezes and hangs...................................................................................................................... 228

An application is unresponsive, frozen, or hung ....................................................................................... 228Your Mac is unresponsive, frozen, or hung ................................................................................................ 228

Killing processes remotely using SSH ................................................................................................................. 228Manually forcing a shutdown or restart ............................................................................................................. 233Determining the cause of a freeze or hang ....................................................................................................... 233

Resolving persistent application freezes ..................................................................................................... 233Resolving persistent system freezes ............................................................................................................ 234

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 234

Hard Drive Sleep .............................................................................................................................................. 235About hard drive sleep ........................................................................................................................................... 235

To sleep or not to sleep? ............................................................................................................................... 235Energy Saver preferences and hard drive sleep ........................................................................................ 236Issues with hard drive sleep .......................................................................................................................... 236

Troubleshooting hard drive sleep ........................................................................................................................ 237Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 238

Hardware Testing ............................................................................................................................................ 239Apple Hardware Test ............................................................................................................................................. 239

Using the Apple Hardware Test .................................................................................................................... 239Loop Mode........................................................................................................................................................ 240

RAM testing .............................................................................................................................................................. 240Other hardware testing utilities ........................................................................................................................... 241

Micromat TechTool Deluxe ........................................................................................................................... 241Micromat TechTool Pro .................................................................................................................................. 241USB software debuggers ................................................................................................................................ 241

Related Links ............................................................................................................................................................ 241

Help Viewer ........................................................................................................................................................ 242About Help Viewer .................................................................................................................................................. 242Troubleshooting Help Viewer ............................................................................................................................... 244

Reset Help Viewer ........................................................................................................................................... 244Remove the hidden Help Viewer cache folder ......................................................................................... 245Check for broken help book aliases ........................................................................................................... 246Check for corrupt or incompatible help books ....................................................................................... 247

Resolving common Help Viewer problems ........................................................................................................ 248Connection failed alert when opening help .............................................................................................. 248Help Viewer quits unexpectedly or displays a blank window ................................................................248Help Viewer does not list help for a specific application ........................................................................ 248Modem connects to the Internet when opening help ............................................................................ 249

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 249

Isolating Troublesome Peripherals ...................................................................................................... 250Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 251

Contents 12

Kernel Panics ...................................................................................................................................................... 252About kernel panics ................................................................................................................................................ 252

General causes of kernel panics ................................................................................................................... 253Known causes of kernel panics .................................................................................................................... 253

Troubleshooting kernel panics .............................................................................................................................. 254Troubleshooting roadmap.............................................................................................................................. 255Troubleshooting table ..................................................................................................................................... 256

Using and interpreting panic logs ......................................................................................................................... 257Troubleshooting with panic logs ......................................................................................................................... 260

Example 1: Simple Backtrace Analysis ........................................................................................................ 260Example 2: No kernel loadable modules in the Backtrace .....................................................................261Example 3: Uncorrectable Machine Check ................................................................................................ 262Example 4: Examining kernel extensions in System Profiler .................................................................263Example 5: No panic vector, trap value, or usable Backtrace ..............................................................265Example 6: Uncorrectable machine check, dual processors .................................................................266

Obtaining help with panic logs ............................................................................................................................. 266Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 266

Keyboards and Keyboard Shortcuts ................................................................................................... 267About keyboards and keyboard shortcuts ......................................................................................................... 267Troubleshooting keyboards ................................................................................................................................... 268Resolving common keyboard problems ............................................................................................................. 270

Eject or Volume keys do not work .............................................................................................................. 270Images of keys appear on the screen while typing ................................................................................... 270Keyboard is unresponsive on MacBook, MacBook Pro .......................................................................... 270Keyboard Viewer, Character Palette do not appear ................................................................................ 270Long delay between pressing keys and characters appearing ................................................................271No visual feedback from Brightness, Eject, or Volume keys ...................................................................271Numeric keypad does not work .................................................................................................................. 271One key fails to work ..................................................................................................................................... 272Problems pairing an Apple Wireless Keyboard ......................................................................................... 272Sounds accompany typing .............................................................................................................................. 272Startup keyboard shortcuts do not work .................................................................................................. 273Volume keys do not provide audible feedback ......................................................................................... 273

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 273

Keychains .............................................................................................................................................................. 274About keychains ....................................................................................................................................................... 274

Keychain passwords and keychain locking ................................................................................................. 275Reset Safari ....................................................................................................................................................... 275

Troubleshooting keychains .................................................................................................................................... 276Resolving common keychain problems ............................................................................................................... 276

Frequently prompted for keychain password ........................................................................................... 276Keychain cannot be found alert after upgrade install .............................................................................. 276Resetting Safari removes Web site accounts and passwords from keychain .....................................276

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 277

Login ........................................................................................................................................................................ 278About login ............................................................................................................................................................... 278Troubleshooting login problems ........................................................................................................................... 278Resolving common login problems ...................................................................................................................... 278

Automatic login does not work after password reset ............................................................................ 278Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 279

Contents 13

Mac OS X Maintenance Scripts .............................................................................................................. 280About the Mac OS X maintenance scripts ........................................................................................................ 280Manually running the maintenance scripts ......................................................................................................... 280

Why run the maintenance scripts manually? ............................................................................................. 281Reviewing the logs from maintenance scripts ................................................................................................... 281Verifying maintenance script execution .............................................................................................................. 282Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 282

Mac OS X Standalone Updates............................................................................................................... 283About Mac OS X standalone updates................................................................................................................. 283Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 283

Mac-Windows Integration ........................................................................................................................ 284About Mac-Windows Integration ........................................................................................................................ 284

Caveats and limitations of Mac-Windows Integration ............................................................................ 285Troubleshooting Mac-Windows Integration ...................................................................................................... 286Resolving common Mac-Windows integration problems .............................................................................. 286

Error -43 when using Windows file sharing .............................................................................................. 286Finder does not reflect additions to a Windows shared folder ............................................................286Unable to copy files to a Windows computer from a Mac ..................................................................287Unable to connect to a Windows computer from a Mac ......................................................................287Unable to connect to a Mac from Windows a computer ......................................................................287Unable to find a Windows computer in the Network browser ...........................................................287

