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TUMOR IN THE EYE

(NEOPLASM)

NUR 3354

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GROUP MEMBERS

NOR AFIRA BINTI ZAHARIN

(DN/F/09/01/0046)

NOR DIYANA BINTI HISBULLAH

(DN/F/08/07/0199)

FITRIAH BINTI MOHD NADRI(DN/F/08/07/0185)

NUR HAZIRAH BINTI ZASALI

(DN/F/09/01/0042)

NUR BISMILLAH BINTI HARON

(DN/F/08/07/0062) MENI ANAK SUDIN

(DN/F/09/01/0023)

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ANATOMY OF THE EYE

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WHAT IS THE EYE

TUMOR?

A "tumor" simply means a mass or tissueswelling. This term applies to both benigntumors such as a mole on the skin as well asmalignant tumors which are referred to ascancer.

Most eye tumors involve the conjunctiva, uvea(composed of the iris, ciliary body, andchoroid), retina or optic nerve.

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TYPES OF TUMOR

Benign

-a tumor that does not have the ability to

invade or spread to other organs. Benign

tumors are not cancers.

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CHOROIDAL NEVUS

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A choroidal nevus is a flat and often

pigmented "mole" inside the eye. A nevus isusually benign and dark in color. A choroidal

nevus is found inside the eye within the

choroidal vessel layer deep to the retina. Think

of a nevus as being similar to freckles or a

mole.

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CAUSES

A nevus is caused by cells called melanocytes,

which produce the pigment that colors skin,

hair and eyes. Most of the time, melanocytes

are distributed evenly, but occasionally they

form clusters, which leads to the development

of nevi.

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SYMPTOMS

Brownish area appears on the choroid

The spot is usually flat

The spot does become very large

Blurred vision

In severe cases it can transform

into choroid melanoma

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TREATMENT

Most nevi do not require treatment, and it is

not possible to surgically remove a nevus.

However, a nevus should be examined at least

once a year in order to detect changes that

could signal a risk of the nevus becoming

cancerous.

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Malignant

-a tumor that has the ability to invade and

spread to other organs. The term "cancer"refers to a malignant tumor.

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RETINOBLASTOMA

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DEFINITION

Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the

retina that occurs predominantly in young

children.

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CAUSES

Retinoblastoma occurs when retinal nerve

cells genetically mutate, causing them to grow

and multiply, eventually forming a tumor.

These cells usually spread into the eye and

nearby structures, and can also spread to

other areas of the body , including the brain

and spine.

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SYMPTOMS

Abnormal appearance of the pupil,leucokoria

Deterioration of vision

Red and irritated eye

Faltering growth or delayed development

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TREATMENT

Chemotherapy

-drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells bytraveling throughout the body.

Radiation therapy

-radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such as X

-rays, to

kill cancer cells.

Laser therapy (laser photocoagulation)

-to destroy blood vessels that nourish the tumor, with thegoal of killing the cancer cells.

Surgery

-if the tumor has grown too much to be effectively treatedthrough other means.

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NURSING DIAGNOSES

Anxiety related to possibility of loss vision

Altered vision related to tumor in the eyes

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Anxiety related to possibility of loss vision

Assess patient level of anxiety

Determine how patient copes with anxiety withinterview

Acknowledge awareness of the patient anxiety becausevalidates the feeling and communicates acceptance of those feeling

Stay with patient that may be helpful during an anxietyattack

Use the simple language and brief statement wheninstructing patient about self care measures or aboutdiagnostic and surgical procedures

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Encourage good or quiet environment

Provide patient with relaxation technique suchas breathing exercise to reduce anxiety

EVALUATION:

 ± Patient is able to recognize sign of anxiety

- Patient become more relax

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Altered vision related to tumor in the eyes

Assess age.

Determine nature of visual symptom and degreeof visual loss.

Review medical history. Ask patient about specifics such as ability to read,

see television or history of fall and alsobrightness.

Assess eye and lid for inflammation, edema anddeviation. Problem that can negatively affectvision.

Provide adequate lighting to improve vision for

patient with diminished vision.

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Encourage use of sense of touch to become

familiar with unfamiliar object.

EVALUATION

 ± Patients achieves optimal functioning within limits

of visual impairment as evidenced by ability to

care of self. To navigate environment safely.

To engage in meaningful activities.

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HEALTH EDUCATION

Patient and family need information to plan

strategies for assisting the visually impaired

patient to cope.

Teach general eye care:

Maintain sterility of all eye droppers, tube

medication & other to reduce the risk of eye

infection

Do not share eye make up.

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CONTINUE.

Care of contact lenses as recommended bymanufacturer.

Do not rub eyes.

o Demonstrate the proper administration of eyesdrops or ointment.

o Help family or caregiver identify & makearrangements at home. Provide for patient safety

& sense of independence as indicated.o Make appropriate referrals to home health

agency for nursing social service follow up.

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QUESTIONS««?????

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THANK YOU«..