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Tuesday, January 10, 2012
Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)
BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?
Tuesday, January 10, 2012
Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)
BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?
Tuesday, January 10, 2012
Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)
BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?
Tuesday, January 10, 2012
Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)
BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?
Tuesday, January 10, 2012Last chance to view BR – 1 min
Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)
BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?
Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.
Cerebrum Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Lobes of the Brain (4)
• Frontal• Parietal• Occipital• Temporal
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain - Frontal• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located at the front of
the brain.
• It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:
- Emotions- Decision Making/Reasoning
- Personality
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe
• The Parietal Lobe of the brain is posterior to the Frontal lobe, but anterior to the Occipital lobe
• It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:
-sensory information and cognition(Experiencing taste, smell, touch, pain, temperature, etc. signals and processing it.)
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe
• The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located in the back part of the brain (farthest from the eyes)
• Its primary function is the processes VISION and visual stimuli.
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain – Temporal Lobe
• The Temporal Lobes are the most lateral. They are located on the sides of the brain, above the ears
• They play an integral role in the following functions:
- Hearing
- Language Comprehension- Memory Formation
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Cerebellum
• The cerebellum is located just above the brain stem and toward the back of the brain. It is relatively well protected from trauma compared to the frontal and temporal lobes and brain stem.
• Functions: - Coordination/ Balance- Muscle Tone
Brain Stem
• The Brain stem consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It merges into the spinal cord.
• Functions:- attention- consciousness- breathing
- sleeping- temperature
**All information to and from our body passes through here on the way to and from the brain
Lobes and Structures of the Brain
B.
D. E.
F.
G.
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
C.
Lobes and Structures of the Brain
B.
C.
D. E.
F.
G.
B. Frontal Lobe
G. Parietal Lobe
F. Occipital Lobe
D. Temporal Lobe
E. Cerebellum
C. Brain Stem
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
Further Investigation
Phineas Gage: Phineas Gage was a railroad worker in the 19th century living in Cavendish, Vermont. One of his jobs was to set off explosive charges in large rock in order to break them into smaller pieces. On one of these instances, the detonation occurred prior to his expectations, resulting in a 42 inch long, 1.2 inch wide, metal rod to be blown right up through his skull and out the top. The rod entered his skull below his left cheek bone and exited after passing through the anterior frontal lobe of his brain.
Frontal
Remarkably, Gage never lost consciousness, or quickly regained it (there is still some debate), suffered little to no pain, and was awake and alert when he reached a doctor approximately 45 minutes later. He had a normal pulse and normal vision, and following a short period of rest, returned to work several days later. However, he was not unaffected by this accident.
Frontal
Q: Recalling what you have just learned regarding the frontal lobe, what possible problems or abnormalities may Gage have presented with subsequent to this type of injury (remember the precise location of the rod through his brain)?
A: Gage’s personality, reasoning, and capacity to understand and follow social norms had been diminished or destroyed. He illustrated little to no interest in hobbies or other involvements that at one time he cared for greatly. ‘After the accident, Gage became a nasty, vulgar, irresponsible vagrant. His former employer, who regarded him as "the most efficient and capable foreman in their employ previous to his injury," refused to rehire him because he was so different.’
Q: It is suggested that Gage’s injury inspired the development of what at one time was a widely used medical procedure. What might this procedure be, and how does it relate to Gage’s injury?
A: The frontal lobotomy. This has been used with the intention to diminish aggression and rage in mental patients, but generally results in drastic personality changes, and an inability to relate socially. This procedure is largely frowned upon today, with the development of neurological drugs as treatments.
Frontal
11. ____________ This is the missing lobe of the 4 if you are given: parietal, frontal and temporal
Occipital
12. ____________ This structure is located at the lower part of the brain, next to the occipital lobe and the brain stem
Cerebellum
14. ____________ All information to and from our body passes through here on the way to and from the brain
Brain Stem