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 288

Make Yourself the Owner of an Object ........................................................................................... 289Determining privileges and ownership ............................................................................................................... 289Obtain Read & Write privileges and ownership of an object ........................................................................ 290Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 290

Migration Assistant ....................................................................................................................................... 291About Setup Assistant and Migration Assistant ................................................................................................ 291Move to a new Mac from an old Mac ................................................................................................................. 291Move to a new Mac or Mac OS X installation from a backup ......................................................................292Old Mac pre-migration checklist .......................................................................................................................... 293New Mac pre-migration checklist ........................................................................................................................ 294Post-migration activities ......................................................................................................................................... 294Special considerations when moving to a MacBook Air ................................................................................. 295Troubleshooting Migration Assistant ................................................................................................................... 295Resolving common post-migration problems ................................................................................................... 296

Aperture 2 quits unexpectedly .................................................................................................................... 296Applications or preference panes do open after migration ...................................................................296Bluetooth keyboard or mouse not recognized after migration ............................................................296Cannot log in to a migrated account .......................................................................................................... 297Cannot synchronize with MobileMe ........................................................................................................... 297Cannot type in an account after migration ............................................................................................... 297Conflict Resolver flags seemingly identical contacts ............................................................................... 297Finder restarts when attempting to change file permissions ................................................................298FTP Access, Remote Login, and Windows Sharing disabled after migration ......................................298Keyboard Viewer, Character Palette, or Japanese Kana Palette missing ..............................................298URL format alert when connecting to a server or opening Time Machine .......................................298WINS configuration settings are lost ......................................................................................................... 299

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 299

Contents 14

Mouse Problems ............................................................................................................................................... 300Troubleshooting mouse problems ....................................................................................................................... 300Resolving common mouse problems .................................................................................................................. 302

Black rectangle appears and follows the mouse pointer ........................................................................ 302Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 303

Networking ......................................................................................................................................................... 304About networking ................................................................................................................................................... 304

Local networks................................................................................................................................................. 304AirPort networks ............................................................................................................................................ 304Connecting to the Internet and Internet connection sharing ...............................................................306File sharing ........................................................................................................................................................ 306Networking in different locations ................................................................................................................ 306Remote access to your Mac ......................................................................................................................... 307

Troubleshooting networks .................................................................................................................................... 308Resolving common networking problems ......................................................................................................... 309

Cannot access personal Web content ........................................................................................................ 309Cannot connect to .local hostnames .......................................................................................................... 309Cannot connect to the Internet with a new AirPort base station .......................................................309Cannot download large files ......................................................................................................................... 309Cannot join an iChat audio or video chat ................................................................................................. 310Cannot send e-mail using Mail ...................................................................................................................... 310Cannot set Bluetooth preferences .............................................................................................................. 310Cannot transfer files between Macs via Bluetooth.................................................................................. 310Dial-up Internet connection does not disconnect automatically. .........................................................310Problems with simultaneously sharing files and connecting to the Internet .....................................311Internet connection terminates unexpectedly ......................................................................................... 311

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 311

Performance ....................................................................................................................................................... 312About performance ................................................................................................................................................. 312Troubleshooting performance problems ............................................................................................................ 313Resolving common performance problems ....................................................................................................... 314

Process kernel_task using high CPU ........................................................................................................... 314Processes mds, mdimport, and mdworker are using high CPU ............................................................314SystemUIServer shows high CPU usage or is frozen or hung ..............................................................315

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 315

Plug-ins and Input Managers ................................................................................................................... 316About plug-ins and input managers ..................................................................................................................... 316

Plug-Ins ............................................................................................................................................................... 316Input managers ................................................................................................................................................. 318

Troubleshooting plug-ins ........................................................................................................................................ 318User-installed vs. system-wide plug-ins ....................................................................................................... 318Problems with application-specific plug-ins ............................................................................................... 319Problems with plug-ins for Mac OS X technologies ............................................................................... 320Preventing plug-in problems .......................................................................................................................... 320

Troubleshooting input managers .......................................................................................................................... 321Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 322

Printing and Printer Sharing .................................................................................................................... 323About printing and printer sharing ...................................................................................................................... 323

Challenges in sharing Mac printers with Windows users ....................................................................... 324Troubleshooting printing and printer sharing.................................................................................................... 325

Troubleshooting printing ................................................................................................................................ 325

Contents 15

Troubleshooting printer sharing................................................................................................................... 325Troubleshooting with CUPS ......................................................................................................................... 326

Resolving common printing and printer sharing problems ............................................................................ 326Cannot change printer administration remotely in Parental Controls ..............................................326Cannot print to a USB printer ..................................................................................................................... 326Cannot print to a Windows shared printer .............................................................................................. 326Changes to layout choices are not displayed in the print preview.......................................................327Completed jobs cannot be removed from the print queue ..................................................................327Loading Print and Fax… displays protractedly ......................................................................................... 327No printer queue after Software Update .................................................................................................. 327Problems with Canon, HP, and Lexmark printers .................................................................................... 327Shared printers cannot be seen on the local network ........................................................................... 328Shared printers disappear after sleep ......................................................................................................... 328Some print options unavailable in Preview ................................................................................................ 328

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 328

Problems from Insufficient RAM and Free Disk Space .........................................................329About memory management in Mac OS X ...................................................................................................... 329Determining if your system is at risk .................................................................................................................. 329

Determine the available space on the startup disk ................................................................................ 330Determine the amount of paging the system is performing ..................................................................330

Permanently resolving the problems .................................................................................................................. 331Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 331

Reinstall Mac OS X Using Erase and Install ................................................................................... 332

Repair Disk Process ....................................................................................................................................... 333About Repair Disk ................................................................................................................................................... 333

Repairing your Mac OS X startup disk ....................................................................................................... 333Devices, partitions, and volumes in Disk Utility ....................................................................................... 333

General Repair Disk process ................................................................................................................................ 334Repair your Mac OS X startup disk .................................................................................................................... 335Repair volumes other than your startup disk ................................................................................................... 336Repair volumes using a bootable Duplicate ....................................................................................................... 336The emergency Repair Disk process .................................................................................................................. 337Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 337

