TWO ESSAYS ON ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY.-

By C G Jung, ivi.d., ll.d. (Authorized transla-

tion by H. G. and C. F. Baynes.) London: Bailliere,

Tindall and Cox, 1928. Pp. xviii plus 280.

Price, 10s. 6d. net.

The subject-matter of this volume is based on two

papers published some years ago under different titles

in the " Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology,

let it be stated at once that this work will appeal to a

very l:mited circle, the members of which have _

a

thorough grasp of "advanced psychology in all its

^TimSniTto the essays themselves, the first, entitled

"The Unconscious in the Normal and Pathological

Mind." opens with a chapter on the origins of psycho- analysis -here is described the epoch-making work of

Freud which has exerted, and is exerting, a profound influence on psychology and psycho-pathology. As a

result of his researches the influence of mental trauma

as the factor of importance in the causation of neurosis

Feb., 1929.] ANNUAL REPORTS. Ill

has been very largely replaced by a belief in the pre- sence of a concealed erotic conflict?a disturbance, that is, in the sphere of love, using

" love " in the broadest

sense?in all cases of neurosis. The author does not find himself in complete agreement with the theories of Freud or of Adler. "

It is manifest," he says, " that

each has its field of application in those cases which .prove the correctness of the theory. As to those cases that cannot be harmonized with it, well?every rule has its exceptions." In particular, Jung points out that the disposable psychical energy which is obtainable by the psycho-analytic technique is of comparatively little value, in that it cannot in many cases be

" sub-

limated " or transferred at pleasure to a rationally chosen object. One of the most interesting chapters in the book is

that entitled "The Personal Unconscious and the Super- personal or Collective Unconscious." The author de- monstrates that two levels can be recognised in the unconscious: (a) the personal unconscious, and (b), what he terms the super-personal unconscious or

collective unconscious, the latter consisting of " those

potentialities of human representations of things as

they have always been, inherited through the brain structure from one generation to the next."

In the section on the function of the unconscious we are given a definition of individuation, viz.,

" a psycho-

logical evolutionary process that fulfils the given indivi- dual dispositions by which a man can create

of himself that definite unique being that he feels himself at bottom to be "

It is rather curi- ous to find that Thomas a Kempis expressed the same thought five hundred years ago when he says,

" The more a man is united within himself and becometh

inwardly simple and pure, the more and higher things doth he understand without labour." We have only one criticism to offer, and it is not a

criticism of the author but of the translator. Jung is

undoubtedly one of the greatest of modern scientific thinkers, and by that same token he is the less in need of the somewhat fulsome flattery that the translator has seen fit to accord him in the preface. The translator's remarks on the attitude of the medical pro- fession towards his idol (Jung) are unnecessarily caustic. Medicine is accused of having assimilated Freud and his teachings "exactly in the same way that the Church of Rome digested Francis of Assisi and with no more attention to the point of view of the digested party"; that this

"

phagocytic action "

has not been performed in the case of Jung is attributed to an obtuseness based on materialistic grounds.

Considering that medicine has to deal with the most Precious of human possessions, a meed of materialism is perhaps inevitable.

Printing, binding and general get-up of the book are excellent.

J. M. H.