TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Terralog Technologies USA, Inc. BP Hydrogen Energy CO2 Project

TTICO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations

Terralog Technologies USA, Inc.

BP Hydrogen Energy CO2 Project


Hydrogen Energy is a joint venture between BP and Rio Tinto

California project using petroleum coke to manufacture hydrogen for 250MW power plant

Capture 1,000,000 metric tons per year CO2 from power plant and sequester underground


Study areas for siting the power plant included the Los Angeles basin, Ventura basin and southern San Joaquin basin


Evaluate existing large oil fields and saline aquifers for injection potential

Geology of southern California ideal for sequestration:

• Thick, deep marine sandstones that provide petroleum reservoirs

• Regional shales overlying sands that act as seals

• Geologic structures (anticlinal folds, faults) that provide traps


Oil Fields

Describe the geology

Wells and production history (oil & gas produced and estimated reserves)

Potential CO2 sequestration targets (typically below 3000ft depth)

Injection capacity


L.A. Basin

Salt LakeSan VicenteBeverly Hills

Sawtelle Cheviot Hills

Los Angeles

Las Cienegas

Inglewood

Playa Del ReyPotrero

El SegundoRosecrans

Dominguez 275 million bbl

Bandini

Montebello

Santa Fe Springs 624 million bbl

WhittierSansinena

Brea Olinda

Yorba Linda

Kraemer

Coyote

RichfieldTorrance, 225 million bbl Long Beach Oil Field, 1 billion bbl

Seal Beach Oil Field, 211 million bbl

Belmont OffshoreHuntington Beach, 1.3 billion

Newport

Wilmington Oil Field 2.6 billion bbl

1.4 Offshore1.2 Onshore

0 4 8 12

Pacific

Ocean

Scale in Miles

N

California

LOCATION MAPLA Basin Oil Production: 8.7 billion bbl

LOCATION MAPLA Basin Oil Production: 8.7 billion bbl

Initial study in the Los Angeles Basin, for the BP refinery at Carson, CA, near the Wilmington oil field


Wilmington Oil Field Example

Structure and stratigraphy


Zone Thickness (ft) Area (mm ft2) Volume (mm ft3) Porosity (%) Permeability (md)

Upper Terminal

300 324 97,200 30.0 735

Lower Terminal

360 324 116,640 29.0 500

Union Pacific

125 108 13,500 29.0 140

Ford 300 108 32,400 24.0 80

237 200 72 14,400 23.0 168

Potential injection zones in the Wilmington field. Area calculated from structure map. Thickness, porosity, permeability data from California Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources


Injection volume calculations for the Wilmington oil field

Increasing pressure and temperature

Field/AreaFormation /

ZoneDepth

(ft)Thicknes

s (ft)

Area (E6 ft2)

Porosity (%)

Pore Vol (ft3)

Pore Vol

(m3)Pressure

(psi)Pressure (Mpa)

Temp (deg F)

Temp (degree

C)Liq CO2 (1000 kg)

1000 kg at 5%

Saturation

Sequestration Vol.

(1000kg)

Wilmington Oil Field(combined) Up Terminal 3000 300 414 30%

3.73E+10

1.04E+09 1500 10.3 90 32 4.84E+08 2.42E+07

Low Terminal 3600 360 414 29%4.32E+1

01.21E+0

9 1800 12.4 108 42 5.62E+08 2.81E+07

Union Pacific 4000 125 198 29%7.18E+0

92.01E+0

8 2000 13.8 120 49 9.33E+07 4.66E+06

Ford 4550 300 198 24%1.43E+1

03.99E+0

8 2275 15.7 137 58 1.85E+08 9.26E+06

237 5500 200 162 23%7.45E+0

92.09E+0

8 2750 19.0 165 74 9.68E+07 4.84E+06 7.10E+07

Total 12851.09E+1

13.06E+0

9 1.42E+09 7.10E+07


Estimated potential mass storage for all studied oil fields assuming 100% displacement of fluids and 5% total CO2 saturation by volume