Repair Permissions Process ...................................................................................................................... 338About Repair Disk Permissions ............................................................................................................................ 338Repair Permissions from your startup disk ....................................................................................................... 339Repair Permissions from the Mac OS X install disc ........................................................................................ 340Repair Permissions in Terminal ............................................................................................................................. 341Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 341

Reset Home Folder Permissions ........................................................................................................... 342

Resolving Disk, Permission, and Cache Corruption .................................................................343Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 343

Safe Mode ............................................................................................................................................................. 344About Safe Mode ..................................................................................................................................................... 344Performing a Safe Boot for Safe Mode ............................................................................................................... 344Safe Login ................................................................................................................................................................... 344Starting up in Safe Mode from the Startup Manager ....................................................................................... 345

Contents 16

Scanners ................................................................................................................................................................ 346About scanners ....................................................................................................................................................... 346Troubleshooting scanners ...................................................................................................................................... 347Resolving common scanner problems ................................................................................................................ 347

Canon inkjet printers and CanoScan scanners do not scan ..................................................................347Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 347

Shutdown .............................................................................................................................................................. 348About shutdown ...................................................................................................................................................... 348Troubleshooting shutdown .................................................................................................................................... 348Resolving common shutdown problems ............................................................................................................ 349

Cannot shut down while using Fast User Switching ............................................................................... 349Mac restarts after shutdown......................................................................................................................... 349Mac shuts down during Safe Boot ............................................................................................................... 349Mac will not shut down .................................................................................................................................. 350

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 350

Sleep......................................................................................................................................................................... 351About Sleep .............................................................................................................................................................. 351

Sleep vs. Shut Down ....................................................................................................................................... 351Power management in Mac OS X................................................................................................................ 351

Troubleshooting sleep problems .......................................................................................................................... 352Resolving common sleep problems ..................................................................................................................... 352

Computer does not sleep or wakes immediately after sleep ...............................................................352Computer does not wake from sleep ........................................................................................................ 353Parental controls prohibit manually invoking sleep ................................................................................. 353

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 353

SMART Status ................................................................................................................................................... 354Check SMART status using Disk Utility ............................................................................................................. 354Check SMART status from the Mac OS X install disc .................................................................................... 355Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 356

Software Update .............................................................................................................................................. 357About Software Update ......................................................................................................................................... 357

Should I update? ............................................................................................................................................... 357Obtaining large software updates ................................................................................................................ 358Preventing software update problems ........................................................................................................ 358

Troubleshooting Software Update ....................................................................................................................... 359Problems from third-party system modifications or menu extras.......................................................359Problems with third-party hardware .......................................................................................................... 360Recovering from a failed software update ................................................................................................. 361

Resolving common Software Update problems ............................................................................................... 361Software Update quits when selected ........................................................................................................ 361Software Update quits while installing or checking for updates ...........................................................362Software Update stops responding while configuring installation .......................................................362

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 362

Sound ....................................................................................................................................................................... 363About sound ............................................................................................................................................................. 363

Sound tips .......................................................................................................................................................... 363Unfamiliar noises ............................................................................................................................................. 364

Troubleshooting sound ........................................................................................................................................... 364Resolving common sound problems ................................................................................................................... 364

No sound from certain applications ........................................................................................................... 364No sound in Safe Mode ................................................................................................................................. 364Sound and audio issues with Intel-based Macs ......................................................................................... 365

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 365

Contents 17

Spaces ...................................................................................................................................................................... 366About Spaces ............................................................................................................................................................ 366

Getting the most from Spaces ...................................................................................................................... 368Troubleshooting Spaces .......................................................................................................................................... 368

General Spaces troubleshooting .................................................................................................................. 368Disable Spaces .................................................................................................................................................. 368Reset Spaces ..................................................................................................................................................... 369

Resolving common Spaces problems .................................................................................................................. 369Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 369

The Spinning Beach Ball of Death ........................................................................................................ 370About the SBBOD ................................................................................................................................................... 370Troubleshooting the SBBOD ................................................................................................................................ 370Resolving common SBBOD problems ................................................................................................................ 371

SBBOD appears for 30 to 35 seconds; your hard drives spin-up. ........................................................371The SBBOD appears when quitting a third-party application ...............................................................371SBBOD appears for reasons other than those above............................................................................. 372

Related Links ............................................................................................................................................................ 372

Spotlight ................................................................................................................................................................ 373About Spotlight ........................................................................................................................................................ 373

Indexing: extracting metadata from files ................................................................................................... 373Searching: querying metadata ....................................................................................................................... 375Using Spotlight in Terminal ............................................................................................................................ 376Stopping Spotlight indexing ........................................................................................................................... 377

Troubleshooting Spotlight ...................................................................................................................................... 378Delete Spotlight preferences ........................................................................................................................ 378Verifying Spotlight indexing is enabled on a volume ............................................................................... 379Rebuilding the Spotlight metadata store .................................................................................................... 380

Resolving common Spotlight problems .............................................................................................................. 381Disk images are not indexed when mounted ........................................................................................... 381Files created in a specific application are not found ................................................................................ 381Indexing does not complete after installing Leopard .............................................................................. 382Spotlight indexes disks or volumes unexpectedly .................................................................................... 382Spotlight scans external drives on which indexing has been stopped .................................................382System Preferences search fails .................................................................................................................... 383

Related Links ............................................................................................................................................................ 383

Startup .................................................................................................................................................................. 384About startup ........................................................................................................................................................... 384Troubleshooting startup ......................................................................................................................................... 384

Startup beeps and flashing lights .................................................................................................................. 384The computer will not turn on .................................................................................................................... 385The computer turns on but does not start up ......................................................................................... 386General startup troubleshooting ................................................................................................................. 387

Resolving common startup problems ................................................................................................................. 387Cannot restart after inserting a CD that cannot be ejected ................................................................387Cannot start up a PowerPC-based Mac from a large FireWire drive .................................................387Cannot start up after installing Apogee drivers........................................................................................ 387Cannot start up after installing Boot Camp .............................................................................................. 388Cannot start up after resetting PRAM ....................................................................................................... 388Cannot start up from a Mac OS X Install disc ......................................................................................... 388Computer shuts down while starting up in Safe Mode .......................................................................... 388Setup Assistant opens after every restart .................................................................................................. 389Startup is slow .................................................................................................................................................. 389

Contents 18

Startup tone does not sound ........................................................................................................................ 389Startup tone is too loud ................................................................................................................................ 390Unexpected daily start up at the same time ............................................................................................. 390White text appears during startup .............................................................................................................. 390

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 390

Startup and Login Items ............................................................................................................................. 391About Startup Items, Login Items, daemons, and user agents ....................................................................... 391Troubleshooting Startup Items, Login Items, daemons, and user agents .....................................................391

Troubleshooting Startup Items ..................................................................................................................... 392Troubleshooting Login Items ........................................................................................................................ 392Troubleshooting daemons and user agents ............................................................................................... 393

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 393

System Preferences ....................................................................................................................................... 394About System Preferences .................................................................................................................................... 394Troubleshooting System Preferences .................................................................................................................. 395

Delete System Preferences preferences and cache files ........................................................................ 395Corrupted preferences files .......................................................................................................................... 395Incompatible preference panes .................................................................................................................... 396Corrupted preference panes ........................................................................................................................ 396

Resolving common System Preferences problems .......................................................................................... 397Cannot enable handwriting recognition ..................................................................................................... 397Cannot set Bluetooth preferences .............................................................................................................. 397Cannot set Desktop & Screen Saver preferences .................................................................................... 397Cannot set Energy Saver preferences ......................................................................................................... 398Cannot set 256 colors in Display preferences .......................................................................................... 398Display preferences: “out of frequency range” .......................................................................................... 398Duplicate or missing preferences panes ................................................................................................... 398Incorrect time is displayed ............................................................................................................................ 399International preferences missing Keyboard Viewer and Character Palette ......................................399Lingering preference panes from uninstalled applications ......................................................................399Loading Print and Fax… displays protractedly ......................................................................................... 399Spotlight search of System Preferences fails ............................................................................................. 400System Preferences fails to launch or quits unexpectedly .....................................................................400

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 400

System Profiler ................................................................................................................................................. 401About System Profiler ............................................................................................................................................ 401Troubleshooting System Profiler .......................................................................................................................... 402

Delete System Profiler preferences ............................................................................................................ 402Resolving common System Profiler problems .................................................................................................. 402

Cannot open System Profiler after migrating to a new Mac .................................................................402iMac processor identified incorrectly ......................................................................................................... 402System Profiler fails to list some information ........................................................................................... 402System Profiler fails to show changes dynamically .................................................................................. 403

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 403

Terminating a Process .................................................................................................................................. 404About terminating processes ................................................................................................................................ 404Terminating a process using Activity Monitor ................................................................................................... 405Terminating a process using Terminal .................................................................................................................. 406

Contents 19

Time Machine .................................................................................................................................................... 407About Time Machine ............................................................................................................................................... 407

How Time Machine works ............................................................................................................................ 407Time Machine caveats ..................................................................................................................................... 410Should I use Time Machine? ......................................................................................................................... 412Sizing your Time Machine backup disk ....................................................................................................... 413Preparing an external drive for use as a backup disk .............................................................................. 414Archiving Time Machine backups ................................................................................................................ 415Avoiding common Time Machine problems .............................................................................................. 416

Troubleshooting Time Machine ............................................................................................................................ 417General Time Machine troubleshooting ..................................................................................................... 417Verify that the backup disk is available........................................................................................................ 418Restart a Time Capsule .................................................................................................................................. 419Reset Time Machine ........................................................................................................................................ 419Reset Time Machine preferences ................................................................................................................. 421

Resolving common Time Machine problems ..................................................................................................... 422The backup disk image cannot be mounted alert .................................................................................... 422The backup volume could not be found alert .......................................................................................... 423The backup volume could not be mounted alert .................................................................................... 423Backups are saved to the wrong backup disk ........................................................................................... 423Backups display a PST time stamp ............................................................................................................... 423Backups to an external drive stop after backing up 10 GB of data ....................................................424Preparing… displays protractedly .............................................................................................................. 424Previous backups are unavailable ................................................................................................................. 425

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 425

Trash ....................................................................................................................................................................... 427About Trash ............................................................................................................................................................... 427

Trash architecture ........................................................................................................................................... 428Troubleshooting Trash ............................................................................................................................................ 429

Empty and recreate an account’s Trash ...................................................................................................... 430Stubborn Files................................................................................................................................................... 431Empty and recreate an account-specific subfolder of a volume’s Trash ..............................................432Empty and recreate a volume’s Trash .......................................................................................................... 433

Resolving common Trash problems .................................................................................................................. 434Files in use by other applications ................................................................................................................. 434Files will be deleted immediately alert ....................................................................................................... 435Recovered Items folder in the Trash ........................................................................................................... 435Removable media retains files from the Trash .......................................................................................... 436Request to authenticate or insufficient permissions alert ....................................................................437

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 437

User ID Number .............................................................................................................................................. 438

VCD and SVCD Players ................................................................................................................................ 439About VCDs and SVCDs ....................................................................................................................................... 439

Creating VCDs and SVCDs with Mac OS X ............................................................................................. 439Using VCDs and SVCDs with home DVD players .................................................................................. 439Mac OS X support for VCDs and SVCDs ................................................................................................. 439Third-party players .......................................................................................................................................... 439

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 440

Verify Disk Process ......................................................................................................................................... 441About Verify Disk ..................................................................................................................................................... 441Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................. 442Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 442

Contents 20

Zeroing Volumes .............................................................................................................................................. 443About zeroing volumes .......................................................................................................................................... 443Zeroing volumes with Disk Utility ....................................................................................................................... 443

Zeroing a volume other than your startup disk ....................................................................................... 444Zeroing your startup disk from your Mac OS X Install Disc ................................................................445Zeroing your startup disk from a bootable Duplicate ........................................................................... 446

Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 446

Appendices .......................................................................................................................................................... 447

Appendix 1: System Logging .................................................................................................................... 448System logging in UNIX-based systems ............................................................................................................. 448Apple System Logging ............................................................................................................................................. 449Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 450

Appendix 2: Kernel Panic Vectors for Intel-based Macs .......................................................451Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 452