Assume CO2 density is about equal to critical point density (464kg/m3)


Potential mass CO2 storage assuming 100% displacement


Potential mass CO2 storage assuming 5% sautration


Saline Aquifers

Large, deep sedimentary basins

Describe geology based on wildcat wells and published studies

Potential targets larger, deeper than oil field targets

Estimate volume


In Los Angeles basin, studied the Central Trough area and offshore Wilminton Graben

Central Trough

WilmingtonGraben

CarsonRefinery

TTICO2 Sequestration in Geologic FormationsFormation/

ZoneDepth

(ft)Thickness

(ft)

Area (E6 ft2)

Porosity (%)

Pore Vol (ft3)

Pore Vol (m3)

Liq CO2 (1000 kg)

1000kg at 5%

saturation

Puente 15000 1000 3500 15% 5.28E+11 1.48E+10 6.86E+09 3.43E+08

Topanga Gp 20000 700 3500 10% 2.46E+11 6.90E+09 3.20E+09 1.60E+08

Estimated volume for the Central Trough

Field/AreaFormation /

ZoneDepth

(ft)Thicknes

s (ft)

Area (E6 ft2)

Porosity (%)

Pore Vol (ft3)

Pore Vol

(m3)Pressure

(psi)Pressure (Mpa)

Temp (deg F)

Temp (degree

C)Liq CO2 (1000 kg)

1000 kg at 5%

Saturation

Sequestration Vol.

(1000kg)

Wilmington Oil Field(combined) Up Terminal 3000 300 414 30%

3.73E+10

1.04E+09 1500 10.3 90 32 4.84E+08 2.42E+07

Low Terminal 3600 360 414 29%4.32E+1

01.21E+0

9 1800 12.4 108 42 5.62E+08 2.81E+07

Union Pacific 4000 125 198 29%7.18E+0

92.01E+0

8 2000 13.8 120 49 9.33E+07 4.66E+06

Ford 4550 300 198 24%1.43E+1

03.99E+0

8 2275 15.7 137 58 1.85E+08 9.26E+06

237 5500 200 162 23%7.45E+0

92.09E+0

8 2750 19.0 165 74 9.68E+07 4.84E+06 7.10E+07

Total 12851.09E+1

13.06E+0

9 1.42E+09 7.10E+07

Estimated volume for the Wilmington Oil Field


Structure contour map on the top of Miocene sediments

Created from offshore seismic surveys


Elk Hills Oil Field

1,300,000Mbbl oil produced; 107,000Mbbl reserves2,150,000MMcf gas produced; 707,000MMcf reserves

1,300,000MMcf gas injected (PM); 1,100,000Mbbl water/steam injected (WF)


Hydrogen Power Plant

Elk Hills

Location of plant north of Elk Hills

CO2 used for EOR

Waste water injected at site

40 wells injecting 200,000bbl water/day


1. Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Los Angeles and Ventura Basins

2. Preliminary Review of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Wilmington Graben

3. Preliminary Review of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Huntington Beach Offshore Oil Field

4. Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Carson Refinery Area and Selected Saline Aquifers in the Los Angeles Basin

5. Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the San Joaquin Valley

6. Geology of the Proposed BP Hydrogen Power Plant Area and Suitability for Large Volume Wastewater Injection

7. Geological Evaluation of the CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Ventura Basin

8. Geological Evaluation of the CO2 Sequestration Potential of Saline Aquifers in the Southern San Joaquin Basin


Prepared US EPA Class V Injection Permit Application for injection at the BP Carson Refinery

including:

• Geology • Numerical Modeling for Injection

• Area of Review• Well Design and Construction• Surface Equipment Design• Monitoring Systems and Plan

Documents

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Terralog Technologies USA, Inc. BP Hydrogen Energy CO2 Project