Appendix 3: Kernel Panic Trap Values for PowerPC-based Macs ...................................453Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 453

Appendix 4: Spotlight Plug-ins ............................................................................................................... 454Included Spotlight plug-ins ..................................................................................................................................... 454Determining the document types associated with a Spotlight plug-in ........................................................455Related links .............................................................................................................................................................. 455

Index ........................................................................................................................................................................ 456

Colophon ............................................................................................................................................................... 467

Index 456

Symbols

3ivx 126802.11 86802.11b 60, 86802.11g 31, 60, 86802.11n 56, 60, 86, 305, 311.aif 363.aiff 363.dfont 213.DS_Store 199, 285/Library/Logs 138~/Library/Logs 138.local 309_NSAutoreleaseNoPool 140.plist 108.sparsebundle 409.Spotlight-V100 374.Trash 428.Trashes 428/var/log 138.wav 363.zip 188

A

About This Mac 401Accelerate Your Mac 37Access Control Lists 87, 338accounts

Accounts preferences 394Admin 30moving to a new Mac 291–299Parental Controls 89–91renaming 394

ACLs 87, 338Active Directory 285, 288Activity Monitor 146, 313, 331, 404–405Address Book 31, 175, 179, 316ADSL 308Advanced Encryption Standard 86, 88, 182AES 86, 88, 182AFP 56agents 391AIFF 363AirPort 304–305, 308

AirPort Express 100, 304, 425AirPort Extreme 31, 100, 253, 304, 425base station printer 323disabling 48, 306Dual Ethernet (Snow) 31, 100

Graphite 31, 100Internet connection 306kernel panic 253preferred networks 306security 86status lights 100turn off 48, 306VPNs 308

AirPort Disks 56, 305, 311, 410AirPort Express 100, 304, 425AirPort Extreme 31, 100, 253, 304, 425AirPort Utility 305alias 167, 170anti-virus 92APE 30Aperture 125, 296, 316, 411APM 55, 407Apogee 30Apple

Authorized Resellers 40Authorized Service Provider 255Consultants Network 40contacting 44, 48Developer Connection 37Discussions 37, 41, 73–74feedback 44Retail Stores 36security updates 83support 75Technical Support 48user groups 36

AppleCare Knowledge Base 73, 75AppleCare Protection Plan 43, 99Apple Double Format 285Apple Filing Protocol 56Apple Hardware Test 239–240Apple menu 197, 202Apple Partition Map 55, 407Apple Remote Desktop 31AppleScript 101Apple System Logging 138, 449AppleTalk 306Apple Wireless Keyboard 272, 273Application Enhancer 30applications 101–122

AppleScript 101BSD 101bundle 103cannot be launched 169

Index

Index 457

cannot open 30, 116Carbon 101Classic 101, 296Cocoa 101crash logs 144–147default 104–107, 119error code -10660 119Force Quit 112input managers 318, 321installing 46, 103, 110, 118Java 101Mac OS X 101–102migrating 291multimedia 31open slowly 115packages 103plug-ins 66, 293, 296, 316–322preferences files 108–109, 113, 116preferred 104–107, 119preventing problems with 109quit unexpectedly 116reinstalling 120repeated registration 121Rosetta 102, 293, 296stop responding 117troubleshooting 110–121uninstalling 46, 109–110Universal 102, 293, 296unresponsive 117WebObjects 101wrong application opens 119X11 101

archive 188, 225Archive and Install 32, 123–125ARD 31asl(3) 449asl.db 138, 449ASR images 390AssistiveWare 363audio 363–365Audio MIDI Setup 364AVI 126–127

B

Back to My Mac 307, 311backup and recovery 49–63

backup 49Backup Set 53CDs and DVDs 55destination 49disaster recovery 50, 56, 62Duplicate 53–54FileVault 60Internet-based 52

iPod 60NAS 51–52, 56–57Network Attached Storage 51–52, 56–57off-site data protection 50, 57recovery 49, 62–63shared network volumes 57source 49Spotlight 61Time Capsule 56, 416Time Machine 49, 52, 407–426wireless networks 60, 411

Backups.backupdb folder 408bash 231beach ball 370–372BELPIC 84Berkeley Software Distribution 101, 280black rectangles 302Bluetooth 308, 311

Apple Wireless Keyboard 272, 273disabling 48, 306fax 175file exchange 310Internet connection 306, 311keyboard 30, 272mouse 30preferences 310, 397sleep 352turn off 48, 306

Bonjour 311, 324, 328Bonjour for Windows 284, 324Boot Camp 102, 273brightness keys 271broadband 308BSD 101, 280burning 128–134, 439

C

cable modem 306, 308CAC 84cache cleaning 38, 135–136, 215, 343Canon 34, 327, 347CanoScan 347Caps Lock key 267Carbon 101CDs 55, 76, 128–134, 374, 387cellular phone 175, 311Cepstral 363Character Palette 267, 270, 298, 399ClamXav 92Classic 29, 101, 226Cocktail 38, 114, 135, 215, 280Cocoa 101CODEC 126Common Access Card 84

Index 458

Common UNIX Printing System 179, 326, 327, 399Compress 188, 225Conflict Resolver 297Connection failed alert 248Connect to Server 205, 298Console 137–147, 449console.log 138ContentBarrier 30contextual menu items 196, 199, 316Core Audio 316Core Image 156, 316Core Video 316CUPS 179, 326, 327, 399cupsd 179, 327, 399

D

daemons 101, 391Dashboard 148–157DashboardClient 148, 155databases 374data fork 213, 285data recovery 158–160Data Rescue II 159data security 87–89Date & Time 399defragmenting 38, 67deprecated 141desktop background 312desktop clock 394DHCP 307dial-up 306, 308disaster recovery 50, 56, 62disclaimer 25Disk Copy 161disk images 87–88, 161–165, 381disk utilities 67–69, 159Disk Utility 68, 161–162

devices 333disk images 87–88disks 333error codes 334–336partitions 333Repair Disk 333–337, 343Repair Permissions 338–341, 343SMART diagnostics 68, 354–356Verify Disk 441–442volumes 333

DiskWarrior 29, 68display 398DivX 30, 126–127Dock 166–171, 312dos2unixtime 141download validation 92DriveSavers Data Recovery 159

DSL 306, 308Dual Ethernet (Snow) 31, 100Duplicate 53–54DVD Player 31, 134, 439DVD-RAM 133, 374DVDs 55, 76, 128–134, 374DVD Studio Pro 128DVI port 349Dynamic DNS 307Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 307

E

eDrive 30, 33education 36–37Eject key 267, 270, 271electrostatic discharge 42e-mail 179EMC Retrospect for Macintosh 51encryption

data 87–88FileVault 88, 182Wi-Fi networks 86

envelopes 323equivalent passwords 305Erase and Install 29, 32, 332error codes

burning 130–131, 133Disk Utility 334–336Dock 169Finder 199Mac OS X 70Repair Disk 334–336

ESD 42Ethernet 306expansion cards 250ExpressCard 352ext2 56ext3 56Extensis Suitcase 213

F

Fast User Switching 88, 172–174FAT16 211, 285FAT32 56, 211, 285Fax 175–181FAXstf 175feedback 44Fibre Channel 352FileMaker 411file quarantine 92files

corrupted 206hidden 189, 226, 374, 428

Index 459

invisible 189, 226, 374, 428locked 204, 427, 429

file sharing 306, 308file system consistency check 69, 337file system journaling 68FileVault 88, 182–186

backup and recovery 60Leopard installation 29Migration Assistant 293repairing Home directory 337Time Machine 410Trash 428

Final Cut Express 183, 316Final Cut Pro 31, 183, 316Final Cut Studio 253Finder 187–205

application associations 104–107cannot copy 204cannot move 204Compress 188Connect to Server 205, 298contextual menu items 196, 199, 316display anomalies 201.DS_Store files 199error code -10660 199hidden files 189incorrect icons 201invisible files 189menu bar 203Open With 202Path Bar 187preferences 190Quick Look 187, 202, 205quits unexpectedly 198Refresh Finder 189relaunches 198, 199, 298relaunching 190restarts 298Secure Empty Trash 158, 427Services 203shortcut menus 188sidebar 187, 190, 202Spotlight 188Spotlight Comments 203stops responding 198, 200URL format alert 205View Options 187

firewall 86–87FireWire 207–212

backup device 55–56cannot start up from 210drive firmware 28Target Disk Mode 32, 159, 208

firmware 28, 351

firmware password 84, 267First Aid folder 71–72flash drives 351, 431, 435Flip4Mac 284FontAgent Pro 213Font Book 217–224FontDoctor 215Font Finagler 215fonts 213–216, 220, 312Force Quit 112FreeBSD 37, 280freezes 228–234fsck 69, 337FTP 298, 307

G

GarageBand 183Globally Unique Identifier 55, 407Google 41, 70, 265GPT 55, 407Griffin iMic 363GSCIS 84GUID 55, 407GUID Partition Table 55, 407

H

handwriting recognition 397hangs 228–234hard disks

available space 225, 330bad sectors 443data recovery 158–160defragmenting 38, 67directory 67, 333, 441erasing 443–446FireWire 207–212freeing space 225–227journaling 68NTFS format 211, 285partitioning 55, 211repairing 333–337sleep 235–238verifying 441–442zeroing 443–446

hard links 409hardware

Apple Hardware Test 239–240testing 99, 239–241upgrading 40–43

hdiutil 162Help 36–37help books 243helpdatad 243

Index 460

Help Viewer 242–249Helvetica 214Helvetica Neue 214HFS+ 69HFS Plus 69hibernation mode 351Home folder

missing 34moving 227permissions 338, 342renaming 394

hotspots 306HP LaserJet 327hyperlinks 23

I

iCal 31, 363iChat 92, 310iDisk 350, 410iDVD 31, 128IEEE 86iLife 121, 125iMac 29, 208, 390, 402Image Capture 316iMic 363immutable bit 204, 437iMovie 183indexing 373–374

disk images 381stopping 377unexpectedly 382verifying enabled 379

Ink 397input managers 318, 321input methods 317installation options 32Intego ContentBarrier 30Interface Builder 316Internet 308

connecting to 306connection sharing 306safety for children 89–91

Internet Explorer 31Internet Protocol Security 87Internet Service Provider 77, 179IP address 179, 307ipfw 87iPhoto 31, 128, 316iPod 60IPSec 87ISP 77, 179iSync 31, 118, 316iTunes 130, 226, 288, 312, 316, 410iWeb 120

J

Jaguar 29, 30, 293, 297Japanese Kana Palette 270, 298, 399Java 101journaling 68JPKI 84Juniper Networks 31

K

Kana Palette 298Kerberos 311, 325kernel 252kernel extension 252kernel panics 252–266, 451–452, 453

panic logs 145, 257–266kernel_task 314keyboard 267–273

Apple Wireless Keyboard 272, 273Boot Camp 273brightness keys 267, 271cannot type 297Caps Lock key 267Character Palette 267, 270, 298, 399disinfecting 273Eject key 267, 270, 271Japanese Kana Palette 270, 298, 399Keyboard Viewer 267, 270, 298, 399Key Caps 267KVM switchbox 270, 273mappings in Windows 273Mouse Keys 297no visual feedback 271numeric keypad 271one key fails to work 272shortcuts 267, 273unresponsive 270volume keys 270, 271, 273

Keyboard Viewer 267, 270, 298, 399Key Caps 267Keychain Access 274Keychain First Aid 274Keychains 34, 85, 274–277Keynote 35, 120kill 232, 406killall 232, 406KVM switchbox 270, 273

L

L2TP 87LAN 304, 308language localizations 226laptops 48, 76, 306launchd 281, 391

Index 461

Launch Services 136, 199Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol 87LCC 30LCD 351Lexmark 117, 327Linotype FontExplorer X 116Linux 56Little Snitch 87, 92locations 306LOCKSS 50Log Database Queries 138Log Files 138login 278–279

password 30, 84sound 363

Login Items 391–393Logitech Control Center 30logs

console.log 138, 448crash logs 144–147Log Database Queries 138maintenance scripts 281–282panic logs 145, 257–266system.log 138, 448system logging 448–450

M

Macbuying 42–43hardware upgrades 40–43integrating with Windows 284–288record keeping 76–77remote access 307–308

MacAcademy 36MAC address 409MacBook 115, 270, 291, 303, 388MacBook Air 115, 253, 291, 295, 296MacBook Pro 208, 270, 291, 303, 364, 388, 390Mac Diary 77MacDrive for Windows 285Mach Interface Generator 141Mac OS 9 226Mac OS Extended 69, 285Mac OS X

applications 101–102background processes 404backup and recovery 407–426books 36build information 283, 401documentation 37error codes 70feedback 44hardening 93installing 28–35

integrating with Windows 284–288learning 36–37maintenance 38–39memory management 329multithreading 146power management 351preventing problems 46–48processes 404reinstalling 123–125, 332security 83–93switching to 36updates 283version 401Web sites 37

Mac OS X 10.2 29, 30, 293, 297Mac OS X 10.4 293, 297–299Mac OS X Hints 37Mac portable 48, 76, 306Mac Pro 208, 365MacUpdate 103MacVCD X 439MacWindows 37, 102, 286Mac-Windows Integration 29, 284–288Mail 92, 310mailing labels 323maintenance scripts 38, 280–282malware 92man pages 37MasterJuggler 213mdfind 376mdimport 314, 376mdls 376mds 314, 374, 382mdutil 376mdworker 314, 374memory card readers 237memory leak 140Memtest 240menu bar 188, 203menu extras 47, 315metadata 373metadata store 374, 380Microsoft Entourage 410Microsoft Internet Explorer 31Microsoft Office 371Microsoft Virtual PC 102Microsoft Windows 284–288MIG 141Migration Assistant 29, 43, 291–299MobileMe 77, 118, 155, 277, 297, 307, 311mobile phone 175, 311modem

ADSL 308cable 308

Index 462

DSL 308fax 175–177, 180–181international use 306USB 311

Motion 316mouse 300–303

black rectangles 302Mouse Keys 297Mozilla Thunderbird 410MS-DOS format 285MTU 311multisession discs 129

N

NAS 51–52, 56–57NAT 86, 304, 307NetBoot 390Netinstall 390NetScreen 31Network Address Translation 86, 304, 307Network Attached Storage 51–52, 56–57Network Diagnostics 308networks 304–311

connection monitor 87, 92international travel 306locations 299, 306Network Diagnostics 308remote access 307security 86–87URL format alert 205

Network Utility 308nib 142noises 364Norton AntiVirus 30, 92notational conventions 24NTFS 56, 211, 285ntpd 138numeric keypad 271

O

off-site data protection 50, 57OmniDiskSweeper 226O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. 37OSXFAQ 37ownership 289–290

P

Pacifist 120, 121package 103packet trace 311page-ins 329pageins 329, 330page-outs 329

pageouts 329, 330paging 329panic logs 145, 257–266Parallels Desktop 102, 253, 410Parental Controls 89–91, 181, 326, 353partition 55Password Assistant 84passwords 30, 84–85, 278, 293, 305Path Bar 187PCI cards 351, 352performance 312–315

FileVault 183Finder 197fonts 221paging 330RAM 329spinning beach ball of death 370–372

peripherals 40–43, 250–251permissions

changing ownership 289–290Home folder 342repairing 39, 46, 338–341

Personal ID Verification 84PIV 84Playsnd 363plug-ins 316–322

Migration Assistant 293, 296Spotlight 373third-party 66

pmset 236Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 87portable computers 48, 76, 306ports 86, 311POST 384Power Mac G5 208Power-On Self Test 384power outages

protecting against 78–81recovering from 81

power surges 81PPP 308PPPoE 308PPTP 87prebinding 39preference panes 394, 396preferences files 108–109Preferential Treatment 65, 111Preview 328, 434Previous Systems folder 123, 226printers

base station printer 323Canon 34, 327HP 327inkjet 34

Index 463

Lexmark 117, 327multifunction 34

Printer Setup Utility 323printer sharing 323–328Print & Fax 179, 327, 399printing 323–328

Reset Printing System 175, 323processes 404processor type 28Property List Editor 71Prosoft Data Rescue II 159ProtectedFonts folder 214public key fingerprint 231PubSub Agent 277

Q

quarantine 92Quartz Extreme 174Quick Look 187, 194–195, 202, 205, 317QuickTime 126, 170, 317, 439

R

RAM 240, 312, 329–331recommendations 25Recovered Items 435Refresh Finder 189reinstalling

applications 120, 121Mac OS X 123–125, 332

Rember 240remote access 307–308remote backup service 52Remote Disc 134, 285Remote Login 298Repair Disk 333–337, 343Repair Permissions 39, 46, 338–341, 343Reset Printing System 175, 323Reset Safari 121, 275resource fork 285restart 78, 173, 233, 349Retrospect 51ripple effect 155root 47Rosetta 102, 293, 296routers 86, 308, 311Roxio Toast 439RSA key fingerprint 231

S

Safari 92, 276, 277, 317Reset Safari 121, 275

Safe Boot 344Safe Login 344

Safe Mode 344–345Font Book 219fonts available 214no sound 364

safe sleep 253, 351Samba 56, 288SBBOD 370–372scanners 34, 346–347screen saver 317, 351, 394, 397screen sharing 307, 311SCSI 352SCSIAction 142searching 188, 375–376SecureMac 83Secure Shell 307security 83–93

anti-virus 92data 87–89download validation 92file quarantine 92FileVault 88, 182–186hardening 93Keychains 85, 274–277malware 92networks 86–87new applications 92Parental Controls 89–91, 181, 326, 353passwords 84–85, 267physical 83smart cards 84spyware 87, 92Startup Items 384updates 83

serial number 401Services 203Setup Assistant 32, 35, 43, 291shell scripts 101Sherlock 31Shirt Pocket SuperDuper! 51shortcut menus 188shutdown 348–350

automatic by UPS 80Fast User Switching 173scheduled 352via Terminal 233vs sleep 351

sidebar 187, 190, 202SilverFast 346single-user mode 267sleep 351–353

Fax 175hard disks 235–238hibernation mode 351safe sleep 351

Index 464

scheduled 352sleepimage 353vs shutdown 351

sleepimage 353SMART 67–68, 354–356smart cards 84SMB 56, 286, 288Software Update 357–362

deciding to update 357downloading 358failed updates 361preventing problems 358–359problems after 359–361

sound 363–365from keyboard 272

Spaces 366–369sparse bundle 161, 182, 409sparse image 161, 182speech recognition 363, 364spindump 370spinning beach ball of death 236, 370–372spinning disc pointer 370spinning wait cursor 370spinning wait pointer 236spoken commands 363, 364Spotlight 373–383

backup and recovery 61CDs 374databases 374disk images 381DVD-RAM 374DVDs 374Finder 188hidden files 374indexing 373–374, 377, 379, 382invisible files 374mdfind 376mdimport 376mdls 376mds 374, 382mdutil 376mdworker 374metadata importers 316, 317metadata store 374, 380performance impacts 314plug-ins 316, 317, 373, 454–455Raw Query 376rebuilding indices 380searching 188, 375–376Smart Folders 187, 375Spotlight Comments 203Spotlight For Help 243Spotlight Window 188, 375System Preferences search 383, 400

Terminal commands 376Uniform Type Identifiers 374, 455

spyware 87, 92SSH 228–232, 307stacks 166startup 384–390

FireWire drive 210keyboard shortcuts 267, 273scheduled 352security 384slow 389tone 389, 390

Startup Items 384, 391–393Startup Manager 63, 345StuffIt 225StuffIt Expander 31sudo 30, 46, 47SUID files 341Suitcase 213SuperDrive 128, 131, 133, 237, 353SuperDuper! 51Super Video Compact Disc 439support agreements 99surge protection 81SVCD 128, 439–440swap files 329Symantec Norton AntiVirus 30, 92SyncServices 410SyndicationAgent 277syslog(1) 449syslog(3) 448syslogd 448, 449system.log 138system logging 448–450System Preferences 394–400

Accounts preferences 394Date & Time 399Desktop & Screen Saver 397Displays 398duplicates 398missing 398preference panes 296, 317, 394, 396Print & Fax 175, 179, 327, 399quits unexpectedly 400removing preference panes 399Sharing 31Spotlight search 383, 400

System Profiler 128, 401–403SystemUIServer 315

T

tcsh 231TechTool Deluxe 241TechTool Pro 29, 69, 159, 241

Index 465

eDrive 30, 33Terminal 36, 37, 46, 216, 406Test Account 64–66text-to-speech 363The X Lab 25, 37thrashing 330thread 146Tiger 293, 297–299Time Capsule

archiving 415as AirPort base station 304as backup device 56, 407firmware 416, 425requirements 416restarting 419sizing 413sparse bundle 409, 422status light 100URL format alert 298

Time Machine 407–426archiving 415backup disk 407, 413–414Backups.backupdb folder 408kernel panic 253sparse bundle 409, 422URL format alert 298vs third-party backup solutions 49, 52

Toast 439top 231, 330trackpad 303training 36–37Transitional Security Network 305Trash 427–437

emptying 225recovering files from 158Secure Empty Trash 158

troubleshootingAirPort 308applications 110–121Bluetooth 308burning 129–134CDs 129–134Console 143contextual menu items 196Dashboard 152–157disk images 162–165Dock 168–171DVDs 129–134Fast User Switching 173–174Fax 179–181file sharing 308FileVault 184–186Finder 189–205FireWire 208–211, 250–251

Font Book 222–224fonts 215–216freezes and hangs 228–234general procedure 98–99hard disks 333–337, 343, 354–356, 441–442hard drive sleep 237–238hardware 99, 239–241Help Viewer 244–249input managers 321installation 33–35Internet connections 308kernel panics 254–256keyboards 268–273keychains 276log in 278–279login 278–279Login Items 391–393Mac-Windows integration 286–287Migration Assistant 295–299mouse 300–303networks 308–311passwords 84–85performance 313–315peripherals 250–251permissions 338–341plug-ins 316–322printer sharing 325–328printing 325–328Quick Look 194–195shutdown 348–350sleep 352–353software 98Software Update 359–362sound 364–365Spaces 368–369spinning beach ball of death 370–372Spotlight 378–383startup 384–390Startup Items 391–393System Preferences 395–400System Profiler 402–403Time Machine 417–425Trash 429–437USB 250–251VPNs 308

TSN 305TWAIN 346

U

UFS 29Uniform Type Identifier 374, 383, 455uninstalling 109–110Uninterruptible Power Supply 78–81Universal applications 102, 293, 296

Index 466

universal binary 102UNIX 280UNIX shell 231Unsanity 30update prebinding 39Upgrade Install 32UPS 78–81URL 298URL format alert 205, 298USB 250–251

backup device 55–56flash drives 351, 431, 435modem 311shutdown 349software debuggers 241

user agents 391User ID number 438Users folder 34UTI 374, 455

V

VCD 128, 439–440VersionTracker 103Video Compact Disc 439VideoHelp 127Virtual Memory 329Virtual Network Computing 307Virtual PC 102Virtual Private Networks 87, 308, 311VLC 31, 126, 439VM 329VMware Fusion 102, 410VNC 307VoiceOver 197voices 363volume keys 270, 271, 273VPN 87, 308, 311VueScan 346

W

warranties 40, 99Watchdog 142WebObjects 101Web Sharing 307, 309WEP 86, 305WhatSize 226widgets 148–157

closing 150developing 151finding new 151installing 150opening 149preferences 150, 151

refreshing 150removing 150Web Clip widgets 148, 156

Wi-Fi 86, 306Wi-Fi Protected Access 86, 305Windows

Bonjour for Windows 324Boot Camp 102, 273file sharing 284, 286–287, 298integrating with Macs 284printer sharing 284, 323, 324, 325

Windows Internet Name Service 299Windows Media 284Windows Sharing 298WINS 299Wired Equivalent Privacy 86, 305WPA 86, 305WPA2 86WWAN 311

X

X11 101Xcode 71, 316, 455X Lab, The 25, 37XML 109Xsan 407

Y

Yasu 38, 114, 135, 215, 280

Z

zeroing 443–446